E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 114 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 161 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 2015 No. 129 Senate The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was agreement or the long-term legacy of always the intention. One Senator at called to order by the President pro one President or the narrow interests the hearings voted no on the resolution tempore (Mr. HATCH). of one political party. Wrapped within because he didn’t want it to be 60 f are larger questions about the pros- votes. Everybody else voted for that. pects for stability in a region, the po- Forty-seven Republican Senators sent PRAYER tential for safety in a nation, and the a letter to the Ayatollah, explaining to The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- continued role for our country in a them how the Senate works. In that fered the following prayer: dangerous and uncertain world. letter, all 47 Republican Senators ac- Let us pray. We can’t escape these questions. knowledged that it takes three-fifths Almighty God, our Lord, how excel- Their answers carry the potential to votes to get things done here in the lent is Your Name in all the Earth. touch every American and future gen- Senate. Today, open the hearts of our law- erations. So that is over and done with. The makers to what You have done, are The American people deserve our de- resolution before us will take 60 votes doing, and will do for those who love liberate and considered responses. They to pass. The direct quote from Senator You. As they remember how You led deserve a Senate that can rise to the CORKER that I read is in black and our Nation in the past, increase their moment. Tired talking points won’t white. There aren’t any words of mine; optimism regarding what the future get us there. A filibuster won’t do it, those are his words. That is a direct can bring. Help them to remember that either. But here is what will: Respect- quote from the chairman of the For- even when wrong seems very strong, ing each other will get us there. Seri- eign Relations Committee. You continue to rule and that Your ous discussion will get us there. A de- So that is what we have. Republicans sovereignty will prevail. bate worthy of the moment will get us have clearly conceded that it takes 60 Give us this day our daily bread, not there. So that is what I am calling for votes to advance a resolution of dis- only of physical renewal but of spir- again today. approval. itual sustenance, lest our souls starve I ask every Senator to join me at Filibusters stop debate. We are will- in the far country of neglect or indul- their desks this afternoon so that we ing to have all the debate the Repub- might listen to colleagues as well as gence. licans want—2 hours, 2 days, whatever debate colleagues. A serious debate and We pray in Your great Name. Amen. they want. It has to be completed by an open vote on this issue is the very f next Thursday. That is the only dead- least our country should expect. That line that I can see. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE is the least we should be able to give The good news is that Senate Demo- them. The President pro tempore led the crats, of course, on this side of the Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: f aisle, continue to propose that fol- I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY lowing ample debate, the Senate then United States of America, and to the Repub- proceed directly to a vote on final pas- lic for which it stands, one nation under God, LEADER indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sage. Of course, it would have a 60-vote Democratic leader is recognized. threshold, as the chairman of the com- f mittee said yesterday. There would be f RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY no need for any other procedural votes. LEADER DEADLINES IN THE SENATE We would just do that. There is no need The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Mr. REID. Mr. President, yesterday for the Republican leader to continue TOOMEY). The majority leader is recog- my friend, the chairman of the Foreign wasting the Senate’s time—and it is nized. Relations Committee, Senator CORKER precious. f of Tennessee, said: ‘‘I recognize, and Look at what we have this week. have all along, that it takes 60 Sen- There is basically one more legislative SERIOUS DEBATE IN THE SENATE ators to advance legislation and get to day this week. Next week, we have two Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, this a final vote on a bill or resolution.’’ No days, Monday and Tuesday, which are afternoon the Senate will engage in a equivocation, no dancing around the long-time celebrations by the entire debate of immense importance to our issue—the chairman of the Foreign Re- Congress of a Jewish holiday. We have country. I again ask every Senator to lations Committee established what we the deadline of September 17 for this reflect upon its gravity. have known all along: It takes 60 votes. matter dealing with Iran to be com- At its heart, this is about more than His counterpart, Senator CARDIN of pleted, as far as Senate floor action. just the short term prospects of one Maryland, also agrees that 60 votes was Staring us in the face at the end of the

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09SE6.000 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6478 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 month is that government funding will employer mandate applies under the Patient whelmingly—98 to 1. I think, actually, be gone. We have to do something Protection and Affordable Care Act. the Senator from California was absent about that. And we know, as we have Pending: on that day. I look forward to a very heard all the threats by Republican McConnell amendment No. 2640, of a per- substantive debate taking place on this Senators, that we are not going to fund fecting nature. most important issue. the government unless something is McConnell amendment No. 2641 (to amend- Later today, I will have longer and done with Planned Parenthood. Those ment No. 2640), to change the enactment more formal comments to make about date. things take time. We have to get to McConnell amendment No. 2642 (to amend- the substance of what was agreed to by that. Every day we waste here on the ment No. 2641), of a perfecting nature. the administration and other countries floor, trying to figure out what the Re- McConnell amendment No. 2643 (to the lan- involved in the process. publicans want to do, is time that we guage proposed to be stricken by amendment I am looking forward to this. I want should be spending on how we are going No. 2640), to change the enactment date. to say again to my friends on the other to fund the government. McConnell amendment No. 2644 (to amend- side of the aisle that I think we set this ment No. 2643), of a perfecting nature. There is no question that the Repub- up in a manner to be a dignified, sober McConnell motion to commit the joint res- debate about one of the most impor- lican leader now has a very real and olution to the Committee on Foreign Rela- important decision to make. We have a tions, with instructions, McConnell amend- tant foreign policy issues that will lot of work to do this month. We can’t ment No. 2645, to change the enactment date. come before us. Thankfully it is com- afford to waste time with unnecessary McConnell amendment No. 2646 (to (the in- ing before us because we all forced it to procedural votes. structions) amendment No. 2645), of a per- come before us, to have this debate, fecting nature. We also have some things we have to and to be able to weigh in. McConnell amendment No. 2647 (to amend- I yield the floor. I thank very much be involved in here that are going to ment No. 2646), of a perfecting nature. the Senator from California for her slow up what we do. We have the Presi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under courtesy. dent of China coming toward the end of the previous order, the time until 12:30 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the month. We have the Pope coming. p.m. will be equally divided between ator from California. We expect as many as 500,000 people the two leaders or their designees. Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I wish to here on both sides of the Capitol during Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- thank my chairman of the Foreign Re- the short time the Pope is here on Cap- imous consent that until 12:30 p.m. lations Committee, Senator CORKER, itol Hill. today, the time during quorum calls be for his courtesies. We do not agree on We have so many things to do. We equally divided. this particular matter, but there are a need to have a path forward, as I men- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there lot of matters when it comes to foreign tioned already, to keep the Federal objection? policy on which we do agree. I do agree Government from shutting down be- Without objection, it is so ordered. this should be a very straightforward cause of a lack of funding. We need to The Senator from California. debate—either you are for this agree- figure out a way to keep our highway Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, if I ment or you are not. trust fund solvent, which it is not now. might, through the Chair, if Senator I think the fact that Congress is vot- We need to do something about cyber CORKER would like to take his 5 min- ing on it is good. I did support that in security, and we need to consider im- utes first, I am happy to allow that. the committee. That calls for regular portant tax extenders legislation, as The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- order as far as the way we treat this well as how to avoid default on the ator from Tennessee. very important vote. debt limit. They are all going to con- Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I thank I am very proud to stand here today verge at about the same time. the Senator for her tremendous cour- as the longest serving member sitting Senate Democrats and Senate Repub- tesy, and I will actually take 1 minute. on the Foreign Relations Committee licans have very real deadlines that we This afternoon we are going to have today. Out of all of the members, I must meet. We can’t meet them be- a very sober and dignified debate about have been there the longest. When I got cause of the procedure in the Senate a foreign policy issue of huge con- there, I did not have these gray hairs. unless the Republican leader allows us sequence to our Nation and certainly I am not blaming any of the topics that to have some time on the floor. What to the world. I wish to thank Senator came before us for these gray hairs; we don’t have is time to waste on Re- MCCONNELL and Senator REID for set- however, we have had some tough de- publican-contrived procedural fights ting up a format that reflects that. I bates, and this certainly is one of that have no basis in fact or reality. It know many of my friends on the other them. I know my friend has a lot to do. is time for Republicans to abandon side of the aisle have been concerned I just want to say I was pleased to yield their plans to slow down a vote on final about amendments that may call for to him because I think he has set the passage of the Iran nuclear agreement this to be a different type of debate. I right tone. resolution of disapproval and move on would like to point out that the leader Colleagues, this is a vote we are to other matters. yesterday filled the tree. I just want going to long remember, a vote on an Mr. President, would the Chair an- people to know that. arms control agreement that came nounce the business of the day. I wish to thank Senator CARDIN and about for only one reason. That reason Senator MENENDEZ before him for the is, our President and his team—former f way we have all been able to work Senator John Kerry, now Secretary of RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME through a lot of issues that have come State; Wendy Sherman, the chief nego- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under up. What I hope doesn’t happen today tiator—they were part of the team, and the previous order, the leadership time is that, somehow or another, we begin many others worked tirelessly against is reserved. referring back to incidents and trying the most vitriolic opposition. to turn this into some type of partisan The President stood firm. I want to f debate. We worked through August. say to him today: Thank you, Mr. HIRE MORE HEROES ACT OF 2015 Things happened all along the way. We President. In that race for President The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under worked through those. We ended up that you ran, you were very clear that the previous order, the Senate will re- with the ability as a Congress, on an you were going to reach out your hand sume consideration of H.J. Res. 61, executive agreement, which we all and see if we could avoid another war which the clerk will report. know was meant to be implemented in the Middle East. I hope and pray The senior assistant legislative clerk without any congressional involvement this Senate will give us and the world read as follows: whatsoever, going straight to the U.N. this opportunity. Security Council—we all worked to- As the President has said, a military A joint resolution (H.J. Res. 61) amending option is always on the table. It is in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exempt gether to figure out a way to have this employees with health coverage under debate and then vote on the substance our Constitution that the President TRICARE or the Veterans Administration of this legislation. can respond to a threat. So nothing in from being taken into account for purposes So I want to thank my friends on this agreement takes a military re- of determining the employers to which the both sides of the aisle. It passed over- sponse off the table. But it does say

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.002 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6479 that diplomacy should have a chance many of our closest allies, such as the friends,’’ do you know what they say? to work. This diplomacy includes much United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, ‘‘Oh, we can just sanction those of the world. That is why it is so re- France, Japan, and Canada—100 na- friends. We can just sanction those al- markable. tions. That is why 29 of the Nation’s lies. We can just sanction those trading I also want to give special thanks to top scientists, including 6 Nobel laure- partners.’’ Can you imagine going after two former Secretaries of State—Colin ates, call the deal ‘‘innovative and our best friends? Is that a winning Powell, a Republican, and Hillary Clin- stringent’’ and even say it can serve as strategy? That is another example of ton, a Democrat—for weighing in on a ‘‘guidepost for future agreements.’’ the opponents dreaming or scheming— the side of diplomacy. As Senators, we One hundred nations, 29 of our Nation’s dreaming of a successful go-it-alone deal with thousands of issues in the top scientists. That is also why 60 bi- strategy or scheming for another war course of our careers, but we will long partisan national security leaders sup- in the Middle East. Those options—go remember those that actually change port it, including leaders such as Mad- it alone or a war—are self-inflicted the course of history. Those kinds of eleine Albright, Thomas Pickering, and wounds we can ill afford. votes are votes of conscience, and they Ryan Crocker. You know those names. Let’s put up the statement by Philip are votes about which we must look You know those people. They have in- Hammond, the United Kingdom For- deeply into our hearts and into our tegrity. They have intelligence. They eign Secretary. This is what he said. In minds. We have to look at the facts. have experience. They were appointed a meeting with the various Ambas- Facts are stubborn things. No matter by Republicans and Democrats alike. sadors of the countries that cut this what 30-second ad there is, no matter They point out that there are no viable deal, the same thing was said, but let’s what newspaper ad there is, there are alternatives to this agreement. They say it the way he did. This is the facts that are obvious. I want to go are right. United Kingdom Foreign Secretary: through those facts. I have them here Anyone—you are going to hear this If the United States were to walk away on this chart. from my Republican friends—anyone from this deal, international unity would One, this agreement cuts off the ura- who says we should go back to the bar- disintegrate. The hardliners in Iran would be gaining table—and you are going to strengthened, and we would lose the most ef- nium pathway to a bomb. It does it by fective path to stop Iran from developing a reducing Iran’s stockpile of enriched hear this over and over again: Oh, just nuclear weapon. uranium by 98 percent and severely re- go back to the bargaining table. Any- Philip Hammond, the UK Foreign stricting its ability to enrich uranium. one who says that after 20 months of Secretary. That is No. 1. negotiations and huge support in the So, again, look at what he is saying. Two, it cuts off the plutonium path- world is either engaging in fantasy or He is saying that if we walk away, the way to a bomb. They do that by dis- they truly want to sink this deal. So if hardliners in Iran would be strength- mantling Iran’s Arak reactor’s core you hear somebody say, ‘‘Oh, just go ened. They would win. So I ask oppo- and replacing it with a core that can- back to the table. Just forget the sup- nents of this deal: Why do you want to not produce weapons-grade plutonium. port of the 100 nations. Just go back stand with the hardliners in Iran? Be- That is the second part of the agree- and renegotiate this deal,’’ let me tell cause you are standing with the ment. you, they are either engaging in fan- hardliners in Iran who shout ‘‘Death to Three, it includes the most intrusive tasy or they want to sink this deal. America,’’ ‘‘Death to Israel.’’ You are inspections regime ever negotiated. There is a hard, cold truth here: If we standing with them. They want to kill Let me repeat that. The deal includes walk away, there will be no agreement. the deal. the most intrusive inspections regime Let’s be clear. If that is your position, I am under no illusion that this ever negotiated. This means 24/7 moni- why don’t you say it? But don’t say agreement solves all of our problems toring of Iran’s declared sites as well as ‘‘Go back to the negotiating table. No with Iran. I am under no illusions that inspections to the entire nuclear sup- problem.’’ If we walk away, there will this agreement will make Iran sud- ply chain, from its uranium mines and be no agreement. America will be iso- denly some positive player on the mills, to its conversion facility, to its lating itself and undermining its role world stage that we can cozy up to. No. centrifuge manufacturing and storage as a global leader on arms control. No. That is why this agreement is not facility. This is critical. It provides the That is why more than 100 former U.S. based on trust. As Hillary Clinton said International Atomic Energy Agency— Ambassadors say that without this today, it is based on distrust and verifi- you will hear it referred to as the deal, ‘‘the risks to the security of the cation. She is right. This agreement is IAEA—with the mechanism to require United States and our friends and al- also based on the most stringent in- that Iran grant access to its suspicious lies would be far greater.’’ Let me say spection regime ever negotiated. Iran sites. No other international agree- that again. One hundred former U.S. is a bad and a dangerous actor. I do not ment has ever done this before. So Ambassadors from both parties say think there is any disagreement on when you hear colleagues say, ‘‘Well, that ‘‘the risks to the security of the that. That is why its nonnuclear ac- Iran has 24 days, you know, to hide United States and our friends and al- tivities will remain subject to tough things,’’ all the experts will tell you lies would be far greater’’ than if we do sanctions. But here is the ultimate that you can hide a computer, but you the deal. question each of us must ask ourselves: cannot hide nuclear material. It has a We know right now that Iran has Would we rather have a bad and dan- half-life of thousands of years. But no enough nuclear material to build 10 nu- gerous actor with a nuclear bomb or a other international agreement, not clear weapons. So whom are you kid- bad and dangerous actor without a nu- even the agreements we have with the ding when you say the world will be clear bomb? My kids would say that is IAEA, say that the IAEA has a dead- safer if this agreement falls and Iran is a no-brainer. The answer is obvious. We line where access has to be granted to left to continue the dangerous course it don’t want Iran with a nuclear bomb. suspicious sites. began way back in 1984? We passed That is why we need this deal. If Iran Next, it requires the Iranians to dis- sanctions. We did it right here. I spoke cheats, it will be in front of the whole close their past nuclear activities be- on that. I said: We have to keep our eye world. I will be among the first to con- fore they can receive any sanctions re- on Iran. We don’t trust them. So they sider any and all options. lief. Let me say that again. The Ira- came to the table. I began by saying this is one of the nians have to disclose their past nu- Opposing this agreement means most important votes we will ever cast clear activities before they can receive walking away—walking away from the in our lifetime. I am reminded of an- any sanctions relief. very strategy we embraced when we other one, my vote against the Iraq Lastly, if Iran cheats, the United placed sanctions on Iran. It means war. It was lonely then—only 23 of us— States and our allies will be able to walking away from our best friends, but you have to look at the situation. snap back multilateral sanctions. our allies, and our trading partners. Some of the leading voices against this There is a process there that gives us a When you probe the opponents of this deal were the very same people who lot of power to do that. deal and you say, ‘‘Well, if you go back brought us the Iraq war. Because of all of this, more than 100 to the table, you are going to lose 100 Remember Paul Wolfowitz saying the nations support this deal, including nations, many of them our best Iraqis would ‘‘greet us as liberators’’?

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.003 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6480 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 Remember Dick Cheney, who is out fense Forces, the IDF, former member a nuclear weapon, some believe that military there now saying: Vote no on this deal. of the Knesset and former mayor of action is inevitable if we’re to prevent it Oh, it is terrible. Haifa, who said: ‘‘For Israel’s sake and from reaching its goal. We don’t subscribe to Remember what he said as he drew us that notion, but we are skeptical that, all the people of the Middle East, we should Iran attempt to consider moving to a into Iraq? He said there was ‘‘no doubt must not miss this opportunity.’’ nuclear weapon, we could deter them from that Saddam Hussein now has weapons Then there is Efraim Halevy, former pursuing it through economic sanctions of mass destruction.’’ And remember director of the Mossad, who said: alone. when he said the whole war would be ‘‘Without an agreement, Iran will be How does rejecting the agreement give ‘‘weeks rather than months’’? I remem- free to act as it wishes. . . .’’ America a weaker military hand to play? ber that after 10 years of war. Let me repeat that. This is the Let’s imagine a world in which the United Remember Bill Kristol saying we former director of the Mossad, who States rejects the nuclear accord that all would ‘‘be vindicated when we discover other parties have embraced. The sanctions said: ‘‘Without an agreement, Iran will now in place would likely not be maintained the weapons of mass destruction’’? be free to act as it wishes. . . .’’ and enforced by all the parties to the agree- And, remember, some of our col- These leaders from Israel whom I ment, so those would lose their strong deter- leagues who are here today pushed have quoted are some of the most rent value. Iran would effectively argue to hard for the Iraq war and said it would knowledgeable in the world when it the world that it had been willing to nego- be great for America and great for comes to Israel’s security, and they be- tiate an agreement, only to have that agree- Israel. Well, they were wrong then, and lieve this deal will make Israel safer. It ment rejected by a recalcitrant America. they are wrong now. In that world, should we find credible evi- doesn’t change the fact that the Israeli dence that Iran is starting to move toward a Look, it is no secret that the Prime Government opposes this. I agree with Minister of our great ally, Israel, is on nuclear weapon, the United States would al- that; I understand that. But there is a most certainly consider use of the military the other side of this argument, but we split in Israel, and it is worth com- option to stop that program. But it’s highly must also remember that Prime Min- menting on it. unlikely that our traditional European al- ister Benjamin Netanyahu was a cheer- With their expertise and their knowl- lies, let alone China and Russia, would sup- leader for the Iraq war and said in 2002: edge, these endorsements by these port the use of the military option since we had undermined the diplomatic path. Iran ‘‘If you take out . . . Saddam’s regime, Israelis should be taken seriously. I guarantee you that it will have enor- surely would know this, and so from the Also, the endorsements from our cur- start, would have less fear of a military op- mous positive reverberations on the re- rent and former colleagues in Congress gion.’’ Prime Minister Netanyahu ar- tion than if it faced a unified coalition. should be taken seriously. While the United States would certainly gued for the Iraq war saying: ‘‘I guar- Eleven Jewish former Members have provide the greatest combat power in any antee you that it will have enormous weighed in, saying: ‘‘We championed military action, allies and other partners positive reverberations on the region.’’ the U.S.-Israel alliance . . . and we all make valuable contributions—not just in di- Positive reverberations? Instead, dev- strongly support this agreement be- rect participation, but also in access rights, astating consequences. More than 4,000 logistics, intelligence, and other critical sup- cause it will enhance the security of of our brave American men and women port. If we reject the agreement, we risk iso- were killed and nearly 32,000 wounded. the U.S., the State of Israel, and the lating ourselves and damaging our ability to We know that a lot of the Baathists entire world.’’ assemble the strongest possible coalition to I thank them for weighing in. This is joined ISIS, and the Baathists were stop Iran. one of those debates that is very hard— In short, then, rejecting the Iran deal loyal to Saddam. Now they are guiding would erode the current deterrent value of ISIS. No positive reverberations there, regardless of your position—because it is emotional, it is difficult, and yet the military option, making it more likely devastating consequences. Iran might choose to pursue a nuclear weap- If we were completely honest and we they weighed in, as did the Israeli secu- on, and would then make it more costly for really asked the question: Who won the rity experts. Believe me, the pressure the U.S. to mount any subsequent military war in Iraq? The answer comes back, on them not to talk was enormous. operation. It would tie the hands of any fu- Iran. Iran. They have never had more This deal also has the support of ture president trying to build international influence in modern times on Iraq than some of the most knowledgeable and participation and support for military force respected foreign policy lawmakers against Iran should that be necessary. they have today. That is why, as a stal- Those who think the use of force against wart supporter of Israel and the Israeli- who ever served in Congress. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- Iran is almost inevitable should want the American relationship, I strongly sup- military option to be as credible and effec- port this deal. sent to have printed in the RECORD two tive as possible, both as a deterrent to Iran’s I am the proud author of the last two opinion pieces, one written by Senators nuclear ambitions and in destroying Iran’s United States-Israel security bills Carl Levin and John Warner and an- nuclear weapons program should that be- passed by Congress. They were called other by Senators Sam Nunn and Rich- come necessary. For that to be the case, the the United States-Israel Enhanced Se- ard Lugar. United States needs to be a party to the curity Cooperation Act of 2012 and the There being no objection, the mate- agreement rather than being the cause of its rial was ordered to be printed in the collapse. United States-Israel Strategic Partner- In our many years on the Armed Services RECORD, as follows: ship Act of 2014. I believe, as the author Committee, we saw time and again how of those two bills that President [Aug. 13, 2015] America is stronger when we fight alongside Obama signed, this deal makes the WHY HAWKS SHOULD ALSO BACK THE IRAN allies. Iran must constantly be kept aware United States safer, it makes Israel DEAL that a collective framework of deterrence safer, and it makes the entire world (By Carl Levin and John Warner) stands resolute, and that if credible evidence safer. We both were elected to the Senate in 1978 evolves that Iran is taking steps towards a I said that Prime Minister and privileged to have served together on the nuclear arsenal, it would face the real possi- Netanyahu is very clearly opposed, but Senate Armed Services Committee for 30 bility of military action by a unified coali- years, during which we each held committee tion of nations to stop their efforts. let’s look at some of the top military The deal on the table is a strong agree- experts in Israel—experts who under- leadership positions of chairman or ranking minority member. We support the Iran ment on many counts, and it leaves in place stand what is paramount to Israel’s se- Agreement negotiated by the United States the robust deterrence and credibility of a curity. and other leading world powers for many military option. We urge our former col- Let’s look at Ami Ayalon. He is a reasons, including its limitations on Iran’s leagues not to take any action which would former head of Shin Bet, Israel’s inter- nuclear activities, its strong inspections re- undermine the deterrent value of a coalition nal security service. He said: ‘‘When it gime, and the ability to quickly re-impose that participates in and could support the comes to Iran’s nuclear capability, this sanctions should Iran violate its provisions. use of a military option. The failure of the But we also see a compelling reason to sup- United States to join the agreement would [deal] is the best option. . . .’’ Now this have that effect. isn’t just some citizen in the street; port the agreement that has gotten little at- tention: Rejecting it would weaken the de- [Aug. 30, 2015] this is the former head of Shin Bet, terrent value of America’s military option. Israel’s internal security service, say- As former chairmen of the Senate Armed THERE ARE NO PERFECT NUCLEAR DEALS ing this. Services Committee, we have always be- (By Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar) Then there is Amram Mitzna, a re- lieved that the U.S. should keep a strong During the Cold War both Republican and tired major general in the Israel De- military option on the table. If Iran pursues Democratic presidents accepted less-than-

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:49 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.005 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6481 perfect arms pacts with the Soviets. We need bottom line is that this agreement makes it monitoring of implementation and compli- to do the same with Iran. far less likely that the Iranians will acquire ance. There should also be clear require- At the height of the Cold War, the Soviet a nuclear weapon over the next 15 years. ments for the president to report to Congress Union had thousands of nuclear warheads As to risks in going forward with the on intelligence associated with Iran. In addi- aimed at American cities, and the Soviets agreement, Congress must listen carefully to tion, Congress must provide funding to the were subject to numerous arms controls both our intelligence community and the IAEA for its activities in monitoring Iranian agreements. But progress was hard-fought IAEA’s views on any possible weaknesses in compliance with this agreement as well as and incremental at best. In an ideal world, the verification regime, and then work with other nuclear proliferation activities in the the Soviet Union would have agreed to more these entities to mitigate any Gulf region. severe constraints than those agreed by vulnerabilities, both now and in the years These crucial September votes will require Presidents Kennedy, Nixon, Ford, Carter, ahead. members to search their own consciences. Reagan and Bush, for example. It would have As with other agreements, Congress must Whether they vote ‘‘yea’’ or ‘‘nay,’’ they dismantled all of its nuclear weapons, recognize that there is no such thing as ‘‘per- must first look in the mirror and ask wheth- stopped its human rights abuses and halted fect’’ verification. What is crucial, however, er they are putting our nation’s interest its meddling around the world. is whether ‘‘effective’’ verification can be first. But, as all of these presidents—Democratic achieved. Can cheating be detected in time Our own conviction is that this agreement and Republican—understood, holding out for to take action before Iran could achieve a represents our best chance to stop an Iranian the impossible is a recipe for no progress at militarily significant advance? We believe bomb without another war in the Middle all. Congress should take the same approach the answer to that question is yes. The moni- East. today to the Iran nuclear deal. toring and verification provisions of this Mrs. BOXER. These are two Demo- We know something about the long history agreement are unprecedented in the history of such agreements. During our combined 60 of arms control in their comprehensiveness crats, two Republicans, leaders all—re- years in the U.S. Senate, we participated in and intrusiveness, and together with our in- spected, effective. These former col- countless meetings, hearings and trips telligence capabilities should give us power- leagues understand the risks of mili- around the globe focused on reducing the ful tools to achieve effective verification. tary action, and they are right. They threats posed by weapons of mass destruc- Opponents of this agreement have offered know this deal doesn’t rule out the use tion. The centerpiece of our efforts was the criticism that sanctions relief would provide of military force. The United States Nunn-Lugar Act, passed in 1991, which was Iran with additional resources that would can strike if we need to, but we must enable it to intensify its destabilizing behav- the basis for two decades of hard work that first try diplomacy. Since when are we resulted in the safeguarding and deactiva- ior in the region. This is a risk, but the argu- tion of more than 7,000 nuclear warheads, ment that this risk can be avoided or re- afraid of that? hundreds of missiles and bombers, and nu- duced by the defeat of this agreement rests We can try diplomacy because we are merous other elements of the former Soviet on a patently false assumption. Anyone be- the most powerful Nation on Earth. We Union’s WMD programs. lieving that the present effective economic should try diplomacy, and if it fails, we These experiences underscored for us that sanctions will be continued by Russia, China, always have all options on the table— arms control agreements are rarely finished India and other nations if Congress rejects as our President has said, as I have absolutes. Inevitably, their success depends this agreement is in a dream world. This said, as everyone has said. on many factors that play out after the agreement and the alliance that brought It is striking to me that we don’t Iran to the negotiating table through sanc- agreement is signed, including alliance cohe- have one Republican for this. I am kind sion, congressional funding for implementa- tions has focused on Iran’s nuclear activi- tion and the political will of the parties to ties, not its regional behavior, though both of amazed. All of the focus was on the ensure verification and enforcement. are serious dangers. This alliance could Democrats, really. A few are opposing Over the next several weeks, every member never have been brought or held together to and a vast majority are for it. of Congress will have the opportunity to pursue a broad, nuclear and regional agenda I am surprised that a Richard Lugar weigh the terms of the nuclear agreement on which alliance partners themselves couldn’t sway anybody, that a Colin against all viable alternatives. In our view, strongly disagree. Powell couldn’t sway anybody, that a the key questions regarding this agreement With or without this agreement, the U.S. John Warner couldn’t sway anybody, are: Will it stop Iran from obtaining a nu- must continue and intensify our efforts with clear weapon? What are the risks of going other partners to challenge and counter and, also, the religious communities forward with this agreement? And what are Iran’s destabilizing regional activities and across the United States apparently the risks if Congress rejects the agreement? strengthen our cooperation with Israel and aren’t swaying anybody. It is telling The plus-sides of this deal are clear. It in- the Gulf States. If this agreement is re- that 340 U.S. rabbis fear that if the cludes severe restrictions on uranium enrich- jected, both of these objectives become more United States rejects the deal: ‘‘. . . ment and plutonium production, required difficult. the outcome will be the collapse of the transparency into Iranian activities and in- Finally, and perhaps most importantly, international sanctions regime, an Ira- members of Congress must think long and spection provisions to assure the inter- nian race for nuclear weapons . . . national community that Iran’s nuclear pro- hard about the consequences if this agree- gram is, and remains, peaceful. Reports that ment is turned down. There is no escaping [and] isolation of Israel and the United Iran will simply inspect itself to address un- the conclusion that there will inevitably be States from international partners.’’ resolved allegations about its nuclear behav- grave implications for U.S. security and for There is also support from more than ior have been refuted by the head of the U.S. international leadership in the decades 53 Christian leaders and the United International Atomic Energy Agency, who ahead. Sanctions allies will go their own States Conference of Catholic Bishops, has stated that the arrangements are tech- way, reducing the effectiveness of our finan- who referred to Pope Francis’s hope for nically sound, consistent with the IAEA’s cial tools and leaving Iran in a stronger posi- a deal that he says is a ‘‘definitive step long-established practices and do not com- tion across the board. Any future effort by toward a more secure and fraternal promise IAEA safeguards standards in any this president or the next to assemble a way. Importantly, the agreement taken as a ‘‘sanctions coalition’’ relating to Iran or world.’’ whole will help deter Iranian cheating and other security challenges will be weakened. I don’t know why we haven’t been provide the means to detect violations in U.S. leadership, diplomacy and credibility, able to really see bipartisan support in time to take strong action if required. including efforts to achieve support for pos- the Senate. I am puzzled by it. I am Could we conceive a stronger deal? Of sible military action against Iran, will all be saddened by it. It appears to me this is course—that has been true of every arms severely damaged. political. President Obama wants it. He control negotiation. We have heard critics If, however, the Iran agreement is upheld worked hard for it. They don’t like it. suggest that Iran would have agreed to en- by Congress, the hard work of monitoring and enforcement is just beginning. This Con- This is what I think. tirely dismantle its nuclear enrichment fa- I may be wrong, but it is hard for me cilities and stop all activities related to its gress and future Congresses, as well as future civil nuclear program if only the U.S. had presidents, have a large and continuing role to imagine, with all of these solid Re- been tougher in negotiations. But had the to play in the decades ahead if ‘‘stopping the publicans in favor of this deal outside U.S. taken such an approach in the early Iranian bomb’’ is to become a reality. Con- of the Senate and the House, we cannot 1990s, we would not have encouraged and gress must insist that Iran be held to its seem to have bipartisanship. These helped Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and commitments while not obstructing the faith leaders are speaking on behalf of Belarus safely accelerate the destruction of agreement. The U.S. must make clear our their synagogues, on behalf their con- their weapons and materials of mass destruc- commitment to the security of our allies and gregations, and their faithful. They are friends in the Middle East, through security tion, and the risk of accidents or cata- speaking for so many Americans, so strophic terrorism would have been far high- assistance and a clear policy that Iranian er over the past 20 years. meddling in the region will be firmly re- many Americans who have prayed on Although there are no absolute guarantees, sisted. It must be clear which congressional this issue and have come to the conclu- nor can there be in diplomatic accords, our committees are responsible for oversight and sion that it is best for our Nation.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09SE6.001 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 Believe me, it is easier to say no. You human race, and we should do every- What I wanted to point out is exactly can always say: Well, I don’t like page thing in our power to avoid war. Now, that; that you do have a few Demo- 4, line 2. avoiding war does not mean giving up crats, I think four Democrats, who A deal by its very nature is not per- strength because, again, a military re- have come down ‘‘no,’’ but we don’t fect. It is not. That is why it is a deal. sponse to Iran is always on the table. have one Republican on the other side. Otherwise it would be a fiat. Oh, I want And if Iran violates the deal, the whole That was the only point I was making. this. OK. We make deals. We do it here world will know it. It will be right out So my colleague is right. You have all the time, but somehow this deal— there, and the whole world will stand bipartisanship, but I am asking where because it isn’t perfect and everyone with us in taking action. are the Republicans supporting this? It agrees it isn’t perfect—somehow we Diplomacy is the first resort; war is just seems odd to me. And to me it cannot seem to get bipartisanship. It the last resort. I have voted for war, does feel political from your side be- breaks my heart, frankly. OK. I said: Let’s go after bin Laden. I cause when you have Colin Powell, who Colleagues, this is really a major mo- voted for that war. It is easy to start, is for the agreement, and you have ment for us, as individuals and for our hard to end. John Warner and other Republicans— Nation. We will be judged on this vote, So, my colleagues, I will say it again. former ambassadors and military peo- and we should be judged on this vote. This is our chance, and this is our ple—it just seems odd. I was making We should be judged on votes that choice. History will judge us. that point. could lead to another war in the Middle With this one vote, we have the But my colleague is right. You do East. At least one of our colleagues on chance to seize a historic opportunity have bipartisan support on your side, the other side of the aisle admitted his to once again make America a shining and I am lamenting the fact that we truthful position. I respect that. He example of leadership. With this vote, don’t have it on ours because it doesn’t said we can ‘‘set Iran’s nuclear facili- we have a chance, a real chance, to feel right to me, having gone through ties back to day zero’’ using military make this world safer right now for our these debates in the past. force. children and our grandchildren. Mr. CORKER. I think in closing—I He is voting no on this agreement, I yield the floor. will leave the floor, so I am not burn- and anyone else who joins him should The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ing up any more of our time—but I know this: to walk away means Iran ator from Tennessee. think there are very legitimate con- could continue its nuclear program at Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I thank cerns about the fact we began this to will. This is not acceptable, and it the Senator from California for her dismantle Iran’s nuclear program, to means a path to war. service on the Foreign Relations Com- end their program, per the President, Let us not tiptoe around this. This mittee and her passionate comments. and by approval of this deal we actu- option, the option of no agreement, Obviously, I am in a very different ally are approving the industrialization isn’t going back to the bargaining place policywise than she is. of Iran’s nuclear program—the greatest table because everyone has said—very I do want to point out there is bipar- clearly, all our allies—they are not state sponsor of terror in the world. tisanship here. There is bipartisan dis- going back to the bargaining table. Obviously, that creates a lot of issues So we have no agreement, and to approval. While I know the Senator and concerns. That is why, I believe, walk away means the international from California knows a great deal we see so many people disapproving of sanctions collapse. If we think that we, about foreign policy, as she is the long- this agreement. ourselves, can now turn to our best est serving member on the committee, With that, Mr. President, I yield the friends and allies, such as the United the two who have spent more time floor. Kingdom, and say: Well, if you don’t go than anyone understanding the nature I suggest the absence of a quorum. along with us, we are not trading with of this deal, the impact it is going to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The you anymore—that is not going to hap- have on the region—more time because clerk will call the roll. pen. there has been more meetings with The senior assistant legislative clerk To walk away means Iran continues them—are the two Democrats, the proceeded to call the roll. its nuclear program because there ranking member today and the former Mr. CRUZ. Mr. President, I ask unan- won’t be a deal. To walk away means ranking member, who both oppose this. imous consent that the order for the we will find ourselves isolated from So there is bipartisanship. quorum call be rescinded. some of our best allies in the world. I don’t view this as political at all. I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Remember, 100 nations support this think we have been able to establish a objection, it is so ordered. deal, including the United Kingdom, strong bipartisan bill to vote on this. Mr. CRUZ. Mr. President, let’s start France, Germany, Australia, Japan, We have strong bipartisanship in both out with a little simple math: 58 to 42 and Canada. To walk away—I believe— bodies, I might say, in the House and is not a victory for the side with 42. means war, and the other side would the Senate, in opposing this. Even in the case of ObamaCare—a say: Oh, that is just a scare tactic. I hope what we will be able to do is truly disastrous piece of legislation It is not a scare tactic. If you cannot not cast aspersions about people’s mo- which was forced through the Congress go back to the negotiating table be- tives but really debate this on the sub- on purely partisan lines—that legisla- cause nobody is going back there with stance. tion received a majority. This isn’t you—you can go back. You will be If I could, and then I will be glad to even close. Because not only has the there by yourself. Iran walks away. take my colleague’s question. Republican caucus held firm and unani- They continue with their program, and Without objection, I would like to mously rejected this catastrophic deal, we are not going to stand for that. We yield the remainder of Republican time we have also been joined by colleagues have all said that. as in morning business in this manner: from across the aisle who are not blind- So to walk away, in my view, means 20 minutes to Senator CRUZ, who I ed by partisan politics and understand war. Because when we walk away, think will be here momentarily; 20 the threat that is posed by President there is no deal. Iran keeps its nuclear minutes to Senator MCCAIN; 15 minutes Obama’s proposed nuclear deal with program, and that cannot be allowed to to Senator VITTER; and 5 minutes to Iran. happen. Senator KIRK. I want to take a moment to acknowl- Another one of our colleagues whom I don’t want to burn up a lot of our edge them, as they are among those we serve with—and I have a lot of re- time, but if there is no objection. who know best how bad this deal is. spect for and a good friendship with— The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there First, Senator CHUCK SCHUMER of New one said: Bomb, bomb, bomb, bomb objection? York, who has been a long-time advo- Iran. Hearing none, it is so ordered. cate for the State of Israel. It is no se- You remember that. He is going to Mr. CORKER. I will be glad to take cret Senator SCHUMER and I have had vote no on this deal, and that is going my colleague’s question briefly, but I our disagreements on a great many to move us more toward his reality. don’t want to burn up a lot of our time. issues, but I have been proud to stand Wars are easy to start, and they are Mrs. BOXER. Briefly, this is not a with him for Israel and against this hard to end. Wars are a stain on the lot. Iranian nuclear deal, and I was proud

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.006 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6483 to stand with Senator SCHUMER when told us this is the only option; that it against efforts by the nation of Israel Congress voted unanimously on the is this deal, this catastrophic deal, or to stop a nuclear weapons regime. That legislation I introduced to ban a known war and that this is the very best deal is a remarkable commitment Senate terrorist—Hamid Aboutalebi, who par- we could have gotten. If that is so, we Democrats have signed on to. ticipated in the 1979 Iranian hostage- shouldn’t have been negotiating in the In addition, this terrible deal makes taking—from becoming Iran’s Ambas- first place. concessions to Iran completely unre- sador to the United Nations. Indeed, as Israel’s Prime Minister lated to the nuclear program. For ex- Senator BOB MENENDEZ of New Jer- Netanyahu noted, the one person tell- ample, it provides sanctions relief for sey, the former chairman of the For- ing the truth about this deal is Iran’s designated terrorists such as General eign Relations Committee, has like- President Ruhani, who observed that Suleimani, the head of the Iranian Rev- wise come out against this cata- Iran has gotten everything they want- olutionary Guard’s elite Quds Force, strophic deal. Senator MENENDEZ and I ed from this deal because this deal is, who should have no association with have worked together on a wide range as Prime Minister Netanyahu pre- the Iranian nuclear program whatso- of issues, including legislation to pro- dicted, a very bad deal and a historic ever. Iran and the Iranian regime vide a Rewards for Justice reward last mistake. maintain that the nuclear program is summer of $5 million for the capture or First and foremost, this terrible deal not a military program. Then why is a kill of the Hamas terrorist who mur- will not stop a virulently anti-Amer- military general covered in this agree- dered Israeli American teenager ican and anti-Israeli regime from get- ment—this man, General Suleimani, Naftali Fraenkel and his two teenage ting a nuclear bomb. The so-called Su- who has blood on his hands from the friends. preme Leader, the Ayatollah IEDs that he funneled into Iraq that Senator BEN CARDIN of Maryland, the Khamenei, declared that Israel—which murdered and maimed hundreds of ranking member of the Foreign Rela- he calls the Little Satan—would be American service men and women? tions Committee, whose name is on the nothing in 25 years and that those 25 And even while Iranians such as legislation on which we are scheduled years would be made miserable because Suleimani get relief, four Americans to vote this week. Certainly Senator of the heroic attacks of radical Islamic were cruelly excluded from this deal: CARDIN knows as much about this deal jihadists. America, he said, was the Pastor Saeed Abedini, an American cit- as anyone, and his opposition should Great Satan. He didn’t say this in 1979. izen imprisoned for 8 years in an Ira- make all Senators, particularly Demo- He tweeted it yesterday. nian prison for the crime of preaching cratic Senators, take note. This is the Ayatollah Khamenei, the the Gospel; former marine Amir Senator JOE MANCHIN of West Vir- person with whom the administration Hekmati; Washington Post reporter ginia, my colleague on the Senate is making a deal that facilitates his Jason Rezaian; and Bob Levinson. It is Committee on Armed Services, who un- having nuclear weapons. He is being a disgrace on our Nation that we derstands the threats to national secu- candid. He is telling us he intends to do agreed to any deal with Tehran before rity posed by this Iranian nuclear deal, everything possible to murder as many they were liberated. I was honored to work with him and Israelis as possible and to murder as Finally, this terrible deal provides have his support for the resolution I in- many Americans as possible. Iran with some $150 billion in economic troduced condemning Hamas’s use of President Obama’s deal, if it goes relief, which will inevitably be used to human shields during Israel’s action in through, will allow Khamenei and his finance the violent terrorist mayhem Gaza last summer—a disgusting ter- fellow mullahs to retain their cen- that has been a signature of the Is- rorist tactic that was aided and abet- trifuges. They have established their lamic Republic since the 1979 revolu- ted by Hamas’s Iranian sponsors. ‘‘right to enrich’’ uranium. They have tion. It will, in effect, make the U.S. Democrats should take note that the rejected attempts to inspect their sites Government the leading international ranking member on the Foreign Rela- with possible military dimensions re- financier of terrorism. We haven’t even tions Committee, the former ranking lated to their nuclear program. Indeed, voted yet on this deal, and we are al- member on the Foreign Relations Com- this deal is without any credible in- ready seeing the consequences play out mittee, and the Democrat scheduled to spection mechanism. in real time. Senior Iranian officials, be the next Democratic leader have all Not long ago, the administration was including Suleimani, who is tech- come out and valued national security promising the American people so- nically still under a U.N. travel ban, above partisan loyalty. That ought to called ‘‘anytime, anywhere inspec- have traveled to Moscow to make arms be reason to cause every other Demo- tions.’’ Those inspections quickly deals with Vladimir Putin—arms that cratic Member of this body to take a morphed into inspections with 24 days’ will flow to Iran’s terrorist proxies, second assessment of their own deci- advance notice—plenty of time to en- from Yemen to Gaza to Lebanon to sions. sure that the inspections will never un- Syria. Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad I also want to mention Senator CHRIS cover the cheating. has gotten an economic lifeline in the COONS of Delaware, who even though he But even more laughable, even more form of a $1 billion line of credit. Sen- plans, unfortunately, to vote in favor farcical, this deal doesn’t rely on ior Iranian officials have announced to of this deal, maintains it should go to American inspectors; it doesn’t rely on the media they will redouble their sup- a vote and not go into effect by default international inspectors. This deal port for Hamas because they ‘‘reject because the minority can block cloture trusts the Iranians to inspect them- the existence of any Israeli on this through a filibuster. In these dark selves. It is not much of an exaggera- earth.’’ times, it is at least encouraging to tion to say the inspection regime envi- If we want to understand who we are know there are still a handful of Demo- sioned in this deal is simply picking up dealing with, that clarifies exactly crats who, in the tradition of Scoop the phone, calling the Ayatollah what their intent is. In other words, Jackson, JFK, and Joe Lieberman, are Khamenei, and asking: Are you devel- the world’s leading state sponsor of willing to put country in front of oping nuclear weapons? No. Very good; terrorism, Iran, just got a $150 billion party, are willing to defend national thank you. windfall courtesy of the U.S. Govern- security. That used to be a robust tra- That is a regime designed to facili- ment. dition on the Democratic side of the tate cheating, to facilitate surrep- The grim consequences of this activ- aisle. I would that there were more titious development of nuclear weapons ity can be seen on our TV screens as we Scoop Jackson Democrats in the with $150 billion to fuel and fund that witness hundreds of thousands of pan- United States Senate. I would that development. icked refugees fleeing out of places there were more JFK Democrats in the Beyond that, the deal actually obli- where Iran’s proxies are active. Of United States Senate. I would that gates signatories to assist Iran in de- course, ISIS and its affiliates bear sig- there were more Joe Lieberman Demo- veloping their program, which, remark- nificant responsibility for this crisis. crats in the United States Senate. ably, the Secretary of State suggests But make no mistake about it; It is also telling that not a single Re- will be used to try to cure cancer, and, Tehran’s bloody fingerprints are all publican was persuaded by the Presi- even more remarkably, obligates sig- over it as well. From the Houthis to dent and Secretary of State when they natories to assist Iran in defending Hamas to Hezbollah, they are enabling

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.007 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6484 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 and financing the radical Islamic ter- colleague, former Senator Joe Lieber- Jews again is a nuclear Iran. Listen to rorists who are making life, from man, who said this may well be the Elie Wiesel. North Africa to the Middle East, ut- most important vote any Senator casts The single-most dangerous thing Iran terly untenable. They are murdering in his or her career. I implore every could do with a nuclear weapon is Christians and Jews and other Muslims Democrat who has come out in support launch it from a ship in the Atlantic who do not embrace their radical of this deal, search your conscience. into the atmosphere and set off an elec- jihadist dream. You can make a choice other than tromagnetic pulse, or an EMP, that This isn’t complicated. The American standing with your own party. You can would take down the electrical grid people know this is a terrible deal. stand up to your own party. Trust me; and could kill tens of millions of Amer- That is why President Obama has only I have done it myself. It is not the end icans. To every Democrat, listen to been able to persuade a minority of of the world. those voices. their duly elected representatives to I implore every Democrat: Go home Finally, if the Democrats refuse to support it. It is why, as Secretary and pray. Go home and ask yourself put our national security interests Kerry frankly admitted, they didn’t how you will look in the eyes of the first, then it will be incumbent on the even try to submit their deal to the mother or father whose son was blown next President to undo the damage. Senate as a treaty, as they should have to bits by an Iranian IED that came di- Any competent Commander in Chief done. They prefer to jam it through by rectly from General Suleimani, on should be prepared on the first day—on default or by Presidential veto—any- whom we are now lifting sanctions; January 20, 2017—to rip to shreds this thing to get what they believe will be how you will explain your vote that catastrophic Iranian deal and to make a domestic political legacy. How typ- ‘‘your son or daughter’s life didn’t mat- clear to the Ayatollah Khamenei and ical it is of the Washington cartel that ter enough to me, that I was willing to to every other jihadist that under no one-third of one House of Congress is reward their murderer.’’ I can tell you circumstances will the nation of Iran, trying to force this catastrophic deal that is not a conversation I would ever led by a theocratic Ayatollah who on our country. like to have. I ask every Democrat who chants ‘‘Death to America,’’ be allowed Yet even in the face of 42 Democrats has said they support this deal to ask to acquire nuclear weapons. making a decision to value partisan yourself that question. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. SUL- loyalty over the national security of I ask you to ask the question how LIVAN). The minority whip. our country, over standing with our you will look in the eyes of the moth- Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, what friend and ally the nation of Israel, and ers and fathers and sons and daughters time is remaining on the Democratic over protecting the lives of millions of of those who will be murdered by side? Americans—even in the face of that— Hamas, by Hezbollah, by the Houthis, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Thirty- there are still serious steps we can by radical Islamic terrorists across the six minutes. take right now. There are two individ- globe with the over $100 billion that Mr. DURBIN. How much on the other uals in Washington, DC, who have the this deal gives them. side? capacity still to stop this deal. Their Osama bin Laden murdered nearly The PRESIDING OFFICER. Forty- names are Majority Leader MITCH 3,000 people on September 11, 2001. Bin one minutes. MCCONNELL and Speaker of the House Laden never had $100 billion at his dis- Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I would JOHN BOEHNER. Corker-Cardin was, un- posal. This deal gives people every bit like to respond very briefly—very fortunately, a very weak piece of re- as evil, every bit as consumed with bil- briefly—before yielding to Senator view legislation, but it did have one ious hatred resources, billions of dol- NELSON of Florida. small bit of teeth in it that ought to be lars. And, if this deal goes through, we I would say to the junior Senator used. Under Corker-Cardin, the review know to an absolute certainty that from Texas that I hope he listened period does not start until the adminis- Americans will be murdered, Israelis carefully last Sunday when General tration submits the entirety of the deal will be murdered, and Europeans will Colin Powell, former Chairman of the to Congress. That entirety is defined be murdered. I ask every Democratic Joint Chiefs of Staff—a man who under Corker-Cardin to include any Member of this body to think before risked his life in battle for America, a and all side deals. you cast a vote: How will you look in man who served as Secretary of State This deal has at least two side deals the eyes of the children of those who under Republican President George W. with the IAEA concerning inspections. are murdered by terrorists who use the Bush—came forward and endorsed this It is the laughable inspection regime billions that this deal gives them to agreement that has been proposed be- that trusts the Iranians to inspect kill them? That is blood you can’t fore the Senate. So to suggest that themselves. Those side deals have not wash your hands of. When you know- General Powell and so many others are been submitted to Congress. Under the ingly and willingly send billions of dol- not aware of the security aspects of terms of Corker-Cardin, the review pe- lars to jihadists who have declared this agreement I don’t believe is a fair riod has not started and does not start their intention to murder us, there is characterization. General Powell and until the entire deal is submitted to no excuse you can hide behind when others understand better than I can, Congress, and the President cannot lift they carry through on the intention better than the Senator from Texas these sanctions until the review period using the billions of dollars you have can what it means to face these secu- expires. given. rity issues. I would like to quote what So therefore, I call upon the leader- And, if—God forbid—Iran ever ac- he said. He said that ‘‘with respect to ship of my party—Leader MCCONNELL, quires a nuclear weapon, the odds are the Iranians, don’t trust, never trust, Speaker BOEHNER—simply to enforce unacceptably high they would, No. 1, and always verify.’’ So he comes to his the terms of Corker-Cardin. The ad- use that nuclear weapon above our conclusion supporting this agreement ministration has not submitted the friend and ally the nation of Israel. For with the same degree of skepticism deal. Accordingly, we should not be every Democrat who maintains he or that many of us do. voting on a resolution of disapproval she is a friend of Israel, you need to be I would not discount for a minute because the Corker-Cardin clock never prepared to explain how you facilitated some of the activities that have been began to start, and under Corker- a day that could see a nuclear warhead cataloged by the junior Senator from Cardin, until the clock starts, the sanc- detonating over Tel-Aviv, murdering Texas when it comes to Iran, but if you tions can’t be lifted. millions. think those were terrible—and they Republicans in this body should not When Prime Minister Netanyahu were—imagine Iran with a nuclear be facilitating this President’s yet spoke to a joint session of Congress, I weapon. That is what is at stake in this again disregarding the law and doing so participated in a panel discussion that debate. Currently Iran has the capacity in contravention of the national secu- my office organized with Elie Wiesel, a to build 10 nuclear weapons—10. We rity interests of this country. Nobel laureate who survived the Holo- want to stop them from doing that, put Two final observations: If and when caust, and when Elie Wiesel says inspectors in place. So when you list we vote on this deal, for every Member ‘‘never again,’’ it means never again. the litany of horrors coming out of of this body, I agree with my former The one threat that could kill 6 million Iran’s terrorist activities, imagine

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.009 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6485 those activities with a nuclear weapon. clared site, Arak, they are going to fill uranium or plutonium. The half-life of Our goal is to stop the development of it up with concrete, and all of the ex- this stuff is thousands of years. You a nuclear weapon in Iran. isting plutonium is going to be shipped can’t paint over it. You can’t asphalt I yield the floor to the Senator from out of the country. I hope we are going over it. We will find it because the ra- Florida. to have lots of pictures of that as they dioactivity will be there. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- do this. If they cheat, what happens? The fact ator from Florida. Oh, by the way, as they shut down that we have caused them to reduce all Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I will this program—talking about this of these things that I have mentioned vote for the joint agreement. I want money which is held in the banks of means we have a year in advance to the Senate and my colleagues from five foreign countries, which is the Ira- deal with it, whether it is a military Florida to understand. I gave a lengthy nian oil money they will eventually strike, whether it is the sanctions speech as to why I would support this get—you hear all these figures: 150, 100. going back into place. some 5 weeks ago, in the early part of When you subtract the Iranian obliga- By the way, this is structured so that August before we adjourned. Indeed, I, tions, the net amount is still a lot of the United Nations sanctions go right like most every other Senator here, money—$56 billion—but they don’t get back into place. You say: How in the feel this is one of the most important that until they do all of this. And when world can you do that? The U.N. Secu- votes we will cast. I bring to the table is that going to be? It will probably be rity Council—any one of those other the attempted insight given the fact of a year from now before they ever get countries, such as China or Russia, can 6 years being a member of the Intel- the money that is held in the banks of object. ligence Committee and now having the Japan, South Korea, China, India, and No, that is not how this deal is struc- privilege of being a senior member of Taiwan, banks that are in countries tured. With the United States saying the Senate Armed Services Committee. that need oil, that want Iranian oil, es- the sanctions go back—by ourselves—if The question is, Does this agreement pecially if in the future Iran sells them they have cheated, the economic sanc- prevent Iran from having a nuclear oil at discounted prices. Do you think tions of the P5+1—the UK, France, Ger- bomb? That is the essential question. those banks, those countries are going many, China, Russia, and the United Does this agreement do that? This is to keep that money if we walk away States—go back into place. not an agreement to stop the bad be- from this deal? No. The sanctions are So we are going to have a year ad- havior of Iran, which, of course, I wish going to dissipate. The money is going vance if they are cheating. Compare we could. This is not a question of to flow. that, please, to if we walk away from whether we are going to get Iran to Thank goodness, because of the joint the deal today. They can have a nu- suddenly change its attitude about agreement, that money is not going to clear bomb within a few months, and Israel, which I wish we could. This is a flow—probably a year from now—until the sanctions of our allies will dis- question of preventing Iran from build- they have done all of these things that sipate because they have all told us ing and producing a nuclear bomb. I be- are required in the agreement of dis- they will dissipate if we walk away lieve this agreement does it, and I be- mantling their program. from the deal. lieve it does it at both the declared What this agreement does is it vastly I will conclude with this: If this Sen- sites and a future cheating at a covert reduces their ability to produce a bomb ator knows that we are in a situation site. Now, there are three declared unless they cheat. Let’s talk about where if we reject the deal, Iran is sites. Those are going to be completely that. Now, I said from the very begin- going to have a nuclear bomb in a few dismantled. The whole program is ning—and this was part of my speech 5, months as opposed to any prospect in going to be dismantled. 6 weeks ago. President Reagan said the future of them having a nuclear This is misunderstood when you talk ‘‘trust, but verify’’ in dealing with the bomb with us having a year’s advance about their centrifuges, of which they Soviet Union. I say don’t trust, but notice but the likelihood that it is 10, have the generation of centrifuge that verify. So the whole point is that if we 15, 20, 25 years—this Senator feels that is very modernized. All of those are think they are going to cheat—and I the world is going to be a very different going to be cut in a third, from ap- can tell you that this Senator thinks place in 15 to 20 years and that for the proximately 19,000, and they are all they are going to try to cheat, al- protection of the interests of the going to be first-generation, which is though I think they clearly are going United States and our allies right now, not the modernized centrifuges. That is to comply with this. And I think the including our strong ally Israel, it is one thing. But also they have 12,000 outset—the preamble of the agreement important that Iran not have a nuclear kilograms of enriched uranium. Do you says that it is understood that Iran weapon, that we are dealing with an know how much that is? That is over 13 will never have a nuclear weapon. Iran that does not have a nuclear weap- tons, to put it in the lingo Americans Never ever. But are some elements of on in the immediate future and instead understand. That is going to be reduced their society, their government, going that we penetrate their society with a under this agreement by 98 percent to to try to cheat? This Senator thinks much better understanding with them 300 kilograms—in other words, less they will. Can we catch them? Well, I not having the capability of a nuclear than one-fifth to make a bomb. And by think we clearly will. weapon until years and years in the fu- the way, that enriched uranium is First of all, we are going to have a ture. going to be cut down not to 90 percent lot more insight into their attempted For all of those reasons—and you can to build a bomb but 3.67 percent en- nuclear program than we do now. And tell this is coming right out of my riched uranium. by the way, we have a vast intelligence heart and is not some written, read Also, going forward, we are going to network out there, along with our al- speech—it is in the interest of the have the inspection from cradle to lies, that will penetrate. But on top of United States that this Senator will grave, from the very uranium mines that, other than the three declared vote to support the deal. where they dig up the uranium rocks, sites of Iraq, Natanz, and Fordow, I yield the floor. to the processing, which is crushing it which will all be dismantled in the re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- into the yellowcake—we are going to ductions that I just mentioned—we will ator from Arizona. have constant surveillance of all of have immediate access to those sites. Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I ask this—taking the yellowcake, making it Any other site that we suspect, that we unanimous consent to address the Sen- into a gas, putting that gas into cen- say we want to inspect, the max that ate as in morning business for such trifuges, and spinning it so that the they can rope-a-dope us is 24 days. time as I may consume. uranium comes out of the gas in more So if they are trying to cheat, could The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without concentrated forms, and in the cascade they do a nuclear detonator? Probably. objection, it is so ordered. of these centrifuges, then bringing it But can they build a bomb? The answer Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, in re- down to the enriched uranium in order is no. Why is it no without us knowing? sponse to the Senator from Florida’s— to make a bomb. Because when that site is suspected I am sure heartfelt—remarks, only 21 The same thing with plutonium. and we go in and have the inspection, percent of the American people agree What about plutonium? In the one de- you cannot hide energized, enriched with his stated position there, and I am

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.011 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6486 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 sure he will hear from his constituents, this year alone, including 3-year-old Another Syria Failure as he should. Aylan Kurdi. Aylan grew up in the Syr- It’s hard to believe, but the debacle that is I did not come to the floor this morn- ian city of Kobani, a city situated on the Obama Administration’s Syria policy ing to talk about the agreement. I will the border of Turkey, which in recent could get worse. U.S. sources have been leak- save my remarks, which I have been years has been under siege by ISIL ing that Russia may be preparing for a major asked to make, for this afternoon. military deployment to keep Bashar Assad militants and the Assad regime. Facing in power in Damascus. By some reports REFUGEE CRISIS AND AMERICAN LEADERSHIP increasing turmoil and unrest, Aylan’s quoting Western diplomats, a Russian expe- Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I call at- father, Abdullah, and mother, Rehen, ditionary force is already in Syria preparing tention to the urgent refugee crisis did what any parent would do for their for the arrival of jets and attack helicopters that is happening in our midst. Men, children. They attempted to move to carry out strikes against Islamic State women, and children are fleeing by the Aylan and his 4-year-old brother Galip . . . Mr. Assad is a Russian ally, and Vladi- thousands from the violence and de- to a safer home. Abdullah arranged for mir Putin isn’t about to let the Syrian gov- struction that has engulfed the Middle his family to board a boat bound for ernment fall without a bigger fight. Like so much else in the Middle East, President East and North Africa. This crisis Sweden by way of Greece, a trip that Obama has created an opening for this Rus- didn’t come out of nowhere like an many of his fellow Syrians have at- sian intervention by minimizing U.S. inter- earthquake or a tornado. Instead, it is tempted over the years. But when the ests in the outcome of Syria’s civil war. He the predictable result of this adminis- Kurdi family met their smugglers in has refused to offer more than token help to tration’s policies of leading from be- Turkey, they were surprised how pro-Western Syrians, thus ceding the battle- hind as conflicts metastasized in the crowded the small, flimsy fiberglass ground to radical Islamists or the Assad- vacuum created through years of inac- boat was. Despite repeated questions Russia-Iran-Hezbollah axis. Don’t expect a decline in the flow of refugees anytime soon. tion by President Obama and a total about the safety of the voyage, the lack of American leadership. This did smugglers assured Abdullah they would Just a few months after the revolu- tion in Syria began in 2011, President not happen by accident. It happened be OK. Obama issued his Presidential Study because of leading from behind. It hap- Shortly into the trip, the waters be- Directive stating: ‘‘Preventing mass pened because this President has re- came increasingly rough, crashing into atrocities and genocide is a core na- fused to lead. When a vacuum is cre- the boat and rocking it back and forth tional security interest and a core ated, this is the predictable result until it capsized, launching the pas- moral responsibility of the United which many of us predicted. sengers—including Aylan, his mother, As we know, the vast majority of and 4-year-old brother—into the rough States.’’ He went on to say: ‘‘Our security is these refugees are from Syria, a coun- waters. Despite Abdullah’s strongest affected when masses of civilians are try which has known little but death attempts, he was unable to save his slaughtered, refugees flow across bor- and destruction for 4 years as a mur- family. ders, and murderers wreak havoc on re- This photo, which was taken shortly derous dictatorship and a homicidal gional stability and livelihoods.’’ cult have fought a war against a com- after Aylan’s dead body was washed In 2013, President Obama, speaking at mon enemy, the Syrian people. As ashore, has opened the world’s eyes to the U.S. Holocaust Museum, said: ‘‘Too Assad and ISIL fight to rule, cruelty this devastating crisis. Within hours of often, the world has failed to prevent and atrocity reign. this photo being posted, people across the killing of innocents on a massive According to the United Nations Ref- the world began to share it on social scale. And we are haunted by the atroc- ugee Agency, about 63 percent of Euro- media using a hashtag in Arabic that ities that we did not stop and the lives pean asylum seekers in the past 2 years translates to ‘‘humanity washed we did not save.’’ are Syrians, but the truth is, the ref- ashore.’’ This image has haunted the In a 2013 address to the U.N. General ugee crisis is much bigger than what world, but what should haunt us even Assembly, President Obama said: we are seeing today in Europe. Since more than the horror unfolding before [T]he principle of sovereignty is at the cen- 2011, well over 200,000 Syrians have our eyes is the thought that the United ter of our international order. But sov- been killed, 1 million injured, 8 million States will continue to do nothing ereignty cannot be a shield for tyrants to displaced, 4 million forced to seek ref- meaningful about it. commit wanton murder, or an excuse for the uge abroad in countries such as Tur- The conflicts in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, international community to turn a blind key, Jordan, Lebanon, and Egypt Yemen, and elsewhere in the Middle eye. While we need to be modest in our belief where the situation is not much better. East and North Africa that have taken that we can remedy every evil, while we need the lives of Aylan and countless other to be mindful that the world is full of unin- The United Nations has described this tended consequences, should we really accept crisis as ‘‘the greatest humanitarian desperate refugees are not only a the notion that the world is powerless in the crisis tragedy of our times.’’ threat to our security, but a crisis of face of a Rwanda, or Srebrenica? If that’s the As conditions at refugee camps in the conscience. They challenge the moral world that people want to live in, they region continue to deteriorate with fabric of our Nation and the foundation should say so, and reckon with the cold logic overcrowding, disease, violence, and of global leadership. Let’s be clear. The of mass graves. exploitation, those who can are at- current crisis before us is not a mi- I strongly suggest, given the fact tempting to escape further west to grant issue. They are not migrants. Mi- that there is no policy, no strategy, safer places in Europe. The United Na- grants leave for economic reasons. It is and no effective way of stemming this tions estimates that at least 850,000 a mass exodus of refugees who are flee- horror, that the President of the people will seek refuge in Europe be- ing conflicts that this administration United States should say so and reckon tween 2015 and 2016. About a quarter of has refused to address for years. As the with the cold logic of mass graves. them will be children. These children U.N. High Commissioner stated last That was our President. By the way, I are increasingly leaving their families week: ‘‘This is a primarily refugee cri- agree with every word he said, but how and homes to make dangerous journeys sis, not only a migration phenomenon. can the American people reconcile by sea and land. While they are risking The vast majority of those arriving in these words with pictures of dead chil- their lives to escape the threat of ab- Greece come from conflict zones like dren and desperate refugees literally duction, sexual abuse, torture and mur- Syria, Iraq or Afghanistan and are sim- running for their lives? How can Presi- der, they face an entirely new set of ply running for their lives.’’ dent Obama say it is our moral obliga- threats on this desperate journey for I say to the media: Stop calling them tion to do what we can to prevent the asylum. Many are on traversing unsafe migrants. They are not migrants. They worst atrocities in our world but refuse routes, suffering from starvation, fac- are refugees who are attempting to es- to do anything to stop the atrocities ing the threat of human trafficking, cape from torture, murder, killing, and that are occurring every single day in enduring debilitating psychological genocide. Statements and images like Syria and across the Middle East? trauma, and, of course, many are these should not just be a source of Where is that President Obama dying. heartbreak and sympathy; they should today? Where is the President Obama The U.N. Refugee Agency has stated be a call to action. The following quote who has spoken so movingly of the that about 2,600 people have died while is from the Wall Street Journal edi- moral responsibilities that great power attempting to cross the Mediterranean torial this morning. confers?

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.013 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6487 Unfortunately, the administration is man named Winston Churchill—who upon Iran were directed at their nu- still ‘‘considering a range of options’’— was shunned by his colleagues and ridi- clear program, not their support for I am not making this up—to respond to culed in the House of Commons for his Hezbollah or their detainment of hos- this issue, a National Security Council constant speaking and warning—in one tages or any other malevolent behavior spokesman stated this week. In the of my favorites of the appearances he in the region. Why? Because we had a meantime, the President and his cabi- made in the House of Commons before whole different set of sanctions on that net officials continue to push through his fellow citizens, he said: activity. an agreement that legitimatizes Iran, And do not suppose this is the end. This is But now there is all sorts of Sturm which is not only the leading state only the beginning of the reckoning. This is und Drang in Congress over the idea sponsor of terror in the world, but the only the first sip, the first foretaste of a bit- that this deal represents a give-and- patron of the Assad regime responsible ter cup which will be proffered to us year by take between the United States and for the deaths of hundreds of thousands year unless by a supreme recovery of moral Iran. Why didn’t we get everything, a of innocent Syrians. After this deal, health and martial vigour, we arise again lot of people are asking; and the failure and take our stand for freedom as in olden of this agreement to settle all our dis- Iran’s power in the region will only be time. enhanced, and it is safe to assume that putes with Iran at once—but they still Mr. President, I yield the floor. it will use the billions of dollars in do bad stuff, people say. I view these The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- sanctions relief to boost arms supplies protests largely as cover for a ‘‘no’’ ator from Connecticut. vote that is likely about something to Iran’s terrorist proxies, to sow chaos Mr. MURPHY. Mr. President, I come else because we always knew this was and instability across the region, and to the floor to speak to the nuclear going to be a negotiation. We can com- to prop up Assad right when he needs it agreement with Iran. First, having just plain about the end balance, but we most. can’t engage in a straight-faced argu- As the administration stands by, come back from the region after hav- ment about the outrageousness of Iran Russia is capitalizing on America’s in- ing spent Sunday morning in one of the getting to keep a few centrifuges. And action to provide additional support for biggest refugee camps inside Syria— we can all rage about Iran’s support for the Assad regime. According to numer- where 80,000, more than half of them terrorism or their dangerous talk ous press reports, Russia is estab- children under the age of 18, with more than 250 every day leaving the camp about our sacred ally, Israel, but we all lishing a base at an airfield near an passed sanctions bills knowing they Assad stronghold in western Syria. because they have lost hope and they are, frankly, more willing to live inside were about their nuclear program, not Russia could soon deploy 1,000 or more all of these other activities. Thus, it military personnel into Syria to con- a dangerous Syria with their lives in danger than to continue to live inside must stand to reason that these sanc- duct air operations in support of tions would be removed if Iran came to Assad’s forces. of this camp—let me associate myself with the imperative that Senator the table and satisfied our concerns Our government is doing what it has about their nuclear program, not our sadly done too often in the past, reced- MCCAIN laid before us, that we can do more. I don’t agree with his diagnosis concerns about everything else they do ing our strength and averting our eyes. that is terrible. We try to comfort our guilty con- of how we got here, nor will I likely agree with his solution in terms of pre- Peace is never perfect. Diplomacy is, sciences by telling ourselves that we frankly, mostly ugly, but it matters. are not doing nothing, but it is a claim scriptions to solve the problem, but I certainly agree that this body and the Because why on Earth do we spend $500 made in bad faith, for everyone con- billion every year on the world’s big- administration should be standing up cedes that nothing we are doing is gest, baddest, most capable military and bearing our share of the burden equal to the horrors we face. We are force if we aren’t willing to use it? I when it comes to this humanitarian telling ourselves: We’re too tired or don’t mean use it in the way that Sen- crisis, having seen it now firsthand for weary to get more involved, that this ator GRAHAM or Senator COTTON may myself. is not our problem, that helping to re- mean ‘‘use it,’’ I mean use it by enter- Peace is a messy business. As solve this crisis is not our responsi- ing into peaceful agreements that are Yitzhak Rabin said upon the recogni- bility, and that there are no options to held in place by the threat of over- tion of the PLO—a really hard thing end the conflicts around the world whelming U.S. military force. Our today. The truth is there was plenty for the Israelis to do—he said, ‘‘You planes and our bombs and our brigades, that could have been done to avoid the don’t make peace with your friends, these are the muscle that ensures that devastation unfolding before our eyes you make it with very unsavory en- agreements are lived up to, not the in 2011, in 2012, in 2013, in 2014. And emies.’’ It makes sense, right? The def- muscle that substitutes for a diplo- there is still more we can do today to inition of peace is the settlement of old matic agreement. America, more than respond to this growing crisis. disputes or even just one big dispute any other country in the world, can af- My friends, my colleagues, my fellow with someone with whom one has a ford to take a diplomatic risk because Americans, I fear the longer this vio- long history of disagreement or con- we can clean it up fast if it goes wrong. lence goes on, the more difficult it will flict. And unless peace comes from un- Now, I don’t think this agreement is be to bring it to an end. Failing to do conditional surrender—and that frank- going to go wrong, but I sure like so will leave a dangerous vacuum that ly doesn’t happen very much in the knowing that a bunker-busting bomb is enables extremism and instability to postnuclear age—then peace by nature waiting in the wings if it does. And I grow and provides terrorists the space, is going to be a compromise. It doesn’t will sleep better at night knowing that resources, and recruits they need to come from one side getting everything by agreeing to this deal, we are keep- wreak havoc on the region and threat- it wants. Thus, by definition, it is ing together an unprecedented inter- en the United States of America. going to feel fairly unsatisfactory. national coalition that will stand with It is not too late. We must not avert I say this because viewing the Iran us if we need to drop that bomb—some- our eyes from Aylan and the millions deal through that prism allows me to thing they would not do if we dropped of other refugees running for their understand why so many people are it without this agreement. lives. We must commit to a strategy to voting no, and it allows me to under- This body often seems to forget that defeat the malign forces in the region stand why many of those who are vot- American power is not simply exer- that are sowing chaos and mass de- ing yes took a long time to get there, cised through the blunt force of mili- struction. Failing to act now leaves us but what I have trouble understanding tary power. And President Obama, with even fewer options to rectify this is all of the revisionist history that is frankly, is not the first President to be terrible chapter in our history. crowding this Chamber right now. I pressed by hawks in Congress, and out- Speaking of history, I am a student don’t think there is a single Member of side of Congress, to forsake diplomacy of history. I don’t believe there are the Senate who didn’t in principle sup- in favor of war. exact parallels in American history, port the idea of negotiating an end to In the first meeting with legislative but there are certain areas where a Iran’s nuclear weapons program. And I leaders after the announcement of Rus- failure to lead leads to catastrophic don’t remember anyone who didn’t un- sian missiles inside Cuba, the bipar- consequences. In 1938, on October 5, a derstand that the sanctions we layered tisan congressional leadership, meeting

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Before this deal, the only way Iran down a path that is even more worked out a peaceful solution to the we knew what was going on in the nu- dangerous—hard to believe—than the Cuban Missile Crisis that history looks clear program was through covert sur- path they are on today. very kindly upon. veillance. After the deal, we are going Lastly, the United States would just President Reagan, upon signing the to have a network of inspectors crawl- become an international pariah. With IMF treaty with Russia, leaned over to ing over every inch of their nuclear all of our partners at the negotiating Gorbachev as they announced the deal program to make sure they aren’t table, almost every nation around the and said: ‘‘The hardliners in both our cheating. world supporting this agreement, what countries are bleeding when we shake Second, our Arab partners whom we would it say if the U.S. Congress hands today.’’ Hawks in Congress visited within the region know that all walked away? Our power as a nation didn’t want an agreement with our of the problems in the region can’t be would be irreparably damaged. sworn enemy, Russia. They didn’t un- solved without Iran at the table, and Now, I heard Senator CRUZ on the derstand why we signed a nuclear while they aren’t sure this agreement floor earlier today chastising Demo- agreement with a country that was by itself will draw Iran into peaceful crats, yelling at us, about how could still out for American blood on so negotiations over Syria or Yemen or we live with ourselves doing a deal many other fronts. But history tells us Iraq—and I think none of us can be with our mortal enemy Iran. So let me that the IMF treaty was an important sure that is how this will play out— ask him and others who oppose this piece of our strategy to weaken they are certain that a rejection of the agreement, with the rhetoric that he hardliners inside Russia and open that agreement by the United States Con- uses, a question in return: How could country to reform. gress will virtually guarantee that Iran opponents of this deal live with them- I hear this analogy to 1938 and Mu- will not come to the table. They talk selves if a rejection of this deal would nich almost every day, and it doesn’t openly about fearing a newly isolated result in, No. 1, Iran restarting its nu- just come with respect to this agree- Iran, the rejection of this agreement clear program; No. 2, sanctions dra- ment. Almost every time we sit across empowering the hardliners, punishing matically weakening; No. 3, inspec- the table from someone we have a dis- the moderates, and pushing Iran away tions ending; and, No. 4, hard-liners agreement with, the claim is that it is from any constructive dialogue in the being in power inside Iran? Munich all over again, but Munich is region. Our Arab partners don’t love The fact is that many Republicans the exception, not the rule. There are the terms of this agreement any more opposed this agreement before they plenty more diplomatic agreements to than the U.S. Senate does, but they read it. Senator CRUZ opposed it within avert war that went right rather than know the alternative—a retrenched an hour of its announcement. So I those that went wrong. It doesn’t mean Iran with a green light to start back up don’t know how some opponents of this we don’t use 1938 as a caution, but it their nuclear program—is the most deal can live with themselves having doesn’t mean it is an automatic par- dangerous outcome of all. made a political decision to oppose the allel to every single time we are trying Our partners understand what sup- most important diplomatic agreement to settle our disputes with an adver- porters of the deal understand; that that most of us will vote on during our sary at the negotiating table rather this idea that if Congress were to reject time here. than through the means of arms. the agreement, we could come back to This is not a perfect deal, but no dip- Our partners in the Middle East the table and get a better one is pure lomatic agreement ever is. Peace, as largely get this. I just returned from fiction. It is pure political fiction made the great Israeli leader Yitzhak Rabin this trip, as I mentioned, to the re- up by people who don’t want to sound told us, is never easy. History almost gion—Qatar, UAE, Iraq, Kuwait, and like they don’t have an alternative always judges that it is worthwhile. Jordan—with Senator PETERS. In every plan, when they really don’t. No one I yield the floor. country we visited, we heard about with any credible diplomatic experi- I suggest the absence of a quorum. Iran’s dangerous activity in the region, ence in the Middle East believes that The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. including support for the Houthis in Iran will come back to the table if Con- ERNST). The clerk will call the roll. Yemen, funding Shiite militias in Iraq, gress rejects this deal, and our inter- The bill clerk proceeded to call the propping up the murderous Bashar al national partners have told us to our roll. Assad in Syria, pumping money into face that they will not come back to Mr. VITTER. Madam President, I ask Hezbollah and Hamas to threaten the table if we reject this deal. A better unanimous consent that the order for Israel, but despite these provocations, deal is fantasy, plain and simple. the quorum call be rescinded. every Arab political leader whom we Here is what happens. Here is what The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without met with—every single one—supports really happens if Congress rejects this objection, it is so ordered. this agreement. They give two basic deal that is supported by all of our ne- Mr. VITTER. Madam President, I rise reasons, and I want to share them be- gotiating partners—Britain, France, to urge all of our colleagues, Repub- cause they mirror the reasons for my Germany, China, Russia—the entirety licans and Democrats, to strongly op- support as well. of the Security Council and all of our pose the proposed nuclear deal with First, they know that no matter how Arab partners in the region. What hap- Iran and to effectively block it for the dangerous Iran is today, they shudder pens is that Iran starts back up their sake of the country and our national to think how much more dangerous nuclear program, centrifuges climb to security by supporting the motion of Iran would be if they possessed a nu- 25,000, 30,000, enrichment gets closer to disapproval on the Senate floor. clear weapon. They believe, as I do, the level necessary for a bomb, the in- I have served in the Senate and the that this agreement is the best way to spectors get kicked out—our eyes on a House for about 15 years. It has been an keep Iran from obtaining a nuclear nuclear program disappear—and sanc- enormous honor and a serious responsi- weapon, and they support it, to a coun- tions fray at first and likely fall apart bility. I have taken it very seriously. try, first and foremost for that reason. over time and Iran gets everything it When I think through all of that serv- Before this deal, Iran had 19,000 cen- wants. It gets its nuclear program and ice, all of the votes we have cast, all of trifuges spinning. After it, they are it gets sanctions relief. What a cata- the debates we have had, I cannot going to have just a few thousand. Be- strophic outcome that would be. think of any more serious than the fore this deal, Iran was enriching up to But as bad as that reality would be, issue we are debating and voting on 20 percent and was only a few months it actually gets worse. We know the here, the Iran nuclear deal. Maybe from being able to enrich to a level in hardliners have been marginalized as a there are a few that rank in a similar which they could get on a pathway to result of this deal, and the moderates, way—after 9/11, starting that effort to

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.016 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6489 root out terrorists and to oppose those reason we all must say no and pass the siding Officer and me and others per- who inflicted massive death in our motion of disapproval. sonally. It is not about that. We are country—but there is none that is more If there is any region of the world here to represent the people. I am here important and more significant be- where we need to maintain this tough to represent the people of Louisiana. I cause this deal, this issue goes to the nonproliferation policy, it is the Mid- cannot read what we are voting on? fundamental security of America, our dle East. This agreement obliterates That is absolutely ridiculous. future. Are we going to be free from that. Iran won’t be the only new nu- Then, to add insult to injury, come the threat of attack with nuclear weap- clear power over time. There will be a press reports about what we are not al- ons by a wildly radical and unstable re- race among Middle Eastern countries lowed to read. Of course, the most sig- gime? It does not get more basic, more to develop nuclear weapons because nificant were the press reports from serious than that. Iran is going to get one. That is inevi- several weeks ago from the AP saying The first point I want to make is that table, in my mind. that this side agreement had an ex- this is a dead-serious issue because the The second major point I want to tremely unusual provision with regard consequences do involve life or death, make—the second major issue is verifi- to inspections at at least one of Iran’s massive numbers of lives or deaths. So cation, our ability under the agree- most sensitive military facilities—the if there is any debate, any vote that ment to see that Iran lives by it. First, biggest concern we have probably in all should be completely devoid of par- as I said, even under the agreement, we of Iran. In at least that most sensitive tisan political considerations, it is this are conceding their ability to develop military facility and perhaps others, one. I urge all of our colleagues on both nuclear weapons. That is absolutely Iran gets to collect the samples. Iran sides of the aisle to leave the partisan- wrong. But then within the agreement, gets to choose and control those who ship at the door. This is way more im- we also have nothing near the tools do. The IAEA, the international com- portant than that. I would hope that and the assurances we need with regard munity, and America do not and are would be obvious. to verification every step of the way. not allowed on site. That just does not With that in mind, it is troubling Iran has proved over and over that pass, I would say, the laugh test. But it that President Obama has tried to they will violate these sorts of agree- is a very serious matter. That is like make this a partisan debate. He has ac- ments, that they will lie. International someone like Alex Rodriguez collecting tively, obviously sought to inflict par- agencies have caught them in those his own urine and mailing it in. That tisanship into it, I think simply be- lies, including the IAEA. That agency does not work at a basic level. Yet cause that is the way he thinks he can and others have noted the difficulty of that, according to very credible re- hold enough Democratic votes on his verification in dealing with Iran. Then ports, is in this side agreement that, side. I think that is really a shame. I we get to this agreement, which makes oh, by the way, we are not allowed to hope everyone proves him wrong in that difficulty move from significant read. terms of the nature of the debate and to monumental. For all of these reasons, for our secu- vote we have in this important body. There are lots of details we could rity, for our kids’ future, for freedom When you look at the agreement, at look at, but the single most telling is around the world, for Israel’s security, the specifics of the agreement—I will the detail that is in a side agreement for nonproliferation in the Middle East not go into all of the weeds and all of between Iran and the IAEA that we are so that we do not have an explosive the issues. I could spend days alone on not allowed to read. We are having this Middle Eastern nuclear arms race, we that. But I do want to focus on two key debate. We have to vote on this motion must pass this motion of disapproval. considerations that are absolutely top of disapproval. Yet we are not allowed Again, this goes way beyond politics. in my mind. to read this critical side agreement This is about our physical security, our The first is the very premise and out- which goes to the heart of the ability kids’ and grandkids’ future. We must come of the agreement because we of the world to verify compliance. all come together, look at the sub- have gone from a negotiation that was I brought up this fairly basic issue a stance of this, and do the right thing. supposed to be about preventing Iran few weeks ago when Wendy Sherman, That certainly involves invoking clo- from ever developing nuclear weapons Under Secretary of State for Political ture on this motion so we go to a final to a discussion of when they are going Affairs, testified before our committee vote. I believe that clearly involves to do it. We have gone from if to when. on banking and urban affairs. I asked passing this motion of disapproval. I This agreement ensures that they will her point-blank: This side agreement urge all of our colleagues to do exactly have the ability to get there even if between the IAEA and Iran, have you that. they live under the full terms of the read it? I suggest the absence of a quorum. agreement, and obviously there is a She answered: Yes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The concern, which I will get to in my sec- I will be honest with you, I am not clerk will call the roll. ond point, that they won’t. This puts certain if that is true, but she an- The bill clerk proceeded to call the our nuclear nonproliferation policy, in- swered yes. roll. cluding the nonproliferation treaty, Then I asked her: Am I, as a rep- Mrs. SHAHEEN. Madam President, I which has been the cornerstone of our resentative of the people of Louisiana, ask unanimous consent that the order policy regarding the proliferation of allowed to read that agreement? for the quorum call be rescinded. nuclear weapons and particularly in She answered through nonresponses: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the Middle East for 45 years—this No. objection, it is so ordered. throws it out the window. This puts it I asked her: Do you have to vote on Mrs. SHAHEEN. Madam President, on its head. this agreement in your responsibility? as do virtually all of the Members of With this agreement, the United No. this body, I believe we must prevent States has agreed that at the end of a But I do; correct, Ms. Sherman? Iran from developing a nuclear weapon. timeline, Iran has full authority to en- Yes. Because of that, I support the inter- rich uranium, will be completely with- But I don’t get to read this critical national agreement that the Senate is in its rights to do so with no fear of side agreement with regard to verifica- debating this week because I am con- economic or political repercussions by tion that goes to the heart of our abil- vinced it is the best way to achieve the major powers, full authority for ity to make sure Iran is even following that objective. them to go against 45 years of standing these rules, as lax as they are? We can stop Iran’s nuclear weapons nonproliferation policy. So what start- Again, through her nonanswer, the program in one of two ways, either dip- ed as strong action, including meaning- answer was clear: No, I don’t get to lomatically or militarily. Powerful ful sanctions that were having an im- read it. The Presiding Officer does not international sanctions, which I have pact to make sure Iran never got nu- get to read it. Nobody in the Senate strongly supported, have brought Iran clear weapons, now concedes that they who is voting on this gets to read it. to the negotiating table. And on July will get there; it is simply a debate Nobody in the House of Representa- 14, the United States, the United King- about when. That is at the core of this tives who is voting on this gets to read dom, France, Russia, China, and the agreement. That is at the core of the it. Forget about any slight on the Pre- European Union—the so-called P5+1

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But sadly, that premise is at odds shining city on Jerusalem’s hills, to a I have spent hours and hours study- with the facts as they currently exist. nation that has proved that democracy ing the text of the agreement and scru- Our negotiating partners in this deal— and tolerance can thrive in a place tinizing our intelligence agencies’ clas- Britain, France, Russia, China, and the even as hostile as the Middle East and sified assessment of their ability to European Union—have concluded that will remain strong. verify Iran’s compliance. this is a fair agreement. In a briefing I represent many people who have As a member of both the Senate For- for Senators last month, the Ambas- survived the Holocaust. Their spirit is eign Relations Committee and the Sen- sadors from these nations told us in no within the State of Illinois. They pre- ate Armed Services Committee, I at- uncertain terms that there will be no vailed over the worst evil that has ever tended more than a dozen hearings and going back to the bargaining table if disgraced our time. That spirit unites briefings with administration officials Congress rejects this agreement. If the the free and tolerant people of the and outside experts—both for and deal is rejected, the most likely out- United States and Israel that we will against the agreement. In the end, I come is that the international sanc- prevail no matter what. have concluded that this agreement ef- tions regime against Iran would un- I yield the floor. fectively blocks Iran’s pathways to de- ravel. The United States would be iso- f velop a nuclear weapon for well over a lated, and we would lose credibility as RECESS decade. a reliable negotiating partner. So, yes, Right now, what we heard from testi- we would retain the ability to act uni- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under mony from both those people who sup- laterally, but unilateral sanctions have the previous order, the Senate stands port and oppose the agreement is that their limits, as we have heard in this in recess until 2:15 p.m. Iran can acquire enough fissile nuclear body. Our military commanders coun- Thereupon, the Senate, at 12:28 p.m., material to make a bomb in less than sel us that even a robust military op- recessed until 2:15 p.m. and reassem- 3 months. The agreement extends this tion would delay, but it would not pre- bled when called to order by the Presi- breakout time to at least 1 year by vent, Iran from obtaining a nuclear dent pro tempore (Mr. HATCH). slashing Iran’s stockpile of enriched weapon because they already have the f uranium by 98 percent and banning en- nuclear know-how. HIRE MORE HEROES ACT OF 2015— richment above 3.67 percent, which is This agreement is not about becom- Continued far below weapons grade, for 15 years. ing friends with Iran or turning a blind The agreement also reduces Iran’s eye to its efforts to destabilize the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The number of centrifuges by more than Middle East. In fact, we must redouble Senator from Georgia. two-thirds for a decade, and it main- our efforts to help our allies counter Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, in an- tains inspectors’ access to Iran’s ura- Iran’s malign influence in the region. ticipation of the majority leader and nium mines and mills—so the whole In particular, our commitment to the minority leader coming to the floor in life cycle of uranium—for a quarter of defense of Israel should remain a moment, I will begin the debate, a de- a century. These are just some of the unshakeable. In addition, we must bate on the most consequential vote I many restrictions the agreement im- maintain vigorous sanctions against will ever take as an elected official. poses on Iran. Iran for its support for terrorism and Certainly, in my 41 years of public In addition, Iran is bound by the Nu- for its violations of human rights. service, I have never had a decision to clear Nonproliferation Treaty and Now, while there are risks to what- make as serious, as complex, and as other agreements to a permanent com- ever course we take with respect to meaningful as the decision we will mitment not to pursue nuclear weap- Iran, I believe that the choice is clear. make on the Iran nuclear deal nego- ons and, as part of that agreement, to Either we recognize that this agree- tiated by the administration and the permit access by inspectors to any sus- ment is the best available option or we President. pected sites. Of critical importance, chase some fantasy agreement on our I rise in opposition to that agreement the Iran agreement is not based on own as international sanctions collapse and to explain why I will vote against trust—none of us trust Iran—but it is and Iran’s nuclear program continues it, but before I do, I want to com- based on an inspections regime that is unchecked and our options for stopping pliment three or four members in par- more rigorous and more intrusive than it are narrowed. ticular on the Foreign Relations Com- any previous negotiated agreement. I am convinced that the agreement mittee: former Chairman MENENDEZ Nuclear experts are confident that we negotiated by the United States and from New Jersey, Ranking Member will be able to detect violations by our allies is the least risky approach, CARDIN from Maryland, and Chairman Iran. Thanks to language in the agree- and it is the approach that is most CORKER from Tennessee. Throughout ment that allows the United States to likely to succeed. As I said last month the entire debate on the Iran nuclear respond unilaterally to a violation by in New Hampshire, I intend to vote to deal, they have been forthright in reimposing U.S. and U.N. sanctions, support this deal. being sure everybody got every ques- Iran knows that it faces crippling con- I yield the floor. tion they wanted answered, that every sequences if it violates the agreement. I suggest the absence of a quorum. issue was exposed, and that everybody If Congress rejects the Joint Com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The had the time to participate to the full- prehensive Plan of Action, the Iran clerk will call the roll. est degree possible. Great leadership on agreement, all of these advantages go The senior assistant legislative clerk the part of Senator CORKER, great lead- away. The risk of an Iranian nuclear proceeded to call the roll. ership on the part of Senator CARDIN, breakout and a regional nuclear arms Mr. KIRK. Madam President, I ask and great assistance on the part of race will increase dramatically. We unanimous that the order for the Senator MENENDEZ. will be left with no credible, non- quorum call be rescinded. In the end, in committee, I voted for military option for stopping Iran’s nu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the resolution of disapproval to vote clear program. objection, it is so ordered. against the nuclear arrangement with Now, I certainly respect the views of The Senator from Illinois. the Iranians, and I want to talk about my colleagues who oppose this agree- Mr. KIRK. Madam President, as I why. First of all, the President said a ment, and I have listened carefully to rise, many who fear the pending Iran vote against the deal is a vote for war. their arguments. Some of them assert vote feel that it could deliver a mortal I argue with that conclusion. In fact, I that Iran will find a way to cheat and, blow to the Senate’s historic support think a vote against the deal is a vote therefore, no diplomatic resolution is for the safety of the families of Israel. of strength. A vote for the deal is an

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So I want to military power from operational thea- strength and for appeasement, when in make sure I don’t do anything that ters, to reduce America’s commitments fact there has never been a time more would facilitate the Iranian use of nu- and capabilities, and to rely upon important to the United States of clear weapons in the future. I don’t international organizations to uphold America to be stronger than today. think this deal protects us from that, international order. Think about this. The bodies of and that is why I am going to vote That is the type of mindset that young Syrian children are washing up against it. guided the administration’s nego- on the shore of the Mediterranean. The Lastly, I want to comment about the tiators on this deal, and it has resulted Russians have established a beachhead issue of a cloture vote. I understand in a flawed deal that a majority of Con- in the Crimea, the Ukraine, and now in there will be a vote to filibuster the gress and a broad swath of the Amer- the Arctic. Last week, our President final vote on the resolution of dis- ican people now seem poised to reject— went to Alaska and the Chinese sent approval rather than having a resolu- and that is a bipartisan majority. five ships off the coast just to wave the tion of disapproval. I think that is The American people were led to be- Chinese flag in the face of our Presi- wrong. I think the American people de- lieve that negotiations with Iran would dent. serve to know where each of us stand, be about ending its nuclear program, Our diplomacy around the world is and the people of Georgia deserve to but that is not what the deal before us faltering and failing because we are not know where JOHNNY ISAKSON stands— would do. Instead, the President’s deal resolved. We are not as strong as we what I am going to do and why I am would bestow international recognition used to be. Diplomatically we are not going to do it. upon Iran’s nuclear program by the respected and militarily we are not A vote against cloture is to protract most powerful nations on Earth. There feared. It is time we made sure the vote having a final vote on the resolution of is no question that Iran’s nuclear pro- we cast on this Iranian nuclear deal is disapproval and leaves open the whole gram is designed to develop a nuclear not a vote that sends another signal of issue. It is not fair to the American weapon—no question. This is not about weakness but instead a signal of people, it is not right for the American peaceful nuclear energy. strength. people, and it is avoiding our responsi- Yet the President’s deal would leave Why am I voting against the Iranian bility. So I will vote for cloture so we Iran as a nuclear threshold state for- nuclear deal? There are five principal can go to a final vote on the resolution ever on the edge of developing a nu- reasons. No. 1 is the basis upon which I of disapproval, and I hope every Mem- clear weapon. It would allow Iran to voted for the New START treaty 5 ber of the Senate will do the same. To maintain thousands of centrifuges— years ago. When I voted for that trea- do anything less is wrong for America, 1,044 IR–1 centrifuges in Fordow and ty, I was on the Foreign Relations wrong for our heritage, and wrong for 5,060 centrifuges at Natanz—as well as Committee as well, and the questions I our future. advanced research and development asked at that time are the same ques- So I end where I began. I thank Sen- programs. tions I am asking now about what is ator CORKER, Senator MENENDEZ, and The President’s deal with Iran will not a treaty—what I think is a treaty Senator CARDIN for their forthright also give the regime access to literally but what the President calls an agree- leadership. I have studied hard, I have billions of dollars. The President him- ment: No. 1, is it enforceable; No. 2, do worked hard to try to find the best self has acknowledged that at least we have inspections; No. 3, do we have parts of this deal and the worst parts of some of that cash windfall is likely to credibility; No. 4, have I seen all the this deal. I find it fails in those five be used to support terrorism. documents; and, No. 5, is it best for my tests I have given it and I will vote no. It is already clear that Iran is med- children and grandchildren and the fu- I will vote for the resolution of dis- dling in Bahrain, in Yemen, in Leb- ture of my country? approval and vote against the treaty anon, and in Afghanistan, and the First, I haven’t seen all the docu- with Iran on the Iran nuclear deal. President’s deal will only strengthen ments, and we now find out we will With that said, Mr. President, I yield terrorist proxies such as Hezbollah, the never see all of them because the the floor. Houthi insurgents in Yemen, and the addendums to the IAEA will not be I suggest the absence of a quorum. Assad regime in Syria. available to us as Members of the Sen- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Iran is working to prop up and pro- ate. That is No. 1. No. 2, can we have clerk will call the roll. tect Assad’s regime in Damascus, and inspections? Well, yes, you can have in- The senior assistant legislative clerk it is working with Shia militias in Iraq spections, kind of or sort of. Yes, you proceeded to call the roll. to expand its influence even further— get 24 hours’ notice and then 24 days to Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I just as Iran once supplied Iraq’s Shia approve and then the Iranians have a ask unanimous consent that the order militias with the weapons to maim and say over who gets to inspect and we for the quorum call be rescinded. kill our soldiers and marines. don’t have a part. That is not a fair The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With- Iran has a long history of employing deal. out objection, it is so ordered. terrorism as a tool for defending the When I voted for the New START Mr. MCCONNELL. Colleagues, before regime—not just against its neighbors, treaty, the principal reason I finally the Senate is a resolution that would not just against Israel, but also against did was this: Russians were allowed in disapprove of the Joint Comprehensive America. the United States to inspect our nu- Plan of Action agreed to by the United On September 20, 1984, with support clear warheads; we were allowed in States, China, France, Germany, the and direction from Iran, the Shia mili- Russia to inspect theirs. We had abso- Russian Federation, the United King- tants of Hezbollah carried out a suicide lute credibility in the inspection re- dom, the European Union, and the Is- car bombing against the American em- gime. We knew what we were getting, lamic Republic of Iran. bassy in Beirut, 31 years ago. Two and it was an enforceable treaty. This I have long said the Senate should as- dozen people died that day; among is not that. This is one that can be sess this deal by employing a simple them, Chief Warrant Officer Kenneth cheated on too easily and far too easily standard: Will it further or will it harm Welch of the U.S. Army. His son, Brian, for the American people and the secu- the national security interests of the has lived with that loss ever since. I rity of my children and grandchildren. United States and her allies? By that want all of our colleagues to know he And what about my children and measure, I believe Senators must vote is sitting with us in this Gallery this grandchildren—why are they of inter- to disapprove of the deal. afternoon. He is right here with us lis- est to me in this vote? They are be- I truly wish that wasn’t the case, but tening to this debate. cause they are our future. The future it is a predictable outcome when one So I ask my colleagues: How could we of all mankind is the young people considers the mindset with which the support a deal that would not only

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As Iranian trade expands with gram. been accused of helping Shiite militias the other P5+1 countries, they will Assessing this deal strategically, it attack and kill Americans in Iraq? grow even more reluctant to hold Iran can only be understood as part of a The $100 billion Iran is expected to accountable for the inevitable viola- broader strategy to concede a larger reap from this deal is also certain to be tions of the deal. sphere of influence to the Iranian re- invested in Iran’s war economy for de- We need not have ended up here. We gime while weakening our commit- fense of the regime and will undoubt- didn’t have to be in this place. The ment to our moderate Sunni allies and edly strengthen the hand of the Revo- President had the opportunity to de- Israel. Now, that is just fitting within lutionary Guards. clare a firm policy to end Iran’s nu- the overall administration’s view of re- The Council on Foreign Relations has clear program and to enact additional ducing America’s overseas commit- referred to the group as the regime’s sanctions while Iran’s war economy ments, its reliance upon international ‘‘money machine’’ because of its varied was ailing. But, no, that is not what he organizations, and its seeming deter- business interests with Iran. As the did. mination to withdraw our forward de- Council noted in a 2013 backgrounder, Instead, the administration at- ployed presence. But in terms of our the Guards were estimated to have ties tempted to rely on the ambiguity of its traditional strategy, it makes no sense to more than 100 companies controlling military policy by claiming at every at all, as Iran’s capability and power about $12 billion in construction and stage that it sought to keep ‘‘all op- will be stronger in every single regard. engineering capital, and one of its fel- tions on the table.’’ But that was never Writing in the Wall Street Journal in lows, Ray Takeyh, has linked the a policy. It was a talking point—a talk- April, two former Secretaries of State group to ‘‘university laboratories, ing point was not going to deter Iran. noted that Iran’s representatives re- weapons manufacturers, and companies As I alluded in a speech delivered at main committed to a revolutionary, connected to nuclear technology.’’ AIPAC a few years ago, the only way anti-western concept of the inter- Now, the administration has at- the administration is going to be able national order. They observed that: tempted to make light of the benefits to persuade Iran to cease its pursuit of Absent any linkage between nuclear and to Iran’s economy, military, and ter- a nuclear weapon and to dismantle its political restraint, America’s traditional al- rorist arms from the lifting of sanc- enrichment capability is if it was pre- lies will conclude that the U.S. has traded tions. Secretary Kerry observed that pared to make the Supreme Leader of temporary nuclear cooperation for acquies- $100 billion is ‘‘nothing’’—nothing— Iran believe—believe—that the survival cence to Iranian hegemony. They will in- creasingly look to create their own nuclear ‘‘compared to what gets spent’’ in the of his regime was actually at stake. In other words, the only way the Ira- balances and, if necessary, call in other pow- region. ers to sustain their integrity. ‘‘Iran’s military budget is $15 bil- nian regime could have been expected Does America still hope to arrest the re- lion,’’ he said, while ‘‘the Gulf states’ to negotiate to preserve its own sur- gion’s trend towards sectarian upheaval, military budget is $130 billion.’’ vival—rather than simply delay as a state collapse, and the disequilibrium of But what is lost on Secretary Kerry means to pursue nuclear weapons—is if power tilting toward Tehran, or do we now is the fact that Iran and its proxies the administration had imposed the accept this as an irremediable aspect of the regional balance? have pursued asymmetric capabilities strictest sanctions while concurrently against the United States, not to men- enforcing a firm declaratory policy Regrettably, it appears that the ad- tion Israel and our moderate Sunni al- that reflected a commitment to a po- ministration has traded the appearance lies. tential use of force, if that became nec- of nuclear cooperation for acquiescence Iran has carefully studied the tactics essary. But, no. The administration to Iranian hegemony. and capabilities brought to bear by our chose to pursue negotiations and sanc- The President famously suggested forces in Desert Storm, Operation En- tions consecutively rather than simul- that if countries like Iran were willing during Freedom, Operation Iraqi Free- taneously, as it also failed to articu- to unclench their fist, they would find dom, and other campaigns. And be- late a clear consequence for the cross- an extended hand. From that hand the cause it has, the regime has decided to ing of red lines. Iranians took concession after conces- invest in anti-access and area-denial Thus, while the President had an op- sion after concession on enrichment, capabilities, cyber warfare capabilities, portunity to exercise political leader- on U.N. Security Council resolutions, espionage, and other means to avoid ship and work with the Congress to on centrifuges, on missiles, on the con- fighting directly against our strengths. craft a stronger policy toward Iran ventional arms embargo, and on sanc- The Jewish Institute for National Se- that would have better served our na- tions—concessions on every one of curity Affairs, in an assessment of the tional security, he chose the path of those issues. nuclear deal with Iran, expanded on concessions instead. Indeed, the admin- Under the President’s deal with Iran, that point. Here is what they had to istration allowed for a series of conces- nearly every aspect of Iran’s national say: sions throughout these lengthy nego- power will be strengthened: economic power, diplomatic power, espionage Iran has acquired and developed various tiations. capabilities to execute this asymmetric Rather than anytime, anywhere in- power, conventional warfare power, strategy, including anti access/area denial spections, the deal creates a process and the power Iran derives from sup- . . . it possesses the region’s largest arsenal within which Iran can delay inspec- porting proxies like Hamas, Hezbollah, of short and medium ballistic missiles, as tions for at least up to 24 days. the Houthis in Yemen, and the Assad well as a growing arsenal of cruise missiles Rather than dismantle Iran’s enrich- regime. and unmanned aerial vehicles, to target ment capability, some centrifuges will So when supporters of this flawed military and energy installations through- be put in storage, enrichment will con- deal ask ‘‘what is the alternative,’’ out the Gulf, including U.S. ships. It also has tinue, and research and development there is a simple answer: political lead- a sizeable fleet of fast attack craft, sub- ership. It is the next President and the marines and large numbers of torpedoes and will go on—all legitimatized by the naval mines for choking off Hormuz and at- President’s deal. Now, at the end of the next Congress that will have to deal tacking aforementioned targets. The S–300 10- and 15-year milestones, Iran’s with the consequences of this deal; and air defense systems could stymie U.S. air op- breakout time will be reduced to near- if we are united in ending Iran’s nu- erations around the Gulf, in addition to com- ly zero. clear program, we can make clear to plicating any strike on Iran’s nuclear facili- Concessions were made on the con- the Iranians that their weapons pro- ties. ventional weapons ban and ballistic gram is simply unacceptable. That is from the Jewish Institute of missile technology embargo too. De- Remember: It was the sanctions en- National Security Affairs. spite the fact that the International acted by Congress, over the objections Now, there is another worrying as- Atomic Energy Agency reported in 2011 of President Obama—many people have pect of the cash windfall from this deal that ‘‘Iran has carried out activities forgotten that he didn’t want the sanc- as well. It will also serve to advance relevant to the development of a nu- tions they ended up getting—that

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.032 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6493 caused sufficient concern within the re- on the front end. I thank you for the done that, I am sure we would have had gime to compel the Supreme Leader to way you set up this procedure so that 100 votes in favor of that. As a matter allow the negotiations in the first we are focused only on the resolution of fact, in other instances, he men- place. of disapproval. That is something I tioned that he wanted to dismantle That is why, throughout the previous know the other side had wanted, and I their nuclear program. Again, as the Congress and the beginning of this Con- appreciate your setting it up in that leader has mentioned, had he achieved gress, I attempted to pass additional manner. that, none of us would be debating this sanctions and made a commitment to a I also thank Senator CARDIN. I thank issue. We would be thrilled with that strong declaratory policy against him for being such a tremendous part- outcome. But it was very evident that Iran—an idea some of our colleagues ner on the committee. I thank him for was not the course of action which was may now deem necessary to pursue his diligence in making what I know being pursued when we had the first through legislation given the terms of was a tough decision on the substance. agreement, the JOPA. the nuclear deal with Iran. I truly appreciate his ability and the We had another round. We had addi- But Congress alone cannot provide way he worked with us to ensure that tional concessions. Finally, we got to Presidential leadership. It can provide we have this debate and this oppor- the point where we all realized that for the defense capabilities required to tunity to vote. what was happening—instead of a dis- contain and combat threats like Iran. Let me step back and refresh people’s mantling or instead of ending Iran’s It can reassure regional allies, like memory. I know there has been a lot of nuclear program, what this agreement Israel, that this Executive deal is not a discussion, and there are some who does, if we were to approve it, it agrees treaty and can be revisited. And when purposefully try to confuse what is to the industrialization of their nu- Iran cheats on this deal, we can resolve happening here. But the fact is that clear program. We have a state sponsor to use the tools available to us to stop the President decided long ago that he of terror, and this agreement is approv- its nuclear weapons program. In short, was not going to pursue a treaty. He ing the industrialization of their pro- Congress can lay the groundwork for instead was going to pursue what is gram. the next President. But Congress needs called a nonbinding political commit- I think everyone knows that one of real Presidential leadership, too. ment, and he was going to go directly the great fallacies in this deal is that Just this morning, we saw reports to the U.N. Security Council for ap- not only, with our approval, are they that Iran’s Supreme Leader had ruled proval. As a matter of fact, he has al- industrializing their program, but in 9 out any real rapprochement with the ready done that. months all of the leverage shifts. Their U.S. after this nuclear deal. We saw the In the course of discussions, we real- country has a $409 billion economy. In Supreme Leader state his desire to see ized, just as the leader mentioned, it the next 9 months, this country is Israel cease to exist in the coming was actually we who brought Iran to going to get about $100 billion. That years. Against that backdrop, we now the table. We had four tranches of se- has not been disputed. Think about it— have the President’s deal with Iran be- vere sanctions that, as was mentioned, 25 percent of their economy is going to fore us. in most cases were objected to by the be given to them in 1 year. Think Any objective net assessment of this administration, but it was those sanc- about an $18 trillion country such as deal must conclude that it will tions and then the international com- ours. If we were to get $4 to $5 trillion, strengthen the Supreme Leader’s re- munity agreeing with those sanctions think what we would be able to do with gime. No question about it. Any objec- that brought Iran to the table in the those resources. Over that 9-month pe- tive assessment must also conclude first place. We had discussions. We re- riod, regardless of what they do with that America and her allies will be alized that we understand the Presi- PMD, regardless of what they do with made less safe by the President’s deal dent planned to do this with an Execu- other issues, the rest of the big eco- with Iran. Well, certainly that is the tive agreement. nomic sanctions are going to be re- conclusion I have reached as well. This By the way, I think everyone under- lieved. Their economy is going to be is the conclusion many Democrats stands that when the President does growing. They are going to be cash- have reached. This seems to be the con- that, it is only binding on his adminis- rich. They are going to be a much clusion the American people have tration, it is not binding on future ad- stronger country. reached as well. ministrations, whereas a treaty, which I think it is probably important to I wish this was a deal I could support, goes through a whole different process, talk about whom we are dealing with. but it isn’t. I urge my colleagues to is binding on future Presidents. I know Senator COTTON has alluded to join me and many others in voting for Because we had played such a role, this before, as have many others, but the resolution of disapproval. we ended up with the Iran Nuclear when we went to Baghdad through the In fact, we know there is a bipartisan Agreement Review Act, and this agree- years, most of us sat down with Gen- majority of the United States Senate ment has now put us in place to debate eral Odierno. On his coffee table, he in opposition to this deal. We know this issue and to decide as a body would have in front of him all of the that already. We know there is a huge whether we want to approve it or dis- devices Iran was using to kill and majority of Americans who oppose this approve it. I thank Senator CARDIN for maim our soldiers. I think you will re- deal. We know that every single Demo- his efforts in making that happen. member that there was actually a rush crat who has come out for the deal has I thank all the Senators in this at one time to rush out humvees to try immediately started making excuses body—98 of them; 1 was missing that to protect our soldiers from having about how we need to get tougher with day—who voted to put us in this place. their limbs and body parts dis- Iran—every single one of them. As a matter of fact, I think all of us membered. Once we did that, the Ira- So that is what is before us, and it know that if it weren’t for that, we nians developed another device. It was will be before us until next week. would be having no discussion. This made of copper. When it exploded, it With that, I yield the floor. would have already been implemented. would go through any type of metal. It The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The The President already went to the U.N. was used to kill Americans. It was used Senator from Tennessee. Security Council, and it is this pause to dismember them. As a matter of Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, first of that has allowed us to weigh in this fact, when you see people in Tennessee, all, I wish to thank our leader and I way on behalf of the American people Wyoming, Kansas, or in other places wish to thank Senator REID for allow- and to express whether we approve or walking up and down the street with ing us to come to this vote without a disapprove of this agreement. prosthetics, that was Iran. Iran was re- motion to proceed so we can begin this Let me say this: When the President sponsible for the dismembering of so debate in a sober and responsible man- began back in 2012 and he said that he many Americans. ner. was going to negotiate with the P5+1 They are the same people, by the I thank the leader. I know many on this Iranian nuclear deal to end way, who are supporting Assad right Members on the other side of the aisle their nuclear program, I thought, that now. An amazing thing—the IRGC, were concerned about maybe nefarious is outstanding. As a matter of fact, if which is the arm that directly reports amendments being a part of this debate the President can do that and if he had to the Supreme Leader, is the shock

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.034 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6494 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 force in Syria right now that is keep- ity of this is—if it is a D-minus report program that has, as we know, only ing Assad afloat. or an A-plus report—the fact is that one need, and that is so they can de- The ranking member and I recently they still get the sanctions relief they velop a nuclear weapon. went to see a display by the Holocaust are seeking over the next 9 months. I am very disappointed with where Museum. A gentleman named Caesar In addition to that, the inspections we have come up, and I am dis- had documented what Assad, with process—we have all had concerns appointed to add this as another prob- Iran’s support, is doing to everyday about the fact that we have to wait 24 lem. We are doing all this without a Syrians in the country. As we sit here, days. By the way, there is a lot of mis- strategy in the Middle East. I wrote an what they are doing is torturing peo- understanding about the 24 days. That op-ed in the Washington Post—not that ple. As a matter of fact, I wish you is after the IAEA raises a concern. anybody reads them—to talk about my could see the pictures. They are actu- That is after Iran responds to that. disapproval of this deal. When you ally amputating people’s genitals. As Some people have written that it could think about it, one of the great trage- we are sitting here in this comfortable take as many as 40 to 45 days for this dies—again, we are seeing it play out setting, Iran is supporting Assad’s abil- to occur. But then there is a 24-day pe- on television. JOHN MCCAIN has been so ity to do that to his own people. We see riod. good at talking about this issue. But on the TV screens what is happening. Our leader referred to the IR–1. Iran what we are seeing play out right now People are flooding out from Syria and has done a masterful job because they is no strategy in the Middle East. It is flooding out from Iraq to get away have gotten the P5+1 to focus on their the greatest humanitarian disaster of from what is happening right now in IR–1 centrifuges. They have 19,000 of my lifetime. the Middle East. them. They are antiques. Truly, they So what is going to happen without We know that Hezbollah—another are antiques. What they have going on any strategy to push back against Iran, arm of Iran—through one of its proxies right now is the development of IR–2s, to push back against what they are right now, is destabilizing Lebanon. IR–4s, IR–6s, IR–8s. doing in Syria, what they have been We know that Hamas is being sup- I would ask you to go down to the doing in Lebanon, what they are doing plied rockets—sophisticated rockets, I SCIF and let some of our intelligence in Yemen, what they are doing in Bah- might add—from Iran to shoot into people tell you the speed—the dif- rain, what they are doing certainly Israel. ference between the IR–8 and IR–1. against Israel—Hamas—without a We know that in Bahrain, where we Let me say to you without giving any strategy, this is going to be the de have thousands of troops to keep the classified information that in a room facto strategy. Strait of Hormuz open, they are sup- the size of where I am standing to this I will remind everyone again that in plying terrorist organizations there to back wall and actually much closer 9 months all the leverage goes away. disrupt that government and cause this way, in a small room like that, Right now we have leverage over them. harm to the people who are serving us. Iran can actually do the equivalent of In 9 months, they have all their money So this is whom we are dealing 720 IR–1s. With a 24-day inspection and the sanctions have been relieved. with—the greatest state sponsor of ter- process, our ability to detect in very Many of you have read statements that ror that we know. We only named small areas of Iran—a very large coun- have been issued by the Supreme Lead- three, by the way. We named Syria, we try—this type of thing is going to be er and others that if we try to put named Sudan, and we named Iran. very difficult. sanctions on them for their terrorist Obviously, when we worked through So I talked to Secretary Kerry about activities, violations of human rights the first agreements and in the interim those two things, and I am sorry, I feel or other activities, you know what agreement where we agreed to enrich, as if we totally punted on those issues, they are going to say. They are going that was quite a shock to most of us. and then for good measure, as has been to say: Hey, I am sorry. You are vio- Then they went through the first big mentioned many times, we threw in lating the agreement. round to reach this comprehensive the lifting of the conventional arms Remember, this President has tried agreement, and that agreement ad- embargo. I mean, where did that come to obligate not just us from putting ad- dressed a number of the issues the lead- from? What did that have to do with ditional sanctions in place, but he has er just laid out. But prior to going to the nuclear power? We threw in the tried to keep State and local govern- Geneva, there were still, in this final lifting of ballistic testing in 8 years. ments from putting sanctions in place. round, some issues that needed to be Again, what was that about? Then, He is actually acting as a buffer addressed. with some really special and peculiar against those people who in good con- I had one of those few calls with Sec- language meant, I think, to confuse, we science would want to push back retary Kerry where I felt as though he lifted immediately their ability to test against the terrible human rights ac- was listening. I talked to him at ballistic weapons. tivities that are taking place and the length. I told him: Secretary Kerry, a So let me say again that all of this terrorism that is being exported. lot of people are going to have dif- we know is being done with a country Again, this is going to be our strat- ficulty ever approving a deal that al- that has no practical need for enrich- egy. Think about it. In a year, before lows Iran to industrialize their pro- ment. They have one nuclear reactor— the next President takes office, let’s gram like this. one. They can buy enriched uranium so say we want to put sanctions in place But how you finish these last pieces much cheaper on the market. They to push back because Iran is supplying is going to say a lot qualitatively have absolutely no need for 19,000 cen- additional arms to Assad, as it appears about how we really plan to implement trifuges. They have no need for an un- Russia is doing right now, what is Iran this deal. At that time, of course, we derground facility to protect from going to say? Well, we are just going to still had the issues of previous military bombing. They have no need for the fa- begin development of our nuclear pro- dimensions. Some people call it pos- cility at Arak that produces pluto- gram. sible military dimensions. But we nium. What if we say that we know they are know they were developing a nuclear Many people have said that Iran in violation of the nuclear program, weapon. You certainly heard the pres- wants to have the ability to deal with and therefore we are going to put sanc- entation regarding how we are dealing medical isotopes. They want to show to tions in place, what are they going to with Parchin. It is really pretty amaz- the rest of the Middle East that they say? Well, we are just going to resume ing, after the AP report came out, how are sophisticated. Do you know how the nuclear program. this has actually survived late-night many centrifuges they would need to So in 9 months, literally, the lever- comedy. We know that if the IAEA do that? Five hundred. age shifts from us to them. We are gives a report on Iran’s previous mili- So what has all this been about? going to be very reticent to challenge tary dimensions—I think you know They have put their people through them on any violations of this agree- Iran is supposed to be supplying the such grief, such economic depravity. ment. Candidly, we are going to be IAEA information and access to sci- They have been isolated from the reticent to push back against the entists regarding what they were world. They are a rogue community. things they are doing to destabilize the doing. But regardless of what the qual- And they have done all that to create a region.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.028 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6495 I will close with this. I appreciate the We actually have people who have that maybe one of them could wander leader setting up this debate. I appre- asked to speak. Senator REID had over and speak. This is a fairly impor- ciate Senator REID allowing us to do asked to speak, but he decided not to tant issue. this. I appreciate that 98 Senators have do so. Senator CARDIN was going to Mr. DURBIN. I say to my friend from said: Look, this is probably the biggest speak. We were going to rotate between Arizona, we have a Democratic Senator foreign policy issue we are going to Republicans and Democrats. prepared to speak at this moment. deal with during our time here in the Senators had signed up for time to Is the Senator prepared to yield? U.S. Senate. I hope what is going to speak, and that was the procedure we Mr. MCCAIN. Prepared to speak at happen over the course of the next sev- were going to follow. It wasn’t going to this moment? eral days is that we will continue to be just Republicans on the floor and I yield to whichever Senator on the express our approval by some, our dis- then Democrats, but it appears the ma- other side wishes to speak. approval by others—a bipartisan ma- jority whip wishes to alter that status. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The jority—and the reasons as to why some Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, we have Senator from Hawaii. approve this. Senators on the Democratic side pre- Mr. SCHATZ. Thank you, Mr. Presi- At the end of the day what I hope pared to speak when the Republicans dent. will happen is that—since all 98 Sen- are ready to yield. A President of the United States ators in this body said they wanted to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The once said of his Nation’s enemy that debate this and wanted the opportunity Senator from Arizona. we cannot ‘‘wish away the differences to vote up or down on the substance of Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I say to between our two societies and our phi- this deal—we will have enough col- the Senator from Illinois that I will be losophies, but we should always re- leagues in this Chamber who will agree more than happy to yield to any speak- member that we do have common in- that because it is the biggest foreign er on the other side. I was under the terests and the foremost among them policy issue of our day and because 98 impression that we were going to be is to avoid war.’’ In pursuing that Senators stood up and said: No, Mr. going back and forth, and I think that cause, he said: President, you cannot implement this would contribute to the debate. If the We will be prepared to protect our inter- deal until we express whether we ap- Senator from Illinois or the Senator ests and those of our friends and allies, but prove or disapprove this deal, we will from Hawaii or anyone else wishes to we want more than deterrents. We seek gen- have far more than 60 Senators who speak, I will be glad to yield. uine cooperation. We seek progress for peace. will agree to allow us to get to a final The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The It was President Reagan who seized vote so everybody in this Senate can be Senator from Texas. the opportunity during the Cold War accountable. Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask and President George H. W. Bush who This is an important issue. I thank unanimous consent that the time be carried it forward. Together they my colleagues for the time to be able equally divided between both sides of achieved commitments from the to discuss it in this way. the aisle and that following the rec- United States and the Soviet Union, With that, I will yield the floor. I ognition of a speaker on our side, an enemies through and through, to re- thought Senator CARDIN was next, but opportunity be given to a speaker on duce their stockpiles of nuclear weap- it looks as if it will be Senator DURBIN. the Democratic side and that we alter- ons, bringing us ever closer to a world The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The nate back and forth using the time free of the threat of nuclear annihila- majority whip. that is allotted for the debate. tion. It ingrained in us a tradition of Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, reserv- pragmatism—the idea that even with unanimous consent that the Senator ing the right to object. The Republican countries we deeply distrust and whose from Arizona, the chairman of the side has already used 45 minutes, so I behavior we abhor, we cannot ignore Armed Services Committee, be recog- hope the Senator from Texas is saying the opportunity to prevent the pro- nized and that I be recognized fol- that between 2:15 p.m. and 5 p.m. the liferation of nuclear weapons. lowing his remarks. time will be equally divided, and we The Joint Comprehension Plan of Ac- Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, reserv- will rotate from one side to the other. tion that the United States negotiated ing the right to object. Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask with Iran and the other members of the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The consent to amend the request. P5+1 preserves that tradition, to ‘‘seek Senator from Illinois. Mr. MCCAIN addressed the Chair. progress for peace.’’ Mr. DURBIN. Will the Senator from The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The This deal is not perfect, as the chair- Utah, the President pro tempore, ad- Senator from Texas has the floor. man of the Foreign Relations Com- vise the Senate if we are operating Mr. CORNYN. I yield the floor. mittee so ably explained. We had to under a unanimous consent agreement Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, am I rec- make concessions, and that is because as to time allocations? ognized? it was negotiated between sovereign The PRESIDENT pro tempore. At The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The countries pursuing diplomacy and not this time, the time is equally divided. unconditional surrender. Mr. DURBIN. Between which hours? Senator from Arizona. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, again, I I hear complaints about one provi- time until 5 p.m. today is equally di- say to the Senator from Illinois that sion or another, and some of those vided. the usual way I have seen around here criticisms are valid, but we don’t have Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, will the for many years is one side will speak, the luxury of sending our negotiators President pro tempore be kind enough and then the other side will make their back to Vienna. If we do that, things to tell me how much time has been argument. If the Senator from Illinois will fall apart. Every ambassador from used by the Republican side since 2:15 wants to stack up all of his time on the P5+1 has made clear that the mul- p.m. that side so there is no back and forth, tilateral sanctions that brought Iran to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Ap- I don’t think that is the intent of what the table will be upended. We would be proximately 45 minutes. we are trying to achieve here. isolated diplomatically, Iran’s nuclear Mr. DURBIN. I do not object. Mr. DURBIN. I say to my friend from program would be unconstrained, and The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With- Arizona, I have told you, we have Iran would get most of its money too. out objection, it is so ordered. Democratic Senators prepared to Of course, we could levy harsh unilat- Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I am speak. So when my friends are ready to eral sanctions ourselves, and that really glad that the distinguished lead- give up the floor, we will be glad to rec- would be emotionally satisfying to er of the Armed Services Committee is ognize our Democratic Senators. many, but they won’t bite. They did going to speak next. The Senator from Mr. MCCAIN. We have been in since not when Iran went from 300 cen- Arizona probably has more knowledge 2:15 p.m. trifuges to more than 18,000, and they of the Middle East than almost any- Mr. DURBIN. We have been waiting won’t now. body in this body, but it was my under- patiently. The question in this debate is wheth- standing that we were going to rotate Mr. MCCAIN. I know their schedules er to approve the deal or dump it. back and forth. are very crowded, but I would hope There is no door No. 3, but we don’t

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.030 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6496 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 need to feel resigned because, as a deal, and security at the highest levels ever been in place.’’ This is what the Presi- it is quite a good one. Experts in the and continuing to ensure that Israel’s dent said: nonproliferation space almost unani- qualitative military edge is protected. The deal we’ll accept is they end their nu- mously affirm that it is a strong deal. When this debate is over, we must find clear program. It’s very straightforward. It blocks each one of Iran’s pathways new ways to enhance our joint efforts In reality, the deal doesn’t require to the bomb and places its nuclear pro- to counter threats that endanger Israel Iran to end its program; it simply sus- gram under strict international super- every day. pends it for a period of years. As the vision. There is no alternative to this We are debating what may be the President said in April, ‘‘Iran is not agreement, and certainly no military most important foreign policy choice going to simply dismantle its program option, that eliminates 98 percent of of the decade. Our decision will have because we demand it to do so.’’ Let’s Iran’s fissile material or two-thirds of consequences for the security and the contemplate that. ‘‘Iran is not going to its operating centrifuges. stability of the new Middle East. If simply dismantle its program because Now, I will grant that critics make a Congress chooses to oppose this agree- we demand it to do so.’’ few very persuasive arguments that ment, we will witness an unraveling of Unfortunately, the administration’s have more to with how we view Iran the international sanctions that concessions didn’t stop there. On No- than how we view this deal. First they brought Iran to the negotiating table, vember 24, 2013, Secretary Kerry said: say that it places too much trust in with Iran moving ever faster toward There is no right to enrich. We do not rec- Iran, but the opposite is true. This the bomb and our country left with few ognize a right to enrich. agreement is not based on trust or choices besides another war in the Mid- However, in the final deal, the ad- shared values, and we have no reason dle East. ministration not only conceded the to assume that Iran will comply with We have shown as a country that we right to enrich, it also allowed Iran to its terms in good faith. That is why the have the will to protect ourselves, our maintain an industrial-scale enrich- agreement adopts a robust inspections allies, and our interests—using mili- ment capability that will only grow in and verification regime that will be in tary force when truly necessary. We size and sophistication. place for up to 25 years. We will be will continue to stand with Israel de- On the issue of Fordow, the once cov- monitoring Iran’s entire nuclear supply spite whatever temporary disagree- ert nuclear facility that was built deep chain—from uranium mining, milling, ments our governments may have. We into a mountain, President Obama said and enrichment to the manufacturing do not underestimate or understate the in December 2013 that Iran had no and replacement of centrifuges—so we challenges we have and the role of our need—no need—for such a facility if all will know if Iran is diverting uranium military in shaping events for the bet- it sought was peaceful nuclear energy. or centrifuges to secret facilities. ter, but in this instance, with eyes Yet the final deal allows Iran to main- If Iran does try to break out to ac- wide open, we ought to pursue peace tain nearly 1,000 centrifuges at Fordow quire the bomb, all options remain on first. the table to stop it, including the use Thank you, Mr. President. and conduct nuclear-related testing of military force. And because the I yield the floor. there during the entire life of the agreement provides us more informa- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The agreement. tion about Iran’s nuclear program, our Senator from Arizona. On the issue of Iran’s breakout ca- military options will be more effective Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I wish to pacity, President Obama said in De- and have the backing of the inter- thank the majority leader, the Senator cember of 2013 that in the deal he envi- national community because we will from Kentucky, for conducting the de- sions, the Iranians ‘‘as a practical mat- have exhausted diplomacy first. bate on this agreement with the seri- ter, do not have a breakout capacity.’’ The other concern, and I think this is ousness and gravity it deserves. In Here, too, the administration reversed a valid one, is that this deal should not doing so, he has acted in the best tradi- itself, conceding to a breakout capac- be overstated in terms of its impact on tions of the Senate, and I thank him ity in establishing the arbitrary stand- our priorities and alliances in the re- for it. ard of 1 year. gion. It is important on the nuclear I wish to also thank my colleague, Similarly, on the so-called possible issue, but in October we will have the Senator from Tennessee, the chair- military dimensions, or PMD, of Iran’s many of the same challenges in the man of the Foreign Relations Com- past nuclear activities, Secretary Middle East that we have in Sep- mittee, who I believe just gave a very Kerry said this April: tember. Iran is still the world’s leading eloquent presentation of the situation They have to do it. It will be done. . . . It state sponsor of terror and nothing in as we are debating today. will be part of a final agreement. It has to this deal will deter us from working to Today begins the culmination of a be. contain Iran’s regional aspirations, in- monumental debate that our Nation Just 2 months later—2 months cluding its support of Hamas and has conducted for the past 3 months. later—Secretary Kerry reversed him- Hezbollah. But our efforts can now This debate is not about whether we self, saying: occur with a nuclear-armed Iran off the support diplomatic solutions to inter- We’re not fixated on Iran specifically ac- table. national challenges or whether we are counting for what they did at one point in I wish to personally offer some words willing to negotiate with the Iranian time or another. We know what they did. We to those Americans who love Israel regime or whether we should go to war have no doubt. We have absolute knowledge. with a personal passion and commit- with Iran. That is not what this debate My friends, this kind of hubris is as- ment that I share. Your skepticism is is about, despite the President’s sad, tonishing. I know of no intelligence well earned and based in faith and his- partisan attempts to make it so. professional who would share that level tory—based in familial relationships It is always preferable to solve inter- of certainty. But perhaps Secretary and culture. It is core of who we are. national problems without resorting to Kerry’s reversal is because the final My colleagues rightly want to know military force, but the ultimate test of deal does not require Iran to resolve what happens next. What is the United any diplomacy is not merely whether it the PMD issue prior to receiving sanc- States prepared to do to protect loved avoids the use of force but whether it tions relief. ones in a dangerous neighborhood? secures our national security interests. Furthermore, the chief of Iran’s Whether one supports this deal or not, Put simply, I believe the Joint Com- atomic energy agency has said sanc- we can all agree that America’s com- prehensive Plan of Action fails this tions relief will proceed regardless of mitment to Israel remains test and it fails by the very criteria the the resolution of the PMD issue. That unshakeable, and we will continue, administration itself once laid out as a was the chief of Iran’s atomic energy Democrats and Republicans united, to good deal. agency. stand with Israel. Even as we work to Three years ago, President Obama The mechanism to resolve long- restrict Iran’s nuclear ambitions, we said the goal of negotiations with Iran standing international concerns about will continue to thwart Hamas and was to ‘‘get Iran to recognize it needs the possible military dimensions of Hezbollah. We are committed to co- to give up its nuclear program and Iran’s nuclear program is contained in operating with Israel on intelligence abide by U.N. resolutions that have a side agreement between Iran and the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.031 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6497 IAEA which neither the administration there anything in this agreement that alarm as Iran’s military and intel- nor the Congress has seen. Get this: does that? In fact, it is the opposite. ligence operatives have stepped up There is an agreement on inspection In 5 years, the international arms their destabilizing activities in Iraq, and verification that this Congress, be- embargo against Iran will be lifted, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, Gaza, and else- fore we vote, will never have seen and freeing up the regime to acquire ad- where. the American people will never have vanced conventional military means Iran did all of this under the full seen. How in the world, on the most capabilities such as fighter aircraft, air pressure of sanctions. Now Iran will re- important aspect of any agreement— defense systems, and anti-ship missiles. ceive tens of billions of dollars in sanc- verification—the provisions for which With billions of dollars in sanctions re- tions relief. To be sure, a good amount are not known to the Members of this lief, Iran is sure to find plenty of states of that money will go to Iran’s prior- body. That alone is a reason to de- that are eager to sell those weapons, ities, but much of it will also surely mand—to demand—what are those side especially Russia and China. flow to Iran’s Revolutionary Guards agreements? Maybe they are nothing. In 8 years, the agreement would le- Corps and Quds Force—groups that, as Maybe they are something we would gitimate and accelerate Iran’s develop- the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of approve of. We don’t even know what ment of ballistic missiles, including Staff also mentioned, were responsible in the world they are. ICBMs, whose only conceivable mili- for the deaths of several hundred U.S. The administration provided a classi- tary purpose would be to deliver nu- servicemembers. This will have enor- fied briefing on what they know to be clear weapons. This concession was mous consequences for stability in the in the side agreement, and suffice it to made even as the Director of National Middle East and for America’s credi- say that I think most of us—even on Intelligence concluded earlier this year bility. both sides of the aisle—would agree that ‘‘Iran’s ballistic missiles are in- For decades, Republican and Demo- that briefing is one of the more bizarre herently capable of delivering WMD’’— cratic administrations have sought to and disturbing aspects of this deal. that is weapons of mass destruction— contain the malign influence of the Is- lamic Republic of Iran and prevent it They called it unconventional. That is ‘‘and Tehran already has the largest in- from acquiring nuclear weapons capa- generous. ventory of ballistic missiles in the Mid- What is more, inspections of Iran’s dle East.’’ bility. Our allies and partners have en- facilities will be conducted by the In this way, the administration’s trusted much of their own security to IAEA, the International Atomic En- Iran deal not only paves the Islamic the United States because they be- ergy Agency. There will be no Ameri- Republic’s path to a nuclear capability, lieved our commitments were credible. cans allowed on the ground, and the de- it also furthers that regime’s emer- In this way, America’s role in the re- gion has been to suppress security com- tails of how these monitoring activities gence as a dominant military power in petition between states with long his- will occur are contained in another the Middle East. This has direct and tories of mistrust and to prevent that side agreement between the IAEA and dangerous implications for the United competition from breaking down into Iran. States—especially our Armed Forces. Here is the problem: Verifying that After all, the ultimate guarantee that conflict. I fear this agreement will further un- Iran is not cheating on this deal re- Iran will not get a nuclear weapon is dermine our ability and willingness to quires a full accounting of the possible not a 109-page document; it is the capa- play that vital stabilizing role. Our al- military dimensions of Iran’s nuclear bility of the U.S. military to do what is lies and partners in the Middle East program. To verify that Iran has necessary to prevent it if all else fails. have increasingly come to believe that The administration says that the ceased its nuclear weapons-related ac- America is withdrawing from the re- military option will remain on the tivities necessarily requires that we gion and doing so at a time when Iran table if Iran violates the agreement, know the full extent of these past ac- is aggressively seeking to advance its and that is true. Yet the agreement tivities—the personnel, facilities, geopolitical ambitions. Now we have itself would enable Iran to construct equipment, and materials used and made a deal with Iran that will not the very kind of advanced military ar- over what time period. We do not have only legitimize the Islamic Republic as senal that could raise the cost of em- that information. a threshold nuclear state with an in- President Obama has said this deal is ploying our military option should it dustrial enrichment capability but will based on verification, not trust, but become necessary. In short, if this also unshackle this regime in its long- the means of verification are in many agreement fails and U.S. servicemem- held pursuit of conventional military cases suspect. This presents a major bers are called upon to take military power and may actually consolidate problem. We will vote in the coming action in Iran, their lives clearly would the Islamic Republic’s control in Iran days on the Iran deal, but we cannot be at greater risk because of the terms for years to come. The dangerous re- even read certain foundational docu- of this deal. sult is that our allies and partners will ments pertaining to how that verifica- As we debate the technical details of be increasingly likely to take matters tion will occur, and our own govern- this agreement, this is the bigger pic- into their own hands—and, indeed, we ment is not even a party to those ture we must stay focused on: the stra- already see evidence of that. agreements. I find that deeply trou- tegic implications of this agreement on These fateful decisions may well bling. It may account for, as more nuclear proliferation, regional secu- manifest themselves in a growing re- Americans know more about it, the rity, and the balance of power in an in- gional security competition, new arms overwhelming majority of Americans creasingly chaotic Middle East. This races, nuclear proliferation, and pos- who do not approve of this deal. has been the focus of our oversight on sible conflict, all of which would de- Even more troubling, however, is the Committee on Armed Services, and mand more, not less, U.S. leadership that the administration also conceded from this perspective, this bad Iran and presence in the region. its longstanding and repeated promises deal only looks that much worse. Ultimately, this is what I find most that its diplomacy was limited exclu- Iran is not just an arms control chal- troubling about the Iran deal. It em- sively to the nuclear fight. For nearly lenge; it is a geopolitical challenge. bodies and will likely exacerbate the a decade, the international arms em- For years, many of us have urged the collapse of America’s global influence bargo has significantly hurt Iran’s abil- administration to adopt a regional that is occurring under this adminis- ity to build up and modernize its aging strategy to counter Iran’s malign ac- tration and indeed has so often been military. tivities in the Middle East. The chair- catalyzed by its policies. Not long before the deal was an- man of the Foreign Relations Com- Just consider—just consider, my col- nounced, the Chairman of the Joint mittee pointed out what has been done leagues, how much more dangerous our Chiefs of Staff, before our committee— by these IEDs that Qasem Soleimani world has become. A malign form of General Dempsey—told the Committee sent into Iraq to kill and maim our Russian influence is expanding in Eu- on Armed Services that ‘‘under no cir- men and women who are serving in the rope and Eurasia. Vladimir Putin is cumstances should we relieve pressure military. Unfortunately, if such a using 21st century weapons to further on Iran relative to ballistic missile ca- strategy exists, there is no evidence of his 19th century ambitions of the Rus- pabilities and arms trafficking.’’ Is it. Instead, we have watched with sian Empire—most dramatically in

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.036 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6498 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 Ukraine where Putin seeks to annex distinction—is a warmonger—is a war- are coming and going on our side—we the territory of a sovereign country. monger. Again and again, where there know the next speaker is Senator FEIN- Our President goes to Estonia and should be leadership and statesman- STEIN, but it was a preagreed order of days later Russia abducts an Estonian ship, there is only a parade of truisms HATCH, CORNYN, BARRASSO, and GARD- agent on Estonian territory. What mes- and defeatist rhetoric and straw man NER. It is my understanding that we sage does that send? China’s leaders arguments and partisan attacks. may only have about 15 to 20 minutes also appear to feel emboldened. Our This has tainted and cheapened our of time left on our side until 5 o’clock. President visits Asia, and the next national discourse, as evidenced by the I just say that for the convenience of week China escalates tensions with a fact that unlike past landmark diplo- Members. U.S. partner in the South China Sea. matic agreements, this one will likely Will the Presiding Officer tell us ex- Our President visits Alaska and five— come into force on a party-line minor- actly how much time we have on our for the first time five Chinese warships ity vote. Let me emphasize that. This side? show up in the Aleutians, violating the Iranian deal will likely be rejected by a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Re- 12-mile limit. bipartisan majority of both Houses of publicans have approximately 101⁄2 min- Meanwhile, China continues its mili- Congress. If there is a precedent in utes remaining. tary modernization while building and American history for such a thing, I Mr. CORKER. I say that for the con- militarizing land features in inter- cannot think of it. venience of people on our side who may national waters. Again, there is no de- Indeed, a recent Pew poll found that come and go. That is the order. I know terrence. Cyber attacks against our only 21 percent of Americans approve that obviously—how much time does Nation are increasing in regularity and of the Iranian deal. This has also di- the Democratic side have? severity. In just the past year, we have minished our standing in the world. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The been attacked by North Korea, Iran, Our words ring hollow. Our reassur- Democrats have approximately 1 hour China, and Russia. The administration ances fail to reassure. Our warnings are 15 minutes. does what? Nothing. There is no deter- not heeded. Our redlines are crossed. Mr. CORKER. So just based on the rence, so the attacks continue. Our moral influence is being discred- process put forward by the minority We have watched the hard-won gains ited and tarnished. Americans sense whip—obviously we will have one more of our men and women in uniform melt this and so do our adversaries. They speaker over here. I assume you will away in Iraq following the President’s perceive it as weakness, and it is pro- have Democrats to fill the time on decision to withdraw all of our troops vocative. your side until 5. I want to make that in 2011 over the objections of his mili- We need leadership, a strategy, and known to people. Thank you. tary leaders and commanders on the policies to address this crisis in our The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ground. Of course, there is the conflict foreign policy, especially the broader ator from California. in Syria, which has claimed 220,000 threat posed by Iran. This larger re- Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I lives and counting, spawned the largest sponse should include, among other rise in strong support of the nuclear and most threatening terrorist army in steps, increasing sanctions against Iran agreement with Iran. I do so because I the world, involved the repeated use of for its malign activities in the Middle believe this diplomatic achievement weapons of mass destruction, desta- East and its human rights abuses, new provides the only option that prevents bilized the entire Middle East, and led security assistance for our allies and Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. to the largest refugee crisis in Europe partners in the region, and once and for I would like to take just a moment to since World War II. all eliminating the specter of seques- say thank you to our negotiating team There is no one who was not deeply tration. and commend them on a job that I be- moved by the picture of the 3-year-old This Congress should take up this ef- lieve was well done and to thank them baby on the beach. My friends, that is fort with new legislation. I look for- for their concerted effort to explain the a direct result of Obama’s foreign pol- ward to working on it with my col- agreement to the Congress over the icy and have no doubt about it. Amidst leagues on both sides of the aisle. That past 2 months. all of these growing threats, for 4 years time will come. However, the question I have been in this body for a long now the Budget Control Act and se- now before this body is whether to dis- time. There have been many different questration have cut our military by approve of the administration’s deal agreements. I can never remember a hundreds of billions of dollars for no with Iran. I will vote yes. I disapprove time where the Senate has been briefed strategic rationale whatsoever. Con- of this deal because it would not cut off more assiduously than it has with this gress has, unfortunately, been Iran’s path to a nuclear weapon, it agreement. As the Presiding Officer complicit in this disaster, but if the would pave a new one. I disapprove of knows, we sat this morning for 2 hours President showed as much personal en- this deal because it would legitimize and listened to the top heads of our in- gagement and willingness to com- the Islamic Republic as a threshold nu- telligence agencies discuss with us the promise with the Republicans as he did clear state with an industrial enrich- particulars of this agreement. with the Iranians, we could repeal the ment capability that will grow unfet- American negotiators have worked Budget Control Act and sequestration tered after the key terms of the deal with negotiators from the world’s and fund the government tomorrow. end. major powers—the United Kingdom, Through it all, my colleagues, what I disapprove of this deal because it France, Germany, China, Russia, and have we heard from our President? We unshackles Tehran’s pursuit of conven- the EU—and reached an agreement have been told that America’s influ- tional military power. I disapprove of that will prevent Iran from developing ence is limited, as if that is not always this deal because it rests on the as- a nuclear weapon for at least the next the case. We have been told there are sumption—the hope, really—that in a 15 years and I believe longer. no good options to the challenges we decade or so we may be dealing with a I cannot emphasize this enough: the face, as if there ever are in the real better Iranian regime. Yet the deal agreement represents the world coming world. We have been told we cannot itself will likely strengthen the current together to put an end to Iran’s nuclear solve every problem in the world, as if Iranian regime. This deal is not in our program. By contrast, if the Senate that absolves us from ever attempting national security interests. Congress disapproves of this agreement, we are to solve any problem. We have been and the American people should reject on our own. told the administration’s worst failures it. As of last night, 42 Senators have an- are always someone else’s fault and I yield the floor. nounced their support for the agree- that no policy of theirs, after 6 years in The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. COT- ment. In practical terms, that means power, is ever to blame. TON). The Senator from Tennessee. the Senate will not disapprove of this We have been told the only alter- Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, as has agreement. We have conducted a full native to our current mess of a foreign been said, the time is equally divided. review and the opponents of this deal policy is war and that anyone who dis- Obviously, Republicans have spent a have failed, but the opponents are still agrees with this President—Repub- great deal of time on the floor. The holding out the false hope that there licans and Democrats; they make no order, just for people on our side who can be a better deal.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.038 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6499 Let me be clear: there is no better international investment in Iran’s our country are diminished. Our ability deal. No one, no state, no leader has economy. to lead against global threats, to be the proposed one. The only alternative to The sanctions worked. Iran elected a indispensable nation, I believe, ends. the agreement we now have is no reform government with a new Presi- I understand that many Members of agreement at all. Should the Congress dent to negotiate an end to the sanc- the Senate don’t support our President, reject this accord, the United States, tions and revive its economy. And de- but by disapproving of this agreement which led this effort, would be desert- spite its doubts, Iran sent a negoti- we also undermine the ability of any ing our allies and negotiating partners. ating team to meet with the govern- future President to speak for the That is because this is not just an ments of the P5+1 nations. United States and carry out his or her agreement between the United States In November 2013 we signed the in- constitutional role in conducting for- and Iran. It is an agreement between terim agreement that froze and even eign policy. the world’s major powers, the largest reversed Iran’s nuclear program. Ac- I have been involved in national secu- most powerful Nations in the world, cording to the IAEA, and verified by rity issues for many years, and I can’t and Iran. It is one approved by the 15 U.S. intelligence, Iran has abided by recall a time in recent memory when members of the United Nations Secu- the interim agreement for more than the world was united to this degree on rity Council. 11⁄2 years. As we all know, in July 2015 such a complex issue. Even Russia and Brent Scowcroft, someone I know the P5+1 signed the final agreement, China are with us. We shouldn’t squan- well, see annually, and the former Na- officially known as the Joint Com- der the opportunity. tional Security Advisor to President prehensive Plan of Action. Many of my colleagues have already George H.W. Bush, recently wrote: The agreement is the result of years described the terms of the agreement There is no credible alternative were Con- of careful diplomacy among the world’s and how it constrains and allows for in- gress to prevent U.S. participation in the nu- powers. It was only possible because trusive monitoring of Iran’s nuclear clear deal. If we walk away, we walk away other nations abided by our sanctions program. For me, the arguments of alone. at their own economic sacrifice. They Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz are I think it may be helpful to remind believe that these sanctions worked, particularly persuasive. As we all my colleagues and the American people have achieved their result, and now know, he is a distinguished nuclear how we got where we are today. First should be suspended as Iran dismantles physicist from MIT, and he played a of all, preventing Iran from acquiring a much of its nuclear infrastructure. central role in the negotiations. He is a nuclear weapon has been a long- These countries, which were so critical true expert of unimpeachable integrity, standing and bipartisan national secu- to our ability to impose sanctions, and he knows the nuclear world. rity objective. In 2003, Europe led the have told us directly they won’t go He has said over and over again—and first effort to halt Iran’s nuclear pro- back to the table to negotiate a new I have heard it personally at least five gram. The next decade saw five sepa- deal. times—that every pathway to a bomb— rate major rounds of failed negotia- To my colleagues who plan to vote in plutonium, uranium, and covert—is tions and an ever-advancing Iranian opposition to this agreement, I hope blocked by this deal. The deal blocks nuclear program. Iran went from hav- they have thought long and hard about Iran’s uranium pathway to a bomb at ing a few centrifuges spinning to being what message this would send to the Natanz and Fordow by reducing Iran’s a threshold nuclear power. world. The consequences of rejecting installed centrifuges by two-thirds— Following the revelations that Iran this carefully negotiated deal would from more than 19,000 to 6,000—for at was installing centrifuges at Natanz reach far beyond Iran. It would signal least 10 years. It reduces Iran’s stock- last decade and disclosure in 2012 by that the United States isn’t willing or pile of enriched uranium by more than our government and allies that Iran able to lead the world in confronting 97 percent, to no more than 300 kilo- was turning a mountain near Qom into global challenges. grams of 3.67 percent enriched uranium a deeply buried centrifuge chamber, Since the agreement was reached, I for 15 years, not enough nuclear mate- Iran has seen sanctions escalate and have spoken with many diplomats and rial for a single weapon. It requires in- felt international isolation, but its nu- statesmen. They are scratching their trusive IAEA inspections of Iran’s cen- clear enrichment continued and ad- heads, wondering why the U.S. Con- trifuge production—their careful label- vanced. gress is lining up with Iranian hard-lin- ing—and storage facilities for 20 years. The United States, with strong sup- ers in opposition to this agreement, in- And it requires IAEA inspections for 25 port from this Chamber, led an effort stead of siding with the UK, France, years of Iran’s entire nuclear supply to install devastating multilateral Germany, Russia, and China, along chain. sanctions with the goal of bringing with all the other members of the U.N. The agreement blocks Iran’s pluto- Iran to the negotiating table. Those Security Council. nium pathway to a bomb at Arak by sanctions were effective because they Last week, Saudi Arabia announced modifying Iran’s only heavy water re- were supported by the world’s powers its support for the agreement. Foreign actor so that it cannot produce weap- and importers of Iranian oil. In fact, Minister Adel Al-Jubeir, who is known ons-grade plutonium and requires all the United States does not do much to many in this body, concluded his spent fuel capable of being reprocessed business with Iran. We do not import country’s support by saying this agree- for plutonium to be shipped out of the Iranian oil and U.S. banks don’t proc- ment ‘‘will contribute to security and country. ess Iranian financial transactions. Uni- stability in the region by preventing The agreement blocks Iran’s covert lateral U.S. sanctions are of little Iran from acquiring a nuclear capa- plutonium pathway to a bomb nation- value by themselves, unless we are bility.’’ wide by requiring 24/7 IAEA access to willing to sanction allies’ banks. During the August recess, a former all of Iran’s declared nuclear sites for Indeed, multiple U.N. resolutions, EU head of state from one of our closest al- 15 years and by empowering the IAEA sanctions, and the cooperation of our lies sat with me and said: ‘‘You know, to use its most advanced monitoring partners and allies successfully pres- we are one of the nations you trust the techniques and equipment to ensure sured Iran over its nuclear activities. most. We follow U.S. leadership and Iran cannot tamper with its devices or Over time, the international sanctions have agreed to the Iran deal, and now evade nuclear monitoring, and it guar- that we helped build and continually your Congress wants to back out. Why antees IAEA access to any suspected— enforced reduced Iranian oil exports should we ever follow you again?’’ suspected—nuclear site within 24 days, from 2.5 million barrels per day to less Many diplomats I have spoken with including military facilities, and pro- than 1 million, reduced the number of have echoed the former Prime Min- viding access to all of Iran’s nuclear countries that import Iranian oil from ister’s statement. If Congress rejects sites under the Nuclear Non-Prolifera- 23 to 6, prohibited Iran from repa- the agreement, the world will be un- tion Treaty permanently. triating more than $100 billion in for- likely to follow us on other important Most notably, the agreement imposes eign currency, reduced Iran’s GDP by issues in the future and I believe the a perpetual prohibition against Iran nearly 6 percent in 1 year, caused Executive foreign policy obligations ever seeking, developing or acquiring a major inflation, and basically ended and responsibilities of a President of nuclear weapon.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.039 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6500 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 The terms of this agreement are un- reject this nuclear agreement or ignore claimed that those chanting ‘‘Death to paralleled. The IAEA has never had the possibility of resolving the region’s America’’ in Iran are ‘‘making common this kind of access in any country. As crises in favor of the myth of a better cause with the Republican caucus.’’ the vice chairman of the Intelligence deal. There is no better deal. That is the President of the United Committee, I can say we have looked For these reasons, I join the large States. I would like to point out there at this issue very carefully. numbers of diplomats, scientists, re- are several influential leaders of the As the Presiding Officer knows, as tired U.S. flag officers, rabbis, arms President’s own party who are opposed late as this morning, I can say that if controls advocates, national security to this deal and they include some of Iran doesn’t comply with its obliga- experts, and intelligence professionals this Chamber’s most expert and re- tions, we will know about it, and we in supporting this agreement with spected Members in the field of foreign will be able to snap-back the sanctions Iran. affairs. that are suspended under this agree- I urge my colleagues, most sincerely, First of all, the ranking member of ment. to oppose the resolution of disapproval the Foreign Relations Committee, Sen- The administration has provided and support this historic agreement. ator CARDIN, to whom I personally ex- Congress with documents detailing the I yield the floor. press my admiration and respect for verification measures in this agree- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. his courage—he pointed out in his re- ment. At an unclassified level, the ex- GARDNER). The majority whip. marks, when he announced he would Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I lis- ecutive branch has written: ‘‘The vote for the resolution of disapproval, tened carefully to the eloquent re- United States is confident that it will that the deal ‘‘legitimizes Iran’s nu- marks of the distinguished Senator be able to verify that Iran is complying clear program.’’ He also said: ‘‘Under from California and all of the countries with its commitments under the this agreement, Iran is permitted to be JCPOA, including its commitment not around the world that embrace this deal, and I didn’t hear mentioned once able to enrich to a level that will take to pursue a nuclear weapon.’’ them extremely close to breakout, le- The Senate has also received a classi- the nation of Israel, our most signifi- cant and important ally in the Middle gally.’’ fied annex to the assessment from the The junior Senator from Maryland East. And it is because, in fact, they do intelligence community, which I think has made clear he shares the concerns some of my colleagues have reviewed, not approve. As we have heard from the Prime many of us have expressed; that this and I would hope everyone would. The deal leaves far too much of Iran’s nu- Senate Intelligence Committee has Minister several months ago, this clear infrastructure intact and indeed met with the heads of the U.S. intel- paves the way to a nuclear weapon. It legitimizes their nuclear program— ligence agencies—as I just said—as re- completely transforms American pol- something our stated national policy cently as this morning to receive testi- icy, which had been to deny Iran a nu- clear weapon, and it paves the path to just a short time ago was to oppose. mony and ask questions on our ability The senior Senator from New York, to ensure that Iran is complying with a nuclear weapon. Mr. SCHUMER—perhaps one of the Mem- the terms of the nuclear agreement. But as I was contemplating this de- bers on that side of the aisle whose From the reports and those hearings, I bate, I decided it was important for me vote was most anticipated before he am very comfortable saying that the to visit with Rick Kupke of Arlington, announced it—announced he is for the covert path to a bomb is closed, period. TX. Rick was one of 53 Americans who I recognize that this agreement were held hostage and held for 14 resolution of disapproval. He said: ‘‘I doesn’t address other problems the months in Iran at the time of the Ira- believe Iran will not change, and under United States and the international nian Revolution. In an interview with this agreement it will be able to community have with Iran. Iran con- one of our newspapers in Fort Worth, achieve its dual goals of eliminating tinues to support terrorist groups, prop when asked about this deal with Iran, sanctions while ultimately retaining up Bashar al-Assad, and undermine sta- he said: its nuclear and non-nuclear power.’’ bility across the Middle East. It is a se- This is probably the worst agreement of Senator SCHUMER makes the point rial abuser of human rights and is im- this kind I’ve seen in my lifetime. that Iran has gotten everything it properly detaining American citizens. This is an experienced, seasoned For- wants. It has a pathway to a nuclear These are, of course, reprehensible eign Service officer. He continued: weapon, it has retained its nuclear in- policies and, of course, we will con- I don’t know why they think the Iranians frastructure, and it has gotten an tinue to oppose them. But a nuclear- are going to abide by any agreement. They elimination of sanctions. armed Iran would dramatically com- never have. The former chairman and ranking pound these problems. So I approach this agreement be- member of the Senate Foreign Rela- In my view, this agreement presents tween President Obama and the regime tions Committee, Senator MENENDEZ, us with an opportunity to begin a in Tehran with a tremendous amount on August 18 announced his decision to broader discussion with Iran. As Iran, of skepticism. oppose this bad deal. He said the deal hopefully, will become more integrated But this debate shouldn’t be a par- ‘‘failed to achieve the one thing it set into the global community and give up tisan one, and I worry that it is quick- out to achieve—it failed to stop Iran some of its bad ways, we can test ly becoming partisan, based on the from becoming a nuclear weapons state whether Iran will move toward re- stated intention of the minority leader, at a time of its choosing.’’ In fact, he joining the community of nations. Re- Senator REID, the Senator from Ne- said it ‘‘authorizes and supports the jecting this agreement only strength- vada, to actually filibuster and prevent very roadmap Iran will need to arrive ens the hard-liners who lead the chants an up-or-down vote on this resolution at its target.’’ of ‘‘Death to America.’’ of disapproval. This is something that These are not members of the Repub- Eighty-eight percent of Iranians are apparently is being actively encour- lican caucus. These are respected mem- under the age of 54, and 41 percent are aged by the President of the United bers of the Democratic caucus. under the age of 25. They defied pre- States. Just a short time after the There used to be a time—and I hope dictions and elected a moderate re- President himself signed the bill—a bi- it returns quickly—where matters of placement to President Ahmadinejad partisan bill with 98 votes in the Sen- this gravity and seriousness, threats to in the hopes that Iran will chart a new ate, which sets up the procedure by our national security, were treated course. Clearly, this agreement won’t which this resolution will be voted on— with bipartisan cooperation and con- change Iran’s behavior overnight, and the President, the minority leader, sensus building, but apparently the it would be unrealistic to expect Iran’s and, apparently, many Democrats are President didn’t get that memo—en- cooperation on every issue, but it tempted to filibuster this most impor- couraging folks on that side of the would also be foolish to throw the op- tant national security issue that I have aisle to prevent even an up-or-down portunity away and to give the hard- confronted and seen since I have been vote on the resolution of disapproval liners another reason to turn their in the Senate—and many would say and presumably cutting short the de- backs on reform. during their lifetime. bate and hoping people across America More importantly, I am not willing The President has really taken the aren’t really paying attention to ex- to cede America’s global leadership to low road, I am sorry to say. He has actly how bad this deal is and how

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.042 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6501 much it makes the world more dan- the passage of the Iran review act. Sen- In response to these undeniable reali- gerous rather than safer. ator COONS. ties, we have successfully built a global I hope our colleagues, even if they The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- coalition over the past decade united in will vote for this deal or will vote ator from Delaware. their determination to prevent Iran against the resolution of disapproval— Mr. COONS. Mr. President, I rise to from acquiring a nuclear weapon. I hope they will allow us to have the discuss one of the greatest threats we They, too, see clearly the threat of a sort of fulsome debate this serious face today in America, a great threat nuclear-armed Iran. Bipartisan actions issue deserves. Then they will be held to our vital ally Israel and to global se- by Congress and the administration to accountable, as we will, for their vote curity—the nuclear weapons ambitions enact and enforce sanctions have either for or against the resolution of of Iran and the options that remain be- brought us to this point where our disapproval. fore us for blocking those ambitions. major European allies, as well as Rus- I note that President Obama seems On July 14, after years of negotia- sia and China—countries with which to want to arrogate to himself not even tions between the United States, our we often disagree—have all signed off an authority that the Ayatollah international partners, and Iran, the on a comprehensive agreement to roll Khamenei appears to have. Ayatollah administration reached a comprehen- back and restrain Iran’s nuclear pro- Khamenei said the Iranian Parliament sive agreement to freeze and roll back gram. The challenge we are discussing will vote on this deal, but apparently aspects of Iran’s nuclear program in ex- on the floor today is whether to move President Obama doesn’t feel the change for relief from the sanctions ahead with our partners in this deal or United States Senate should have the that have crippled Iran’s economy. Our to turn aside from it and attempt to same opportunity the Iranian Par- key partners in imposing and enforcing seek a stronger deal. liament is going to have—to vote on the sanctions that drove Iran to the ne- From the day it was announced, this the merits or lack of merits on this gotiating table—the UK, Germany, agreement has been sharply criticized deal. France, the EU, China, and Russia— by many in Congress and by the leaders I hope our colleagues across the aisle also joined in negotiating and ulti- of our vital ally Israel. After a close will rethink their partisan opposition mately ratifying this deal. reading of this lengthy and complex to actually even having an up-or-down Thanks to bipartisan legislation that agreement, I, too, have deep and per- vote on the resolution of disapproval. passed this Chamber nearly unani- sistent concerns about this deal. This could well be, as many have said mously, Congress is now fulfilling its If Iran simply complies with the before me, one of the most consequen- duty to review this deal under the au- plain language of this deal, it will first tial foreign policy issues to come be- thority of the Iran Nuclear Agreement gain tens of billions of dollars in sanc- fore us in a long time, and we ought to Review Act. As a public servant and tions relief that it will likely use to treat it with that sort of seriousness. Member of this body, I am grateful for strengthen its support for terrorism The American people need to listen— the opportunity to join my colleagues and its proxies and rogue regimes and and they are listening—and they will to thoughtfully debate this vital and that will make it more resilient to fu- hold all of us accountable for our deci- important issue. As a body, we owe ture sanctions. Most importantly, the sions. that to the American people. As a Sen- deal leaves in place key nuclear facili- Mr. President, I yield the floor. ator from Delaware, I owe that to Dela- ties and programs that over 10 to 15 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- wareans—to participate in a vigorous years or more will allow Iran to de- ator from Maryland. debate on an issue with profound and velop a large-scale uranium enrich- Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, I have far-reaching consequences, not just for ment capability that could be used to been listening to my friend from Texas, our Nation but for the whole global quickly make material for nuclear and I couldn’t agree with him more community. weapons if it decides to violate this about the need for us to work in a bi- In preparation for this vote, I have agreement and the nonproliferation partisan manner to strengthen Amer- dedicated myself to studying and un- treaty. ica’s foreign policy. derstanding the content and con- To look at those realities and not I believe in the independence of Con- sequences of the deal, and I am grateful recognize them as significant chal- gress, and I very much support, along to the bipartisan leadership of Chair- lenges or flaws would be to miss the with Senator CORKER, the review we man CORKER and Ranking Member core content of this deal. On the other are doing. I think this is critically im- CARDIN in convening more than a dozen hand, the agreement achieves several portant to the American people. We are hearings of the Foreign Relations Com- critical goals that could not be easily having our debate, as we should. I do mittee, as well as classified briefings; achieved by any other means, that think, though, that while we are an to the dozens of experts who came be- freeze or roll back Iran’s nuclear ambi- independent branch, when this debate fore us, both against and in favor of the tions. To get any sanctions relief, Iran is over, we have to come together and deal, to provide us with analysis and must give up 97 percent of its existing work in the best interests of America, insight; and to the thousands of Dela- stockpile of 12 tons of enriched ura- and I look forward to broad support in wareans who have reached out to me nium. It must disable two-thirds of Congress to do everything in our power by phone, by email, by text, and in per- their 19,000 centrifuges and perma- to make sure Iran does not become a son to express their strongly held views nently restructure its heavy water re- nuclear weapons state. I think we can, both against and for this agreement. actor at Arak so it can no longer in a positive way, as we move forward. As are many of my fellow Dela- produce weapons-grade plutonium. I mentioned yesterday when I was on wareans and Americans, I am deeply I have heard no questions or chal- the floor about things we can do. suspicious of Iran, the world’s leading lenges to the technical aspects of these Yes, there is disagreement on wheth- state sponsor of terrorism. I am also significant accomplishments in the er to vote for or against the resolution deeply suspicious of Iran’s intentions deal. of disapproval, but I hope there is no for its nuclear program, given its long Most importantly, in my mind, Iran disagreement that we need to work to- record of cheating on past deals and of has agreed to thorough, intrusive, gether with a broad consensus of Con- consistently expressing virulently anti- around-the-clock inspections of all of gress to give this country its strongest American, anti-Semitic, and anti- its declared and known nuclear sites, possible position moving forward, Israel views. its uranium mines, uranium mills, cen- whether this agreement is approved or Iran is a dangerous regime that is trifuge production, and uranium en- not. today dangerously close to having richment facilities for 15 years and With that, Mr. President, I yield to enough fissile material to build a nu- more. Iran pledges under this agree- one of the important members of the clear bomb. A nuclear-armed Iran ment to abandon all efforts to develop Senate Foreign Relations Committee, would be a profound threat to our Na- or acquire a nuclear weapon, and the the junior Senator from Delaware, who tion’s security and our interests U.N. has ratified a unique arrangement has spent a lot of time on this issue. He around the world, as well as the secu- under which the United States alone is has been a very constructive member rity of our vital ally, Israel, and all of able to reimpose U.N. sanctions on Iran of our committee, very instrumental in our partners in the Middle East. for cheating on this deal at any point.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.043 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6502 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 Finally, our own military and intel- United States to lead a coalesced glob- for which I will fight. While we reserve ligence community confirm that the al community in containing the spread the right to use force, if necessary, to option of military action against Iran of nuclear weapons. I support this deal prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear remains available at all times and will aware of its flaws, and I am committed weapon, we should uphold the inter- only be strengthened by the significant to working tirelessly with my col- national system that we helped create, additional intelligence we will likely leagues to overcome the limitations of and to do so we should support this gain through regular inspections of the agreement, to ensure the security deal. Iran’s nuclear infrastructure. of Israel, and to contain and deter The legitimacy of this order is yet While many Americans, including Iran’s ambitions. another reason we must ensure ade- thousands in my home State, have ex- That is why I did not make my final quate oversight and verification of this pressed strong opinions about this decision to support this deal until I se- nuclear deal because its failure will be agreement, and while I, too, agree with cured, to me, valuable additional com- a blow to the international system many criticisms of this deal, none of us mitments from the administration—in- which gave it birth. knows with certainty what will happen cluding a letter from the President of- In closing, Scripture offers us many if instead Congress rejects this agree- fering specific reassurances across stories, from Genesis to Deuteronomy ment. Will the strength of the U.S. seven different areas, including that to Isaiah and the gospels, in which we banking system and our unilateral our allies and other members of the are encouraged to pursue diplomacy be- sanctions genuinely be strong enough P5+1 will stick by us in strictly enforc- fore resorting to conflict. My support to force our key allies and Iran back to ing this deal, even as their economic of this agreement in no small part is an the negotiating table? Is it possible to engagements with Iran grow, and that attempt to heed that advice. negotiate a stronger deal than this or we will continue to aggressively and by We cannot trust Iran. But this deal, will the nations that have dedicated all means necessary address Iran’s sup- based on distrust, verification, deter- years, along with us, to these negotia- port for terrorism and its proxies, and rence, and strong multilateral diplo- tions now abandon sanctions and pro- that our commitment to Israel’s secu- macy, ultimately, I have concluded, of- ceed without us to implement the deal rity will remain unshakeable. fers us our best opportunity to prevent with Iran, simply isolating us rather Moving forward, I hope to work with a nuclear-armed Iran. than Iran? colleagues to focus on strengthening I support this deal with my eyes wide Meetings and discussions I have held Israel’s conventional military deter- open, aware of its flaws as well as its with ambassadors of our key partners, rent against Iran, vigorously inter- potential, and I will remain committed as well as with leaders in financial pol- dicting and countering Iranian support to work with my colleagues to mini- icy and foreign policy, have ultimately for terrorism and its proxies, strength- mize the negative consequences and en- persuaded me we are unlikely to be ening the nonproliferation treaty, so sure we reap the maximum benefits of able to reimpose effective multilateral that in 15 years Iran leaves one cage— this agreement. sanctions and renegotiate our way to a the JCPOA—and enters another—the Mr. President, I yield the floor. better deal if we reject this one. constraints of an appropriately The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Don’t just take my word for it. strengthened and bolstered NPT, and ator from Maryland. Former Secretary of the Treasury developing a clear and thorough plan Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, I thank Henry Paulson and former Chairman of with our European allies for active en- Senator COONS. I know he went the Fed Board Paul Volcker have forcement to enact a policy of zero tol- through a very deliberative process in reached the same conclusion publicly erance of Iranian cheating on the reaching his conclusions. I know of his and in a whole series of private con- agreement. commitment to preventing Iran from versations have reinforced my conclu- There are few votes in the Senate having a nuclear weapons capacity, his sion. that will have as much consequence to strong support for regional security in Last week I delivered an address at the security of our Nation and Israel’s the State of Israel. I know the process the University of Delaware in my home as this one. I am voting to support this he went through because we had many State to explain in more detail why I agreement not because I think it is conversations during the August re- have ultimately decided to support this perfect or because I believe it is a per- cess. I know his statement is heartfelt, deal. Today I am here to speak to my fect mechanism to end nuclear pro- and I know he did what he thought was colleagues in the Senate because I be- liferation. I am voting for it because I best. I just want to underscore that and lieve strongly this floor must be a believe it is our most credible oppor- thank him for his counsel and friend- place of vigorous, spirited, and honest tunity in our current situation to lead ship. debate. Though nearly every one of my a global community in containing a I am going to yield to Senator KAINE. colleagues—in fact, probably as of profound nuclear threat while pre- Before I do that, I think it is important today all of my colleagues—have made serving America’s ability in the future to point out that we are here today in their arguments, announced their posi- to use economic power and military this review in a very open and trans- tions and decisions, and discussed their might to successfully dismantle Iran’s parent way in large measure because of conclusions, as I have in my home nuclear program should diplomacy fail. Senator KAINE. State and as many others have with My support for this agreement also Senator CORKER filed a review stat- the media, I still believe we cannot ig- represents a statement about U.S. lead- ute—I guess it was now several months nore this floor as an important place ership of an international system based ago—and through conversations with for debate and discussion. I think it is on institutions that we developed fol- Senator KAINE he was able to get a particularly important on an issue that lowing the Second World War to help framework that ultimately led to the has always in the past garnered such bring about a rules-based international passage of the Iran Nuclear Agreement strong and bipartisan support as our system of mutual security. Review Act by a 98-to-1 vote on the Nation’s enduring support for Israel. The United Nations and the IAEA floor of the U.S. Senate. I was proud to So let me be clear about my position were established following the great be part of that effort, working with and where I stand. I will support this conflict of the Second World War to Senator CORKER, but it would not have agreement and vote against measures help prevent the spread and threat of been possible without Senator KAINE. to disapprove it in this Congress. I will nuclear war. We, the United States, He was the one who recognized that we support this agreement because it puts helped lead the establishment of these needed to find a common path—a non- us on a known path of limiting Iran’s institutions just as we led the inter- partisan path—for a transparent review nuclear program for 15 years with the national community to reach this deal that protected not just the role of the full support of the international com- to limit Iran’s nuclear program. United States Congress, but the execu- munity. The alternative, I fear, is a While neither our current inter- tive and legislative branch, and I ap- scenario of uncertainty and isolation. national system nor this deal with Iran plaud him for those efforts. Finally, I will support this agree- is perfect, they represent the collective Senator KAINE is a very valuable ment despite its significant flaws be- will of our international partners and a member of the Senate Foreign Rela- cause it is the better strategy for the vision for America’s place in the world tions Committee, one of our most

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.044 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6503 trusted members in so many areas of get with this deal, for 15 years dis- tions required of all NPT members. The foreign policy, and I am proud to have abling two-thirds of the centrifuges, for IAEA inspections—130-plus inspectors him as my friend and colleague. 15 years rolling back enriched uranium in the country—will enable us to catch I yield the floor to Senator KAINE. to 300 kilograms—not even enough for Iran cheating and give us the intel that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- one weapon—for permanently disabling will be incredibly helpful if we ever ator from Virginia. the plutonium facility, for 25 years en- need to take military action against Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, I thank hanced inspections—more than any na- them. It is that inspections intel that my ranking member and friend, the tion has to comply with—we get in this caused our two former colleagues, Sen- Senator from Maryland, for those kind deal much better than we would have ators John Warner and Carl Levin— words. with the status quo that existed before chairs of the Armed Services Com- Mr. President, I rise to discuss the diplomacy, and that is why I support mittee—to write an article recently, Iran deal currently being debated in it. ‘‘Why Hawks Should Also Back the the Senate. We have not had a national The second point, the argument Iran Deal.’’ It is because inspections security issue during my time in the about the 60-vote threshold. I am sur- give us intel, which increases the credi- Senate that has received so much at- prised to hear arguments on the floor bility of our military threat. tention in committee and on the floor that it is somehow wrong to use a 60- Now, the Vice President’s response to of this body as this, and that is appro- vote threshold on this bill. When I was this, interestingly enough, is: Wait. We priate. The debate has been, and will in my first 2 years in the Senate and in can’t trust IAEA inspections. They are continue to be, thorough and vigorous. the majority, the 60-vote threshold was going to do it wrong. They have the That is appropriate, and I respect the used on everything—immigration, min- wrong protocols, and we can’t trust views of my colleagues regardless of imum wage, turning off the sequester. them. how they will vote on this matter. Sometimes we exceeded the 60-vote Folks, that argument has been made I wish to spend a few minutes recap- threshold. Many times we exceeded 50 in this body before by the Vice Presi- ping why I support the deal. I did speak votes, but we couldn’t get to 60 on min- dent and others. Vice President Cheney promoted that we go to war with Iraq, on the floor early in August about this. imum wage. We couldn’t get to 60 on and he repeatedly made the case in 2002 Since that time, a number of leaders turning off the threshold, but there was and 2003 that we had to do that to stop have come out in support of the deal: an insistence: We need to get to 60 Iraq’s nuclear weapons program. Two former Senators John Warner, Richard votes. I can’t think of a single issue of weeks before the war began, in early Lugar, Sam Nunn, and Carl Levin; Gen- importance in my first 2 years in the March, the IAEA issued a report indi- eral Brent Scowcroft, General Colin Senate where the 60-vote threshold cating, ‘‘we have to date found no evi- Powell; and today, former head of the wasn’t invoked. IAEA Commission Uzi Eilam. After I As my ranking member, Senator dence or plausible indication of the re- vival of a nuclear weapons program in briefly talk about my reasons for sup- CARDIN, mentioned, I was one of the co- Iraq.’’ The Vice President then went to port, I want to address three final authors of the Review Act under which the airwaves with others and led a points: one, the Republican argument we are now proceeding. The act was campaign to trash the credibility of on the floor today that it is wrong to clear, and it was understood by all that the IAEA, to say that neither the in- have a 60-vote threshold for the vote on action in the Senate to pass either a tegrity of their inspections nor their a resolution of disapproval; two, the ar- motion of approval or a motion of dis- accuracy could be trusted. After that, guments that Vice President Cheney approval, either one, would be by a 60- we entered into war against Iraq say- made against the deal yesterday; three, vote threshold. We talked about this ing that the IAEA was wrong. And finally, the place of vigorous diplo- explicitly in committee, we talked what did we find? What we found was macy as a tool of American strength. about it before the vote on the floor, the inspectors and investigators and So first, to quickly recap why I sup- and we voted in favor of the act by a port the deal: I support it because it is engineers and scientists of the IAEA 98-to-1 margin. I think the current ma- were right, and Vice President Cheney better than the status quo for 15 to 25 jority party understood that. As was and others were wrong. We have been years. I don’t compare it with a hypo- indicated in the letter of 47 to the lead- down the path before of trying to trash thetical alternative. We can create a ership of Iran, it was stated very plain- the IAEA and said they couldn’t be hypothetical to justify a position. If we ly we would understand this would be a trusted, and it was a horrible disservice can, let’s talk about the status quo. three-fifths, 60-vote threshold. That is to America and the world that we Before diplomacy started, Iran had what happens in the Senate, so we didn’t give those inspections a chance. rocketed ahead to 19,000 centrifuges shouldn’t change the rules now. We shouldn’t go down that path again. and 12,000 kilograms of enriched ura- The debate has been full, vigorous, The Vice President made a second ar- nium, a plutonium reprocessing facil- and fair. We have spent a lot of time on gument yesterday—here is a different ity under construction, and we had this and we are going to spend more, and better strategy for dealing with very few inspections. The system was and that is appropriate. There is now a Iran—the same strategy that the pre- very opaque. That was the status quo. complete accountability because all 100 vious administration followed: Heavy The best description of the Iranian Senators have declared exactly where sanctions, threats of military force, status quo was the description that they are and their position. We should but no diplomacy. Prime Minister Netanyahu made to the stick with the agreement we made a But the Cheney doctrine didn’t work U.N. in September of 2012. That was a few months ago, and treat this Resolu- with Iran. Under that strategy, the Ira- speech known because he drew a bomb tion of Disapproval under a 60-vote nian nuclear program rocketed ahead, dialogue, and that sort of cartoon was rule. centrifuges, enriched uranium, growing known. But if we go into the guts of his Point No. 3, the Vice President’s ar- by the day. The Prime Minister of speech, he gave a description of where guments yesterday. I respond to them Israel, Prime Minister Netenyahu, ac- the Iranian program was, and then he because I think Vice President Cheney knowledged this before the U.N. in Sep- concluded and he said this: I want to basically made two arguments, and tember of 2012. And when the Vice thank the international community be- they are the two arguments that have President was confronted with this by cause the sanctions you have imposed been repeated in different ways on the Chris Wallace over the weekend on tel- together have hurt the Iranian econ- floor. Let me address those two main evision, he had no answer for it. He omy, but ‘‘we have to face the truth.’’ arguments. couldn’t answer for it because the ad- The sanctions have not stopped the Ira- No. 1, we can’t trust Iran. I agree. I vance of the Iranian program under the nian nuclear program. In fact, there is think everyone on the Democratic side Cheney doctrine cannot be disputed. a pretty good argument that the sanc- agrees, and there is nothing about this I was interested in his speech yester- tions accelerated the program. deal that involves trust. That is why day when he tried to justify that the So if we go back to the status quo, it we have insisted that Iran subject strategy had worked when they tried is an accelerated program, with 19,000 itself to intrusive inspections by the it. Again, he ignored it. centrifuges and enough enriched ura- IAEA for 25 years, and then, following So if we go back to the preferred doc- nium for multiple weapons. What we that, to the additional protocol inspec- trine of no diplomacy, sanctions, and

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Those who have spoken Let me conclude with a story about pledge that they will never pursue, de- out against this agreement, including my favorite President, Harry Truman. velop or acquire nuclear weapons, caps many in this Chamber, and those who Truman was a bold and courageous on their programs for 15 years, and in- have made every effort to thwart the wartime President. He fought in World spections forever. These tools will in- diplomatic process are many of the War I as a captain. He made tough de- crease our intelligence. They will in- same people who spoke out forcefully cisions to use the atomic weapons in crease our legal justification to take and irresponsibly about the need to go Japan. He came back to a war-weary military action if they break the to war with Iraq—one of the worst for- Congress and said: Give military sup- pledge that is in paragraph 1 of the eign policy blunders in the modern his- port to Greece against Soviet bloc ex- agreement. tory of our country. Sadly, people such pansion. He came to a war-weary Con- It will also increase the likelihood as former Vice President Dick Cheney gress and said: We have to put troops that America will have global support and many of the other neocons who into North Korea. Nobody would say if military action is necessary. But pushed us into war in Iraq were not Harry Truman was a softy. He had what if we walk away from diplomacy only tragically wrong then; they are military bona fides. Truman also was now? We lose the military intelligence wrong now. Unfortunately, these indi- the President who made sure that that inspections will give us. We give viduals have learned nothing from the America was the first nation to recog- up a clear legal justification for mili- results of that disastrous policy and nize the State of Israel, and he always tary action if—God forbid—we should how it destabilized that entire region. I held that as one of his proudest accom- need it. We weaken the likelihood that fear that many of my Republican col- plishments. It is one of the reasons other nations will support military ac- leagues do not understand that war that he is my favorite President. tion if it is necessary. must be a last resort, not the first re- In October 1945, 70 years ago next In this case, diplomacy strengthens— sort. It is easy to go to war. It is not so month, President Truman did some- not weakens—the American credibility easy to fully comprehend the unin- thing that seems minor but was really of our military threat. Trying diplo- tended consequences of that war. important. He called reporters into his macy here will keep the world’s atten- As the former Chairman of the Sen- office at the White House and said: I tion on Iranian behavior. Walking ate Veterans’ Affairs Committee, I have something to show you. away from diplomacy here will put the have talked to veterans from World He unveiled that he had redesigned world’s attention on American negoti- War II to Iraq, and I have learned a lit- the seal of the Presidency of the United ating tactics and why we decided that tle bit about what the cost of war en- States. The seal is the eagle. The seal we would rather go it alone. I believe tails. In Iraq and Afghanistan, we lost has the arrows of war in one claw and the article I branch should send the over 6,700 brave men and women, and the olive branches of diplomacy in the message that we value diplomacy as a many others have come home without other claw. Truman had redesigned the first option, just as President Truman legs, without arms, and without eye- seal so that the eagle was now turned did 70 years ago. sight. Let us not forget that 500,000 vet- to face the olive branches of diplomacy I yield the floor. erans of the wars in Iraq and Afghani- before the arrows of war—this wartime The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- stan came back to their families with President. He explained: Look, I am a ator from Maryland. post-traumatic stress disorder and wartime President and I will use mili- Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, I thank traumatic brain injury—500,000 brave tary force, but American values are Senator KAINE for his leadership on the Americans. The suicide rate of young such that we should always prefer di- review act. I know the statements and veterans is appallingly high. The di- plomacy before the military. his position are heartfelt and ones that vorce rate of those who served is ap- We have the strongest military in the he comes to with full passion. I thank pallingly high, and the impact on their world. As a Virginian, I am so proud of the Senator very much for his con- children is appallingly high. God knows it. We use it when needed. I have voted tribution. how many families have been dev- twice in 21⁄2 years in the Senate as a I am now pleased to yield to Senator astated by these wars. member of the Senate Foreign Rela- SANDERS. The two of us came to the We should also not forget that many tions Committee to use military force. Senate together. We served in the hundreds of thousands of innocent When I cast that vote, it is a very per- House of Representatives. He is one of Iraqi men, women, and children who sonal one for my State, for me, and my the most passionate voices in this died in that war, and those whose lives family. These votes are the hardest country. It is an honor to have him who have been completely destabilized, votes we take. But Truman believed— here on this issue. hundreds of thousands of people whose and I believe—that it is fundamentally I yield to Senator SANDERS. lives have been totally altered, includ- a part of our values that we prefer di- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ing those who are fleeing that country plomacy first. Before we use military ator from Vermont. today with only the clothes on their action, we have to be engaged in vig- Mr. SANDERS. I thank my friend backs as refugees. The cost of war is orous diplomacy with allies and adver- from Maryland. real. It is easy to give great speeches saries if we can see a path to possibly Mr. President, I rise to speak about about how tough we are, but let us not create a more peaceful world. Other the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Ac- forget the cost of war on the men and Presidents have reached the same con- tion, the agreement that the United women who serve in our military and clusion, not only President Truman— States negotiated with China, France, people in other countries. President Kennedy, in negotiating the Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, Yes, the military option should al- Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with the So- and Iran. I support the agreement and ways be on the table, but it should be viet Union; President Nixon, in going will oppose the resolution of dis- the last option. We have to do every- to China when China was supporting approval, as I believe this approach is thing we can to reach an agreement to the North Vietnamese against us; the best way forward if we are to ac- ensure that Iran does not get a nuclear President Reagan, in negotiating complish what all of us want to accom- weapon without having to go to war. I against the evil empire, the Soviet plish; that is, making certain that Iran believe we have an obligation to pursue Union, over their nuclear program; and does not acquire a nuclear weapon, an diplomatic solutions before resorting now President Obama. Our great Presi- occurrence which would destabilize the to military engagement—especially dents have realized that diplomacy region, lead to a nuclear arms race in after nearly 14 years of ill-conceived isn’t just for friends. Diplomacy is im- the area, and would endanger the exist- and disastrous military engagements portant, even and especially with ad- ence of Israel. in that region. versaries if you can see a path—a possi- It is my firm belief that the test of a The agreement before us calls for bility—to a more peaceful world. great nation, with the most powerful cutting off Iran’s pathways to the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Sep 09, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.047 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6505 fissile materials needed for a nuclear come home with traumatic brain in- That has never happened before. I weapon by reducing its stockpile of jury, post-traumatic stress disorder. have asked those who studied the his- uranium by 98 percent and restricting The cost to our Treasury is in the tril- tory of this country if there was ever a the level of enrichment of uranium to lions. That and the war in Afghani- time when the United States of Amer- well below the level needed for stan—incidentally, the longest war in ica was involved in delicate inter- weaponized uranium. The agreement our history—were efforts in the Middle national negotiations and a group of requires Iran to decrease the number of East to try to bring some order to Senators or Congressmen wrote to the installed centrifuges by two-thirds, dis- chaos. Only limited success emerged other side—to the Iranians—to tell mantle the country’s heavy water nu- from those efforts after all of the costs them to think twice before negotiating clear reactor so that it cannot produce were paid in human life and treasure. with the United States of America. It any weapons-grade plutonium, and Those who are quick to talk about a has never happened. It is unprece- commit to rigorous monitoring, inspec- military option to deal with the Ira- dented. tion, and verification by the Inter- nians should be reminded, as the Sen- So 47 Republican Senators who did national Atomic Energy Agency. ator from Vermont just said, of the ex- not want to wait until the agreement Only after Iran has demonstrated to traordinary cost of that alternative. I was reached or written decided in ad- the international community its com- have always felt then and now that di- vance to warn the Ayatollah in Iran pliance with the tenets of this agree- plomacy should be the first effort to not to negotiate with the United ment, the United States and European try to avoid military action, to try to States or to assume that any agree- Union will lift the sanctions that avoid a war. That is what this is about. ment would be enforceable with Con- This President, Barack Obama, de- helped bring Iran to the negotiating gress or future Presidents. What a con- cided to make the sanctions regime table in the first place. This agreement trast that 47 Republicans would decide tougher than ever. To do it, he had to also contains a mechanism for the in the midst of negotiations to send engage countries from around the snapback of those sanctions if Iran that letter—what a contrast with the world that depended on Iranian oil and does not comply with its obligations. Democratic side of the aisle. were prepared to stop importing Ira- Does this agreement achieve every- For the last 6 weeks, I have been in nian oil to punish them until they thing I would like? No, it does not. But touch with my colleagues over here— would come to the negotiating table. to my mind, it is far better than the they are probably tired of hearing from He gets absolutely no credit for that path we were on with Iran developing me—talking about this agreement and from the other side of the aisle—none— nuclear weapons capability and the po- where they stood. I know, but for a few, but he should. what they went through. Many of them tential for military intervention by the He then took our major leaders and were trying to educate themselves on United States and Israel growing great- allies in the world and brought to- er by the day. gether a P5+1 coalition. We met with the terms of this agreement because it Let us not forget that if Iran does not the Ambassadors from these countries. is complicated. They were talking to live up to this agreement, sanctions It was hard, just as an amateur student experts in the field. One Senator came may be reimposed. If Iran moves to- of history, to sit across the table from back and spent 5 hours with the intel- ward a nuclear weapon, all available the Ambassadors of China, Russia, the ligence agencies here in Washington options remain on the table. I think it United Kingdom, Germany, and France trying to understand the complexities is incumbent upon us, however, to give and imagine that coalition coming to- of this agreement and how they the negotiated agreement a chance to gether for any purpose that would worked. succeed. It is for these reasons that I serve the United States in the cause of After all of that time, after all of will support the agreement. world peace, but they did. The P5+1 that reflection, and after all of that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- came together and entered into a seri- study, these Senators announced their ator from Illinois. ous negotiation in an effort to stop the positions. Forty-two supported the Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, how Iranians from developing a nuclear President’s position, and four opposed much time is remaining on the Demo- weapon. That was the goal. That was the President’s position. Instead of pre- cratic side? the reason for the sanctions. judging the agreement or assuming the The PRESIDING OFFICER. There There are many aspects of Iranian agreement was bad, they took the time are 161⁄2 minutes remaining. foreign policy and conduct which are to read it and study it. They took the Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I don’t reprehensible to me even to this day time to use their responsibilities as know that we have faced a debate of that don’t reach that level of nuclear Senators to make sure they understood this historic importance for 12 years, weaponry, but we focused on nuclear this historic document, and 42 came because it was about 12 years ago that weaponry because we knew that was out in favor of it. we voted on the floor of the Senate on critical. If Iran developed a nuclear I will tell the Presiding Officer that whether to invade Iraq. Senators don’t weapon, it would threaten our greatest at this point in history, we have a forget those debates. What is at stake friend and ally in the Middle East, tough decision to make—whether we as is war. What is at stake is human Israel, as well as other countries that a nation will pursue this agreement in lives—not only the enemy but the in- have worked closely with the United an effort to stop Iran from developing a nocent and those who are friends. States, and trigger an arms race on the nuclear weapon or the alternative. I I remember that debate very well. Arabian Peninsula, which would have have yet to hear a critic of this agree- There were 23 of us who voted against been devastating. So we set out to stop ment honestly present the alternative. the invasion of Iraq—one Republican, that from happening. The alternative is obvious. Lincoln Chafee, and 22 Democrats. At Something happened during the Today Iran owns enough fissile mate- the time, we were told by Vice Presi- course of that negotiation which was rial to make 10 nuclear weapons. The dent Cheney, Secretary Rumsfeld, and unprecedented in the history of the Prime Minister of Israel has warned others that Iraq had weapons of mass United States. On March 9, 2015, 47 Re- the world that they are only months destruction and we had to stop them publican Senators sent a signed a let- away from developing a nuclear weap- for fear that they would use those ter to the Ayatollah, the Supreme on in Iran. Yet we hear from the other weapons against our allies and our Leader in Iran. I have read the letter side of the aisle that we should walk friends and even against the United over and over again and still cannot be- away from any inspections or agree- States. It turned out that there were lieve it. On March 9, 2015, 47 Republican ment to stop a nuclear weapon. What is no weapons of mass destruction—none. Senators sent an open letter to the going to happen the next day in Iran if After the invasion, they scoured the leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran that point of view prevails? What hap- country and could find no evidence of which basically said: We know you are pens if this agreement we have entered those weapons. in negotiation with the United States into should founder and fail? The door The cost of that war is incalculable. over stopping the development of a nu- is closed, no inspectors, no negotia- The numbers only tell part of the clear weapon, but understand—this let- tions, and Iran is on its own. That is story. There were 4,844 Americans who ter makes it clear—that this President not the recipe for a safer world. That is lost their lives. Tens of thousands have does not have the last word. not the recipe for a safer Israel, as far

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I, curity Advisor to newly elected Prime who has endorsed this agreement. He along with my colleagues, have care- Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Arad has told us: Don’t trust Iran. Mistrust fully and conscientiously reviewed this described Iran’s nuclear capacity in an Iran, if you will, and verify. agreement. We have each applied our interview with Ha’aretz, an Israeli We are going to send in scores of in- independent judgment as to whether or newspaper. In his words, ‘‘The point of spectors to verify—inspectors who have not it achieves the primary objectives no-return was defined as the point at access to everything in Iran—and if the President set out in the negotia- which Iran has the ability to complete there is a dispute over access, it is one tions when they began in November the cycle of nuclear fuel production on that can be resolved in a matter of 2013—to prevent Iran from acquiring a its own; the point at which it has all days or weeks. nuclear weapon. the elements to produce fissionable Since the conclusion of the negotia- I might add that there are telltale material without dependency on the tions, I have reviewed the text of the pieces of evidence for the development outsiders. Iran is now there.’’ That was agreement, attended and participated of nuclear weapons that the Iranians in 2009. could never destroy in that of period of in hearings of the Armed Services Committee and Banking Committee This was the situation that con- time. We will know if they have fronted the President and the world in breached this agreement, and in know- with government witnesses and non- government witnesses, received a se- 2009. To glibly suggest today, as some ing that, we have created the authority do, that the international community within the United Nations for the ries of classified briefings, and reached out to Rhode Islanders for their views. could negotiate Iran back, after they United States alone to reimpose sanc- pass the ‘‘point of no return,’’ to a posi- tions based on a breach of this agree- These venues—all of them—provided a full range of views and opinions and tion of ‘‘no enrichment’’ is to ignore ment by Iran. the reality of Iranian efforts, particu- It is an extraordinary agreement. were critical in my review and decision larly from the mid-2000s forward. For Could it be stronger? Of course. But with respect to the JCPOA. example, in 2006 the Iranians possessed when we look back throughout history In my view, evaluating the JCPOA fewer than 400 centrifuges in a research at the skeptics who have attacked rests on three factors. The first is the facility. By 2009 they had well over Presidents of both political parties who sufficiency of the provisions to cut off 8,000 centrifuges, together with the es- have tried to reach agreements to cre- all Iranian pathways to a nuclear sential elements of a nuclear program, ate a more peaceful world, this is no weapon. The second is the ability to taking them beyond the ‘‘point of no different. When President Ronald conscientiously and continuously mon- return,’’ as indicated by Uzi Arad. Reagan—literally a deity in the Repub- itor and verify adherence to these pro- lican Party—decided to sit down and visions. Finally, we have to evaluate Former Secretary of State and Na- negotiate with Mikhail Gorbachev over whether this agreement will leave us in tional Security Advisor to President nuclear weapons, the conservative wing a better position than a rejection of George Herbert Walker Bush, GEN of the Republican Party said he was the agreement. Colin Powell, recently made this point This last point of whether the agree- signing a suicide pact, wasting his as well. He said that Iran has ‘‘been on ment leaves us in a better position time, and threatening the United a superhighway for the last ten years than rejecting it touches on two alter- States—Ronald Reagan—in negotiating to create a nuclear weapon or a nuclear natives suggested by opponents of this weapons program, with no speed with Gorbachev. The same held true agreement. The first suggested alter- when Richard Nixon decided to open limit.’’ native is that there is a better agree- In a similar vein, Amos Yadlin, negotiations with China. The critics on ment awaiting us if we simply reject the right were quick to condemn him. former head of the Israeli Defense the JCPOA and impose even more Forces Military Intelligence Direc- Chinese were sponsoring North Viet- stringent sanctions. The second sug- namese who were killing American sol- torate and now director of the Insti- gested alternative is that, without the tute for National Security Studies, diers. There were plenty of reasons not JCPOA and with the possibility that an to do it. Richard Nixon did it with bi- made the point that any analysis or enhanced sanctions regime cannot be possible options regarding the Iranian partisan support, and the world is a reconstituted, we can exercise a mili- better place for the courage he showed. nuclear program must begin with the tary option which will be more effec- recognition that they have already At this point, as we bring this aspect tive and less costly than following of the debate to a close—and I see Sen- passed the ‘‘point of no return.’’ In his through with the JCPOA. words, ‘‘[t]he starting point for com- ator REED is here and will be recog- For reasons I will discuss in detail in paring the various scenarios is not one nized soon—we listened carefully to the course of my remarks today, the in which Iran has zero nuclear capabili- those who are critical of this agree- JCPOA, in my view, does provide ade- ties, but one in which Iran has been— ment. It turns out that not a single Re- quate measures to interdict Iranian however illegitimately—a nuclear publican Member of the House or Sen- pathways to a nuclear weapon and an threshold state since the beginning of ate is supporting this agreement—not unprecedented monitoring and verifica- the current decade.’’ one. It is hard to think back in diplo- tion regime moving forward. In addi- matic history when there has been tion, our national intelligence means The Iranians advanced their nuclear such a partisan division within Con- will provide further insights into Ira- program as the international commu- gress on an issue of this historic impor- nian activities. In this regard, we will nity insisted on no enrichment but tance and magnitude, but that be aided by many international part- failed either through sanctions, nego- shouldn’t deter us. We need to work ners whose intelligence activities are tiations, or other actions to signifi- with our allies so we can move forward acutely focused on Iran. cantly interrupt Iranian progress on its with the inspections and the deadlines As such, I believe the JCPOA, if scru- nuclear infrastructure or nuclear to make certain we do everything in pulously implemented, will accomplish know-how. Instead, when the negotia- our power to bring peace to the Middle our objective of preventing Iran from tions began under President Obama, East, short of war. Those who want acquiring a nuclear weapon and is a Iran had already acquired approxi- military action should speak up and better option than the alternative sug- mately 19,000 centrifuges and other es- say so. I don’t. I want to see this done gested in lieu of the JCPOA. That is sential components of the nuclear pro- through diplomatic means, and I be- why I intend to support the agreement gram. lieve this effort is a good-faith effort to and will vote against the resolution of Indeed, the administration’s diplo- achieve that. disapproval. matic effort to build an international

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This was not a realistic op- deed exclusively peaceful, as stated by abandonment of the principles em- tion. the preamble to the JCPOA. bodied in JCPOA, and that the P5+1 With that prologue, let me now turn More broadly, the agreement’s re- will need to evaluate alternative op- to the elements of the agreement that search and development measures pro- tions. were critical to my judgment. In the vide the international community with Now, if my colleagues will allow me area of cutting off pathways to provide insight into Iran’s nuclear program. to discuss the area of inspection, moni- nuclear material for nuclear weapons This is a significant opportunity to toring, and verification. For me, the and Iran’s enrichment capacity, this gauge Iran’s intentions and willingness agreement must be built on a principle agreement accomplishes a key objec- to abide by and comply with its com- of ‘‘distrust and verify.’’ Former Sec- tive. It constrains and, through the mitments. The JCPOA establishes lim- retary of State Colin Powell put it interrelated verification measures, itations on advanced centrifuge re- nicely. He said: ‘‘It’s don’t trust, never eliminates Iran’s ability to produce ei- search, development, testing and de- trust, and always verify.’’ And the ar- ther plutonium or uranium for a nu- ployment in the first 10 years. After chitecture our negotiators designed to clear weapon. that period of time, the international verify compliance with this agreement On the uranium pathway, the JCPOA community will continue to have a took this approach and set new prece- requires Iran to cap its stockpile of low critical ‘‘distrust-and-verify’’ mecha- dents in key areas: access, modern enriched uranium, LEU, to 300 kilo- nism built into the program. Iran must technological monitoring, and the re- grams over 15 years. Why is this sig- abide by its enrichment and research quirement for affirmative approval for nificant? First, before November 2013 and development plan and submit it to certain actions. Thus, this is a custom- and the initiation of the interim agree- the IAEA. This plan is subject to all of built, rigorously ‘‘red teamed’’ verifi- ment, Iran had more than 12,000 kilo- the IAEA’s inspection and monitoring cation regime that is more stringent grams of LEU. If fully enriched, this is tools. than any other previously created. enough to make seven to eight nuclear Furthermore, the JCPOA includes a Specifically, the JCPOA does the fol- weapons. permanent prohibition on Iran con- lowing: Inspectors from the IAEA will Second, with this cap Iran will not ducting research and development ac- have regular access to all of Iran’s nu- have sufficient LEU in country to en- tivities that could contribute to design clear-related facilities. This includes rich and achieve the quantity nec- and development of a nuclear explosive Iran’s two primary sites at Natanz and essary to produce a single weapon, even device. This significant prohibition Fordow. with additional enrichment. In other goes well beyond the limitations of the Inspectors will have cradle-to-grave words, it will have to break a term of non-nuclear weapons statement in the access to Iran’s nuclear supply chain, the agreement—the 300 kilogram cap of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. including uranium mines, mills, and LEU—to have enough feedstock to fur- Taken together, closing off the path- centrifuge production and storage fa- ther enrich and to make the quantity ways to a weapon and the constraints cilities that support Iran’s nuclear pro- needed for even a single weapon. on enrichment and R&D, Iran’s break- gram for at least 10 years and in many On the plutonium pathway, Iran has out time for a single nuclear weapon cases longer. agreed to redesign and rebuild the will remain at least 1 year for each of The verification regime established heavy water research reactor in Arak. the first 10 years of this agreement by this agreement has the effect of The redesigned and rebuilt reactor, the and, critically, Iran’s breakout time making the entire Iranian nuclear pro- design of which must be approved by will remain longer than the two to gram auditable. This is a powerful tool the P5+1, may only support non- three months it was in November of that will make it possible for IAEA in- military nuclear research in radioiso- 2013. spectors to know whether Iran is di- tope production. Why is this signifi- Before I move on to the next area of verting material to a possible covert cant? Arak has been one of the most discussion, I acknowledge that legiti- program. concerning elements of Iran’s sus- mate concerns have been raised about Iran has agreed to apply provision- pected nuclear weapons infrastructure, Iranian activities after the first 10 ally the IAEA’s Additional Protocol. and this fundamental change to the re- years of the agreement, sometimes re- This Additional Protocol to the IAEA actor ensures Iran’s plutonium path- ferred to as the ‘‘out years.’’ During comprehensive safeguards agreement way for a nuclear weapon is shut off. this time, Iran’s breakout time could further augments the agency’s ability In an alternative scenario, if com- shrink substantially. However, the ini- to investigate suspected clandestine fa- pleted, the heavy water reactor at tial 10 years of the JCPOA will be crit- cilities and activities. Of great impor- Arak could have been a proliferation ical for the international community tance, this is an enduring requirement risk of unmatched proportion within to measure and assess Iran’s inten- for Iran beyond the JCPOA’s terms. their program. It could have allowed tions. A dedicated and exclusive procure- Iran to take easily acquired natural A recent analysis of the JCPOA by ment channel for Iran’s nuclear pro- uranium from the ground and, over a Robert Einhorn, a noted expert in non- gram will be established to manage all period of time and through a series of proliferation and a senior fellow at the purchases of the nuclear supplier reprocessing steps, make weapons- Brookings Institution, is instructive in group’s ‘‘trigger list’’ and dual-use grade plutonium without the need for this area. In his words: items. This additional step provides an centrifuges for enrichment. The elimi- If Iranian leaders . . . believed their na- intrusive authorization and trans- nation of this heavy water reactor, as tional interests were best served by having parency mechanism through which the the Iranians previously envisioned it, nuclear weapons, they would run major risks IAEA can control what is coming into is enormously significant. in going forward, with no guarantee of suc- the country and gauge whether the re- Further, under the agreement, Iran cess. Even in the ‘out years,’ the JCPOA’s rigorous monitoring arrangements will re- quirement is consistent with the needs will be forced to use its first generation main in force. The world will have gained in- of the program and Iran’s intentions. centrifuge technology, known as IR–1s. timate knowledge of Iran’s nuclear program, Any such procurement outside that This is a significant check on the pro- which would give the United States prompt channel would be a violation of the gram because these are Iran’s most in- warning of any Iranian effort to make a dash JCPOA. efficient centrifuges. While Iran will be for the bomb. This agreement is often casually able to install more advanced cen- In any case, the P5+1 must begin now compared to the 1994 Agreed Frame- trifuges in the future, it will be re- to communicate its insistence that work with North Korea. Not only are quired to abide by the enrichment plan Iran operate consistent with a peaceful there significant differences between submitted to the IAEA and to be con- nuclear program after the initial 10- the two, but provisions of the JCPOA sistent with the limitation inherent in year period. The international commu- were specifically written to provide

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As he indicated, a key weak- But Secretary Moniz went on to ‘‘Road-map for the Clarification of ness of the 1994 Agreed Framework was speak candidly as he said: Past & Present Outstanding Issues re- that ‘‘it only provided for IAEA moni- With regard to nonnuclear materials, it garding Iran’s Nuclear Program.’’ toring at the nuclear facility at gets more difficult. However, when one has Resolving the issue of PMD is critical Yongbyon. It did not provide for moni- nuclear weapons specialized activity, such as for a number of reasons. It is critical toring in the rest of the country be- explosively driven neutron initiators, we that the IAEA is able to complete its would not be without tools to detect activi- cause that was the only declared site.’’ investigation of PMD and issue an ties in that kind of a time period. But clear- independent assessment of any nuclear Under the JCPOA, Iran must imple- ly, as one gets farther and farther away into ment and abide by the Additional Pro- let’s say, just conventional explosive testing, weapons-related work Iran has con- tocol to its Safeguards Agreement which is something militaries do normally, ducted in the past. The IAEA made under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation then it’s a question of intelligence putting clear in the Director General’s Novem- Treaty, an addendum that the IAEA together the context for suspicious activi- ber 2011 report on PMD that unan- designed to address the ability of a na- ties. But nuclear material, in the end, you swered questions remain. The U.N. Se- tion to covertly develop a nuclear need to do nuclear materials to get to the curity Council has endorsed and rein- weapons program, as Iraq did after the weapon and that’s where we have extraor- forced the requirement that Iran ad- dinary techniques. first Gulf War. The Additional Protocol dress these questions. applies to all facilities that take part Now, critics of the agreement have Under the agreement, if Iran com- in any element of the nuclear fuel said that this 24-day period of time is plies, the IAEA will again gain access cycle of a state. The JCPOA is signifi- too long and offers Iran too much time to Parchin, and the IAEA will be pro- cantly more stringent in this regard to cover up its activities. As Secretary vided the additional accesses to people, than the 1994 framework. Moniz stated clearly, this is a possi- places, and other items it has re- More specifically, the Additional bility as it relates to certain non-nu- quested. However, Iran gets nothing in Protocol will allow IAEA inspectors ac- clear activities. However, if Iran intro- the way of sanctions relief if it does cess to suspected undeclared nuclear duces fissile materials into these ac- not address these unanswered ques- sites anywhere in the country so as to tivities, Iran’s ability to cover its tions to the satisfaction of the IAEA. prevent Iran from conducting clandes- tracks in 24 days is extremely unlikely. Some critics of the agreement have also suggested that IAEA has tine nuclear activity. If Iran does not I also believe this part of the agree- outsourced to Iran its inspection of provide access, it is in violation of the ment is an area where Iran’s intentions Parchin, the most infamous of Iran’s agreement and sanctions will be reim- need to be subjected to constant ques- suspected facilities. I have been briefed posed. tioning and evaluation. If Iran is chal- Iran’s compliance with the Addi- lenging the IAEA inspectors at every extensively on this matter in a classi- tional Protocol in the years after the turn, it should be interpreted as an in- fied setting. Those briefings are con- term of the JCPOA will continue to dication of its intent with respect to sistent with the conclusion of IAEA Di- rector General Yukiya Amano. He has provide the IAEA with a powerful tool the permanent commitment it made on stated the agreement with the Iranians to conduct inspections of Iran’s nuclear the third page of the agreement: ‘‘Iran is, in his words, ‘‘technically sound’’ infrastructure. Again, the creation of reaffirms that under no circumstances and does not—again in his words— the Additional Protocol was in direct will Iran ever seek, develop, or acquire ‘‘compromise [the IAEA’s] safeguards response to previous efforts to cir- nuclear weapons.’’ standards in any way.’’ cumvent the IAEA’s monitoring efforts This is a strong restatement of its basic obligations as a non-nuclear Secretary Moniz has further assured in Iraq and North Korea. me of this fact. We know the Iranians An additional element of the moni- weapons state under the Nuclear Non- have repeatedly attempted to eradicate toring and compliance regime is the Proliferation Treaty. A pattern of frus- trating IAEA inspectors should be seen any sign of their activities at the independent and unilateral role that Parchin site. Thus, it is unlikely that the U.S. Intelligence Community and as a clear warning of possible reneging on this central commitment. any significant PMD-related activities its intelligence liaison services will have occurred there in the last 4 years. Let me at this juncture discuss the play in validating Iran’s compliance or We do not know what signs of past ac- duration of the agreement. Critics have noncompliance. While we can never be tivities will remain at the site. Impor- made a variety of comments in this certain that these intelligence efforts tantly, the IAEA will be able to con- area of duration. Some argue that Iran will provide a complete picture of all firm whether there is any ongoing nu- can begin enriching beyond the low-en- Iranian nuclear activities, they provide clear-related activity at that location. a critical assessment of Iran’s compli- riched limit of 3.67 percent fissile ura- Critics of the arrangement to inspect ance with the agreement, Iran’s percep- nium at year 16. That is true, but Iran Parchin have also suggested that the tions of the cost and benefits of compli- could do that tomorrow without this IAEA has entered into a secret side ance with the agreement, and key in- agreement. Nevertheless, some argue deal with Iran. In fact, the United sights into the Iranian leadership’s pri- that this agreement simply suspends States and all the other NPT member orities for the program. As a member Iran’s program in place for a decade. In countries—Nuclear Non-Proliferation of both the Armed Services Committee my view, this is not an accurate char- Treaty countries—have confidential and the Select Committee on Intel- acterization as many of the access and agreements with the IAEA which can- ligence, these activities and insights verification elements of the agreement not be shared. will also serve as a critical tool for my go well past 10 years or 15 years. In- These agreements vary by country, colleagues and me to gauge the success deed, some are permanent. Iran’s com- but they are designed to protect the in- or failure of this agreement. mitment under the Nuclear Non-pro- tegrity of the IAEA inspection process Over the course of the Armed Serv- liferation Treaty and its Additional and the sensitive technical and design ices Committee hearings, there was de- Protocol remain in place, and their information about peaceful national tailed questioning on several topics but compliance with it will be a key metric nuclear programs. The IAEA and the one in particular: the 24-day period of for the P5+1. Further, the inter- Obama administration have taken ex- time that Iran has available to it under national community’s ability to im- traordinary steps to brief Congress on the agreement to potentially delay ac- pose sanctions always remains avail- this agreement in a classified setting. cess for IAEA inspectors to a facility able. These briefings have been informative suspected of prohibited activity. Sec- Now I want to address the area of and helpful to understand more fully retary Moniz offered a helpful insight possible military dimensions or PMD. what we can expect in the months and into this area. He said: Iran has agreed to address all the past years ahead. The 24-day period is itself new in the sense and present outstanding PMD issues in Now, I would like to discuss at this there has never been any time limit in terms a comprehensive and time-limited point the topic of the arms embargo

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:53 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.056 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6509 and missile sanctions, which is part of the IAEA and in the laboratory com- get sanctions against Iran’s violation this arrangement. Like many of my munity, concludes: of human rights or to damage Iran’s colleagues, I remain concerned about The IAEA’s capabilities have been ex- ability to finance terrorism. U.S. sec- the elements of this agreement that re- tended, strengthened and refined over the ondary sanctions remain in place. late to these issues. The inclusion of years in response to real-world proliferation As Richard Nephew, a fellow at the these provisions in the JCPOA is di- cases in Iraq and North Korea. Its current Center on Global Energy Policy at Co- rectly related to the fact that the capacity reflects the international commu- lumbia University, recently told the nity’s decades-long investment in the organi- United States secured these measures zation, and the continuing commitment of Senate Armed Services Committee, in U.N. Security Council Resolution states around the world to its mission. under the agreement: 1929 to pressure Iran to address the I would also note that upwards of 200 [The] United States will still be able to international community’s concerns IAEA technical experts will be devoted pressure banks and companies into not doing with respect to its nuclear program. business with the IRGC, the Quds Force, to implementing this agreement. This Qasem Soleimani, and Iran’s military and Since these sanctions were deemed by number far exceeds any number of ex- the P5+1 to be related to the nuclear missile forces. This is both due to direct risk perts and inspectors devoted to any one of U.S. secondary sanctions, which remain in program through the U.N. Resolution, country by the IAEA. place, and an improvement in international they were within the ambit of sanc- Allow me now to focus on the area of banking practices since 9/11. tions relief. sanctions and our ability to reapply These secondary sanctions are not in- Nevertheless, moving forward, this is them. First, it is critical that we re- significant tools, and our use of them an area where the United States needs member Iran will receive no new sanc- in response to human rights violators to leverage the available sanctions and tions relief if it does not complete its and terrorism are not a violation of the additional tools under other U.N. Secu- nuclear commitments and the IAEA’s agreement. As Under Secretary Szubin rity Council resolutions to keep pres- inspectors verify those steps. Let me be recently told the Senate banking com- sure on Iran. For example, other U.N. specific here. Prior to granting any fur- mittee on the matter of terrorism Security Council resolutions prohibit ther sanctions relief, Iran must, as sanctions: Iranian transfers of arms to groups verified by the IAEA, demonstrate that such as the Houthis in Yemen, [O]ne of the most powerful [tools] . . . is it has implemented the necessary steps that when we sanction Iranian terrorist sup- nonstate actors in Lebanon, which in- with respect to, No. 1, the Arak heavy porters, our designation is amplified inter- cludes Hezbollah, the Taliban in Af- water research reactor; No. 2, its over- nationally. What I mean by that is, when we ghanistan, and Shi’a militias in Iraq, all enrichment capacity; No. 3, its cen- name a Hezbollah financier, a Hezbollah as well as North Korea, Libya, and sev- trifuge research and development; No. money launderer, any bank worldwide, not eral sub-Saharan states in Africa. 4, the Fordow fuel enrichment plant; just American banks, any bank worldwide that facilitates transactions for that des- This will mean the Treasury Depart- No. 5, its uranium stocks and fuel; No. ment, the State Department, and the ignated entity faces very severe sanctions 6, its centrifuge manufacturing; No. 7, from the U.S., sanctions that no bank wants Intelligence Community must double completing the modalities and facili- their efforts to identify prohibited ac- to face. ties-specific arrangements to allow the Under Secretary Szubin has also indi- tivities and build the international ar- IAEA to implement all transparency chitecture necessary to counter it and cated that the United States will do measures and the Additional Protocol more in the area of terrorism-related deter them. and Modified Code 3.1; No. 8, its cen- It also means working with our part- sanctions. Should Iran decide to con- trifuge component manufacturing ners on the Missile Technology Control tinue its destabilizing actions in the transparency; and, No. 9, addressing Regime, or MTCR, to prevent the region, increasing the cost in this area the past and present issues of concern spread of critical missile technologies, will be critical, so it is important to relating to PMD. note the administration’s willingness and with our more than 100 partners This means that Iran must take sig- to ramp up pressure in the face of such under the Bush administration’s Pro- nificant steps to roll back and freeze conduct by the Iranians. liferation Security Initiative, or PSI, its nuclear program before it gets any- to help limit Iranian missile-related Particular attention has rightly been thing in the way of sanctions relief. In paid to the amount of sanctions relief imports or exports. testimony before the Senate banking It may also mean what former Under Iran will receive and Iran’s likely use committee, Adam Szubin, the acting Secretary of State for Political Affairs of that sanctions relief. This is an im- Under Secretary of Treasury said: Nick Burns recently suggested to the portant issue. While we do not know We expect that [process] to take at least what Iran will do with it, we do know Senate Armed Services Committee, six to nine months. Until Iran completes which is that we will need to, in his those steps, we are simply extending the lim- a couple of things. First, the amount of words, ‘‘reconstitute a coalition of ited relief that has been in place the last sanction relief is not $100 or $150 billion sanctions countries against Iran five year and a half under the Joint Plan of Ac- as some critics of the deal have sug- years from now on conventional weap- tion. There will not be a cent of new sanc- gested. According to the Treasury De- ons, eight years from now on ballistic tions relief. partment, the number is between $50 missiles.’’ I believe the next 5 years Moreover, while the President will and $60 billion. While this number is will provide the international commu- waive the application of the nuclear-re- significant, it is one-third of what nity a critical measuring stick for Ira- lated sanctions under the terms of the many critics have asserted. nian intentions, and we must be pre- JCPOA, the U.S. sanctions, which in- Second, it is likely that Iran will in- pared to lead efforts to preclude Iran clude the Central Bank and other fi- vest a portion of this money into its from obtaining enhanced military nancial sanctions, will remain avail- economy to address the concerns of its technologies. able until Congress acts to terminate people and to begin to recover from the Now, a bulk of the work that will be them. This will allow Congress to mon- international sanctions regime, but it done and will be so central to our ef- itor an extended period of Iran’s com- may also invest in its financing of ter- forts will be done by the IAEA. The pliance before taking any such action. rorism across the region. General IAEA will be responsible for carrying This also gives the President a strong Dempsey has rightly suggested, ‘‘[t]he on the ground the implementation of hand because the ability to quickly answer is probably a little bit of both.’’ this agreement on behalf of the P5+1. snap back nuclear-related sanctions What we will need to do is monitor While critics of the agreement are means that we can again shut off, to a closely, particularly via our Intel- quick to call into question the tech- substantial degree, Iran’s access to the ligence Community, where Iran is nical expertise and skills of the IAEA, international financial system, to making its investments and actively it is comprised of individuals with ex- international markets, and to inter- counter those maligned activities. tensive training and experience and a national financing that relies on access Now, I believe the JCPOA is the best deep commitment to the importance of to the U.S. banking system. option available to us right now. Crit- nonproliferation work. It is important to note that this ics recommend rejecting the JCPOA A recent study by Tom Shea, a noted agreement does not take away the and advocating a regime of new and in- safeguards expert with experience at tools available to the President to tar- creasingly crippling sanctions that are

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Moreover, the options for enhanced Although Michael O’Hanlon makes a sanctions and even military operations He also said: distinction between an ‘‘occupation’’ remain available to the United States Our government’s policy has been they will and an ‘‘invasion,’’ our experience in and our P5+1 partners should Iran at not get a nuclear weapon and nothing we’re both Iraq and Afghanistan should dem- any time fail to comply with the talking about here today should change that onstrate that the deployment of JCPOA. Indeed, noncompliance would policy. ground forces to effect regime change be more likely to find an international This agreement does not change that is unlikely to produce a quick exit, so commitment for aggressive action than longstanding and clearly articulated we must be prepared for his ‘‘implau- a rejection of the JCPOA. Such a rejec- U.S. policy. sible’’—an expensive occupation with a tion could give the Iranians the open- I also agree with the assessment of million military personnel on the ing to argue that it can resume all of former Senators John Warner and Carl ground. its existing activities prior to the in- Levin—both of whom served terms as Thus, as some observers continue to terim agreement and insist that inter- the chairman of the Armed Services discuss the military option regardless national sanctions have been nullified Committee—that a vote against this of the scope and intent of it, I would by our rejection of the JCPOA. deal is a vote to undermine the deter- urge them to ensure that their analysis If the United States were now to say rent value and credibility of our mili- goes beyond the first day, first month, ‘‘this deal is not good enough,’’ it tary option. or first 6 months of conflict and rather would likely have the immediate effect Closer examination of the military considers the first year, first 5 years, of alienating us from our partners and, option raises the critical question of and first decade of conflict. Our Nation therefore, empowering Iran. Iran would our objective if we were to use force— has seen the great cost of war over the seize this opening to drive a wedge be- to delay the nuclear program or to past 15 years. tween us and our European allies, as overthrow the regime so as to elimi- This agreement retains the military well as Russia and China. Such an ac- nate the nuclear threat? In either case, options for the Commander in Chief tion by the United States would play a daunting scenario emerges. As pre- and at the same time establishes an ar- right into the hands of Iran, both in viously discussed, if our focus is lim- rangement with the Iranians that al- terms of the viability of the multilat- ited only to Iran’s nuclear program, lows us to test vigorously and monitor eral sanctions regime and in terms of the United States—likely alone or invasively the intentions of the Iranian the obligations it has already agreed to nearly alone—will need to conduct a regime’s nuclear program. This is one take under this agreement. similar option every few years, as the major reason at this point that the It is difficult to imagine a scenario in Iranians will undoubtedly make their JCPOA is the most compelling option. which the United States can break, at nuclear program an operation that is A number of noted national security this juncture, with its most critical conducted in smaller and more numer- experts and a number of my colleagues economic partners on the Iran nuclear ous locations in areas that are increas- and Americans have discussed the im- program and then secure more strin- ingly difficult to locate and deeper in portance of ensuring Iran is not only gent sanctions. the ground or masked by civilian ac- constrained with respect to its nuclear Another complicating factor in this tivities in populated areas. program but also with respect to its re- scenario is the outcome for the If we conduct such targeted strikes, gional hegemonic aspirations and its hardliners in Iran. Undoubtedly, their analysts suggest that the Iranians will support directly and indirectly of ter- narrative can gain additional traction respond. Such responses could include rorism. These negotiations did not in Tehran and they may be able to attacks against U.S. forces in the gulf cover other hostile, objectionable ac- seize an even greater amount of power region and Afghanistan; attacks tions by Iran—namely, its support of and influence. This makes the ‘‘more against Israel by Iran’s most capable terrorism, its destabilizing activities sanctions’’ approach more concerning proxy, Hezbollah; attacks against our across the region, its abuse of its own because it could produce the unin- partners in the GCC; attacks against people, and ongoing detention of Amer- tended consequence of empowering the the region’s energy infrastructure; or a ican citizens. We cannot condone or ig- most strident elements in Iran. combination of all of the above. Along The second most common option dis- nore these critical issues, and they all with the significant economic con- cussed by critics of this agreement is must be addressed. But absent imple- sequences, the loss of personnel and re- the military option. In this regard, it is mentation of this agreement, the source drain on our Nation’s military critical that we understand some threats posed by Iran would likely be could be severe. Ironically, an addi- points up front. Unless we are prepared amplified as it returns to deliberate tional consequence would be a shift in to invade and occupy Iran, executing a and focused efforts to build a nuclear resources away from the campaign military option to destroy the nuclear infrastructure. against the Islamic State in the Le- infrastructure will only delay Iran’s The choice before us under the Iran nuclear program. It will not bomb vant—or ISIL—particularly in Iraq, Nuclear Agreement Review Act is ex- away Iran’s knowledge, and it will em- and our ongoing efforts to consolidate clusively on the nuclear dimension. power significantly the hardliners in the international community’s gains in But without the JCPOA, I suspect the Iran who are committed to developing Afghanistan. Iranian nuclear challenge will grow a nuclear weapon. They will likely dis- On the other hand, if our military ob- quickly, adding further menace to perse and disguise their activities so jective was regime change, I would their regional aspirations and their that military strikes are increasingly first remind my colleagues of the Iraq support of terrorism. Critically, any of ineffective and produce significant col- war and all of the implications that ex- these other objectionable Iranian be- lateral damage, which will be exploited ercising that military option had on haviors would be far more dangerous if by the Iranians for propaganda pur- the region. Iran acquired nuclear weapons. poses. In 2012, Michael O’Hanlon of the As I said earlier, I evaluate this On this issue of delay, General Brookings Institution wrote: agreement with great skepticism. Iran Dempsey provided two important in- An occupation of Iran would require up to is a major sponsor of terrorism and a sights. First, in response to a question one million U.S. and other foreign troops leader in other destabilizing activities asking for his military assessment on over an extended time and, hence, would in- across the Middle East. As I mentioned deed be implausible. But an invasion, with previously, though, the negotiations to what is more effective in delaying or the single goal of deposing the government, stopping the Iranian nuclear program could be considered a possibility under ex- secure this agreement were not focused at this time or in the near future, a treme circumstances—if for example there on Iran’s support of terrorism. This military strike or this P5+1 agreement, were unmistakable evidence that Iran’s cur- matter remains outstanding, and he said: rent government was preparing a major at- charting a pragmatic and implemen-

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GCC special operation forces elements implementation phase of this agree- During the Cold War, we negotiated so as to better enable our partners to ment, these efforts may not happen with the Soviets despite their per- confront Iran’s asymmetric capabili- and our efforts to reassure our partners sistent destabilizing activities in many ties, as well as enhancing the ballistic in the region may fail. parts of the world. In fact, President missile defense capabilities of the GCC Soon, this debate will be over. I be- Nixon was still in negotiation with the and improving their interoperability to lieve sustaining the JCPOA will leave Soviets even while they still supported increase collective defense in order to us in a strong position to counter po- the North Vietnamese. counter Iran’s support of terrorist tential Iranian proliferation. But re- Graham Allison, a noted non- proxies. These are important and es- gardless of the outcome of this debate, proliferation expert at Harvard’s Belfer sential efforts that will consume sig- we must not relax our efforts in coun- Center, noted in testimony before the nificant time and effort in the Middle tering Iranian nuclear aspirations, re- Senate Foreign Relations Committee East, and it will be critical that we en- gional aggression, and the sponsorship recently that ‘‘claims that the U.S. sure that they are resourced appro- of terrorism. I believe the JCPOA will cannot reach advantageous agreements priately. The added benefit of these ac- give us valuable tools to monitor and to constrain nuclear arms with states tivities is that they will provide the interdict their pathways to a nuclear we are seeking to contain, or subvert, U.S. military with additional access weapon, but it will require day-to-day or even overthrow . . . are . . . wrong. and capabilities in the region to ensure surveillance and, where necessary, [The Reagan] administration’s core na- that the military option remains cred- intervention to increase our chances of tional security strategy for competi- ible to the Iranians and available to success. tion with the Soviet Union . . . states the President. In many respects, we are at a mo- that ‘U.S. policy towards the Soviet Mr. President, I approached this vote ment that recalls the emotional words Union will consist of three elements: with deep suspicion regarding Iran, and of Winston Churchill: external resistance to Soviet impe- I see the agreement for what it is—a Now this is not the end. It is not even the rialism; internal pressure on the USSR combination of opportunities and risks. beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the to weaken the sources of Soviet impe- I believe these negotiations were nec- end of the beginning. rialism;’ and ‘engaging the Soviet essarily focused on denying Iran a We have concluded an agreement Union in negotiations to attempt to pathway to a nuclear weapon. A nu- that dramatically constrains Iran’s nu- reach agreements which protect and clear-armed Iran would be a formidable clear ambitions. Now the hard work be- enhance U.S. interests and which are force in the Middle East and, as it has gins each day to ensure that our aspi- consistent with the principle of strict repeatedly demonstrated, not a force rations become real. reciprocity and mutual interest.’ ’’ for peace and stability. Moreover, a nu- I yield the floor. Even with the JCPOA, I do not sus- clear-armed Iran would likely prompt a pect that the Iranian support for their The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. LEE). nuclear arms race in the region that The Senator from Connecticut. proxies will automatically abate under through accident or design could lead this agreement, and I do not think this Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Mr. President, I to catastrophe. This agreement pro- am honored to follow my friend and agreement is a forcing mechanism for vides a framework to close off Iran’s modifying Iranian behavior in the re- colleague from Rhode Island in his very pathways to a nuclear weapon. eloquent and powerful remarks, and I gion. I do, however, think this agree- Rejecting the resolution of dis- wish to add my own on the same topic. ment takes the near-term scenario of a approval is vitally important, but ef- The question of whether the Senate nuclear-armed Iran bent on supporting fective, unrelenting implementation of should accept the agreement between its proxies in the Middle East off the the JCPOA will be the real test. As the P5+1 and Iran to end their illicit table. And I believe it is for the time such, it is critical that both the Presi- and treacherous nuclear program is one being sensible for the United States dent and the Congress exert every ef- of the most difficult and critical mat- and our partners to take stock of Iran’s fort to ensure that there are unstinting ters of national security that I have willingness to comply with this agree- efforts to monitor and sustain the pro- confronted since my election to the ment; monitor its activities closely in visions of the agreement. This effort Senate. the region to see if they increase, de- demands constant attention and I am deeply grateful to many in my crease, or remain the same; and, in par- ample—more than ample funding for State of Connecticut, here in Wash- allel, work with our regional partners the indefinite future. ington, DC, and around the country to counter Iran’s asymmetric threats. As Gen. Brent Scowcroft, former Na- who have offered me their insight, in- On the matter of our regional part- tional Security Advisor to President terest, and involvement—most espe- ners in the Middle East, I see two crit- George Herbert Walker Bush, recently cially the people of Connecticut who ical matters that must be addressed. stated in a Washington Post op-ed sup- have given me their thoughts in let- First, our partners in Israel rightly porting the agreement: see Iran as a significant and ongoing ters, in emails, phone calls, and in one- Implementation and verification will be on-one conversations across our State threat to their national security. It is the key to success, and Congress has an im- incumbent upon the United States to portant role. It should ensure that the in a vast variety of settings, whether better understand the concerns of the [IAEA], other relevant bodies and U.S. intel- at parades or fairs or in one-on-one Israelis with respect to their gaps in ligence agencies have all the resources nec- meetings or meetings in groups. I have addressing the Iranian problem set and essary to facilitate inspection and monitor made my decision based on conscience to identify areas of cooperation on compliance. and conviction. I will vote to accept military and intelligence matters that I believe General Scowcroft is cor- the proposed agreement concerning address these gaps and maintain their rect. Iranian compliance and the im- Iran’s nuclear program and against the qualitative military edge at all times. plementation phase of this agreement resolution of disapproval before the Second, it is also critical that our is critical no matter how you vote on Senate. partners and allies know that the the resolution of disapproval. My two paramount goals have been United States will not abandon the re- It is also important that we ensure consistently and constantly to prevent gion in the wake of this agreement. that the administration is able to fol- a nuclear-armed Iran and to do so by This message is critical for all of our low through on the commitments they peaceful means. I believe this agree- partners to hear and understand. have made to our allies and partners in ment, using diplomacy, not military The May 2015 joint statement fol- the Middle East, especially to the force, is the most viable remaining lowing the United States and Gulf Co- State of Israel. Again, General Scow- path now available—now available—to operation Council meeting at Camp croft makes an excellent point. The prevent a nuclear-armed Iran. David provided a roadmap for how the United States must work, in his words, This agreement is not the one I administration intends to proceed. The ‘‘closely with the GCC and other allies would have negotiated or accepted, but

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:13 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.094 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6512 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 it is better than no deal. This agree- Senator BEN CARDIN of Maryland, to region, and those vital interests in- ment is an opportunity for us to push craft new legislation. Congress must clude preventing a nuclear-armed Iran. back and deter Iran, and it brings on us act to encourage and enable diplomacy It is a fundamental tenet of our foreign a special obligation of vigilance and with Iran, which is not only possible policy. vigorous enforcement. It can be made but critically important. Now we must As a member of the agreement, the better. It can be improved and begin the process of addressing those United States is in a stronger position strengthened through unilateral action shortfalls and shortcomings, unwanted to deter and remedy violations, wheth- by the United States and through con- impacts and consequences revealed er through economic sanctions or mili- sultation and collaboration with our during congressional review of the tary action as a last resort. If the allies, not resuming or reopening the agreement. agreement is rejected and economic negotiations but acting in collabora- No. 1, countering Iranian terror with sanctions or military actions are ever tion with our allies, as well as through dollar-for-dollar sanctions. To counter necessary, we would act alone. That is actions we can take as a nation alone Iran’s role as a leading state sponsor of a simple fact about our rejection. If the and working closely with our ally, our terrorism, Congress must sustain and agreement is accepted, we act with a friend, our critical partner in the Mid- expand existing sanctions that crack coalition of allies and partners with dle East, the State of Israel. down on terror financing and demand the legitimacy and credibility of diplo- The administration set forth a case their full enforcement by both the macy having run its course and with that the current agreement imme- United States and the European Union. the intelligence produced by inspec- diately reduces Iran’s nuclear program I will continue—indeed, I will in- tions that will help to guide any mili- and places it under a series of overlap- crease—pressing Secretary of State tary action necessary as a last resort. ping safeguards. Together these meas- John Kerry to take long overdue, ag- There will be popular support at home, ures push a threshold nuclear power gressive steps to interdict arms to which is absolutely necessary for such back from the brink. The agreement Hezbollah, and I will work to block action. That support is essential be- imposes an intrusive inspection and Hezbollah’s financing and logistical cause acting without it will make it surveillance regime relying on inter- support from Iran, applying tools and difficult, if not impossible, for the national certification and verification techniques available through our bank- President to in effect seek to enforce by the International Atomic Energy ing and financial system. the very terms of an agreement this Agency. Future U.S. Presidents have No. 2, empowering our allies to Nation has rejected, if that is the re- the authority immediately and counter Iran and terror proxies. We sult. through Executive order to reimpose must renew and reinvigorate our ef- Most importantly, this agreement our sanctions if Iranian actions are in- forts to protect our allies, especially cannot be based on hope or trust. His- consistent with our national security. Israel—our major strategic partner in tory belies both in our experience with Rejecting this agreement is fraught the Middle East—from the threat of Iran. This deal is not an agreement I with unacceptable risk. Our formal ne- Iran and its terror proxies. We need a have long sought, it is not the agree- gotiation partners and allies have sig- new framework of defense cooperation ment I would have preferred, but it naled clearly they are simply not com- that takes into account how this agree- makes the threat of a nuclear-armed ing back to the table—a point con- ment will affect the changing threat Iran less imminent. It requires the firmed in my direct conversations and from Iran. United States and the international meetings. There is no better deal avail- Congress must work to expand community to sustain their commit- able now. The present sanctions will Israel’s qualitative military edge and ment to verify and enforce its provi- soon become unenforceable, producing bolster intelligence cooperation. The sions over many years, and I am ready an economic windfall for Iran whether Pentagon must establish new joint to join in the hard work of preventing or not the United States accepts this training exercises that involve stra- a nuclear-armed Iran on this difficult agreement. The United States, instead tegic air assets and invite Israeli pilots diplomatic path. Mr. President, I yield the floor. of Iran, would be isolated, and Iran’s to train flying long-range bombers. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- nuclear program would be uncon- Now is the time to aid Israel with extra ator from New Hampshire. strained. Rejection would fracture our F–35 Joint Strike Fighter squadrons Ms. AYOTTE. Mr. President, I come unified efforts with our allies and and the tankers they need to cut off to the floor to discuss what I believe is greatly weaken international pressure any threat to Israel—well before it probably the most important foreign on Iran and undermine American lead- reaches their borders. No equipment policy issue I have worked on in my ership on this issue and others, espe- should be precluded if needed for time in the Senate. It is one of great cially if economic sanctions are needed Israel’s self-defense. consequence to our Nation and also to in the event of a violation. As a member of the Senate Com- our allies. This agreement has shortcomings, no mittee on Armed Services, I will work I don’t come to this decision lightly, doubt, and they are serious. I have lis- to establish such a parallel agreement but there are many reasons I would tened to my colleagues, including with Israel to cover threats, both nu- urge this body to disapprove the agree- Chairman CORKER, whom I deeply re- clear and conventional, along with an ment that has been entered into be- spect, and others here today, enu- ongoing joint review forum, bringing tween the Obama administration, the merate a number of them. Yet I remain together the United States, Israel, and Iranian Government, and the P5+1 na- convinced the most constructive and NATO members to enhance our deter- tions. clear-eyed role for Congress is to sup- rent capabilities. First of all, we need to understand port specific steps to make implemen- No. 3, preventing a nuclear-armed the country we are dealing with. Just tation and enforcement of this agree- Iran. The United States must reaffirm today the Iranian Supreme Leader ment stronger and more effective. In unequivocally that Iran will never be Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said: I am say- fact, in my view, the day after this allowed to obtain a nuclear weapon and ing to Israel that they won’t live to see agreement is approved and accepted is that all available options will be used the end of these 25 years. With Allah’s as important as the agreement itself— to stop it from ever accumulating help, there will be no such thing as a the day after, the months after, and enough highly enriched uranium or Zionist regime in 25 years. the years after because that is when weapons-grade plutonium to produce Of course, this is not the first time this agreement must be enforced vigor- one. Such a policy is consistent with we have heard this from the Supreme ously and strenuously and this agreement. Leader or the leaders of Iran. We are in unyieldingly. Congress must articulate in statute this position even after having entered I have taken additional time to look that that policy is unchallengeable and this agreement and having had the beyond this agreement to create a that Iranian violations both during President go to the U.N. to seek ap- blueprint for diplomatic steps to this agreement and afterward will be proval of this agreement prior to com- strengthen it. Specifically, I am work- met with strong, unquestionable ac- ing to the Congress. We know that ing with the ranking member of the tion. It must be clear we will defend while this agreement was being nego- Senate Foreign Relations Committee, our vital interests in the Persian Gulf tiated, the Iranian Foreign Minister

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:53 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.057 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6513 was smiling for the cameras and nego- committee process. So then we have a effort is because we had been hearing tiating the agreement, while the Presi- committee resolve all of this. That is for years before the Senate Armed dent of Iran was actually at rallies in why I say this is a lawyer’s dream in Services Committee from people such Iran where they were shouting ‘‘Down terms of an inspection regime here. as the Director of National Intel- with America’’ and ‘‘Death to Israel.’’ Then, if we look at paragraph 78 of ligence, James Clapper, who testified Iran itself has a history that is im- the agreement, ‘‘The members of the before the committee in February of portant for us to understand. That his- Joint Commission, by consensus or by 2014, that ‘‘we judge that Iran would tory is a history of noncompliance. a vote of 5 or more of its 8 members, choose a ballistic missile as its pre- Iran has time and time again failed to would advise on the necessary means ferred method of delivering nuclear comply with U.N. resolutions and to resolve the IAEA’s concerns.’’ weapons.’’ failed to meet its obligations. Iran has This process, if we add up all the In 2013, we also heard from Director violated U.N. Security Council resolu- days, is a lengthy process. Again, it Clapper that the Iranians are devel- tions. Iran has violated the Nuclear certainly is so far away from the any- oping two systems that could have Non-Proliferation Treaty in the past. time, anywhere inspection regime. We intercontinental capability as early as Iran has consistently been unrespon- have to understand that Iran has a his- 2015. Here we are in 2015. Some have es- sive to the International Atomic En- tory of using every means possible to timated it may take a few more years. ergy Agency in the past—the IAEA— delay inspections, especially to areas Regardless, according to public testi- and Iran has failed to answer questions that are undeclared or they are trying mony from our intelligence commu- about its past nuclear weapons activi- to hide their nuclear facilities. That is nity, Iran could have ICBM capability ties. If there is no covert, undeclared why I describe it as an inspection re- in the next few years, and here we nuclear facility in Iran today, Olli gime that only a lawyer could love be- have, in conjunction with this agree- Heinonen, a former IAEA Deputy Di- cause this will allow Iran to litigate ment, our blessing because we agreed rector, has said it would be the first access to their undeclared sites, and we that the U.N. resolution against their time in 20 years. already know they have a history of missile program that said, no, Iran, So one of the important issues, I be- doing that. you cannot have ICBM capability, now lieve, for any of us in reviewing this One of the issues I have taken a keen it is OK. It will be legitimate for them agreement is: What is the inspection interest in since I have been in the to have ICBM capability. regime that would be put in place to Senate is Iran’s missile program. We Why do they need ICBM capability if assure not only that we are doing a full have heard all along from the adminis- they don’t have any interest in deliv- inspection at the declared facilities of tration that they were not going to ad- ering the most destructive weapons to Iran but also the undeclared facilities? dress Iran’s support of terrorism, that the world—to countries on the other The reality is that under this agree- they were going to keep that issue sep- side of the world, including our own? ment, the process for seeking inspec- arate—that they were going to keep So as I said, this issue was against tion by the IAEA for undeclared facili- separate issues of Iran’s support for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of ties is a process that only a lawyer terrorism around the world—we have Staff’s advice. When I heard public re- could love—and I happen to be one—be- heard about that in this debate today— ports—there were reports bubbling up cause if we look at the language of the their support for groups like Hezbollah, about the agreement before it was actual agreement, we will see in para- Hamas, their support for the Houthis in signed that Iran was pressuring, with graph 75 that ‘‘if the IAEA has con- Yemen, their support for the Taliban in support from other countries like Rus- cerns regarding undeclared nuclear ma- Afghanistan, their support for ter- sia, to lift the arms embargo, to lift terials or activities, or activities in- rorism around the world. Yet at the the missile embargo. I was so worried consistent with the JCPOA, at loca- last minute in this agreement, the ad- about it that a week before the agree- tions that have not been declared ministration conceded two incredibly ment I asked Chairman Dempsey in the under the comprehensive safeguards important points: No. 1, allowing Iran Armed Services Committee, on July 7, agreement’’ the IAEA first has to ‘‘pro- to have the resolutions lifted on having about the reports that these resolu- vide Iran [with] the basis for such con- arms sales and transactions within 5 tions may be lifted on arms and mis- cerns and request clarification.’’ years, and then, No. 2, within 8 years, siles. He told me that under no cir- So that is the first step. Then, ‘‘if lifting the U.N. resolutions on missiles cumstances should we relieve pressure Iran’s explanations do not resolve the or ICBMs. on Iran relative to ballistic missile ca- IAEA’s concerns, the Agency may re- As our own Secretary of Defense has pability and arms trafficking. Yet that quest access to such locations for the described, the significance of course in is exactly what happens in this agree- sole reason to verify the absence of ICBMs is the ‘‘I,’’ which means inter- ment. undeclared nuclear materials and ac- continental, meaning missiles that can The Chairman came back to our com- tivities’’ and the IAEA also has to hit the United States of America. Yet mittee after the agreement was signed ‘‘provide Iran the reasons for access in that was lifted at the last minute, and to testify about the agreement, and I writing and will make available all rel- that was lifted over the objections, asked him again about including this evant information.’’ over the recommendations of our high- in the agreement. He told me it was Then, Iran may come back and ‘‘pro- est military officer, the Chairman of against his military advice to lift the pose to the IAEA alternative means of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chairman arms resolution and to lift the missile resolving the IAEA’s concerns that en- Martin Dempsey. resolution. able the IAEA to verify the absence of This has been a focus of mine in the So as I look at the grave concerns we undeclared nuclear materials and ac- Senate because I have been concerned should have for our national security, tivities .... ’’ that we have heard in the Armed Serv- this is one of the top concerns—an in- So if those alternatives aren’t ac- ices Committee from many of our top sufficient inspection regime legiti- cepted from Iran, then, ‘‘if the two defense and intelligence officials that mizing their ability to have ICBM ca- sides are unable to reach satisfactory the preferred method for Iran to deliver pability, allowing them in 5 years to le- agreements to verify the absence of’’ a nuclear weapon to the United States gitimately have more arms. We already an undeclared nuclear facility, then at of America would be an ICBM and that know they are supplying arms and cash that point there is a process that goes this certainly represents a threat to around the world to their terrorist into place, and that process—which has America and to our allies. proxies. This agreement of course gives been described on this Senate floor— In fact, I was so concerned about this them, within a 9-month period, billions can take up to 24 days. that last summer I wrote the President of dollars more cash to support ter- But we need to understand there is a of the United States, and 26 Senators rorism. whole litigation process that occurs joined me in the letter that I wrote to One of the things I have heard on the even before those days, and this can be the President. In that letter, I ex- floor today from my colleagues on the a much longer process. pressed the belief that the Iranian deal other side of the aisle who are sup- Then, how does this get resolved? should address Iran’s ICBM missile pro- porting this agreement is that some- This gets resolved essentially by a gram. The reason I wrote and led this how this leaves on the table all of the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:53 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.058 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6514 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 tools we need to deal with Iran’s sup- no matter what they do because of the ments themselves, information has port for terrorism—which, of course, language of the agreement in para- been leaked that indicates Tehran destabilizes the region. Except the graph 26. They are interpreting it that could declare some areas as suspected problem is that nobody has told the way. nuclear sites, including the Parchin Iranians this point because they have a So if you are Iran, right now, this is military complex, off-limits to inspec- very different viewpoint on this agree- a pretty good deal for you. You can get tors and that Iran could even be per- ment. Iran has taken the position that the cash. You can get the mitted to self-inspect there. if any of the sanctions are reimposed, legitimatization. People are doing Can you imagine allowing a country they can walk away from the agree- business with you again. You can con- with a history of cheating the ability ment. tinue to support terrorism, and our to self-inspect or collect their own If we look at paragraph 26 of this hands apparently, in their view, are samples in terms of how inspections agreement, I would argue the language tied on sanctions. would be done? Yet those who are sup- in the agreement actually allows them So when I hear from those supporting porting the agreement are saying this to make that argument, unfortunately. the agreement that somehow we still is a robust inspection method. Tehran has specifically stated that it have all the tools in our toolbox to deal I would ask my colleagues on the will treat the imposition of any sanc- with terrorism, it seems to me that if other side of the aisle who are sup- tions that are similar to those that we look at the language of this agree- porting this agreement, does it not were in place before this deal as a rea- ment and how the Iranians are sup- trouble you that you have not been son to walk away. porting it, we have tied our hands, and given access to the language of these So why is this important? It is im- we will be in a weaker position to deal side agreements given that what has portant because we know they support with their support for terrorism around been leaked about them is that they terrorism around the world. My col- the world no matter how egregious pertain to the actual inspection proc- leagues have said we have to deal with their behavior is. ess at important sites such as Parchin? their support for terrorism, and we This is a real issue when I think I would hope that our constituents still have the tools in our toolbox to about our national security, when they would expect us to review every word issue tough sanctions to deal with have the largest state sponsor of ter- of the language of something so impor- their terrorism, even while being part rorism in the world and they will now tant to our national security. That, in of this agreement. The problem is that have legitimate access to developing and of itself, I would say, is a reason to the language doesn’t necessarily bear their ICBM program with the lifting of be highly skeptical of this agreement, that out in the agreement. sanctions in the U.N. and the legiti- along with the other issues I have In a July 20 letter, Iran told the U.N. mate purchasing of arms. We know raised. Security Council that it would ‘‘recon- there are countries like Russia that are Finally, we have a long history in sider its commitments under the lining up to sell these arms to them, this body of debating important inter- JCPOA if the effects of the termination and then we are going to weaken our national agreements, including agree- of the Security Council, European ability to impose terrorism-related ments that deal with very fundamental Union, or United States nuclear-re- sanctions in the future. issues involving our foreign policy— lated sanctions or restrictive measures I heard many of my colleagues talk- issues that involve nuclear non- are impaired by continued application ing earlier about the 60-vote threshold proliferation, issues that involve many or the imposition of new sanctions in the United States Senate. When we sensitive treaty issues. We have a long with a nature and scope identical or voted on the Iran Nuclear Agreement history of actually debating these in a similar to those that were in place Review Act, we voted on it, I believe, 98 bipartisan manner and working in a bi- prior to the implementation date, irre- to 1. We would think at that point we partisan manner to approve agree- spective of whether such new sanctions wouldn’t be worried at all about actu- ments. Yet on this agreement, we are are introduced on nuclear-related or ally getting to the debate on the actual left in a position where a majority of other grounds, unless the issues are bill. So I hope my colleagues on the the Senate on a bipartisan basis has remedied within a reasonably short other side of the aisle, when they voted said that we have serious reservations time.’’ for the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review about this agreement and have de- In other words, Iran is taking the Act, were serious about having a sub- clared that we are going to vote viewpoint, under the language of this stantive vote, given that this was a against this agreement. Yet the admin- agreement, that if we reimpose any of vote of 98 to 1 on this agreement. I be- istration is continuing to push forward the sanctions that are lifted as part of lieve the American people deserve to get this done, to make sure that this this agreement—which, by the way, nothing less than a substantive vote on agreement is fully implemented with- these are the toughest sanctions, the merits of this agreement as pro- out reaching out in a bipartisan fash- right? These are the tools in our tool- vided for by the Iran Nuclear Agree- ion to ensure that the strength of the box—even if they commit acts of ter- ment Review Act. Congress in a bipartisan fashion is be- rorism, they can walk away from this I know that many of my colleagues hind something so important to our na- agreement. are here to speak, but I want to raise tional security. So let’s put this all together. Iran, one final issue that we have heard That should say something about the within 9 months, gets more cash for about on this floor; that is, actually merits of this agreement. This agree- this agreement. They get to keep their being able to see the full text of this ment is deeply flawed. This is an agree- infrastructure for their nuclear pro- agreement. We all know that when you ment that I believe does not protect gram because they get to keep their have an agreement, especially with a our national security. In fact, in the centrifuges. They are now in a position country that has a history of cheating, long run it will undermine our security where people are doing business with language matters. We know that be- in this country by giving Iran more them—because we know that many cause the Iranians are already taking cash, legitimizing their nuclear weap- countries around the world want to be all kinds of different positions on what ons program in terms of keeping their able to do business with Iran, so an in- the language means in this agreement infrastructure for that program, legiti- fusion of cash and relationships there. to their benefit. Yet we have not been mizing their ICBM program, and hurt- And then they are continuing to sup- given access to the two-side agree- ing our ability to impose further sanc- port terrorism. They commit through ments between the IAEA and Iran. By tions if they conduct acts of terrorism, their proxies a major terrorist event the way, that is in direct violation of which they certainly have a history of that triggers something that we want the express language of the Iran Nu- doing through their proxies. to do here—we want to take tough clear Agreement Review Act, which I hope as we continue this debate, we sanctions against them because they says Congress should have access to will disapprove this agreement, which I have supported a terrorist attack side agreements. But what we do know do not believe protects our national se- against us or our allies. Yet they are about these side agreements that has curity. going to take the position that we been reported in the press is truly dis- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. can’t reimpose any of their sanctions turbing; that is, as to the side agree- TILLIS). The Senator from Indiana.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:53 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.062 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6515 Mr. COATS. Mr. President, I intend we are undertaking if we vote for this tracts with many nations around the to speak at much greater length on agreement that is full of words like world—long-term contracts for deliv- this issue perhaps tomorrow. I am that? This is not clear to me, nor would ery of oil, minerals or whatever—now pleased to have the opportunity to par- I think it is clear to anyone in the ad- having put themselves in a much dif- ticipate in this colloquy. I will be brief. ministration. ferent position with the sanctions lift- I know my colleagues are waiting to We questioned the administration on ed, they may use that exact language speak also. this issue. They have essentially said: as a means of escaping. Or if you turn First, I want to commend Senator Well, this is to be determined at a later it on its head and turn it the other way CORKER, the chairman of the Senate date or if this issue comes up, we will around, Iran says: Well, wait a minute; Foreign Relations Committee. To- try to get some consensus on how to go our intentions are such and such. You gether with his work with Senator forward. My own conclusion is that didn’t understand what we were trying CARDIN, we have a bipartisan agree- this language is not a mistake. These to say to you. ment supported by some of the most people who negotiated on our benefit Then how are we going to respond? knowledgeable foreign policy experts have had a lifetime of negotiating en- This puts us in a very tenuous position. on the Democratic side and on the Re- gagement. I assume many of them were I can recall a number of times when publican side before us. Had Senator attorneys, lawyers that know and un- I told my wife: I thought you were CORKER not been able to make that ar- derstand that a definition of a word or going to stop and pick up milk on the rangement, it would have been a done a phrase is everything. You have to un- way home. deal before the Congress even saw what derstand exactly what it is or you are Well, I intended to do that, but I got was agreed to in this negotiation with going to end up with confusion. a phone call. Iran. These ambiguous obligations, I Wait a minute. I thought you were I think my colleagues here have been think, were purposefully designed to going to clean the garage on Saturday. amazed at the difference between what placate the Iranians, offering them a I intended to do that, but Joe called we were told the agreement did and vision of a robust military nuclear in- and said: Let’s go play golf. didn’t do and what we actually learned frastructure, developed not only with I intended. It was a good intention. it does and doesn’t do as we pored over the acquiescence of the West but with That is fine in any kind of a marital re- it, word by word, annex through annex, our material assistance. Further, if we lationship or any other kind of rela- looking at every piece of information examine the agreement text—let alone tionship. Many of those are just mean- here that is relevant to our decision. I the annex text—this same pattern with ingless things. But when you are talk- am thankful for the work of Senator misleading ambiguity holds. In many ing about an agreement that binds the CORKER, who has taken some heat for of the detailed commitments that are United States on the basis of how its not doing more. He saved us and saved specified in the agreement and the an- negotiating adversary interprets and the American people from not having nexes available to us, these conditional uses these words, it can put you in real the ability for us to examine this in de- ambiguous terms dominate. trouble. tail. That is what this debate here is I couldn’t help but notice that this I don’t think anybody has talked all about. The American people deserve wasn’t an occasional occurrence. I about that yet. I wanted to bring that to know what is in this agreement. The asked my staff to go through and look up. As I said, I am going to be talking consequences of this for the future of at some of these ambiguous definitions about my position and how I came to America, for the future of the world and count the number of them. The the decision not to support this tomor- are significant and almost mind-bog- phrase ‘‘as appropriate’’ or ‘‘where ap- row. This is a sloppily written agree- gling. We have to get it right. To get it propriate’’—‘‘achieving this as appro- ment that can bind the United States right, we need to read every word. priate’’ or ‘‘obligated to this as appro- to obligations that we are not even yet Here I am, shortly after the delivery priate’’ or ‘‘where appropriate’’—was aware of and that can give Iran an out of the 157 pages, together with the an- sprinkled throughout the text 34 times. if it so chooses. It comes to that point nexes, over a weekend poring through ‘‘As mutually determined’’ or ‘‘by con- in time when, with a 3-month or so each sentence, trying to understand ex- sensus to be concluded’’ occurred 28 breakout toward having nuclear weap- actly what we have here and what we times, implying that future agree- on capability, they simply say: Sanc- are dealing with, and I am amazed at ments or conditional commitments are tions are gone, we have our money, we what I have come up with. Instead of there as against current commitments. have done the research, even some with going through the various items—I will At the same time, the phrase ‘‘Iran in- assistance of U.S. scientists and the talk about more about this tomorrow, tends to’’ occurs more frequently than members of the negotiating team, we and it has been well presented by my it should in place of affirmative obliga- are in a great position to go forward, colleague from New Hampshire and tions. and we are just going to do it. We can others this afternoon, including the To any lawyer representing a client, use this language to opt-out of the majority leader—I would like to dis- whether you are buying a house, leas- agreement. That is just one more rea- cuss something that I don’t think has ing a car, leasing an apartment or en- son why each of us should carefully try been raised yet. That something is the tering into a business contract, you to understand what is and what isn’t in ambiguity that exists throughout this can go to that lawyer and basically this agreement and weigh this as we agreement and particularly in the an- say: Look, I want an out. Or if you are try to make a judgment in terms of nexes to the agreement. We know that on the other end of the negotiating whether we should go forward or there are two secret agreements which process, you can say: Put some ambig- whether we have signed on to a very we don’t have access to. How anyone uous vague language in there—‘‘to be bad deal here and should vote against can go forward and support an arrange- determined,’’ ‘‘as appropriate,’’ ‘‘by it. ment when you have side secret agree- consensus’’—so that if something goes With that, I yield to my colleagues ments and you are not allowed to know wrong here, I have an excuse to opt who have been patiently waiting to what they are—that in and of itself out. speak. should be reason not to support an I think that is exactly what Iran was The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- agreement. But having said that, let trying to do. If we come up with what ator from Oklahoma. me spend a little bit of time regarding we think is a breach of the agreement, Mr. LANKFORD. Mr. President, I these ambiguities and the vagueness of it is easy for Iran to say: That needs to would like to take a moment and recap some of the language here that I think be by consensus; and without con- the day and some of the issues I heard have major implications. sensus, we see that as saying such and on the floor. I have been on the floor The annex uses familiar forms of such, and you see it wrong. If we press quite a bit today and heard a lot of the mushy language. I am going to quote the case with Iran, that, of course, debate. As I processed through some of here: ‘‘as determined,’’ ‘‘where appro- gives them the option of withdrawing the debate, I heard—and we will see if priate,’’ ‘‘among others,’’ ‘‘as mutually from the agreement. At an important some of my colleagues agree with determined,’’ and ‘‘when beneficial.’’ time, now having over $100 billion in this—a lot of conversation on the de- What are the actual obligations that their hands, now having signed up con- tails of the agreement in trying to

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:53 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.066 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6516 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 walk through the actual process. What weapons under this agreement and to is because the crippling sanctions are does the text say? There seem to be even add things such as surface-to-air one thing—you cannot do business with two very different opinions about this. defense capabilities to be able to de- America and with Iran. That is the I will share what I am hearing. fend their military sites. deal. If we continue the sanctions in There are key things that Iran needs So you tell me, does Iran have what place, it is not about getting the band to be able to complete a nuclear weap- it needs to be able to complete a nu- back together, it is about leaving those on, and it doesn’t seem that this agree- clear weapon under this deal—time, sanctions in place, and if you want to ment stops them in the process, and it money, ballistic missiles, ability to be do business with the United States, seems that the goal of this agreement able to complete their research, ad- you will also have to agree to not do was to stop them from acquiring a nu- vanced centrifuges, and defensive business with Iran. It is not about get- clear weapon. weaponry to be able to put around ting everyone back together. Leave What does Iran need? Well, they need their facilities? Yes. them in place and let’s finish renegoti- time. This agreement gives them time. Here are some of the things which we ating it. It lays out a schedule, backs up and don’t know, which we really can’t dis- I have heard over and over again: It slows down the process of inspections. cuss, and which we would appreciate is either war or it is this. Quite frank- It allows them time to be able to finish being able to discuss today—the side ly, I think this deal in its place takes their research. deals. We have the documents that us closer to a conventional war. Why? It allows them money. That is a key have come in. In fact, I have posted Because it allows Iran to begin to al- aspect that they need not only for them on my Web site, and many others most immediately begin stockpiling their funding of terrorism but to actu- have done the same. We want Ameri- conventional weapons. Those in the ally be able to complete the techno- cans to be able to read those things be- gulf region are so concerned about that logical research they have to have in cause most Americans, when they read that we are promising them they can those facilities. Billions of dollars are them, are stunned with what this get more weapons and buy more ad- released to Iran almost immediately in agreement says. But what we can’t get vanced weapons from us. How does a this agreement for them to be able to is the side deal. conventional arms race in the Middle complete their research. Again, I have heard over and over East take us further from war? Under It allows them ballistic missile capa- from the President that we are not this agreement, it destabilizes. bility, which is shocking to a lot of going to trust Iran, we are going to I have heard over and over again people I talked to in my State. They verify. We don’t trust, we are going to today: What is our message to the assume this deal actually slows down verify. Literally, with the side agree- world when the rest of the world has their ballistic missile research and ca- ments—people keep hearing ‘‘What is signed off on this and yet we say no? pability. It actually doesn’t. It actu- the side agreement?’’ Here is what the Well, here is our message to the world: ally paves the path for them and gives side agreement is. The main agreement Iran is screaming ‘‘Death to America,’’ them permission to continue their bal- gives broad parameters. For instance, not death to other countries, except for listic missile research. it says we will have inspections. Well, Israel. They are chanting ‘‘Death to It allows them to be able to continue that is great. How are the inspections Israel.’’ Israel is also standing up and toward highly enriched uranium. to be done? Well, that is in the side saying: This is a terrible deal for our Again, a lot of people I talked to have agreement. So we are agreeing that, nation and the stability of the world. been surprised at that because the as- yes, there will be inspections. When we It is not about our message to the sumption was, after hearing about it asked the question about how the in- world; it is about standing up and from the President so many times, spections were to be done, we were told being the world’s superpower. That is they shouldn’t be allowed to have ura- that we can’t read that document, that who we are. Let’s take responsibility nium and shouldn’t be allowed to do it is a separate agreement between the for our position in the world and be that. That was the conversation 5 years U.N. and Iran. Literally I cannot verify able to finish well while we are doing ago, but now the conversation is, how how we are going to verify. I have been it. much uranium can they enrich and told to trust and verify. I can’t verify I have also heard multiple times what does that look like? how we are verifying. That seems ab- today: Well, let’s sign off on this deal There have been some conversations surd to me, and it is hard for me to and then we will have tougher diplo- today by individuals who have said imagine anyone in this body would say: macy in the future. I have to say that that this will decrease the number of Yes, I would sign off on something I every time I heard that, I smiled and centrifuges they have. That is entirely have never read and have never seen. In thought, are you kidding me? What do correct. It does decrease the number of fact, the people in the administration you mean, we will sign off on this deal centrifuges, but let me give an illustra- have said they have never read or seen and then we will do tougher diplomacy tion. If your company had 20 computers it. Yet we are being asked to sign off in the future? With what leverage? that were built in 1995 and you were on it and to give our authorization to This is our leverage. The sanctions are told you could replace those 20 com- say: Yes, we will support that. I have a the leverage. We are not going to get puters from 1995 with 3 computers from problem with that, and it is one of tougher in the future. This is the this year, would you take that deal? I many reasons why I cannot support toughest moment. It gets softer from bet you would. That is the deal we are this deal. here. giving to Iran. We are telling them What I have heard over and over Iran is still the single largest sponsor they will have to get rid of two-thirds again by individuals who do support of terrorism in the world. They made of their oldest centrifuges—their old- this deal today is that this is the deal, no change in their actions against est, originally built—but they can still it is in front of us, the President has Yemen and leading the coup in Yemen. keep 5,000 of even their oldest cen- agreed to it, and it will look bad if we They made no change in their actions trifuges and they can install 1,000 of don’t agree to it. My problem is not propping up Assad in Syria. their newest technology centrifuges looking bad; my problem is a nuclear- We are giving this away if we sign on and keep those going. I would certainly armed Iran. That is the problem. At to this agreement. This deal is built on think that is a deal they would take— the end of the day, this is not about hope, not on facts and trust, and I and by the way, they are taking it, and saving face as America, this is about know everyone in this body hopes to they are asking us to take it as well. protecting U.S. interests and U.S. citi- get a diplomatic solution. We cannot They have time, they have money, zens and those of our friends in the base an agreement with Iran on hope. they have ballistic missile research, gulf. This is not about saving face for If we cannot verify it, if we cannot see they have highly enriched uranium and the President. the documents, if there has been no the permission to be able to continue I have heard over and over again: It change in behavior, I think we should their work on their most advanced cen- would be too hard to get the coalition assume we still have status quo Iran. trifuges, and they have additional de- back together to be able to renegotiate Let’s push back. Let’s get the better fensive capabilities. They are allowed this. May I remind everyone that the deal. Let’s not allow advanced cen- to continue to stockpile conventional reason we have this coalition together trifuges to stay in place. Let’s not

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:37 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.067 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6517 allow them to continue their ballistic We know by the administration’s don’t have to destroy any one. But I missile testing. These are not hard own admission that we can depend on agree with what Senator LANKFORD issues to be able to finish. The deal is some of that money—last year $6 bil- just said, and that is this: They have half-cooked. Let’s get it fully baked, lion went to terrorist support around antiques right now. What we are allow- and let’s finish a diplomatic solution the Middle East and other parts of the ing them to do is to trade up to modern but not just hope that this works out world from Iran. Last year Iran spent technology, and IR–6 and IR–8 cen- in the days ahead. $17 billion supporting their own mili- trifuges. There is only one reason for With that, I yield back. tary. That puts this windfall into per- that. It shortens the time for them to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- spective. One of the first things Iran develop enough fissile material to have ator from Georgia. did when the administration an- a nuclear weapon. Mr. PERDUE. Mr. President, I rise nounced this deal is they sent rep- Seventh, Iran gets to limit and delay tonight to speak about a very troubled resentatives to Moscow. Does it take inspectors. This is only important be- time in my life and in this body. I much imagination to see that their be- cause we allow them to enrich; don’t didn’t think this moment would arise havior is not going to change in this miss that. But what we have done is in my tenure here in the U.S. Senate, deal just because we give them a wind- allow them to dictate the inspection but tonight I am very troubled about fall? As a matter of fact, we are en- protocol. I have never seen a deal being a Member of this body. couraging bad behavior. where that was allowed, honest to Just a few short months ago, we told Second, I would like to know where goodness. This to me is unconscion- the American people, in our Foreign our four American hostages are. They able. The fact that we have secret Relations Committee, that we could get to keep them. deals, yes, this is important, but the work together. We unanimously passed Third, Iran gets to enrich. This is my fact that we are allowing them—with a bill that gave this body, the U.S. biggest problem, and I have said it no U.S. participation, by the way, on Congress, a right that the President many times. My biggest problem with the ground in Iran with the IAEA—we and his administration had denied us this deal is that we gave up the ability are allowing Iran to actually take sam- by not allowing this to be treated as a right off the bat to stop Iran from en- ples under the protocol of inspection. The side deals are unconscionable. I treaty. Yet we stand here tonight— riching. To me, that is the funda- even though a unanimous bill came out would never in business sign a deal mental problem in this deal. Breakout of the committee and 98 Senators voted where every legal document was not without enriching capabilities is 2 to 3 for us to get a look and a vote on this exposed. How in the world—I under- years, not 2 to 3 months like this deal deal—without the ability to tell the stand these side agreements are normal provides. As a matter of fact, the Presi- people back home that we will, in fact, operating procedure within the IAEA dent himself said this deal, after 13 have a vote on this deal. I find that ter- and their countries that they are in- years, allows Iran to have a breakout ribly troubling. As a matter of fact, I specting. This is different. This is a period that is basically zero. Who are am embarrassed. The people back home public global deal, dealing with a rogue we kidding here? And after 15 years, all deserve better than this body is pro- country such as Iran, and we need to bets are off. What we have done is pro- viding. see that. I can’t imagine how we would There is bipartisan opposition to this vided a pathway to enriched uranium, approve a deal—anybody would approve deal. There are good Democrats who in and I find that very troubling. a deal and go home and explain to their Unlike many other countries that their deep conscience are going to op- constituents how this makes sense for have similar nuclear programs that are pose the President, and I respect that, the safety of their children and grand- but there is not bipartisan support for peaceful and are not allowed to enrich, children when we don’t know what is in this deal. There is a huge difference. we allowed this bad actor to step up every legal document. Only one group in this body is sup- and be treated the same as countries Now, what did we get? I would argue porting this President’s deal with Iran. such as Germany, Japan, Holland, that basically, from what I hear, the I am troubled by that. Brazil, and Argentina. I find that very No. 1 goal of this administration is a I applaud Senator CARDIN, the rank- troubling. legacy for this failed President. I am ing member of the Foreign Relations Fourth, they get access to the sorry, but that is the only real benefit Committee. I applaud Senator CORKER world’s arms market in just 5 short I can see. We get Iran, the world’s larg- as the chairman of that committee. years. Why is that important? It is im- est sponsor of terrorism and proven vi- Under their leadership, we got to this portant because of their support of ter- olator of past nuclear agreements to point. Without this deal, without a rorism, but also, more importantly, it promise to be a good actor. Really? vote, we wouldn’t even be sitting here gives them access to a nuclear weapons That is what we get? Yet, the Aya- tonight. We would already be imple- capability through technology avail- tollah just today—just today—said menting this deal, and we would have able only through the arms market. that Israel will not exist in 25 years. told the American people: Yes, we Fifth, after 8 short years, they get This does not sound to me like a good don’t have the constitutional balance access to the intercontinental ballistic actor who is going to change their be- between the United States and the missiles technology. Why in the world havior because we have brought them House of Representatives and the legis- does a rogue nation like Iran that says into the community of nations. lative branch that the Constitution they only want a civil nuclear program Why do we believe the word of a na- calls for. We gave up. for power generation—why in the world tion that has been a revolutionary pa- Well, here we are. I would like for in the eleventh hour do this adminis- riah since 1979? Have we forgotten that every Member of this body who is going tration and our negotiators give up and 52 United States American citizens, to vote for this deal to answer to the give them the right to have access, members of our embassy, for 444 days people back home: How does this make after 8 short years, to ballistic missile were held hostage in Tehran just 35 the world safer for their children and technology? They currently have a short years ago? This is the same re- their children’s children? missile that has a 1,200-mile range. gime, these are the same clerics, the In the Presiding Officer’s business ca- That very easily brings Israel and same mentality, that created that situ- reer and in my business career, we have Eastern Europe into range. If they ation. We just now have entered into seen a lot of deals and we have nego- have access in 8 years to ballistic mis- the most devastating foreign policy tiated a lot of deals. The way I look at sile technology, their only intent can agreement in my lifetime and maybe in deals is to try to evaluate what both be to have a missile that can deliver a the history of the United States. No sides get in a deal. So let’s look at this missile armed with a nuclear warhead deal that I can read in history puts the from that perspective. to Washington, DC, and points beyond. United States in more jeopardy going First of all, Iran gets a windfall for I find that very troubling. forward than this nuclear deal with bad behavior. They have 30 years of Sixth, Iran gets access to technology Iran. noncompliance with NPT require- for centrifuges. This is almost the most Under this deal, we get an Iran that ments, and the first thing we are going unbelievable thing. Not only do they will continue its bad behavior. I think to do is give them a windfall—some- get to keep every centrifuge, they are that is easy to predict. Their sponsor- where between $60 and $150 billion. not destroying every centrifuge; they ship of terror continues. Their human

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:37 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.068 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6518 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 rights violations have worsened. Even can get. Let’s give it a try. We can’t be cuss this. This is so bad, it is so threat- during the negotiations, they contin- any worse off in 10 years. I would argue ening to our children and our chil- ued to back Assad’s murderous regime yes, we can, and yes, we will be worse dren’s children that we have to stand in Syria, which is the source of one of off in 10 years. up and we have to fight this all the way the most devastating humanitarian It is absolutely possible to have a through to get a vote on it, first of all, crises of the 21st century that is just better deal. We don’t need P5+1 if, in and to defeat this. now coming to light. fact, we have the determination to I urge my colleagues to join me to- The Presiding Officer and I made a make our own sanctions stick. This $18 night and this week in opposing this trip, along with the leader, just a few trillion economy is big enough to bring deal. months ago. We sat in Jordan and we them back to the table and absolutely Thank you, Mr. President. listened to the plea of those people get the kind of deal that would protect I yield the floor. over there who are receiving refugees. our kids and grandkids. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- They are telling us how serious this In previous deals with South Africa jority leader. plight is. Now the media has picked up and Libya, just as two examples, they CLOTURE MOTION on it, and we see the devastating im- gave up their enriching capabilities in Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I pact of what is going on in the Middle order to be accepted into the NPT fra- send a cloture motion to the desk for East. This deal is a manifestation of a ternity of countries that are good ac- substitute amendment No. 2640. much bigger problem. tors regarding proliferation of nuclear The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- This President has failed in this for- technology. This deal not only allows ture motion having been presented eign policy requirement that the exec- Iran to enrich but it gives their illicit under rule XXII, the Chair directs the utive branch is given in our Constitu- nuclear enrichment program the bless- clerk to read the motion. The senior assistant legislative clerk tion. This is just a manifestation of a ing of the international community. read as follows: bigger failure, but it is devastating to The President and the negotiators even the future security of our kids. Today, threw in technical assistance for Iran’s CLOTURE MOTION Iran has a national holiday called enrichment program. I just don’t un- We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the Death to America Day. As a matter of derstand that. As a dumb business guy, Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby fact, one of the hostages, one of the I just don’t understand how they, in move to bring to a close debate on Senate four hostages just this year, earlier good conscience and without smirking, amendment No. 2640. this year, was moved from the second can stand in front of the American peo- Mitch McConnell, John Cornyn, James worst prison in Iran to the worst prison ple and say this is a good deal. In fact, Lankford, Kelly Ayotte, John Thune, in Iran, and guess what day he was I don’t hear many people saying that. Cory Gardner, Mike Crapo, Ron John- moved on? Death to America Day. I Even Secretary Kerry basically said son, Joni Ernst, Tom Cotton, James M. Inhofe, Thad Cochran, Bill Cassidy, Pat find that insulting. this is the best deal we can get, we Roberts, Johnny Isakson, Jerry Moran, As we just heard, there are three can’t get a better deal, and the only al- John McCain. things—I have a little different view of ternative is war. I am insulted by that. CLOTURE MOTION what a country needs to have a nuclear The second thing, they need to design Mr. MCCONNELL. I send a cloture weapon. First of all, I am an engineer, for a warhead. We talked about how motion to the desk for the underlying so this will be very pedantic, and I will getting into the arms community al- resolution, H. J. Res. 61. move very quickly with this. But, lows them to do that. We don’t know The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- quickly, a country needs three things. whether they have it or not today. Iran ture motion having been presented First of all, they have to have fissile would need many things, but one thing under rule XXII, the Chair directs the material. We allow this in this deal. they need is access to capital and ac- clerk to read the motion. There is a pathway for them to get cess to global markets to drive their The senior assistant legislative clerk there legally. They don’t have to vio- economy. But let’s remember one read as follows: late this agreement. They will eventu- thing: Why do they need all of this in CLOTURE MOTION ally get there in a very short period of the first place? Why did this get nego- We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- time. tiated? Because they want a nuclear ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the The second thing is they have to weapon. Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby have a device for a warhead. In five The goal in this agreement, accord- move to bring to a close debate on H.J. Res. short years they have access to the ing to the administration, was never to 61, a joint resolution amending the Internal military arms community where that allow Iran to become a nuclear weap- Revenue Code of 1986 to exempt employees is totally accessible today. ons State. Yet, we see nothing but with health coverage under TRICARE or the Veterans Administration from being taken Third, they have to have a delivery pathways that allow them to do that, into account for purposes of determining the mechanism. In eight short years, as we even legally. I just don’t understand employers to which the employer mandate just said, they will have access to how the administration and a few applies under the Patient Protection and Af- intercontinental ballistic missile tech- Democrats are standing up today and fordable Care Act. nology. Basically, in eight years, if saying this is a good deal, and we need Mitch McConnell, John Cornyn, James they want to break out, they will have to vote for it because it won’t preclude Lankford, Kelly Ayotte, John Thune, missile technology that can bring a Iran from ever becoming a nuclear Cory Gardner, Mike Crapo, Ron John- missile warhead right down on our son, Joni Ernst, Tom Cotton, James M. weapons State. It just doesn’t do that. Inhofe, Thad Cochran, Bill Cassidy, Pat heads here in this chamber. As a matter of fact, in 1994, we signed Roberts, Johnny Isakson, Jerry Moran, Without domestic enrichment, Iran’s a similar deal with North Korea. The John McCain. breakout period is really 2 to 3 years, President at that time, President Clin- Mr. MCCONNELL. For the informa- again, not 2 to 3 months. President ton, told the American people that if tion of all colleagues, this cloture mo- Obama has claimed that we could not we voted on that deal, that deal would tion would ripen on Friday, but I am get a deal without giving them the guarantee we would never have a nu- optimistic that we will be able to get right to enrich. I don’t understand clear weapon on the peninsula of consent to have the vote tomorrow that. This brought them to the table in Korea. How did that work out for us? I afternoon. the first place. We gave up on that too would argue today that we are facing a I yield the floor. early. The President gave us a false similar situation that is just as pre- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- choice, and I am insulted by that, and dictable. Looking at the facts, we can ator from Arkansas. people back home are too. It is either see this deal all but guarantees a nu- Mr. BOOZMAN. Mr. President, I ap- this deal—and everybody agrees this is clear Iran. I can’t support this in good preciate the remarks of the Senator a bad deal; even the Democrats today conscience. from Georgia, and I certainly associate are telling us how flawed this deal is. I This is one of the worst deals I have myself with them. didn’t hear one person today stand up seen in my lifetime. I am embarrassed This debate is vital. Despite Presi- and tell us how great this deal was. Ba- that we sit here in front of the Amer- dent Obama’s initial objections to con- sically, I heard this is the best deal we ican people and actually have to dis- gressional oversight, the American

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:37 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.070 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6519 people deserve a vote in this critical Lifting sanctions will provide Iran national security and the security of national security matter, which I with approximately $100 billion in pre- our Israeli and Arab allies by failing to would note has been negotiated behind viously frozen assets which the admin- live up to his own goal of ending Iran’s closed doors. istration has ultimately admitted will capability to build a nuclear weapon. The bill that we passed in May ac- go, at least in part, to the Iranian mili- The administration is asking the complished that. Now the Senate tary and its terrorist offshoots. It was American people to accept a deal which Democrats are talking about taking hard enough to get the international will, at best, freeze Iran’s nuclear pro- that away by filibustering this debate. community to commit to sanctions in gram for 8 years—that is, if the Ira- How we went from passing Senator the first place. With a reprieve of this nians actually live up to their end of CORKER’s bill by a vote of 98 to 1 just a nature, we will never be able to rees- the bargain. One of the major failures few months ago to a potential fili- tablish them should Iran not live up to in this deal is the lack of anytime, any- buster is baffling to the American peo- its end of the agreement, which is a where inspections to ensure that they ple. Our constituents want this debate. strong possibility given the Iranian re- do. In April, the President’s own Sec- They have a number of concerns about gime’s actions in the past. retary of Energy, Dr. Moniz, a nuclear this deal. We are their voice. We are Along with sanctions relief, the physicist whom the President often re- here to represent them, not to protect international arms embargo and ban on fers to as a leading authority on nu- the President from a difficult veto. ballistic missile research will also be clear programs. He said: ‘‘We expect to When these discussions began, Presi- lifted. Within the next 8 years, Iran have anywhere, anytime access’’ when dent Obama claimed we would be able will have access to modern offensive referring to what our country needed to diplomatically dismantle Iran’s nu- weapons. This does not bode well for to ensure Iran was abiding by a nuclear clear program. The final agreement peace in the region. It puts our secu- agreement. suggests this is far from the case. It is rity and that of our allies at great risk. How can we ever be certain of com- apparent that the President and his ne- Remember, we are talking about the pliance if Iran decides to cheat and we gotiating partners were willing—eager, world’s leading state sponsor of terror. have a weak inspection regime as part even—to give in to every demand made What we are giving up as a result of of this deal? I would argue that we by the world’s largest State sponsor of this deal, the sanctions relief, the arms can’t. Another part of this debate that terrorism. The goalposts were moved embargo, the ongoing enrichment, has been very troubling to me is that from dismantling Iran’s clandestine makes the world a more dangerous the President continues to tell the nuclear weapons program to blindly place. We have a responsibility to en- American people there are only two op- hoping we can contain it. sure that Iran never achieves its goal tions: his agreement or war. During The deal President Obama and Sec- of becoming a nuclear power. If Iran one of his major speeches on this deal, retary of State Kerry have orches- goes nuclear, Saudi Arabia and other he actually mentioned the word ‘‘war’’ trated has several key faults. For nations in the region surely will follow. 50 times in an attempt to hammer this starters, under the deal, Iran is not re- false choice home. quired to destroy a single centrifuge, The deal gives us little confidence that Despite this misinformation cam- not one. That means well over 1,000 we will be successful in this regard. A nuclear Iran could be devastating paign designed to pressure the Amer- centrifuges will remain in place at for America and our allies. This is ican people into agreeing to a bad deal, Fordow, one of Iran’s most infamous about saving our children and grand- our military leaders and distinguished nuclear sites. Many will continue to children from the prospects of nuclear former administration officials clearly operate. This is no ordinary facility; it denied that our choice is either support is a fortified, underground military war. I cannot confidently say this the deal or go to war with Iran. In tes- bunker built into the side of a moun- agreement will accomplish this goal. In timony before the Senate Armed Serv- tain. It was constructed in secret, and fact, I fear it moves us in the wrong di- ices Committee, Chairman of the Joint it has served only one purpose: to cov- rection. For that reason, I oppose the ertly produce weapons-grade, highly deal and intend to support the resolu- Chiefs of Staff GEN Martin Dempsey enriched uranium. tion of disapproval. disagreed with the President’s assess- When the talks began, the President The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ment that the American people face a was adamant that Fordow must be ator from Iowa. choice of supporting the agreement or closed as part of the final agreement. Mrs. ERNST. Mr. President, as we going to war with Iran. However, over the course of the nego- come together and debate President Later that same week, the Presi- tiations, the President caved. The Ira- Obama’s agreement on Iran, I believe it dent’s pick to lead the U.S. Navy said nians will be able to maintain the ca- is one of the most consequential na- war was not the only alternative and pacity to continue enrichment activi- tional security decisions we may ever that we need to use the full set of capa- ties at Fordow. face. I have heard my peers talk many bilities that the joint force and the The President claims that verifica- times about the things that trouble Navy can deliver to deter that. The tion will ensure Iran’s compliance. Ver- them, the things they fear, the ‘‘things military contribution is also just a ification appears to be exactly where that keep us up at night.’’ I will tell subset of a whole-of-government ap- this deal is lacking any punch. There is you that this nuclear agreement is one proach, along with our allies in the re- nothing in this deal that lets us con- of those things that keeps me up at gion. It is not just leaders within our fidently say we know what is truly night, as a mother, as a grandmother, military saying this. going on at any of the nuclear sites in and as a soldier. Gen. Michael Hayden, former Direc- Iran. Having proudly worn our Nation’s tor of the CIA and NSA, said: There are no anytime, anywhere in- uniform for over 20 years and having There is no necessity to go to war if we spections, including at Fordow. Even deployed to the region, I can tell you don’t sign this agreement. There are actions worse, international inspectors will not that protecting and defending this in between those two extremes. even be the ones handling the inspec- country is something I take very seri- Dr. Richard Haas, president of the tions at the country’s military com- ously and very personally. I had hoped Council on Foreign Relations, said: ‘‘I plex in Parchin. The Iranians them- our President would approach the would echo that’’ during the same selves will be. How this is acceptable to American people with a deal that re- hearing. Ambassador Edelman, a anyone is astonishing. There is abso- flected the high ground our Nation has former Under Secretary of Defense for lutely no reason, given the regime’s stood on against Iran for decades. Policy and Ambassador to Turkey, history, to believe that the Iranian in- Unfortunately, now that I have seen said: ‘‘I agree with you, I don’t think spectors will be honest about what is the available details, I believe the those are the only alternatives.’’ Am- going on in Parchin. President has not negotiated a good bassador Nicholas Burns, a former top A lack of verification is far from the deal with Iran. The agreement before U.S. negotiator with Iran on its nu- only troubling aspect of this agree- us fails to dismantle Iran’s nuclear pro- clear programs and former Under Sec- ment. The Iranian regime believes that gram and does not end Iran’s support of retary of State for Political Affairs, the agreement gives them full, perma- terrorism. The President has squan- said: ‘‘I don’t believe that war would be nent relief from sanctions. dered his opportunity to enhance our inevitable. . . .’’

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:37 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.075 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 Rather than misrepresenting the pipeline from Iran into Iraq, the abundance Secretary of State John Kerry told facts and our country’s options, I chal- of the munitions and the lethality on US the American people in June that ‘‘we lenge the supporters of the agreement Forces, the sense of peril never left our psy- know what they did,’’ ‘‘we have no to explain to the American people why che. While I was never fearful of losing a doubt,’’ and ‘‘we have absolute knowl- limb, I knew if I was struck, I would follow they are supporting a flawed and bad certain death, one that I welcomed ten edge of the possible military dimen- deal today, when we should be putting months into a fifteen month deployment. sions of Iran’s nuclear program.’’ Let our citizens’ interests and their secu- Removing sanctions on Soleimani is me say that again: ‘‘We have absolute rity first. I would also note that this an embarrassment for this administra- knowledge of the possible military di- administration was willing to leave the tion and in the words of some of our mensions of Iran’s nuclear program.’’ negotiating table without securing an Iraq veterans, ‘‘a slap in the face.’’ As chairman of the Intelligence Com- end to Iran’s support of terrorism. Then there is Luke, a retired Army mittee, I can tell you we don’t have ab- Iran is the world’s leading sponsor of servicemember with the storied 101st solute knowledge of anything. Our in- terror. We are giving them a free pass Airborne Division. While on patrol dur- telligence is good, but it is not perfect, in this deal to continue those efforts. ing the division’s second tour to Iraq, and it is disingenuous for Secretary In addition to the billions of dollars in Luke lost his leg in combat, after his Kerry to suggest otherwise. sanctions relief, which leaves Iran vehicle was hit with an Iranian-made We must accept the self-evident fact poised to double down on its support of EFP. that Iran has a horrific record of com- terrorism, the President also agreed to He told us that ‘‘we come home plying with nonproliferation commit- lift the U.N. arms embargo for ad- blown up and try to put our lives back ments. When our best tools are faith vanced conventional weapons and bal- together only to hear that our country and hope, we are putting our own na- listic missiles. is going to be lifting sanctions that tional security, as well as our allies’, As a veteran of Kuwait and Iraq in will free up billions for Iran to kill at risk. support of Operation Iraqi Freedom, I more innocents. We may not be at war I respectfully ask my colleagues, as am beside myself, as are many other with them, but they’re at war with us. you consider your vote on this agree- Americans who served in Iraq, regard- I’m a wounded veteran and I spend a ment, to think about the following ing the President’s support for sanc- great deal of time helping other guys questions: tions relief for one terrorist in par- like me. I can assure you that this deal Do you know where every potential ticular: the leader of Iran’s elite covert directly affects us. It is a slap in the nuclear facility is located? Do you know the location or activity force, the Quds Force, General Qassem face to all veterans. All those who of every nuclear-related laboratory, Soleimani. served. . . .’’ General Soleimani is directly respon- We owe it to veterans and our cur- whether it is in a military facility or a sible for the deaths of several hundred rent servicemembers who have sac- university campus? Americans and the wounding of thou- rificed to stop Iran’s support of terror. Do we know whether Iran intends to sands more during the Iraq war. I urge the President and my colleagues purchase sensitive nuclear materials Throughout the Iraq war, we lost many to consider Iran’s true intent and not from a rogue nation or whether we will Americans, killed in action, and many to underestimate Iran’s will to enhance detect the sale or the transfer of that more wounded by Iraq Shia militia who its capability to destabilize the Middle nuclear material? Do we know the intentions of the Su- were supported or controlled by Gen- East, threaten American security, and preme Leader or what he and his suc- eral Soleimani. In 2010, Ambassador the security of our allies in the region cessor may be thinking in 10 years? James Jeffrey, then-U.S. Ambassador and around the globe. to Iraq, said: ‘‘Up to a quarter of the In closing, the decision we make on Do we know everything about Iran’s American casualties and some of the this agreement will have lasting re- past culpability, its future intent or more horrific incidents in which Amer- sults for our Nation, the world, and fu- ability to conceal illicit, nuclear ac- icans were kidnapped . . . can be traced ture generations of Americans. tivities? without doubt to these Iranian I urge all of my colleagues to reject Have we assumed too much about groups.’’ the President’s bad deal and put the se- Iran’s willingness to abide by the One of the significant tolls to attack curity of the American people, our al- agreement? American servicemembers was an im- lies, and the global community first. Unlike Secretary Kerry, I do not be- provised explosive device, IED, known I yield the floor. lieve that we know everything about as an explosively formed penetrator or The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Iran’s past nuclear efforts. I do not EFP. These EFPs were provided by ator from North Carolina. have faith that we know, with any de- Iran exclusively to groups they con- Mr. BURR. Mr. President, we are gree of certainty, this regime’s inten- trolled in order to kill Americans. here today to engage in an honest and tions, as he suggests. If you ask American servicemembers open debate about the nuclear agree- Our intelligence community does who served in Iraq during the war, they ment that the administration has bro- amazing things, and I am continually will tell you these types of IEDs used kered with Iran. impressed with the dedication, drive, by Iranian-supported Shia militias Let me at this point commend Chair- and the capability of its people. Our in- were some of the most deadly and dev- man CORKER for the way he and his telligence community regularly pro- astating types emplaced by any of the committee have handled a very dif- vides our civilian and military leader- Iraqi insurgency groups, including Al ficult process that has not been coordi- ship insights and assessments on the Qaeda in Iraq. While many of my col- nated with the administration, where toughest national security problems, leagues share the concern regarding their consideration was for Congress to but they never—they never—claim— General Soleimani and Iran’s targeting be cut out. I think Chairman CORKER and I wouldn’t believe them if they of Americans during the Iraq war, we has done a wonderful job and inserted did—to have absolute knowledge of any seldom hear from Americans who have the Senate of the United States where issue. Again, intelligence is imperfect. firsthand experience in fighting these it should be, as part of this agreement. Secretary Kerry told the American Iranian-supported Iraqi Shia militias. I am here to tell you that this deal is people and the Members of this body: My staff recently spoke to a cur- not based on absolute value, absolute No part of this agreement relies on trust. rently serving U.S. Army officer, origi- knowledge of Iran’s activities or its in- It is all based on thorough and extensive nally from Waterloo, IA, who deployed tentions—including its nuclear ambi- transparency and verification measures. with the 1st Calvary Division on a 15- tions—but it is naively and dan- With all due respect, the Secretary is month deployment to Iraq during the gerously based on faith and hope. Our oversimplifying the very complex and surge. This Iowan described to us the national security should not be based difficult world of treaty compliance impact Iran’s effort in Iraq had on him on faith and hope. Our Nation’s secu- and verification. The Secretary should and his tank platoon in Baghdad say- rity is too precious to be based on faith come clean and truthfully state that ing: and hope alone—faith that we will de- this agreement does not rely on trust; The threat of EFPs was quite real during tect any Iranian efforts to cheat and it relies on hope and faith—faith that our deployment to Iraq. Understanding the hope that the Iranians will not cheat. we will detect any Iranian efforts to

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:38 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.076 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6521 cheat and hope that Iran will not tion asked that we have faith that President’s own agreement with the cheat. these will not have a material effect on Iranians that has stripped us of all le- My colleagues should be mindful be- the agreement and our ability to en- verage except military action if the fore casting their votes. Your eyes sure Iranian compliance with its terms. agreement is not adhered to. The stra- should be wide open to the uncertainty It raises additional questions. Do we tegic decision to engage Iran in the re- we as a nation are accepting with this have absolute certainty that we know sulting deal cannot be based on abso- agreement. If the IAEA and our intel- what those agreements include? Do we lute certainty of Iran’s nuclear pro- ligence community are not 100 percent understand how they may affect Iran’s grams or its intentions. The agreement certain and our collective assumptions activities, assumptions or willingness is based on questionable assumptions, respect wrong and we get caught un- to abide by the terms of its agreements allows far too much maneuvering by aware or we are surprised, the con- with the United States? Do we know Iran, and naively trusts the regime sequences will be significant. They without a doubt where every potential that has a history of evasive activities could be disastrous and we will, with- nuclear facility is located? and false declarations to the very body, out a doubt, regret entering into this The President argued: the IAEA, entrusted with enforcing the agreement. Although it may take 24 days to finally get agreement. The agreement the administration access to [a] site . . . high school physics Do we know without a doubt what is has negotiated with Iran is based on will remind us that that [nuclear materials] going on in every laboratory in Iran, faith that we know everything about leaves a trace. And so we’ll know that, in whether it is on a military facility or a the nuclear program today and hope fact, there was a violation of the agreement. university campus? I applaud the efforts of our nego- that the Iranian regime will abide by I don’t have absolute certainty that tiators, our intelligence community, the terms of this agreement. this is true and question the adminis- The administration is displaying mis- tration’s willingness to give up a re- and our diplomats, but I am sorry to say that they were sent on a fool’s er- guided faith that Iran will not use the quirement for anywhere, anytime ac- rand by the President. They were pro- billions of dollars soon to be available cess. If Iran isn’t hiding anything, why vided a false choice between this agree- to continue its efforts to fund terrorist wouldn’t they offer that access? ment and war. The narrative just proxies worldwide. I call my col- Do we trust Iran’s claim that they don’t have a covert facility? Do we doesn’t add up. leagues’ attention to recent comments I have spent the better part of 15 have faith that they do not? Are we by National Security Advisor Susan years as a member of the House or Sen- Rice, who said: ‘‘we should expect’’ hoping that they do not build one? Do ate Intelligence Committee. I under- that some of the money Iran gets under we or can we have absolute certainty stand the nature and the nuance of in- sanctions relief as a result of the nu- on this issue? telligence work, and I know that there clear deal ‘‘would go to the Iranian A former IAEA deputy director stat- are no absolute certainties in this busi- military and could potentially be used ed in 2013 that ‘‘if there is no ness. for the kinds of bad behavior that we undeclared [nuclear] installation today This deal is based not on an absolute have seen in the region.’’ . . . it will be the first time in 20 years knowledge of Iran’s activities and its Again, this deal ignores the facts and that Iran doesn’t have one.’’ intentions, as the administration instead hopes that it will work out. Ultimately, I believe this deal is would have us believe, but as you can Iran is the world’s central bank of ter- built on a foundation that is far more see, it is naively based on faith and rorism, and this additional income is unstable than the administration hope. not likely to be solely dedicated to would have us believe. I, for one, will not vote to enable a streamlining their postal delivery While I realize that all the parties in- regime that supports terrorism, evades routes in Iran. volved in this deal have been trying to international inspections, disregards Secretary Kerry testified in July spin the narrative to their benefit, I U.N. Security Council resolutions, and that ‘‘they [Iran] are committed to cer- cannot believe that a deal as tough as is opposed to the very existence of an- tain things that we interpret as ter- the administration would have us be- other nation in the region. The United rorism.’’ lieve would be referred to by the Ira- States has effectively led the inter- The administration is relying on nian President as a ‘‘legal, political, national community and enacted sanc- faith that the IAEA and our intel- and technical victory for Iran.’’ tions that have restrained the hostile ligence community will be able to de- The administration has chosen to regime, and it now looks as though this tect any trace of nuclear material and trade all of our economic leverage—le- administration will undo those years of any prohibited activity and has hope verage that was working—for a near- efforts and enable the same regime by that the IAEA will continue to have term possible delay in Iran’s breakout filling its coffers with badly needed re- ‘‘access’’ to Iranian nuclear sites—‘‘ac- timeline. No doubt we will still have sources. cess’’ that in some cases is being de- leverage, but it will be limited, per- I don’t know with absolute certainty fined as ‘‘the ability to deliver things versely, given the President’s state- where this agreement will lead, but I to Iranians at the gate of a facility, so ments about opponents of this deal to do understand that there are too many they can conduct their own surveil- military action, something we have unanswered questions to move forward. lance’’—anytime, anywhere to deliver tried to avoid for many years as it re- I urge my colleagues to join me in opposing this agreement. the equipment to the Iranians and ask lates to Iran. The administration hopes I yield the floor. that it will not have to use military ac- them to do self-inspections inside the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- gate. tion. ator from Oklahoma. If the IAEA is prevented from gain- Can you tell me with absolute cer- Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, it has ing the necessary access to declared or tainty what the Supreme Leader’s in- been a long day. We have heard about suspected facilities in a timely man- tentions are? Can you tell me what he everything that can be heard from a lot ner, we will be at a significant—signifi- is thinking or what he will be thinking of different people, and I have come to cant—disadvantage, and the sanctions in 10 years when Iran will have rebuilt some conclusions that there are some pressures we have obtained over years its struggling economy and will be things that are incontrovertible after of efforts cannot be remade overnight. nearing the end of what limited re- hearing both sides of the debate all day Our reliance on the IAEA is now also straints may remain on its nuclear re- long. There are six things we should be tied to two side agreements with Iran search and development activities? Did looking at. I will quickly summarize that Members of this body have not yet we just enable a regime based on a these. I think it is kind of a good been provided. I will remind my col- false choice that we didn’t fully under- wrapup. leagues that when the President signed stand? There are six things. First of all, this the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review One of the President’s chief criti- deal rewards and legitimizes Iran for Act, the law required him to provide to cisms, typical of his straw-man ap- violating international laws and trea- Congress the agreement and ‘‘all re- proach to debate, has been to suggest ties and United Nations Security Coun- lated materials and annexes,’’ and that that opponents of the deal only want a cil resolutions. I say it rewards and le- has not happened. Yet the administra- military action. Oddly enough, it is the gitimizes.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:37 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.079 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6522 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 The second thing it does is it rewards According to the State Department’s Fifth, and next to last, is it places no Iran with $100 billion dollars. You ‘‘2009 Country Reports on Terrorism,’’ restrictions on Iran’s ballistic missile heard it today. That could be a floating they have provided training and weap- development. People have not talked figure. We are not sure just how much ons to the Taliban fighting our forces much on the floor about this fact. They it is, but we do know this: what they do in Afghanistan. Iranian IEDs have have talked about the bomb, but there with their money is to expand their in- killed U.S. troops in Iraq. They have has to be a delivery system before the fluence with terrorist organizations. paid the Taliban in Afghanistan to kill bomb can be effective. The third thing is it places the Mid- U.S. troops. Iran supports Hamas in I can remember in 2007 that our un- dle East on the brink of a new arms Palestine, Hezbollah in Lebanon, and classified intelligence report said that race. This is something we have heard Assad in Syria. by 2015 Iran would have the bomb and from others for quite some time, and I had occasion to be in the Persian a delivery system. Well, here it is 2015, now we already have some countries Gulf on the USS Carl Vinson just a few and they weren’t that far off. So we coming forward with what their inten- weeks ago. It was during the negotia- know what the capability is out there, tions are. tions. There I was in the Persian Gulf what they are planning on doing, and The fourth thing is it fails to dis- at the same time an Iranian ship was the U.S. intelligence assesses—this is mantle Iran’s enrichment infrastruc- taking weapons down to Yemen to kill the quote and this is very significant— ture. That has been stated by a lot of Americans. That was while we were ne- ‘‘that Iran’s ballistic missiles are in- people. No one really is denying that. gotiating. herently capable of delivering weapons And fifth, it places no restrictions on Iran is bankrolling the slaughter of of mass destruction and that Iran’s Iran’s ballistic missile program. You tens of thousands of Syrians and has program on space launch vehicles im- have to keep in mind we have been publicly committed to the annihilation proves Tehran’s ability to develop talking about bombs all day, but you of the State of Israel and has called for longer range missiles, including an have to deliver the bombs to make ‘‘Death to America’’ while we are in intercontinental ballistic missile them effective. That is when the mis- the middle of negotiations. (ICBM).’’ sile program comes into play. General Austin, the commander of What no one has mentioned on this And sixth—and I think it is most im- the U.S. Central Command, made the thing is we made an arrangement in portant—there is, in my opinion, no statement—and I was there when he the previous administration knowing verification at all. made this statement—that ‘‘Iran rep- I would like to summarize all of that that Iran was going to have this capa- resents the most significant threat to bility. We have some 30 ground-based real quickly. In speaking about the the central region . . . Iran continues interceptors, but they are all on the fact that the agreement rewards and to pursue policies that threaten U.S. West Coast, because we thought that legitimizes Iran’s violations, keep in strategic interests and goals through- was where it was going to have to come mind they have violated almost every out the Middle East.’’ international law or treaty or United As was stated by my good friend be- from. But guess what. All of a sudden Nations Security Council resolution. fore me, even Susan Rice, who would Iran is going to be coming from the The Treaty on the Nonproliferation of do almost anything the President asks, other direction. Well, the first thing Nuclear Weapons, for developing nu- has said we can expect some of this this President did when he took office clear weapons—they have violated money—this $100 billion dollars or was to do away with our commitment. that. The International Covenant on whatever the amount ends up being—is We had an arrangement with the Civil and Political Rights, which has to going to be used to fortify their ter- Czech Republic to have a ground-based do with the freedom of expression, the rorist friends. So we can only conclude interceptor there. I remember so well freedom of religion, freedom from dis- the financial windfall estimated to be that one of the best friends we have crimination, and freedom from tor- over $100 billion will be used to fortify over there made the statement: Are ture—they have violated that. The more terrorism. you sure if we enrage Russia by having International Convention against the The third point I think was made this system that you are not going to Taking of Hostages—several people today is—and these are the six I think pull the rug out from under us? have mentioned today—I think the jun- have become incontrovertible—this I said: Absolutely. ior Senator from Georgia asked: What agreement places the Middle East on That was Vaclav Klaus, one of our about the four hostages who are over the brink of a new arms race. best friends over there. there? Dr. Kissinger, who testified before I said: Absolutely. I would carry that one step further. our committee—the Armed Services Of course, that is what the President One of the hostages is an FBI agent Committee just the other day—when did. Now we have that same problem named Robert Levinson. Robert testifying regarding the ongoing nu- with the delivery system. Levinson now holds the record of hav- clear negotiations with Iran, said, The last thing I think is most impor- ing been held hostage longer than any- ‘‘The impact of this approach will be to tant—and I may be the only Member of one else in history, and he is still move from preventing proliferation to the Senate who believes this, but I look there. He is still there at a time we are managing it.’’ at this and I go back home. A lot of in this process. We all recall last month, when Prime times you don’t find the wisdom here The U.N. security resolutions on ac- Minister Netanyahu warned us and in Washington; you have to go back cess to nuclear facilities—they have said, ‘‘The deal that was supposed to home. Certainly over this past month, violated that. I think everyone knows end nuclear proliferation will actually being around my State of Oklahoma, that. trigger nuclear proliferation. It will people have asked the question: Well, Iran has shown from time to time trigger a nuclear arms race in the Mid- wait a minute, if they have all this they can’t be trusted. The Director dle East.’’ time once accused of something or if General of the IAEA has said Iran has Saudi Arabia has been talking re- the IAEA should say ‘‘We believe they consistently failed to provide informa- cently about possibly being the first to are making a bomb in a certain loca- tion or access needed to allay the jump in there on this new program, so tion’’—once they do that, if they have IAEA’s concerns about the weapons po- we can expect that to happen. We know the ability under this deal to delay tential. it is going to happen. that not just 24 hours, not just 24 days, So that is the first thing. The second The fourth thing is, the agreement but they can go on and delay it for two thing is rewarding the world’s leading fails to dismantle Iran’s enrichment in- additional periods by applying to the sponsor of terrorism. The United frastructure. I think that has been joint commission for 15 days and then States does not normally negotiate driven home by many people here. And the Minister of Foreign Affairs for 15 with terrorists. This is something I it permits Iran to retain its enrich- days—that is 54 days. I suggest we stop have heard for many, many years, as ment infrastructure, including ad- and think about that. If we know some- long as I have been here, until now. vanced centrifuges and continued de- body has something, but they have 54 Iran remains the world’s leading state velopment of its enrichment tech- days to either destroy it or hide it or sponsor of terrorism, as we have heard nology. That is something that is now put it someplace else, they are going to all day today. pretty much agreed to. do it.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:37 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.081 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6523 So my people in Oklahoma say there is not a treaty, it is not a deal, it is stream media—Big Abortion’s loudest just isn’t any kind of verification. And surrender. shoe banger of them all—would be we all remember what Ronald Reagan I yield the floor. thundering Planned Parenthood’s vin- said: ‘‘Trust, but verify.’’ I suggest the absence of a quorum. dication from every headline, every These pages are too young to remem- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The homepage, every network satellite. If ber what happened with the Soviet clerk will call the roll. these videos were false—if a pro-life Union and all those problems, but The legislative clerk proceeded to group somehow fabricated this nar- clearly that was the major concern at call the roll. rative of Planned Parenthood’s greed, that time. So this is the situation that Mr. LEE. Mr. President, I ask unani- barbarism, and cruelty—it would be a was pointed out way back during the mous consent that the order for the story. joint presentation of the House and the quorum call be rescinded. Who are we kidding? It would be the Senate by Netanyahu. If he would just The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. story, a career-making scoop, with change his registration, I would love it GARDNER). Without objection, it is so fame, Pulitzer Prizes, lucrative book if he would run for President of the ordered. deals, and speaking tours awaiting the United States. He is the kind of guy we PLANNED PARENTHOOD journalist who broke the story. Yet if need. He made the statement at that Mr. LEE. Mr. President, last month, you open a newspaper, click on the leg- time that no deal is going to be better before the August recess, the Senate acy media sites, and turn on the news— than the bad deal that is on the table. took up legislation introduced by my nothing. You see nothing. The major I believe that is true. friend Senator JONI ERNST that would networks have gone dark on the videos I had occasion to publish an op-ed have ended Federal funding for Planned over the last month, and major news- last week in the Wall Street Journal Parenthood, transferring subsidies to papers have scrubbed the scandal from urging States to hold fast to their other women’s community health clin- their front pages. sanctions on Iran. Even if they con- ics. Unfortunately, the bill failed on its Why the silence? Simple. They know sider strengthening and expanding first vote, but the questions raised by it is true too. The media looked for the those sanctions, here is the thing peo- the Planned Parenthood scandal and facts, they found them, and then they ple don’t understand. The reason the the challenges it presents to Congress turned away. In the case of the President gets by with not calling this and to the American people have only Planned Parenthood undercover videos a treaty that would have to be con- grown since then. in the court of public opinion, as they firmed and verified by this body is that At issue are undercover videos re- taught me in law school: Qui tacit it is dealing with the States and not leased over the last few months that consentire videtur—the media’s silence the Federal Government. So my hope is provide an unprecedented behind-the- indicates the media’s consent. that many other States will be doing scenes glimpse inside America’s lead- Everyone who has watched these in- what we are doing in the State of Okla- ing abortion provider. These under- dividual videos knows they have the homa and holding on to our sanctions cover videos were captured by a pro- power to change minds and in only one and not releasing any of them. I think life organization called the Center for direction. So the pro-abortion news that could certainly be, if this thing Medical Progress. They contain images media is doing everything they can to becomes a reality, one of the few and conversations unlike anything ever suppress the videos’ exposure. things we can do. before submitted for public scrutiny. So tightly have the wagons been cir- I will end with a quote from then So far, CMP has released 16 hours of cled that the media can’t even attack President Bill Clinton in 1994. I remem- footage depicting what appears to be the Center for Medical Progress as ber this because I was there, and I the routine mutilation of American much as they would surely like to be- heard him make this statement. After children, born and unborn; the har- cause doing so would require context. the deal with North Korea, this is what vesting and sale of those children’s That context would be exceedingly he said: body parts for profit; the means by painful here. This is a good deal for the United States. which Planned Parenthood avoids pub- Even describing these videos—even North Korea will freeze and then dismantle lic detection of and perhaps criminal mentioning them to a wider audience— its nuclear program. South Korea and our al- prosecution for their actions; and, fi- can only lead to curious Google lies will be better protected. The entire world will be safer as we slow the spread of nally, in many ways the most terri- searches, then tweets, then Facebook nuclear weapons. The United States and fying of all, the nonchalant, blood- shares, YouTube views, and inevitably international inspectors will carefully mon- chilling amusement Planned Parent- to public horror at what people would itor North Korea to make sure it keeps its hood personnel seem to derive from all see and the organization responsible commitments. of the above. for that horror. This, Planned Parent- Two decades later, the Defense Intel- To date, no one has rebutted the evi- hood’s friends in the media cannot ligence Agency announced that it had dence contained in these videos. allow, and so they ignore the under- ‘‘moderate confidence’’ that North Planned Parenthood’s friends and po- cover videos, just like they tried to ig- Korea has a nuclear weapon small litical clients gamely try to change the nore the harrowing case of Dr. Kermit enough to be placed on a ballistic mis- subject. They take umbrage and they Gosnell in 2013, the perennial scandal sile. shoot the messenger. They deflect and of dangerous clinic conditions and the So that is what is going on. In to- distract as best they can—the political horror of partial-birth abortion in day’s New York Times—I don’t know equivalent of a checkmated lawyer years past. how anyone can take them seriously banging his shoe angrily on the table. Every pro-choice activist, including when we have the guy who is the real Even the guilty deserve a defense, after those with press credentials, knows boss over there—the Ayatollah all. But they are guilty. We all know that the greatest threat to abortion- Khamenei, talking about Israel, said: it. You only have to watch the videos on-demand is the truth about what it I’m telling you first, you will not be for 5 minutes and you know it is true. entails. As Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn put around in 25 years. We will annihilate The subjects of these videos are sin- it in his Nobel lecture: ‘‘[Violence] is you in that period of time. Then he cere and candid—casually sharing the necessarily interwoven with false- talked about the United States. He secrets of their grisly business with hood.’’ said: Iranians must not forget the people they think are their co-con- The media hides the truth about United States is the Great Satan. Aya- spirators. The evidence points to only Planned Parenthood and about Big tollah Khamenei warned, criticizing one conclusion: Planned Parenthood Abortion—even at the expense of their those calling for better relations, want- really does these horrifying things. own credibility, even to the ing to show this Satan as an angel, but Planned Parenthood makes money at endangerment of vulnerable women the Iranian nation has pushed this it and laughs about it over lunch. But and the enrichment of monsters. Satan out. We should not allow it to aside from the primary evidence, do Like Tolkien’s Gollum, they must sneak back in through the window. you know how else we know it is true? protect the ‘‘precious.’’ I am not a re- These are the guys we are negoti- Because if it were false, we would know porter, nor am I an editor or a pro- ating with. With that, I would say this for sure that it was false. The main- ducer. I am certainly not a network

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:45 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.082 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6524 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 news anchor, a job for which I lack the mute, I will endeavor to improve upon quo. Even if we are right back where skills, the experience and, alas, the the silence and, hopefully in time, im- we started in 10 or 15 years, buying hairline necessary for that position. I prove upon our inadequate legal pro- time isn’t a bad thing, they insist. But, am a lawyer by training and now a tections for the dignity of human life. colleagues, we won’t be right back Senator. Therefore, I cannot make As I said, even the guilty deserve a where we started. We will be in a far leading newspapers, news sites, and tel- defense, but so do the innocent. How- worse position. evision networks tell this story, but it ever vulnerable they may be—both Iran’s current program was built in occurs to me I can try to tell it myself children in the womb and mothers in violation of its Nuclear Non-Prolifera- on the Senate floor. More than just tell the waiting room—however forsaken, tion Treaty obligations and U.N. Secu- that story, I can make the case to our however afraid, the innocent are never rity Council resolutions. The illegality colleagues and to our fellow Ameri- defenseless. Their defense is the truth, of its program served as the basis for cans. For the next several weeks, for as and I am going to do what I can to tell international sanctions, and it rel- long as it takes, I will come to the it. egated Iran to a pariah status in the floor of the Senate—the American peo- I thank the Presiding Officer and community of nations. Now, with this ple’s great deliberative Chamber—and yield the floor. deal, Iran’s program is legitimatized. It make that case. The public deserves to I suggest the absence of a quorum. is welcomed as a member in good know the truth about Planned Parent- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The standing with the NPT, and the sanc- hood, the inhumanity it practices, the clerk will call the roll. tions regime is repealed, not tempo- laws it may be breaking, and the lies it The legislative clerk proceeded to rarily waived. Thus, if the United tells. Taxpayers deserve to know what call the roll. States sought to limit Iran’s program their money—more than a half billion Mrs. FISCHER. Mr. President, I ask after year 15, we would be attempting dollars last year alone—is paying for unanimous consent that the order for to rebuild a sanctions regime from and how their taxes might be more the quorum call be rescinded. scratch and to target a program that, conscionably spent. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without under this agreement, is deemed to be Americans deserve to know what evil objection, it is so ordered. acceptable. is abroad in their land and what good Mrs. FISCHER. Mr. President, I rise Supporters of this agreement, many can be done to overcome it. In the this evening to discuss the recent nu- of whom argue that the sanctions re- struggle between Planned Parenthood clear deal with Iran. I join my col- gime is already on the brink of col- and its victims, President Obama and leagues in opposition to this deal, and lapse, need to ask themselves this: How his party have sided a rich and violent I agree with many of the arguments likely is it that sanctions could ever be special interest group over the inno- that have been put forward. Like so imposed if Iran rapidly expands its pro- cent women they exploit, the tiny chil- many Nebraskans who have contacted gram after year 15 of this agreement? I dren they mutilate, and the vulnerable me to express their opposition, I have a think the answer is that it would be in- communities they poison. number of concerns regarding this deal. credibly unlikely. Is permanently giv- I harbor no illusions about softening One of the difficulties when it comes ing up our ability to sanction Iran in such weaponized extremism with a few to explaining opposition to the deal is exchange for a temporary delay of its floor speeches, nor do I believe that the the sheer volume of the problems with nuclear aspirations a fair trade? Of 45 Senators who voted in August to re- it. There is no simple and succinct way course not. Is buying 10 to 15 years’ affirm Planned Parenthood’s eligibility to package all of the deal’s weaknesses, time worth agreeing to the perpetual for hundreds of millions of dollars in which range from highly technical instability of an unrestrained nuclear Federal funding will change their questions about access to suspicious Iran after that point? No. minds—at least not yet. sites to broad overreaching problems. There are many other reasons to con- The history of our Nation is the story Overall, I believe that, while the ad- clude that we will be in a worse posi- of a good and loving people who stub- ministration claims this deal perma- tion in 15 years despite the administra- bornly, if sometimes slowly, overcome nently prohibits Iran from obtaining a tion’s claims to the contrary. Not only narrow, prejudicial legacies. When pre- nuclear weapon, the plain language of will Iran’s nuclear program be able to sented with the truth, Americans have this agreement simply does not support proceed without limitations, but it will always come to see and defend the in- that claim. I am very worried that in- be far richer with this agreement. nate dignity of our once overlooked spectors do not have the access they There is some debate about how much brothers and sisters and welcome them need to verify Iran’s compliance. More- Iran will receive when the agreement out of the shadows and into our hearts over, there is no effective mechanism comes into effect. But whether it is $50 and our society. for punishing the low-level violations billion or $100 billion or $150 billion, Indeed, the gradual embrace of our that Iran is sure to attempt. However, there is no disagreement that Iran youngest Americans is well underway. even if you put aside the technical stands to profit massively from this In fact, it is gaining momentum all the questions and assume the agreement deal. Moreover, as sanctions are re- time. With every Instagrammed will function exactly as it is intended, pealed and trade resumes, Iran’s econ- ultrasound image, every overjoyed the fact of the matter is that all mean- omy will grow, bringing further profit Facebook post, and every advance in ingful restrictions on Iran’s nuclear to that regime. Although the adminis- embryology and obstetrics, Americans program expire in 15 years. At that tration argues that alternative restric- move closer and closer to the truth point, Iran’s program is legitimatized, tions can be used to hinder Iran’s sup- about the unborn. At the same time, and it is free to build an industrial- port for terrorist groups, it is difficult every new undercover video released by scale enrichment program if it chooses. to believe that relieving sanctions the Center for Medical Progress is This means the 1-year breakout time pressure and infusing Iran with cash bringing us all a little closer to the the administration has placed so much will do anything other than improve truth about Planned Parenthood. emphasis on is only temporary. the positions of Iran’s proxies and the In coming weeks, I hope these In their analysis of the agreement, terror groups that it funds. speeches might help my colleagues and the nonproliferation experts at the In- The additional resources will also anyone who might be listening to come stitute for Science and International allow Iran to increase its military ca- a little closer to the truth about both. Security concluded that after year 15 pabilities, which will further be en- As I make the case against using tax- of the agreement, ‘‘Iran could have in hanced by the negotiators’ decision to payer funds to facilitate, protect, and place a nuclear infrastructure that end the U.N. conventional weapons and promote Planned Parenthood’s decep- could produce significant quantities of ballistic missile technology embargoes tions and violence, I hope my col- weapon-grade uranium rapidly and on Iran. I find this decision to lift the leagues on the other side of these ques- turn that material into nuclear weap- embargoes—particularly on the trans- tions will join me from time to time. A ons in a matter of months.’’ Some may fer of ballistic missile technology to good debate is always more fruitful contend that even if it is not a perma- Iran—highly concerning and a compel- than a monologue. But as long as nent prohibition, as the administration ling example of just how this deal fails Planned Parenthood’s friends remain claims, it is still better than the status to advance our interests.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:45 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.083 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6525 Rolling back Iran’s ballistic missile proliferation efforts one less tool to Mrs. FISCHER. Mr. President, I ask program has been a key objective of limit Iran’s military development and, unanimous consent that the order for the United States for some time be- in particular, its ability to build an the quorum call be rescinded. cause, as Director of National Intel- ICBM that is capable of hitting the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ligence Clapper put it in his statement United States. objection, it is so ordered. assessing worldwide threats before the The administration has also argued f Armed Services Committee this year, that keeping the embargo on conven- MORNING BUSINESS ‘‘Tehran would choose ballistic mis- tional weapons in effect for 5 years and siles as its preferred method of deliv- 8 years with respect to those ballistic Mrs. FISCHER. Mr. President, I ask ering nuclear weapons.’’ missile restrictions is a victory. After unanimous consent that the Senate be Secretary Carter, in his confirmation all, they claim, Iran, Russia, and China in a period of morning business, with hearing, built on this and unequivo- wanted to have those restrictions re- Senators permitted to speak therein cally stated that Iran’s ballistic mis- moved immediately. Watering down for up to 10 minutes each. sile development was ‘‘a threat not last-minute demands of a minority of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without only to the United States, but friends negotiators is not a victory for the objection, it is so ordered. and allies in the region.’’ United States. Any attempt to argue f Last year I joined a number of my that we were lucky to avoid complete RECOGNIZING LIEUTENANT colleagues in sending a letter to the capitulation to the demands of Iran GENERAL PATRICIA D. HOROHO President urging him to use the nego- and Russia and China admits a negoti- tiations process to achieve further re- ating atmosphere so dysfunctional that Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, it is strictions on Iran’s ballistic missile no positive agreement could have an honor to commend LTG Patricia D. program. The administration’s re- emerged. Horoho, the 43rd U.S. Army Surgeon sponse to our letter stated that Iran’s I believe the repeal of the U.N. em- General and Commander, U.S. Army ballistic missile program ‘‘will need to bargoes will foster Iran’s conventional Medical Command, upon her retire- be addressed in the context of a com- weapons and ballistic missile develop- ment following 32 years of service to prehensive solution.’’ This position was ment. Thus, under this agreement, in our Nation and the U.S. Army. She repeated by the U.S. negotiators. 15 years we are likely to see an Iran leaves behind a legacy of trans- Under Secretary of State Wendy Sher- that has emerged as a threshold nu- formation that will benefit the health man also stated on multiple occasions clear state with an advanced enrich- care of our soldiers and their families that Iran’s ballistic missile program ment program, has a more advanced for years to come. ‘‘has to be addressed as part of a com- conventional army, and commands a Lieutenant General Horoho was com- prehensive agreement.’’ larger, better trained, and better missioned as a second lieutenant in the The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of equipped proxy force. It may even have U.S. Army Nurse Corps in 1982 upon her Staff, General Dempsey, weighed in at an ICBM with which it can threaten to graduation from the University of a July 7 hearing before our Senate retaliate against any U.S. attack. All North Carolina. Over the course of her Armed Services Committee, testifying of this will be achieved without vio- service, she commanded medical units that ‘‘under no circumstances should lating the agreement that is before us to include the U.S. Army Medical Com- we relieve pressure on Iran relative to today, which reflects how far short it mand, the Walter Reed Health Care ballistic missile capabilities and arms falls of advancing U.S. interests. System, the Western Regional Medical trafficking.’’ Then, a week later, news Worst of all, legitimizing Iran’s nu- Command, and the Madigan Army Med- reports surfaced that negotiators had clear program diminishes the chance ical Center. She also deployed in sup- agreed to an eleventh hour Iranian de- that sanctions could ever be imposed port of the International Security As- mand that the embargoes be lifted. on Iran in the future, and fostering its sistance Force Joint Command in Af- Indeed, when the deal was announced military development undermines the ghanistan in 2011. on July 14, the President revealed that threat of force should Iran ever at- During her tenure as the 43rd U.S. after 5 years, the conventional weapons tempt to develop a nuclear weapon. Army Surgeon General, Lieutenant embargo will be removed, and after 8 I believe this vote will be one of the General Horoho demonstrated her re- most important I will make as a U.S. years, restrictions related to ballistic solve to transform Army Medicine Senator, and it is worthy of a robust missile technology would also expire. I from a health care system to a system debate. I am disappointed that more of will repeat that point. Instead of ex- of health. Her strong leadership efforts my colleagues—in particular those on changing sanctions relief for further resulted in the Army and the Depart- the other side of the aisle—have not limitations on Iran’s ballistic missile ment of Defense adopting many initia- come to the floor to share their opin- development, as many of us in this tives to improve the quality of care for ion, their position. I find their silence body had urged, U.S. negotiators military members, families, and retir- deafening. agreed at the last minute to relax As I have looked around this Cham- ees—validating the Army Medical De- those restrictions. These are the weap- ber today, I have been wondering, partment’s professionalism as a High ons that our intelligence community where are the supporters of this agree- Reliability Organization. She is a na- tells us will be Iran’s preferred way to ment? Why are they not on the floor to tional leader and innovator in health deliver a nuclear weapon, and our most defend the substance of this deal? For- care who provided vision and direction senior military officer testified that we get the politics. Forget the false that positively transformed Army Med- should ‘‘under no circumstances’’ re- choices, the straw men, and the blus- icine. lieve that pressure. When the adminis- ter. We should be here to debate sub- Lieutenant General Horoho is a true tration said Iran’s ballistic missile pro- stance. patriot who has dedicated her life to grams would have to be addressed, few In conclusion, I cannot support an the security, health, and welfare of our would have guessed that this is what agreement that attempts to trade inad- Nation. Her loyalty and commitment they meant. equate short-term limits for dangerous to the soldiers and their families have Now, Secretary Kerry has argued this long-term concessions. never wavered. She is leaving the U.S. concession won’t have an impact be- Nebraskans and all Americans and Army Medical Department in a high cause many other tools, such as the their families are depending on us to state of readiness, capable of accom- Missile Technology Control Regime ensure that our Nation’s security is plishing its important missions. We and the Proliferation Security Initia- protected. This deal should not be ap- thank her for her outstanding service tive, are available to prevent Iran from proved. to a grateful nation and wish her well acquiring ballistic missile technology. I yield the floor. in her future endeavors. But the United Nations restrictions I suggest the absence of a quorum. f were imposed in order to bolster those The PRESIDING OFFICER. The measures which were on the books long clerk will call the roll. RECOGNIZING JOSEPH M. CASEY before the U.N. measures were passed. The senior assistant legislative clerk Mr. TOOMEY. Mr. President, I wish Removing them will give our counter- proceeded to call the roll. to congratulate Joseph M. Casey on his

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:38 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.085 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6526 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 upcoming retirement as general man- social, and financial challenges. These ter grandparents in the Manhattan ager of the Southeastern Pennsylvania volunteers serve at thousands of loca- area. These women note the work they Transportation Authority, also known tions, helping children build reading do for the kids is very fulfilling, and as SEPTA. Mr. Casey has served skills, providing one-on-one tutoring, they plan to continue to serve in the SEPTA in this position for the last 7 mentoring troubled teenagers and classroom for years. By giving positive years and will officially retire on Sep- young mothers, caring for premature attention to kids, the volunteers and tember 30, 2015. infants or children with disabilities, teachers have been able to see a real For those who do not know, SEPTA and assisting children who have been turnaround in students’ lives. Carmen is the largest transit system in the abused or neglected. Flaz, principal of Oakdale Elementary Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and I am particularly proud to honor the School in Salina, said that foster the sixth largest in the Nation. Serv- more than 500 seniors in Kansas who grandparents have a large effect in the ices including bus, subway, commuter contribute their time and talents serv- classroom. rail, light rail, and electric trolleybus ing children in my State. Foster grand- Grandma Linda Downs is the only are provided to over 3.9 million people parent programs operate across Kansas foster grandparent in Waterville, a in and around Philadelphia, PA, includ- out of Augusta, Hays, Kansas City, town of around 700 people in northeast ing parts of Delaware and New Jersey. Manhattan, Paola, Topeka, and Wich- Kansas. Grandma Linda serves stu- A lifelong resident of the Philadelphia ita. Volunteers serve in an array of lo- dents in her local preschool as well the area, Mr. Casey’s first memories of cations throughout the State, includ- afterschool and summer elementary ing schools, hospitals, juvenile correc- SEPTA were riding the trolley to visit programs. She volunteers at least 30 tional institutions, and early childhood his grandmother in the city and to at- hours each week for her community. education and childcare centers. These tend games at Connie Mack Stadium. Grandma Melinda serves as a foster compassionate individuals have Mr. Casey began his career at SEPTA grandparent at Lucas-Luray Elemen- reached more than 5,000 Kansas stu- tary School in Luray. When she was in 1982. Before becoming general man- dents over the last 50 years. The fol- younger, she lost her right thumb in an ager in 2008, he served for 6 years as lowing are just a few examples of their accident. While most people do not no- chief financial officer and treasurer. In inspiring service: senior leadership positions at the In- Alice Reid has been part of the Fos- tice her missing thumb, Grandma ternal Audit and Finance departments, ter Grandparent Program since 2004. At Melinda says, ‘‘Leave it to a kid! They he received praise for his efforts to im- the age of 92, she has consistently look you over from head to toe. They plement fiscal responsibility at the au- given an average of 33 hours per week spy my missing thumb right away. thority. and 11,341 lifetime volunteer hours. She They watch me holding a crayon or As general manager of SEPTA, Mr. primarily works on reading with chil- glue stick. They are always watching Casey oversaw 9,000 employees and in- dren younger than 5 years of age, but my hand to see what I can do.’’ When stituted several necessary programs for Grandma Alice is happy to help any children at school ask her about her the authority. He shifted SEPTA’s cus- student. She often spends her lunch missing thumb, Grandma Melinda lets tomer relations focus to reflect the hour in the cafeteria eating with the them look closer and touch her hand if ‘‘Four Cs’’—Cleanliness, Convenience, children. Grandma Alice is so valued they want. She uses this opportunity Courtesy and Communication—and im- that the school had a big celebration to teach the children a life lesson plemented initiatives to reduce energy for her 90th birthday. There were more about each person being special in consumption on vehicles and at facili- than 400 children involved in this birth- their own way and about accepting ev- ties. As a result, SEPTA received the day celebration for their friend. The eryone. 2012 American Public Transportation students made birthday cards and sang Grandpa Hubert Brown serves in a Association, APTA, Outstanding Pub- to her. A kindergarten teacher re- Head Start classroom in Great Bend, lic Transportation System Award. marked, ‘‘We love Grandma Alice and where he gives special attention to Throughout his tenure, Mr. Casey has we appreciate all that she does for us. three particular students. A set of two focused on community engagement and She has been a wonderful part of our boys have formed a close bond with policy reforms with the aim of helping school.’’ him. Another child, a little girl who is riders and the overall transit infra- In WaKeeney, Grandma Deb very shy and did not talk much with structure system. I applaud Mr. Casey Fabrizius serves in kindergarten class- other students, always finds a place for his work with SEPTA over the past rooms at Trego Grade School and has near Grandpa Hubert during circle 34 years and his service to the residents formed trusting friendships with many time. Through her friendship with of southeast Pennsylvania. His leader- of the children she serves. She shared a Grandpa Hubert, she has increased her ship and determination should serve as story about a child, ‘‘a sweet little guy involvement in class and developed an example for his successor. who is quiet, very particular about his friendships with her classmates. f work and has a great smile. This little The special way of life we live in boy does not hug a lot, but when he Kansas and across this great country ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS does it, it is special—he’s very sincere would not be possible without individ- about it.’’ The child told Grandma Deb uals committed to giving back to im- prove their own communities, and fos- FOSTER GRANDPARENTS that he wanted to share a secret with ter grandparents change the world for PROGRAM 50TH ANNIVERSARY her. She followed him to his locker, where he took out a folder from his the better one soul at a time. Their ∑ Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, today I backpack with papers in it. The papers acts of kindness and selflessness are in- wish to commend all foster grand- detailed what he wanted to be when he spiring to us all. I honor foster grand- parents on the program’s 50th anniver- grew up. Grandma Deb was touched parents for their shining examples of sary this year. The Foster Grand- that he trusted her enough to keep his service to others. This commitment to parents Program provides ways for vol- secret, and she told him that his par- service enriches our own homes and unteers age 55 and older to stay active ents would be proud of him and encour- strengthens our Nation. by serving children and youth in their aged him to share his dreams with Thank you, congratulations on your communities. These volunteers give them. Foster grandparents such as 50th anniversary, and all the best for their time and talents as role models, Grandma Deb are sometimes the only many more years of helping others.∑ mentors, and friends to children in adults with whom children have con- f need. sistent, loving, nonjudgmental rela- More than 25,000 foster grandparents tionships. Grandma Deb and other fos- REMEMBERING LIEUTENANT volunteer through over 300 programs ter grandparents do their best to en- CHARLES GLINIEWICZ throughout the United States. Last courage students and inspire them to ∑ Mr. KIRK. Mr. President, on Sep- year, foster grandparent volunteers have self-confidence and reach for the tember 1, 2015, Lieutenant Charles Jo- provided 23 million hours of service to stars. seph Gliniewicz of the Fox Lake Police their local communities, serving more Carol Sheffield, Udena McKee, Naomi Department made the ultimate sac- than 189,000 children facing academic, Graves, and Margaret Hill work as fos- rifice. Lieutenant Gliniewicz, who

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:45 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.064 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6527 served his community as a police offi- herd included 2,500 bison. Once the The Livingston Parish Chamber of cer for over 30 years, was nearing re- bison are in the corrals, they are vac- Commerce is made up of more than 500 tirement when he was shot and killed cinated, branded, and sorted for sale. members from across Livingston Par- while in pursuit of suspects during his Several hundred bison are sold each ish, representing a wide range of busi- morning patrol. year in order to prevent overgrazing nesses including small mom-and-pop Lieutenant Gliniewicz, known has and preserve the grasslands. shops to large corporations. While serv- ‘‘G.I. Joe,’’ was a pillar of his commu- I offer my congratulations to the ing the interests of more than 20,000 nity, committed to his job, his family, Custer State Park Buffalo Roundup on employees of local businesses, the and the children he trained at the Fox its 50th anniversary and wish them chamber of commerce has worked to Lake Police Explorer Post 300. As prosperity in the years to come.∑ make Livingston Parish one of the founder of Post 300 and leader since f fastest growing parishes in the State. 1987, Lieutenant Gliniewicz trained Their exemplary hands-on approach to TRIBUTE TO MARTIN GUTIERREZ young people ages 14 to 21 for a career support members of the community is in law enforcement. Hundreds of these ∑ Mr. VITTER. Mr. President, today I evident through programs such as ‘‘Explorers’’ entered into law enforce- honor Martin Gutierrez, division direc- ‘‘Leads for Lunch’’ and ‘‘Breakfast on ment and military careers following tor for Catholic Charities Archdiocese the Run,’’ events designed to allow Lieutenant Gliniewicz’s training and of New Orleans and the recipient of the members to promote their businesses mentorship. Prior to his career in Fox 2015 Excelencia Award as a Community and encourage referrals for other Lake, Lieutenant Gliniewicz was a Leader by the Hispanic Chamber of chamber members. member of the U.S. Army and proudly Commerce of Louisiana. One of the most distinctive aspects of served his country from 1981 to 2007, re- Martin grew up in the New Orleans the Livingston Parish Chamber of ceiving numerous service awards dur- area, graduating from Chalmette High Commerce is its commitment to sup- ing that time. School and going on to receive a degree porting and training local students and While Lieutenant Gliniewicz dedi- in business administration and man- educators. Through scholarship oppor- cated much of his time to his commu- agement from the University of New tunities, Student of the Month awards, nity, he was also a loving family man. Orleans. While still in high school, and other educational programs, it is He was married to his wife Mel for 26 Martin took a job at a local bank clear the chamber of commerce recog- years and the couple have four chil- where he continued to work for the nizes the importance of training the dren. next 14 years. business leaders of tomorrow. Addi- I wish to express my deepest condo- Following his banking career, he be- tionally, all members of the chamber lences to the family and friends of came the executive director of the His- can feel confident knowing they will Lieutenant Charles Joseph Gliniewicz panic Apostolate of New Orleans. While have ample opportunities to learn from and the entire Fox Lake community. there he supported the work of 16 their peers, connect with members of On behalf of the people of Illinois, I church parishes that offered a ministry the community, and network with thank Lieutenant Gliniewicz for his targeted to the Hispanic community. local officials. By providing such a dedication and service to his commu- In 2007, he became the director of Im- strongly interconnected business com- nity and his country. I encourage all migration/Refugee Services and His- munity, the Livingston Parish Cham- law enforcement personnel to honor his panic Outreach for Catholic Charities ber of Commerce has proved to be vital memory by continuing his mission to in New Orleans. Since then, he has in the success of its local economy. foster positive relationships between served as the executive director for It is my honor to recognize the Liv- police officers and the people they Neighborhood Community Services and ingston Parish Chamber of Commerce serve and to inspire the next genera- as vice president for Community Serv- for their unwavering service to the tion of law enforcement.∑ ices Ministries. He was named division local business community and for being an exemplary role model for the rest of f director last year and in that role he manages a number of programs that in- the State and country.∑ CUSTER STATE PARK BUFFALO clude a staff of around 100 people and a f ROUNDUP 50TH ANNIVERSARY budget of approximately $7 million. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT ∑ Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I wish to In addition to his work with Catholic recognize the Custer State Park Buf- Charities, Martin is also involved in a Messages from the President of the falo Roundup. The Buffalo Roundup number of other community organiza- United States were communicated to will be celebrating its 50th anniversary tions. He serves on the board for the the Senate by Mr. Pate, one of his sec- on September 25, 2015. The exciting and New Orleans Family Justice Center, retaries. historical event is accompanied by an UNITY for the Homeless, Puentes New f arts festival, a buffalo wallow chili Orleans, and ASI Federal Credit Union. EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED cook-off, concerts, and more. He has also participated in training As in executive session the Presiding Taking place in the beautiful Custer with the Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Of- Officer laid before the Senate messages State Park, located in the Black Hills, fice Citizens Academy, New Orleans from the President of the United the Buffalo Roundup is a spectacular Police Department Citizens Academy, States submitting sundry nominations event. Each year, thousands of visitors and the FBI Citizens Academy. and a withdrawal which were referred watch as a herd of approximately 1,300 In 2006, he received the Galvez Cut to the appropriate committees. bison is driven into corrals by cowboys from the New Orleans Hispanic Herit- (The messages received today are on horses, all-terrain vehicles, and age Foundation in recognition of his printed at the end of the Senate pro- pickup trucks. Following the roundup, work in the Hispanic community and ceedings.) the bison are sorted for sale and med- in 2010, he was presented with the Role ical evaluations. Model Award by the Young Leadership f Millions of bison roamed the Great Council. I am pleased to join with the MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Plains hundreds of years ago, but in Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of Lou- At 2:19 p.m., a message from the the 1800s the bison population dwindled isiana to recognize Martin Gutierrez as House of Representatives, delivered by to less than 1,000. Custer State Park an outstanding community leader.∑ Mrs. Cole, one of its reading clerks, an- purchased 36 bison in 1914 as part of an f nounced that the House has passed the effort to conserve the bison population, following bill, without amendment: and the herd was often gathered for RECOGNIZING THE LIVINGSTON PARISH CHAMBER OF COMMERCE S. 1359. An act to allow manufacturers to culling and inspection. It was not until meet warranty and labeling requirements for 1965 that the roundup became an an- ∑ Mr. VITTER. Mr. President, I wish to consumer products by displaying the terms nual event. honor the Livingston Parish Chamber of warranties on Internet websites, and for The Buffalo Roundup is integral to of Commerce for being awarded the 2015 other purposes. maintaining a healthy bison herd in Louisiana Chamber of Commerce of the The message also announced that the Custer State Park. At its largest, the Year Award. House has passed the following bills, in

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:45 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.052 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 which it requests the concurrence of dent of the Senate on August 19, 2015; to the EC–2668. A communication from the Direc- the Senate: Committee on Environment and Public tor of the Regulatory Management Division, Works. Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- H.R. 1344. An act to amend the Public EC–2661. A communication from the Direc- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Health Service Act to reauthorize a program tor of the Regulatory Management Division, titled ‘‘Idaho: Final Authorization of State for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- Hazardous Waste Management Program; Re- regarding deaf and hard-of-hearing newborns, ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- vision’’ (FRL No. 9932–87–Region 10) received infants, and young children. titled ‘‘Air Plan Approval; Michigan and during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- H.R. 1462. An act to combat the rise of pre- Wisconsin; 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS PSD and Visi- fice of the President of the Senate on August natal opioid abuse and neonatal abstinence bility Infrastructure SIP Requirements’’ 19, 2015; to the Committee on Environment syndrome. (FRL No. 9932–65–Region 5) received during and Public Works. H.R. 1725. An act to amend and reauthorize adjournment of the Senate in the Office of EC–2669. A communication from the Direc- the controlled substance monitoring pro- the President of the Senate on August 19, tor of the Regulatory Management Division, gram under section 399O of the Public Health 2015; to the Committee on Environment and Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- Service Act, and for other purposes. Public Works. ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- H.R. 2820. An act to reauthorize the Stem EC–2662. A communication from the Direc- titled ‘‘NORTH CAROLINA: Final Authoriza- Cell Therapeutic and Research Act of 2005, tor of the Regulatory Management Division, tion of State Hazardous Waste Management and for other purposes. Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- Program Revisions’’ (FRL No. 9932–93–Region ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- The message further announced that 4) received during adjournment of the Senate titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air in the Office of the President of the Senate the House has agreed to the following Quality Implementation Plans; Montana; Re- concurrent resolutions, in which it re- on August 19, 2015; to the Committee on En- visions to the Administrative Rules of Mon- vironment and Public Works. quests the concurrence of the Senate: tana; Correction’’ (FRL No. 9932–53–Region 8) EC–2670. A communication from the Direc- H. Con. Res. 70. Concurrent resolution au- received during adjournment of the Senate tor of the Regulatory Management Division, thorizing the use of the Capitol Grounds for in the Office of the President of the Senate Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- the District of Columbia Special Olympics on August 19, 2015; to the Committee on En- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Law Enforcement Torch Run. vironment and Public Works. titled ‘‘Partial Approval and Disapproval of H. Con. Res. 73. Concurrent resolution au- EC–2663. A communication from the Direc- Air Quality State Implementation Plans thorizing the use of the Capitol Grounds for tor of the Regulatory Management Division, (SIP); State of Nebraska; Infrastructure SIP the 2nd Annual Fallen Firefighters Congres- Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- Requirements for the 2008 Ozone National sional Flag Presentation Ceremony. ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS).’’ titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Imple- H. Con. Res. 74. Concurrent resolution au- (FRL No. 9932–78–Region 7) received during mentation Plans; State of Kansas; Infra- thorizing the use of the Capitol Grounds for adjournment of the Senate in the Office of structure SIP Requirements for the 2008 an event to commemorate the 20th Anniver- the President of the Senate on August 19, Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Stand- sary of the Million Man March, 2015; to the Committee on Environment and ard’’ (FRL No. 9932–81–Region 7) received Public Works. f during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- EC–2671. A communication from the Direc- fice of the President of the Senate on August MEASURES REFERRED tor of the Regulatory Management Division, 19, 2015; to the Committee on Environment Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- and Public Works. The following bills were read the first ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- EC–2664. A communication from the Direc- and the second times by unanimous titled ‘‘Prevention of Significant Deteriora- consent, and referred as indicated: tor of the Regulatory Management Division, Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- tion and Title V Permitting for Greenhouse H.R. 1344. An act to amend the Public ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Gases: Removal of Certain Vacated Ele- Health Service Act to reauthorize a program titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air ments’’ (FRL No. 9932–11–OAR) received dur- for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment Quality Implementation Plans; State of Mis- ing adjournment of the Senate in the Office regarding deaf and hard-of-hearing newborns, souri; Cross-State Air Pollution Rule’’ (FRL of the President of the Senate on August 19, infants, and young children; to the Com- No. 9932–95–Region 7) received during ad- 2015; to the Committee on Environment and mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and journment of the Senate in the Office of the Public Works. EC–2672. A communication from the Assist- Pensions. President of the Senate on August 19, 2015; to H.R. 1725. An act to amend and reauthorize the Committee on Environment and Public ant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works), the controlled substance monitoring pro- Works. transmitting, pursuant to law, a report rel- gram under section 399O of the Public Health EC–2665. A communication from the Direc- ative to the Calcasieu Lock, inland naviga- Service Act, and for other purposes; to the tor of the Regulatory Management Division, tion project; to the Committee on Environ- Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- ment and Public Works. Pensions. ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- EC–2673. A communication from the Direc- H.R. 2820. An act to reauthorize the Stem titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air tor of the Regulatory Management Division, Cell Therapeutic and Research Act of 2005, Quality Implementation Plans; State of Ne- Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- and for other purposes; to the Committee on braska; Cross-State Air Pollution Rule’’ ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (FRL No. 9932–84–Region 7) received during titled ‘‘Water Quality Standards Regulatory adjournment of the Senate in the Office of Revisions’’ (FRL No. 9921–21–OW) received f the President of the Senate on August 19, during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- 2015; to the Committee on Environment and fice of the President of the Senate on August EXECUTIVE AND OTHER 11, 2015; to the Committee on Environment COMMUNICATIONS Public Works. EC–2666. A communication from the Direc- and Public Works. The following communications were tor of the Regulatory Management Division, EC–2674. A communication from the Direc- laid before the Senate, together with Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- tor of the Regulatory Management Division, accompanying papers, reports, and doc- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- uments, and were referred as indicated: titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Imple- mentation Plans; Klamath Falls, Oregon titled ‘‘Air Plan Approval; Indiana and Ohio EC–2659. A communication from the Direc- Nonattainment Area; Fine Particulate Mat- Infrastructure SIP Requirements for the 2010 tor of Congressional Affairs, Nuclear Regu- ter Emissions Inventory and SIP Strength- NO2 and SO2 NAAQS’’ (FRL No. 9932–15–Re- latory Commission, transmitting, pursuant ening Measures’’ (FRL No. 9932–40–Region 10) gion 5) received during adjournment of the to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Mis- received during adjournment of the Senate Senate in the Office of the President of the cellaneous Corrections’’ ((RIN3150–AJ60) in the Office of the President of the Senate Senate on August 11, 2015; to the Committee (NRC–2015–0105)) received during adjourn- on August 19, 2015; to the Committee on En- on Environment and Public Works. ment of the Senate in the Office of the Presi- vironment and Public Works. EC–2675. A communication from the Direc- dent of the Senate on August 6, 2015; to the EC–2667. A communication from the Direc- tor of the Regulatory Management Division, Committee on Environment and Public tor of the Regulatory Management Division, Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- Works. Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- EC–2660. A communication from the Direc- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air tor of the Regulatory Management Division, titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Virginia; Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- Quality Implementation Plans; State of Kan- Movement of the Northern Virginia Area ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- sas; Cross-State Air Pollution Rule’’ (FRL from Virginia’s Nonattainment Area List to titled ‘‘Air Plan Approval; IL; MN; Deter- No. 9932–85–Region 7) received during ad- its Maintenance Area List’’ (FRL No. 9932– minations of Attainment of the 2008 Lead journment of the Senate in the Office of the 35–Region 3) received during adjournment of Standard for Chicago and Eagan’’ (FRL No. President of the Senate on August 19, 2015; to the Senate in the Office of the President of 9932–63–Region 5) received during adjourn- the Committee on Environment and Public the Senate on August 11, 2015; to the Com- ment of the Senate in the Office of the Presi- Works. mittee on Environment and Public Works.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:38 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09SE6.017 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6529 EC–2676. A communication from the Direc- Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Section 6426(c) and Section 6426(d)’’ (Notice tor of the Regulatory Management Division, Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the 2015–56) received during adjournment of the Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Determination of Senate in the Office of the President of the ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Distributive Share When Partner’s Interest Senate on August 21, 2015; to the Committee titled ‘‘Air Plan Approval; Indiana; Alcoa Changes’’ ((RIN1545–BD71) (TD 9728)) received on Finance. BART’’ (FRL No. 9932–18–Region 5) received in the Office of the President of the Senate EC–2692. A communication from the Chief during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- on August 5, 2015; to the Committee on Fi- of the Publications and Regulations Branch, fice of the President of the Senate on August nance. Internal Revenue Service, Department of the 14, 2015; to the Committee on Environment EC–2684. A communication from the Chief Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the and Public Works. of the Publications and Regulations Branch, report of a rule entitled ‘‘Updated Static EC–2677. A communication from the Direc- Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Mortality Tables for Defined Benefit Pension tor of the Regulatory Management Division, Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Plans for 2016’’ (Notice 2015–53) received dur- Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Extension of Time ing adjournment of the Senate in the Office ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- to File Certain Information Returns’’ of the President of the Senate on August 13, titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air ((RIN1545–BM50) (TD 9730)) received during 2015; to the Committee on Finance. Quality Implementation Plans; Rhode Island adjournment of the Senate in the Office of EC–2693. A communication from the Chief Low Emission Vehicle Program’’ (FRL No. the President of the Senate on August 13, of the Publications and Regulations Branch, 9932–46–Region 1) received during adjourn- 2015; to the Committee on Finance. Internal Revenue Service, Department of the ment of the Senate in the Office of the Presi- EC–2685. A communication from the Chief Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the dent of the Senate on August 14, 2015; to the of the Publications and Regulations Branch, report of a rule entitled ‘‘Revenue Proce- Committee on Environment and Public Internal Revenue Service, Department of the dure: Procedures for Advance Pricing Agree- Works. Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the ments’’ (Rev. Proc. 2015–41) received during EC–2678. A communication from the Direc- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Procedures for Re- adjournment of the Senate in the Office of tor of the Regulatory Management Division, questing Competent Authority Assistance the President of the Senate on August 13, Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- Under Tax Treaties’’ (Rev. Proc. 2015–40) re- 2015; to the Committee on Finance. ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- ceived during adjournment of the Senate in EC–2694. A communication from the Chief titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air the Office of the President of the Senate on of the Publications and Regulations Branch, Quality Implementation Plans; District of August 13, 2015; to the Committee on Fi- Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Columbia; Interstate Pollution Transport nance. Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Requirements for the 2006 24-Hour Fine Par- EC–2686. A communication from the Acting report of a rule entitled ‘‘Basis in Interests ticulate Matter Standard’’ (FRL No. 9932–55– Chief of the Regulations and Disclosure Law in Tax-Exempt Trusts’’ ((RIN1545–BJ42) (TD Region 3) received during adjournment of the Division, Customs and Border Protection, 9729)) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Department of Homeland Security, transmit- Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on August 14, 2015; to the Committee ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Senate on August 13, 2015; to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. titled ‘‘Liberalization of Certain Documen- on Finance. EC–2679. A communication from the Direc- tary Evidence Required as Proof of Expor- EC–2695. A communication from the Assist- tor of the Regulatory Management Division, tation on Drawback Claims’’ (RIN1515–AE02) ant Secretary, Bureau of Political-Military Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- received during adjournment of the Senate Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- in the Office of the President of the Senate pursuant to law, an addendum to a certifi- titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Imple- on August 11, 2015; to the Committee on Fi- cation of the proposed sale or export of de- mentation Plans; Klamath Falls, Oregon nance. fense articles and/or defense services to a Nonattainment Area; Fine Particulate Mat- EC–2687. A communication from the Chief Middle East country (OSS–2015–1397); to the ter Emissions Inventory and SIP Strength- of the Publications and Regulations Branch, Committee on Foreign Relations. ening Measures’’ (FRL No. 9932–40–Region 10) Internal Revenue Service, Department of the EC–2696. A communication from the Acting received during adjournment of the Senate Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Political- in the Office of the President of the Senate report of a rule entitled ‘‘Applicable Federal Military Affairs, Department of State, trans- on August 14, 2015; to the Committee on En- Rates—September 2015’’ (Rev. Rul. 2015–19) mitting, pursuant to law, an addendum to a vironment and Public Works. received during adjournment of the Senate certification of the proposed sale or export of EC–2680. A communication from the Direc- in the Office of the President of the Senate defense articles and/or defense services to a tor of the Regulatory Management Division, on August 21, 2015; to the Committee on Fi- Middle East country (OSS–2015–1389); to the Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- nance. Committee on Foreign Relations. ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- EC–2688. A communication from the Chief EC–2697. A communication from the Acting titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Imple- of the Publications and Regulations Branch, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Political- mentation Plans; State of Missouri, Control- Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Military Affairs, Department of State, trans- ling Emissions During Episodes of High Air Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the mitting, pursuant to law, an addendum to a Pollution Potential’’ (FRL No. 9932–39–Re- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Transfers of Prop- certification of the proposed sale or export of gion 7) received during adjournment of the erty to Partnerships with Related Foreign defense articles and/or defense services to a Senate in the Office of the President of the Partners and Controlled Transaction Involv- Middle East country (OSS–2015–1390); to the Senate on August 14, 2015; to the Committee ing Partnerships’’ (Notice 2015–54) received Committee on Foreign Relations. on Environment and Public Works. during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- EC–2698. A communication from the Acting EC–2681. A communication from the Direc- fice of the President of the Senate on August Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Political- tor of the Regulatory Management Division, 21, 2015; to the Committee on Finance. Military Affairs, Department of State, trans- Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- EC–2689. A communication from the Chief mitting, pursuant to law, an addendum to a ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- of the Publications and Regulations Branch, certification of the proposed sale or export of titled ‘‘Promulgation of State Implementa- Internal Revenue Service, Department of the defense articles and/or defense services to a tion Plan Revisions; Infrastructure Require- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Middle East country (OSS–2015–1391); to the ments for the 2008 Ozone, 2008 Lead, and 2010 report of a rule entitled ‘‘Update of Weighted Committee on Foreign Relations. NO2 National Ambient Air Quality Stand- Average Interest Rates, Yield Curves, and EC–2699. A communication from the Acting ards; Colorado’’ (FRL No. 9932–52–Region 8) Segment Rates’’ (Notice 2015–55) received Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Political- received during adjournment of the Senate during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- Military Affairs, Department of State, trans- in the Office of the President of the Senate fice of the President of the Senate on August mitting, pursuant to law, an addendum to a on August 14, 2015; to the Committee on En- 21, 2015; to the Committee on Finance. certification of the proposed sale or export of vironment and Public Works. EC–2690. A communication from the Chief defense articles and/or defense services to a EC–2682. A communication from the Direc- of the Publications and Regulations Branch, Middle East country (OSS–2015–1392); to the tor of the Regulatory Management Division, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Committee on Foreign Relations. Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the EC–2700. A communication from the Acting ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Section 4980I—Ex- Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Political- titled ‘‘Approval of North Carolina’s Request cise Tax on High Cost Employer-Sponsored Military Affairs, Department of State, trans- to Relax the Federal Reid Vapor Pressure Health Coverage’’ (Notice 2015–52) received mitting, pursuant to law, an addendum to a Gasoline Volatility Standard for Mecklen- during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- certification of the proposed sale or export of burg and Gaston Counties’’ ((RIN2060–AS64) fice of the President of the Senate on August defense articles and/or defense services to a (FRL No. 9931–94–OAR)) received during ad- 21, 2015; to the Committee on Finance. Middle East country (OSS–2015–1393); to the journment of the Senate in the Office of the EC–2691. A communication from the Chief Committee on Foreign Relations. President of the Senate on August 14, 2015; to of the Publications and Regulations Branch, EC–2701. A communication from the Acting the Committee on Environment and Public Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Political- Works. Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Military Affairs, Department of State, trans- EC–2683. A communication from the Chief report of a rule entitled ‘‘Income Tax Treat- mitting, pursuant to law, an addendum to a of the Publications and Regulations Branch, ment of 2014 Fuel Credits Allowable Under certification of the proposed sale or export of

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:36 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09SE6.007 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6530 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 defense articles and/or defense services to a relative to a vacancy in the position of Ad- Research Institutes’’ (RIN0925–AA10) re- Middle East country (OSS–2015–1394); to the ministrator, General Services Administra- ceived during adjournment of the Senate in Committee on Foreign Relations. tion, received during adjournment of the the Office of the President of the Senate on EC–2702. A communication from the Assist- Senate in the Office of the President of the August 11, 2015; to the Committee on Health, ant Secretary, Bureau of Political-Military Senate on August 20, 2015; to the Committee Education, Labor, and Pensions. Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, on Homeland Security and Governmental Af- EC–2722. A communication from the Direc- pursuant to law, an addendum to a certifi- fairs. tor of Regulations and Policy Management cation of the proposed sale or export of de- EC–2714. A communication from the Acting Staff, Food and Drug Administration, De- fense articles and/or defense services to a Director of the Office of Standards, Regula- partment of Health and Human Services, Middle East country (OSS–2015–1395); to the tions, and Variances, Mine Safety and transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of Committee on Foreign Relations. Health Administration, Department of a rule entitled ‘‘Listing of Color Additives EC–2703. A communication from the Assist- Labor, transmitting, pursuant to law, the re- Exempt From Certification; Spirulina Ex- ant Secretary, Bureau of Political-Military port of a rule entitled ‘‘Fees for Testing, tract’’ (Docket No. FDA–2014–C–1552) re- Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, Evaluation, and Approval of Mining Prod- ceived during adjournment of the Senate in pursuant to law, an addendum to a certifi- ucts’’ (RIN1219–AB82) received during ad- the Office of the President of the Senate on cation of the proposed sale or export of de- journment of the Senate in the Office of the August 24, 2015; to the Committee on Health, fense articles and/or defense services to a President of the Senate on August 6, 2015; to Education, Labor, and Pensions. Middle East country (OSS–2015–1396); to the the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, EC–2723. A communication from the Sec- Committee on Foreign Relations. and Pensions. retary of Health and Human Services, trans- EC–2704. A communication from the Assist- EC–2715. A communication from the Chair mitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled ant Secretary, Bureau of Political-Military of the Community Preventive Services Task ‘‘Health, United States, 2014’’; to the Com- Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, Force, transmitting, pursuant to law, the mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and pursuant to law, an addendum to a certifi- Task Force’s 2014–2015 Annual Report to Con- Pensions. cation of the proposed sale or export of de- gress; to the Committee on Health, Edu- EC–2724. A communication from the Execu- fense articles and/or defense services to a cation, Labor, and Pensions. tive Analyst (Political), Department of Middle East country (OSS–2015–1398); to the EC–2716. A communication from the Dep- Health and Human Services, transmitting, Committee on Foreign Relations. uty Director, Health Resources and Services pursuant to law, two (2) reports relative to EC–2705. A communication from the Assist- Administration, Department of Health and vacancies in the Department of Health and ant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Depart- Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to Human Services, received in the Office of the ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Counter- President of the Senate on August 5, 2015; to law, a report relative to section 36(c) of the measures Injury Compensation Program: the Committee on Indian Affairs. EC–2725. A communication from the Direc- Arms Export Control Act (DDTC 15–025); to Pandemic Influenza Countermeasures’’ tor, Administrative Office of the United the Committee on Foreign Relations. (RIN0906–AA79) received during adjournment States Courts, transmitting, pursuant to EC–2706. A communication from the Assist- of the Senate in the Office of the President law, a report relative to applications for de- ant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Depart- of the Senate on August 6, 2015; to the Com- layed-notice search warrants and extensions ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and during fiscal year 2014; to the Committee on law, a report relative to the interdiction of Pensions. EC–2717. A communication from the Sec- the Judiciary. aircraft engaged in illicit drug trafficking; EC–2726. A communication from the Sec- retary of Health and Human Services, trans- to the Committee on Foreign Relations. retary of the Federal Trade Commission, EC–2707. A communication from the Assist- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a pe- transmitting, pursuant to law, a report enti- tition to add workers who were employed at ant Legal Adviser for Treaty Affairs, Depart- tled ‘‘Hart-Scott-Rodino Annual Report: Fis- Westinghouse Electric Corporation in ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to the cal Year 2014’’; to the Committee on the Ju- Case-Zablocki Act, 1 U.S.C. 112b, as amended, Bloomfield, New Jersey, to the Special Expo- diciary. the report of the texts and background state- sure Cohort; to the Committee on Health, EC–2727. A communication from the Assist- ments of international agreements, other Education, Labor, and Pensions. ant Attorney General, Office of Legislative than treaties (List 2015–0080–2015–0081); to the EC–2718. A communication from the Gen- Affairs, Department of Justice, transmit- Committee on Foreign Relations. eral Counsel, Pension Benefit Guaranty Cor- ting, pursuant to law, a report entitled ‘‘So- EC–2708. A communication from the Assist- poration, transmitting, pursuant to law, the lutions for Safer Communities: FY 2013 An- ant Legal Adviser for Treaty Affairs, Depart- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Benefits Payable in nual Report to Congress’’; to the Committee ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to the Terminated Single-Employer Plans; Interest on the Judiciary. Case-Zablocki Act, 1 U.S.C. 112b, as amended, Assumptions for Paying Benefits’’ (29 CFR EC–2728. A communication from the Rules the report of the texts and background state- Part 4022) received during adjournment of Administrator, Federal Bureau of Prisons, ments of international agreements, other the Senate in the Office of the President of Department of Justice, transmitting, pursu- than treaties (List 2015–0085–2015–0092); to the the Senate on August 12, 2015; to the Com- ant to law, the report of a rule entitled Committee on Foreign Relations. mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and ‘‘Contraband and Inmate Personal Property: EC–2709. A communication from the Assist- Pensions. Technical Amendment’’ (RIN1120–AB63) re- ant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Depart- EC–2719. A communication from the Direc- ceived during adjournment of the Senate in ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to tor of Regulations and Policy Management the Office of the President of the Senate on law, a report prepared by the Department of Staff, Food and Drug Administration, De- August 25, 2015; to the Committee on the Ju- State on progress toward a negotiated solu- partment of Health and Human Services, diciary. tion of the Cyprus question covering the pe- transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of EC–2729. A communication from the Sec- riod April 1, 2015 through May 31, 2015; to the a rule entitled ‘‘Listing of Color Additives retary, Judicial Conference of the United Committee on Foreign Relations. Exempt From Certification; Mica Based States, transmitting, pursuant to law, a re- EC–2710. A communication from the Chair- Pearlescent Pigments; Confirmation of Ef- port entitled ‘‘Report of the Proceedings of man of the National Transportation Safety fective Date’’ (Docket Nos. FDA–2014–C–1616 the Judicial Conference of the United Board, transmitting, pursuant to law, the and FDA–2015–C–0245) received during ad- States’’ for the March 2015 session; to the Board’s Fiscal Year 2014 Annual Report on journment of the Senate in the Office of the Committee on the Judiciary. the Notification and Federal Employee Anti- President of the Senate on August 11, 2015; to EC–2730. A communication from the discrimination and Retaliation Act of 2002; the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, Human Resources Specialist (Executive Re- to the Committee on Homeland Security and and Pensions. sources), Small Business Administration, Governmental Affairs. EC–2720. A communication from the Pro- transmitting, pursuant to law, a report rel- EC–2711. A communication from the Assist- gram Manager, Centers for Disease Control ative to a vacancy in the position of Chief ant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Depart- and Prevention, Department of Health and Counsel, Small Business Administration, re- ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to ceived during adjournment of the Senate in law, the Department’s fiscal year 2012 and law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Closed-Cir- the Office of the President of the Senate on fiscal year 2013 inventories of commercial cuit Escape Respirators; Extension of Tran- August 24, 2015; to the Committee on Small and inherently governmental activities; to sition Period’’ (RIN0920–AA60) received dur- Business and Entrepreneurship. the Committee on Homeland Security and ing adjournment of the Senate in the Office EC–2731. A communication from the Chief Governmental Affairs. of the President of the Senate on August 11, Impact Analyst, Veterans Benefits Adminis- EC–2712. A communication from the Spe- 2015; to the Committee on Health, Education, tration, Department of Veterans Affairs, cial Counsel, Office of the Special Counsel, Labor, and Pensions. transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of transmitting, pursuant to law, a report enti- EC–2721. A communication from the Dep- a rule entitled ‘‘Loan Guaranty: Adjustable tled ‘‘Annual Report to Congress for Fiscal uty Director, National Institutes of Health, Rate Mortgage Notification Requirements Year 2014’’; to the Committee on Homeland Department of Health and Human Services, and Look-Back Period’’ (RIN2900–AP25) re- Security and Governmental Affairs. transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of ceived during adjournment of the Senate in EC–2713. A communication from the Gen- a rule entitled ‘‘National Institutes of the Office of the President of the Senate on eral Counsel, General Services Administra- Health Undergraduate Scholarship Program August 13, 2015; to the Committee on Vet- tion, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report Regarding Professions Needed by National erans’ Affairs.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:36 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09SE6.008 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6531 EC–2732. A communication from the Chief EC–2740. A communication from the Man- EC–2747. A communication from the Dep- Impact Analyst, Veterans Benefits Adminis- agement and Program Analyst, Federal uty Assistant Administrator, Office of Sus- tration, Department of Veterans Affairs, Aviation Administration, Department of tainable Fisheries, Department of Com- transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to merce, transmitting, pursuant to law, the re- a rule entitled ‘‘Additional Compensation on law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthi- port of a rule entitled ‘‘Fisheries of the Car- Account of Children Adopted Out of Vet- ness Directives; Kidde Graviner’’ ((RIN2120– ibbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; eran’s Family’’ (RIN2900–AP18) received dur- AA64) (Docket No. FAA–2014–0751)) received Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live/Hard Bottom ing adjournment of the Senate in the Office during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- Habitats of the South Atlantic Region; of the President of the Senate on August 12, fice of the President of the Senate on August Amendment 8’’ (RIN0648–BD81) received dur- 2015; to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. 20, 2015; to the Committee on Commerce, ing adjournment of the Senate in the Office EC–2733. A communication from the Chief Science, and Transportation. of the President of the Senate on August 20, Impact Analyst, Veterans Health Adminis- EC–2741. A communication from the Man- 2015; to the Committee on Commerce, tration, Department of Veterans Affairs, agement and Program Analyst, Federal Science, and Transportation. transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to EC–2748. A communication from the Dep- a rule entitled ‘‘Vet Centers’’ (RIN2900–AP21) uty Assistant Administrator, Office of Sus- received during adjournment of the Senate law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthi- ness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc Turbofan tainable Fisheries, Department of Com- in the Office of the President of the Senate merce, transmitting, pursuant to law, the re- on August 10, 2015; to the Committee on Vet- Engines’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. FAA– 2015–0095)) received during adjournment of port of a rule entitled ‘‘Fisheries of the Car- erans’ Affairs. ibbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; EC–2734. A communication from the Man- the Senate in the Office of the President of Snapper-Grouper Fishery Off the Southern agement and Program Analyst, Federal the Senate on August 20, 2015; to the Com- Atlantic States; Regulatory Amendment 20’’ Aviation Administration, Department of mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- (RIN0648–BE30) received during adjournment Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to tation. of the Senate in the Office of the President law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthi- EC–2742. A communication from the Man- of the Senate on August 20, 2015; to the Com- ness Directives; Airbus Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– agement and Program Analyst, Federal mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- AA64) (Docket No. FAA–2015–0826)) received Aviation Administration, Department of tation. during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to fice of the President of the Senate on August law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Standard EC–2749. A communication from the Direc- 20, 2015; to the Committee on Commerce, Instrument Approach Procedures, and Take- tor, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Depart- Science, and Transportation. off Minimums and Obstacle Departure Proce- ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant EC–2735. A communication from the Man- dures; Miscellaneous Amendments (100); to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Western agement and Program Analyst, Federal Amdt. No. 3653’’ (RIN2120–AA65) received dur- and Central Pacific Fisheries for Highly Mi- Aviation Administration, Department of ing adjournment of the Senate in the Office gratory Species; 2015 Bigeye Tuna Longline Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to of the President of the Senate on August 20, Fishery Closure’’ (RIN0648–XE037) received law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthi- 2015; to the Committee on Commerce, during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- ness Directives; Airbus Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– Science, and Transportation. fice of the President of the Senate on August EC–2743. A communication from the Man- AA64) (Docket No. FAA–2013–0834)) received 20, 2015; to the Committee on Commerce, agement and Program Analyst, Federal during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- Science, and Transportation. Aviation Administration, Department of fice of the President of the Senate on August EC–2750. A communication from the Dep- Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to 20, 2015; to the Committee on Commerce, uty Assistant Administrator, Office of Sus- law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Standard Science, and Transportation. tainable Fisheries, Department of Com- Instrument Approach Procedures, and Take- EC–2736. A communication from the Man- merce, transmitting, pursuant to law, the re- off Minimums and Obstacle Departure Proce- agement and Program Analyst, Federal port of a rule entitled ‘‘Pacific Halibut Fish- dures; Miscellaneous Amendments (32); Aviation Administration, Department of eries; Revisions to Charter Halibut Fisheries Amdt. No. 3654’’ (RIN2120–AA65) received dur- Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to Management in Alaska’’ (RIN0648–BE41) re- ing adjournment of the Senate in the Office law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthi- ceived during adjournment of the Senate in of the President of the Senate on August 20, ness Directives; Airbus Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– the Office of the President of the Senate on 2015; to the Committee on Commerce, AA64) (Docket No. FAA–2014–0652)) received August 20, 2015; to the Committee on Com- Science, and Transportation. during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- EC–2744. A communication from the Man- merce, Science, and Transportation. fice of the President of the Senate on August agement and Program Analyst, Federal EC–2751. A communication from the Chair- 20, 2015; to the Committee on Commerce, Aviation Administration, Department of man of the Office of Proceedings, Surface Science, and Transportation. Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to Transportation Board, Department of Trans- EC–2737. A communication from the Man- law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Standard portation, transmitting, pursuant to law, the agement and Program Analyst, Federal Instrument Approach Procedures, and Take- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Regulations Gov- Aviation Administration, Department of off Minimums and Obstacle Departure Proce- erning Fees for Services Performed in Con- Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to dures; Miscellaneous Amendments (45); nection with Licensing and Related Serv- law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthi- Amdt. No. 3651’’ (RIN2120–AA65) received dur- ices—2015 Update’’ (Docket No. EP 542 (Sub- ness Directives; The Boeing Company Air- ing adjournment of the Senate in the Office No. 23)—Board Decision 44285) received dur- planes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. FAA– of the President of the Senate on August 20, ing adjournment of the Senate in the Office 2014–0487)) received during adjournment of 2015; to the Committee on Commerce, of the President of the Senate on August 6, the Senate in the Office of the President of Science, and Transportation. 2015; to the Committee on Commerce, the Senate on August 20, 2015; to the Com- EC–2745. A communication from the Man- Science, and Transportation. mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- agement and Program Analyst, Federal EC–2752. A communication from the Fed- tation. Aviation Administration, Department of eral Register Liaison Officer, Alcohol and EC–2738. A communication from the Man- Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Department agement and Program Analyst, Federal law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Standard of the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to Aviation Administration, Department of Instrument Approach Procedures, and Take- law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Establish- Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to off Minimums and Obstacle Departure Proce- ment of the Squaw Valley-Miramonte law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthi- dures; Miscellaneous Amendments (166); Viticultural Area’’ (RIN1513–AC12) received ness Directives; The Boeing Company Air- Amdt. No. 3652’’ (RIN2120–AA65) received dur- during adjournment of the Senate in the Of- planes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. FAA– ing adjournment of the Senate in the Office fice of the President of the Senate on August 2014–0348)) received during adjournment of of the President of the Senate on August 20, 20, 2015; to the Committee on Commerce, the Senate in the Office of the President of 2015; to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. the Senate on August 20, 2015; to the Com- Science, and Transportation. mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- EC–2746. A communication from the Dep- EC–2753. A communication from the Attor- tation. uty Assistant Administrator for Regulatory ney-Advisor, Office of the General Counsel, EC–2739. A communication from the Man- Programs, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Department of Transportation, transmitting, agement and Program Analyst, Federal Department of Commerce, transmitting, pur- pursuant to law, a report relative to a va- Aviation Administration, Department of suant to law, the report of a rule entitled cancy in the position of Administrator, Fed- Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to ‘‘Fisheries of the Northeastern United eral Highway Administration, Department of law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthi- States; Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery and Transportation, received during adjourn- ness Directives; BAE Systems (Operations) Northeast Multispecies Fishery; Framework ment of the Senate in the Office of the Presi- Limited Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket Adjustment 26; Endangered and Threatened dent of the Senate on August 20, 2015; to the No. FAA–2015–3139)) received during adjourn- Wildlife Sea Turtle Conservation’’ (RIN0648– Committee on Commerce, Science, and ment of the Senate in the Office of the Presi- BE68) received during adjournment of the Transportation. dent of the Senate on August 20, 2015; to the Senate in the Office of the President of the EC–2754. A communication from the Attor- Committee on Commerce, Science, and Senate on August 20, 2015; to the Committee ney-Advisor, Office of the General Counsel, Transportation. on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Department of Transportation, transmitting,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:36 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09SE6.009 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6532 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 pursuant to law, a report relative to a va- pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled S. 720. A bill to promote energy savings in cancy in the position of Administrator, Pipe- ‘‘Securement of Unattended Equipment’’ residential buildings and industry, and for line and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin- (RIN2130–AC47) received during adjournment other purposes (Rept. No. 114–130). istration, Department of Transportation, re- of the Senate in the Office of the President By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee ceived during adjournment of the Senate in of the Senate on August 20, 2015; to the Com- on Energy and Natural Resources, with an the Office of the President of the Senate on mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- amendment: August 20, 2015; to the Committee on Com- tation. S. 873. A bill to designate the wilderness merce, Science, and Transportation. EC–2762. A communication from the Fed- within the Lake Clark National Park and EC–2755. A communication from the Attor- eral Register Liaison Officer, Mission Sup- Preserve in the State of Alaska as the Jay S. ney-Advisor, Office of the General Counsel, port Directorate, National Aeronautics and Hammond Wilderness Area (Rept. No. 114– Department of Transportation, transmitting, Space Administration, transmitting, pursu- 131). pursuant to law, a report relative to a va- ant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Re- By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee cancy in the position of Administrator, Fed- moval of Obsolete Regulations’’ (RIN2700– on Energy and Natural Resources, without eral Motor Carrier Safety Administration, AE20) received during adjournment of the amendment: Department of Transportation, received dur- Senate in the Office of the President of the S. 1103. A bill to reinstate and extend the ing adjournment of the Senate in the Office Senate on August 20, 2015; to the Committee deadline for commencement of construction of the President of the Senate on August 20, on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. of a hydroelectric project involving Clark 2015; to the Committee on Commerce, EC–2763. A communication from the Dep- Canyon Dam (Rept. No. 114–132). Science, and Transportation. uty Assistant Administrator for Regulatory S. 1104. A bill to extend the deadline for EC–2756. A communication from the Dep- Programs, Office of Habitat Conservation, commencement of construction of a hydro- uty Assistant Administrator for Regulatory Department of Commerce, transmitting, pur- electric project involving the Gibson Dam Programs, Office of Protected Resources, De- suant to law, the report of a rule entitled (Rept. No. 114–133). partment of Commerce, transmitting, pursu- ‘‘Resource Agency Hearings and Alternatives By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee ant to law, the report of a rule entitled Development Procedures in Hydropower Li- on Energy and Natural Resources, with ‘‘Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to censes’’ (RIN0596–AC42; RIN1090–AA91; amendments: Specified Activities; United States Navy RIN0648–AU01) received during adjournment S. 1240. A bill to designate the Cerro del Training and Testing Activities in the Mar- of the Senate in the Office of the President Yuta and Rio San Antonio Wilderness Areas iana Islands Training and Testing Study of the Senate on August 20, 2015; to the Com- in the State of New Mexico, and for other Area’’ (RIN0648–BD69) received during ad- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- purposes (Rept. No. 114–134). journment of the Senate in the Office of the tation. By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee President of the Senate on August 20, 2015; to f on Energy and Natural Resources, with an the Committee on Commerce, Science, and amendment in the nature of a substitute and Transportation. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES an amendment to the title: EC–2757. A communication from the Chief The following reports of committees S. 1305. A bill to amend the Colorado River of the Policy and Rules Division, Office of were submitted: Storage Project Act to authorize the use of Engineering and Technology, Federal Com- By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee the active capacity of the Fontenelle Res- munications Commission, transmitting, pur- on Energy and Natural Resources, without ervoir (Rept. No. 114–135). suant to law, the report of a rule entitled amendment: By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee ‘‘Amendment of Part 15 of the Commission’s S. 145. A bill to require the Director of the on Energy and Natural Resources, with an Rules For Unlicensed Operations in the Tele- National Park Service to refund to States all amendment: vision Bands’’ ((FCC 15–99) (ET Doc. No. 14– State funds that were used to reopen and S. 1483. A bill to direct the Secretary of the 165)) received during adjournment of the Sen- temporarily operate a unit of the National Interior to study the suitability and feasi- ate in the Office of the President of the Sen- Park System during the October 2013 shut- bility of designating the James K. Polk ate on August 25, 2015; to the Committee on down (Rept. No. 114–124). Home in Columbia, Tennessee, as a unit of Commerce, Science, and Transportation. By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee the National Park System, and for other EC–2758. A communication from the Sec- on Energy and Natural Resources, with an purposes (Rept. No. 114–136). retary of the Commission, Bureau of Con- amendment: By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee sumer Protection, Federal Trade Commis- S. 403. A bill to revise the authorized route on Energy and Natural Resources, without sion, transmitting, pursuant to law, the re- of the North Country National Scenic Trail amendment: port of a rule entitled ‘‘Final Action Con- in northeastern Minnesota and to extend the S. 2011. An original bill to provide for re- cerning Review of Interpretations of Magnu- trail into Vermont to connect with the Ap- forms of the administration of the Outer son-Moss Warranty Act; Rule Governing Dis- palachian National Scenic Trail, and for Continental Shelf of the United States, and closure of Written Consumer Product War- other purposes (Rept. No. 114–125). for other purposes (Rept. No. 114–137). ranty Terms and Conditions; Rule Governing By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee S. 2012. An original bill to provide for the Pre-Sale Availability of Written Warranty on Energy and Natural Resources, with an modernization of the energy policy of the Terms; Rule Governing Informal Dispute amendment and an amendment to the title: United States, and for other purposes (Rept. Settlement Procedures; and Guides for the S. 521. A bill to authorize the Secretary of No. 114–138). Advertising of Warranties and Guarantees’’ the Interior to conduct a special resource f (RIN3084–AB24; RIN3084–AB25; RIN3084–AB26) study of President Station in Baltimore, received during adjournment of the Senate Maryland, and for other purposes (Rept. No. INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND in the Office of the President of the Senate 114–126). JOINT RESOLUTIONS By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee on August 18, 2015; to the Committee on on Energy and Natural Resources, without The following bills and joint resolu- Commerce, Science, and Transportation. tions were introduced, read the first EC–2759. A communication from the Assist- amendment: S. 583. A bill to establish certain wilder- and second times by unanimous con- ant General Counsel, Office of the General ness areas in central Idaho and to authorize Counsel, Consumer Product Safety Commis- sent, and referred as indicated: various land conveyances involving National sion, transmitting, pursuant to law, the re- By Mr. BARRASSO (for himself and Forest System land and Bureau of Land port of a rule entitled ‘‘Substantial Product Mr. BROWN): Management land in central Idaho, and for Hazard List: Extension Cords’’ (CPSC Docket S. 2010. A bill to provide for phased-in pay- other purposes (Rept. No. 114–127). ment of Social Security Disability Insurance No. CPSC–2015–0003) received during adjourn- By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee payments during the waiting period for indi- ment of the Senate in the Office of the Presi- on Energy and Natural Resources, with viduals with a terminal illness; to the Com- dent of the Senate on August 18, 2015; to the amendments: Committee on Commerce, Science, and S. 593. A bill to require the Secretary of mittee on Finance. Transportation. the Interior to submit to Congress a report By Ms. MURKOWSKI: EC–2760. A communication from the Gen- on the efforts of the Bureau of Reclamation S. 2011. An original bill to provide for re- eral Attorney, Office of the General Counsel, to manage its infrastructure assets (Rept. forms of the administration of the Outer Consumer Product Safety Commission, No. 114–128). Continental Shelf of the United States, and transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee for other purposes; from the Committee on a rule entitled ‘‘Substantial Product Hazard on Energy and Natural Resources, without Energy and Natural Resources; placed on the List: Seasonal and Decorative Lighting amendment: calendar. Products’’ (CPSC Docket No. CPSC–2014– S. 610. A bill to authorize the Secretary of By Ms. MURKOWSKI: 0024) received during adjournment of the the Interior to conduct a special resource S. 2012. An original bill to provide for the Senate in the Office of the President of the study of P.S. 103 in West Baltimore, Mary- modernization of the energy policy of the Senate on August 18, 2015; to the Committee land and for other purposes (Rept. No. 114– United States, and for other purposes; from on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. 129). the Committee on Energy and Natural Re- EC–2761. A communication from the Trial By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee sources; placed on the calendar. Attorney, Federal Railroad Administration, on Energy and Natural Resources, with By Mrs. FEINSTEIN (for herself and Department of Transportation, transmitting, amendments: Mrs. BOXER):

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:01 Feb 25, 2016 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORD15\SEP 15\S09SE5.REC S09SE5 bjneal on DSK2TWX8P1PROD with CONG-REC-ONLINE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6533 S. 2013. A bill to authorize the Secretary of PER, Mr. CASSIDY, Mr. COATS, Mr. erans who served in the vicinity of the Veterans Affairs to enter into certain leases COCHRAN, Ms. COLLINS, Mr. COONS, Republic of Vietnam, and for other pur- at the Department of Veterans Affairs West Mr. CORKER, Mr. CORNYN, Mr. COT- poses. Los Angeles Campus in Los Angeles, Cali- TON, Mr. CRAPO, Mr. CRUZ, Mr. S. 705 fornia, and for other purposes; to the Com- DAINES, Mr. DONNELLY, Mr. DURBIN, mittee on Veterans’ Affairs. Mr. ENZI, Mrs. ERNST, Mrs. FEIN- At the request of Mr. COCHRAN, the By Ms. BALDWIN (for herself and Ms. STEIN, Mrs. FISCHER, Mr. FLAKE, Mr. name of the Senator from Maryland COLLINS): FRANKEN, Mr. GARDNER, Mrs. GILLI- (Ms. MIKULSKI) was added as a cospon- S. 2014. A bill to demonstrate a commit- BRAND, Mr. GRAHAM, Mr. GRASSLEY, sor of S. 705, a bill to amend section 213 ment to our Nation’s scientists by increasing Mr. HATCH, Mr. HEINRICH, Ms. of title 23, United States Code, relating opportunities for the development of our HEITKAMP, Mr. HELLER, Ms. HIRONO, to the Transportation Alternatives next generation of researchers; to the Com- Mr. HOEVEN, Mr. INHOFE, Mr. ISAK- mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and SON, Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. KAINE, Mr. Program. Pensions. KING, Mr. KIRK, Ms. KLOBUCHAR, Mr. S. 774 By Mr. ALEXANDER (for himself, Mr. LANKFORD, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. LEE, Mr. At the request of Mr. MORAN, the MCCONNELL, Mr. ISAKSON, Ms. MANCHIN, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. MCCAIN, name of the Senator from Missouri AYOTTE, Mr. BARRASSO, Mr. BLUNT, Mrs. MCCASKILL, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. (Mr. BLUNT) was added as a cosponsor Mr. BOOZMAN, Mr. BURR, Mr. COCH- MERKLEY, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. MORAN, of S. 774, a bill to amend the Federal RAN, Ms. COLLINS, Mr. CORNYN, Mr. Ms. MURKOWSKI, Mr. MURPHY, Mrs. COTTON, Mr. CRUZ, Mr. ENZI, Mr. MURRAY, Mr. NELSON, Mr. PAUL, Mr. Financial Institutions Examination FLAKE, Mr. GARDNER, Mr. HATCH, Mr. PERDUE, Mr. PETERS, Mr. PORTMAN, Council Act of 1978 to improve the ex- INHOFE, Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. KIRK, Mr. Mr. REED, Mr. RISCH, Mr. ROBERTS, amination of depository institutions, LANKFORD, Mr. MCCAIN, Mr. MORAN, Mr. ROUNDS, Mr. RUBIO, Mr. SANDERS, and for other purposes. Mr. PERDUE, Mr. ROBERTS, Mr. Mr. SASSE, Mr. SCHATZ, Mr. SCHUMER, S. 857 ROUNDS, Mr. RUBIO, Mr. SHELBY, Mr. Mr. SCOTT, Mr. SESSIONS, Mrs. SHA- At the request of Ms. STABENOW, the VITTER, Mr. WICKER, Mr. DAINES, Mr. HEEN, Mr. SHELBY, Ms. STABENOW, CASSIDY, Mr. TILLIS, Mr. LEE, Mr. Mr. SULLIVAN, Mr. TESTER, Mr. names of the Senator from Vermont PAUL, and Mr. SCOTT): THUNE, Mr. TILLIS, Mr. UDALL, Mr. (Mr. LEAHY), the Senator from Wash- S. 2015. A bill to clarify the treatment of VITTER, Mr. WARNER, Ms. WARREN, ington (Mrs. MURRAY) and the Senator two or more employers as joint employers Mr. WHITEHOUSE, Mr. WICKER, and from New York (Mr. SCHUMER) were under the National Labor Relations Act; to Mr. WYDEN): added as cosponsors of S. 857, a bill to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, S. Res. 250. A resolution relative to the amend title XVIII of the Social Secu- and Pensions. death of Richard Schultz Schweiker, former rity Act to provide for coverage under By Mr. KAINE: United States Senator for the Common- the Medicare program of an initial S. 2016. A bill to amend chapter 44 of title wealth of Pennsylvania; considered and 18, United States Code, to promote the re- agreed to. comprehensive care plan for Medicare beneficiaries newly diagnosed with Alz- sponsible transfer of firearms; to the Com- f mittee on the Judiciary. heimer’s disease and related demen- By Ms. MURKOWSKI: ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS tias, and for other purposes. S. 2017. A bill to amend the Alaska Native S. 298 S. 928 Claims Settlement Act to recognize Alex- At the request of Mrs. GILLIBRAND, ander Creek, Alaska, as a Native village, and At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the for other purposes; to the Committee on En- name of the Senator from Massachu- the name of the Senator from Mary- ergy and Natural Resources. setts (Ms. WARREN) was added as a co- land (Mr. CARDIN) was added as a co- By Ms. MURKOWSKI: sponsor of S. 298, a bill to amend titles sponsor of S. 928, a bill to reauthorize S. 2018. A bill to convey, without consider- XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act the World Trade Center Health Pro- ation, the reversionary interests of the to provide States with the option of gram and the September 11th Victim United States in and to certain non-Federal providing services to children with Compensation Fund of 2001, and for land in Glennallen, Alaska; to the Com- medically complex conditions under other purposes. mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. By Ms. KLOBUCHAR (for herself and the Medicaid program and Children’s S. 954 Mr. GRASSLEY): Health Insurance Program through a At the request of Mr. MANCHIN, the S. 2019. A bill to prohibit brand name drug care coordination program focused on name of the Senator from Missouri companies from compensating generic drug improving health outcomes for chil- (Mrs. MCCASKILL) was added as a co- companies to delay the entry of a generic dren with medically complex condi- sponsor of S. 954, a bill to establish pro- drug into the market; to the Committee on tions and lowering costs, and for other cedures regarding the approval of the Judiciary. purposes. opioid drugs by the Food and Drug Ad- By Ms. CANTWELL (for herself, Ms. S. 469 COLLINS, Mr. KAINE, and Mrs. GILLI- ministration. BRAND): At the request of Mrs. MURRAY, the S. 1020 S. 2020. A bill to establish a tax credit for name of the Senator from New York At the request of Mr. VITTER, the on-site apprenticeship programs, and for (Mr. SCHUMER) was added as a cospon- names of the Senator from Louisiana other purposes; to the Committee on Fi- sor of S. 469, a bill to improve the re- (Mr. CASSIDY) and the Senator from nance. productive assistance provided by the Mississippi (Mr. WICKER) were added as f Department of Defense and the Depart- cosponsors of S. 1020, a bill to amend ment of Veterans Affairs to severely SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND title XVIII of the Social Security Act wounded, ill, or injured members of the SENATE RESOLUTIONS to ensure the continued access of Medi- Armed Forces, veterans, and their care beneficiaries to diagnostic imag- The following concurrent resolutions spouses or partners, and for other pur- ing services, and for other purposes. and Senate resolutions were read, and poses. S. 1099 referred (or acted upon), as indicated: S. 498 At the request of Mr. SCOTT, the By Mr. CASEY (for himself and Mr. At the request of Mr. CORNYN, the names of the Senator from Louisiana TOOMEY): name of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. S. Res. 249. A resolution honoring the Red (Mr. VITTER), the Senator from Idaho PORTMAN) was added as a cosponsor of Land Little League Team of Lewisberry, (Mr. RISCH), the Senator from Kansas Pennsylvania for the performance of the S. 498, a bill to allow reciprocity for (Mr. MORAN), the Senator from North team in the 2015 Little League World Series; the carrying of certain concealed fire- Carolina (Mr. TILLIS), the Senator from to the Committee on the Judiciary. arms. Montana (Mr. DAINES), the Senator By Mr. CASEY (for himself, Mr. S. 681 from Arkansas (Mr. COTTON), the Sen- TOOMEY, Mr. MCCONNELL, Mr. REID, At the request of Mrs. GILLIBRAND, ator from Wisconsin (Mr. JOHNSON), the Mr. ALEXANDER, Ms. AYOTTE, Ms. the name of the Senator from Illinois Senator from Arkansas (Mr. BOOZMAN) BALDWIN, Mr. BARRASSO, Mr. BENNET, IRK Mr. BLUMENTHAL, Mr. BLUNT, Mr. (Mr. K ) was added as a cosponsor of and the Senator from Colorado (Mr. BOOKER, Mr. BOOZMAN, Mrs. BOXER, S. 681, a bill to amend title 38, United GARDNER) were added as cosponsors of Mr. BROWN, Mr. BURR, Ms. CANTWELL, States Code, to clarify presumptions S. 1099, a bill to amend the Patient Mrs. CAPITO, Mr. CARDIN, Mr. CAR- relating to the exposure of certain vet- Protection and Affordable Care Act to

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:36 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09SE6.011 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6534 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 provide States with flexibility in deter- tion opioid treatment and assistance to of S. 1659, a bill to amend the Voting mining the size of employers in the States in reducing opioid abuse, diver- Rights Act of 1965 to revise the criteria small group market. sion, and deaths. for determining which States and polit- S. 1121 S. 1458 ical subdivisions are subject to section At the request of Ms. AYOTTE, the At the request of Mr. COATS, the 4 of the Act, and for other purposes. name of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. names of the Senator from Wyoming S. 1680 BROWN) was added as a cosponsor of S. (Mr. ENZI) and the Senator from South At the request of Ms. CANTWELL, the 1121, a bill to amend the Horse Protec- Dakota (Mr. ROUNDS) were added as co- name of the Senator from Connecticut tion Act to designate additional unlaw- sponsors of S. 1458, a bill to amend the (Mr. BLUMENTHAL) was added as a co- ful acts under the Act, strengthen pen- Surface Mining Control and Reclama- sponsor of S. 1680, a bill to improve the alties for violations of the Act, im- tion Act of 1977 to ensure scientific condition and performance of the na- prove Department of Agriculture en- transparency in the development of en- tional multimodal freight network, and forcement of the Act, and for other vironmental regulations and for other for other purposes. purposes. purposes. S. 1709 S. 1140 S. 1466 At the request of Ms. WARREN, the At the request of Mr. BARRASSO, the At the request of Mr. KIRK, the name name of the Senator from Rhode Island name of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) was added as a co- KIRK) was added as a cosponsor of S. PORTMAN) was added as a cosponsor of sponsor of S. 1709, a bill to reduce risks 1140, a bill to require the Secretary of S. 1466, a bill to amend title XVIII of to the financial system by limiting the Army and the Administrator of the the Social Security Act to modify pay- banks’ ability to engage in certain Environmental Protection Agency to ment under the Medicare program for risky activities and limiting conflicts propose a regulation revising the defi- outpatient department procedures that of interest, to reinstate certain Glass- nition of the term ‘‘waters of the utilize drugs as supplies, and for other Steagall Act protections that were re- United States’’, and for other purposes. purposes. pealed by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley S. 1170 S. 1495 Act, and for other purposes. S. 1714 At the request of Mrs. FEINSTEIN, the At the request of Mr. TOOMEY, the name of the Senator from Pennsyl- name of the Senator from South Caro- At the request of Mr. MANCHIN, the vania (Mr. TOOMEY) was added as a co- lina (Mr. SCOTT) was added as a cospon- name of the Senator from South Da- sponsor of S. 1170, a bill to amend title sor of S. 1495, a bill to curtail the use kota (Mr. ROUNDS) was added as a co- 39, United States Code, to extend the of changes in mandatory programs af- sponsor of S. 1714, a bill to amend the authority of the United States Postal fecting the Crime Victims Fund to in- Surface Mining Control and Reclama- Service to issue a semipostal to raise flate spending. tion Act of 1977 to transfer certain funds to the Multiemployer Health funds for breast cancer research, and S. 1503 Benefit Plan and the 1974 United Mine for other purposes. At the request of Mr. BLUMENTHAL, Workers of America Pension Plan, and S. 1212 the names of the Senator from Maine for other purposes. At the request of Mr. CARDIN, the (Ms. COLLINS), the Senator from S. 1755 name of the Senator from Washington Vermont (Mr. LEAHY) and the Senator At the request of Mr. SCHATZ, the (Ms. CANTWELL) was added as a cospon- from New Hampshire (Mrs. SHAHEEN) name of the Senator from Maine (Mr. sor of S. 1212, a bill to amend the Inter- were added as cosponsors of S. 1503, a KING) was added as a cosponsor of S. nal Revenue Code of 1986 and the Small bill to provide for enhanced Federal ef- 1755, a bill to amend the Internal Rev- Business Act to expand the availability forts concerning the prevention, edu- enue Code of 1986 to provide for a 5- of employee stock ownership plans in S cation, treatment, and research activi- year extension of the tax credit for res- corporations, and for other purposes. ties related to Lyme disease and other idential energy efficient property. S. 1302 tick-borne diseases, including the es- S. 1775 At the request of Mr. TESTER, the tablishment of a Tick-Borne Diseases Advisory Committee. At the request of Mr. MURPHY, the name of the Senator from Maryland name of the Senator from Hawaii (Ms. (Ms. MIKULSKI) was added as a cospon- S. 1539 HIRONO) was added as a cosponsor of S. sor of S. 1302, a bill to amend the Fam- At the request of Mrs. MURRAY, the 1775, a bill to direct the Secretary of ily and Medical Leave Act of 1993 to name of the Senator from Connecticut Homeland Security to accept addi- provide leave because of the death of a (Mr. MURPHY) was added as a cosponsor tional documentation when considering son or daughter. of S. 1539, a bill to amend the Richard the application for veterans status of S. 1383 B. Russell National School Lunch Act an individual who performed service as At the request of Mr. PERDUE, the to establish a permanent, nationwide a coastwise merchant seaman during name of the Senator from Pennsyl- summer electronic benefits transfer for World War II, and for other purposes. children program. vania (Mr. TOOMEY) was added as a co- S. 1814 sponsor of S. 1383, a bill to amend the S. 1562 At the request of Mr. VITTER, the Consumer Financial Protection Act of At the request of Mr. WYDEN, the name of the Senator from Pennsyl- 2010 to subject the Bureau of Consumer name of the Senator from Michigan vania (Mr. TOOMEY) was added as a co- Financial Protection to the regular ap- (Ms. STABENOW) was added as a cospon- sponsor of S. 1814, a bill to withhold propriations process, and for other pur- sor of S. 1562, a bill to amend the Inter- certain Federal funding from sanctuary poses. nal Revenue Code of 1986 to reform tax- cities. S. 1387 ation of alcoholic beverages. S. 1830 At the request of Mr. BROWN, the S. 1603 At the request of Mr. BARRASSO, the name of the Senator from New York At the request of Mr. FLAKE, the name of the Senator from Montana (Mrs. GILLIBRAND) was added as a co- names of the Senator from North Caro- (Mr. TESTER) was added as a cosponsor sponsor of S. 1387, a bill to amend title lina (Mr. BURR) and the Senator from of S. 1830, a bill to amend title XVIII of XVI of the Social Security Act to up- Connecticut (Mr. BLUMENTHAL) were the Social Security Act to provide for date eligibility for the supplemental added as cosponsors of S. 1603, a bill to the coverage of marriage and family security income program, and for other actively recruit members of the Armed therapist services and mental health purposes. Forces who are separating from mili- counselor services under part B of the S. 1431 tary service to serve as Customs and Medicare program, and for other pur- At the request of Mr. MANCHIN, the Border Protection Officers. poses. name of the Senator from Missouri S. 1659 S. 1883 (Mrs. MCCASKILL) was added as a co- At the request of Mr. LEAHY, the At the request of Mr. REED, the sponsor of S. 1431, a bill to provide for name of the Senator from Alaska (Ms. names of the Senator from Rhode Is- increased Federal oversight of prescrip- MURKOWSKI) was added as a cosponsor land (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) and the Senator

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:38 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09SE6.012 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6535 from New Hampshire (Mrs. SHAHEEN) ator from Michigan (Ms. STABENOW), property on the campus, such as the were added as cosponsors of S. 1883, a the Senator from West Virginia (Mrs. University of California—Los Angeles. bill to maximize discovery, and accel- CAPITO) and the Senator from Iowa I would like to make you aware of erate development and availability, of (Mrs. ERNST) were added as cosponsors the long history of the West Los Ange- promising childhood cancer treat- of S. Res. 242, a resolution celebrating les VA campus. This campus is approxi- ments, and for other purposes. 25 years of success from the Office of mately 400 acres and is located at the S. 1926 Research on Women’s Health at the intersection of Wilshire Boulevard and At the request of Ms. MIKULSKI, the National Institutes of Health. Interstate 405. The land was deeded to names of the Senator from Maryland f the Federal government by former Sen- (Mr. CARDIN) and the Senator from ator John P. Jones, for use exclusively STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED as a ‘‘soldier’s home.’’ The beautiful North Dakota (Ms. HEITKAMP) were BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS added as cosponsors of S. 1926, a bill to campus has numerous historic build- ensure access to screening mammog- By Mrs. FEINSTEIN (for herself ings, including a church. raphy services. and Mrs. BOXER): In 2007, I included language in an ap- S. 2013. A bill to authorize the Sec- propriations bill to prohibit the ability S. 1937 retary of Veterans Affairs to enter into of the Department of Veterans Affairs At the request of Mr. UDALL, the certain leases at the Department of to lease or sale any property on the name of the Senator from Montana Veterans Affairs West Los Angeles West Los Angeles Campus, due to re- (Mr. TESTER) was added as a cosponsor Campus in Los Angeles, California, and ports of mismanagement and inappro- of S. 1937, a bill to amend the Richard for other purposes; to the Committee priate leasing of VA property to com- B. Russell National School Lunch Act on Veterans’ Affairs. mercial entities. In several cases, these and the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 to Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I commercial entities had nothing to do improve nutrition in tribal areas, and rise today to introduce legislation to with serving veterans. for other purposes. facilitate additional housing and serv- After the ban was signed into law, S. 1965 ices for Southern California’s veterans. questionable practices continued At the request of Mr. BOOKER, the It would allow the Department of Vet- through land-sharing agreements. This names of the Senator from Pennsyl- erans Affairs to leverage the resources led to the American Civil Liberties vania (Mr. CASEY) and the Senator of local governments and non-profits to Union, ACLU, of Southern California from Oklahoma (Mr. LANKFORD) were build supportive housing for veterans filing a lawsuit against the department added as cosponsors of S. 1965, a bill to at the West Los Angeles VA Medical in 2011 over its mismanagement of the place restrictions on the use of solitary Center Campus. My colleague Senator campus. confinement for juveniles in Federal BARBARA BOXER is a cosponsor of this In a large part due to our new Sec- custody. bill. Congressman TED LIEU is intro- retary of Veterans Affairs, Robert A. S. 1977 ducing companion legislation in the McDonald, the department reached a At the request of Mrs. BOXER, the House of Representatives. settlement with the ACLU earlier this name of the Senator from Connecticut The Department of Veterans Affairs, year to return the campus to its origi- (Mr. BLUMENTHAL) was added as a co- Mayor of Los Angeles and Los Angeles nal purpose to serve veterans. The sponsor of S. 1977, a bill to provide fam- County Board of Supervisors all sup- ACLU and the department are working ily members and close associates of an port this legislation. to create a new Master Plan for the individual who they fear is a danger to Los Angeles has the largest con- campus that includes community himself, herself, or others new tools to centration of homeless veterans in the input, which I expect will include a prevent gun violence. United States, currently estimated to focus on ending veteran homelessness S. 1992 be 4,300. These are brave men and in Los Angeles. My legislation will pro- At the request of Mr. ROUNDS, the women who served our nation with vide the department with the tools it name of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. honor, and I believe it is our duty to needs to get veterans off the streets ROBERTS) was added as a cosponsor of ensure they have access to housing and and ensure the West Los Angeles cam- S. 1992, a bill to amend chapter 44 of the clinical services of the Greater Los pus truly serves the veterans of Los title 18, United States Code, to provide Angeles VA Health System. Angeles. that a member of the Armed Forces This legislation would provide two This legislation contains important and the spouse of that member shall authorities to the department. First, it oversight provisions to ensure the have the same rights regarding the re- would allow the West Los Angeles VA management mistakes of the past are ceipt of firearms at the location of any to use enhanced-use leases to engage in not repeated. duty station of the member. public-private partnerships to provide First, it maintains a restriction put supportive housing for veterans. En- in place in 2007 that prohibits any part S. RES. 143 hanced-use leases allow the depart- of the West Los Angeles campus from At the request of Mr. SCHATZ, the ment to leverage private or local fund- being sold, transferred, or otherwise name of the Senator from Oregon (Mr. ing and partners to construct new disposed of. WYDEN) was added as a cosponsor of S. housing on the campus. For example, Second, it requires the VA to report Res. 143, a resolution supporting efforts California passed a bond measure in to Congress 45 days before entering to ensure that students have access to 2014 that provides $600 million in fund- into any lease, and to provide an an- debt-free higher education. ing for the construction of supportive nual evaluation of all land-use and S. RES. 217 veteran housing. I want to note that leases on the campus. At the request of Mr. BLUMENTHAL, this enhanced-use leasing authority is Third, it requires regular audits by the name of the Senator from Delaware the same authority that the depart- the Office of the Inspector General, (Mr. COONS) was added as a cosponsor ment has for every other VA campus in OIG, and restricts the VA from enter- of S. Res. 217, a resolution designating the nation. ing into any new leases if the OIG finds October 8, 2015, as ‘‘National Hydrogen Second, my bill would allow the West any violation of Federal law or policy, and Fuel Cell Day’’. Los Angeles campus to enter into out- or gross mismanagement of the cam- S. RES. 242 leases to provide critical services to pus. The VA would have to certify to At the request of Ms. MIKULSKI, the veterans housed on the campus, rang- Congress that it addressed any issues names of the Senator from Washington ing from education to recreation. Serv- found by the OIG before entering into (Ms. CANTWELL), the Senator from Ne- ices must be provided to create a new leases on the campus. braska (Mrs. FISCHER), the Senator healthy and sustainable community for Finally, the legislation requires all from New Hampshire (Mrs. SHAHEEN), veterans. Veterans housed on the cam- land-use, including leases, to be con- the Senator from Massachusetts (Ms. pus will need access to mental health sistent with the new Master Plan that WARREN), the Senator from New York care options, job training, and physical is agreed upon for the campus. It also (Mrs. GILLIBRAND), the Senator from recreation. These services can be pro- requires all leases to principally ben- Missouri (Mrs. MCCASKILL), the Sen- vided by community partners leasing efit veterans.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:38 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09SE6.013 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6536 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 I believe these oversight provisions enza epidemics in the early 1900s ment in December 1979, where the vil- will ensure that the historic mis- caused by the influx of the non-Native lage dropped its claim to be a village in management of the West Los Angeles population into upper Cook Inlet—the exchange for receiving ‘‘group’’ status campus will not recur. village being literally decimated by the under the ANCSA, and also in return Let me conclude by saying that Con- 1918 epidemic—by 1939 the village had for being guaranteed 7,680 acres of land, gress must meet its responsibility to been reoccupied by Native families. some of which was to come from the care for the veterans who have fought When the Alaska Native Claims Settle- State of Alaska and or the borough. for our Nation’s freedom and security. ment Act passed in December 1971, While the State did provide the village It would be a shame to leave private re- there were 37 residents of the village, with 1,686 acres, no borough or Federal sources untapped in a city where 4,300 12 more than the 25 needed to be enti- land was conveyed to complete the veterans are currently homeless. I hope tled to form a village corporation 7,680-acre ‘‘group’’ agreement reached all of my colleagues will support enact- under the act and to be entitled to re- in 1979 until just recently. ing this legislation as quickly as pos- ceive 69,120 acres around the core town- It wasn’t until the next generation of sible. ships of the village. Native leaders arrived in the village The Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1971 that they realized that Alexander By Ms. MURKOWSKI: made that determination. But the vil- Creek never received the lands it S. 2017. A bill to amend the Alaska lage had the misfortunate of being lo- should have received. Native Claims Settlement Act to rec- cated in a prime salmon fishing area Over the past decade residents of the ognize Alexander Creek, Alaska, as a that was sought by the State of Alaska village have been seeking to have the Native village, and for other purposes; at the time of statehood in 1959 and original court of appeals decision af- to the Committee on Energy and Nat- that was later conveyed by the State firmed and implemented. Over the ural Resources. to the then new Matanuska-Susitna years they have been gaining support Ms. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, Borough at the time of its creation in for their efforts. First, BIA Alaska Re- today I introduce legislation, already the early 1960s. Thus there was opposi- gion Field Representative Charles F. pending in the House of Representa- tion to Alexander Creek being allowed Bunch concluded after ‘‘a thorough as- tives, where it was first introduced in to claim its lands. The State, in fact, sessment’’ that the BIA’s original de- 2009, 2011, and 2013 by Alaska Congress- protested its eligibility for land under termination was correct and that Alex- man DON YOUNG to finally settle a ANCSA. A hearing was held before an ander Creek ‘‘met the requirement’’ for long-standing injustice to the Native administrative law judge on July 11, village eligibility and that the land residents of Alexander Creek, a Native 1974, but oddly the hearing was not conveyances should have been imple- village built along the creek that runs widely noticed and a number of village mented. Recently the Alexander Creek into the Susitna River near its en- residents were specifically not told of village leaders have received support trance to Cook Inlet, north of Anchor- the hearing, so they were not in at- from the Alaska Federation of Natives, age and southwest of Wasilla, AK. tendance. When the appeals board re- Cook Inlet Region, Inc., CIRI, the The story of Alexander Creek’s Alas- leased its decision on November 1, 1974, State of Alaska and the Matanuska- ka Natives is a sad story, in that it is the board ruled that the village only Susitna Borough, all agreeing that the a story of Natives whose village hap- contained 22 residents—3 short of the village should receive its full lands pened to be located at the site of one of required number for creation—simply promised under ANCSA—plus from a the State’s prime salmon fishing loca- because 5 other families and their chil- host of other groups. tions, a site that may have prompted dren had not appeared at or testified at So this legislation will reinstate efforts by some to deliberately prevent the hearing. Alexander Creek’s eligibility, over- the village from rightfully gaining the The board’s decision was appealed to riding the 1979 ‘‘group’’ agreement, lands it was entitled to receive under U.S. district court that reversed the reached under section 1432(d) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement appeals board’s decision on November ANCSA, and giving the village the Act, ANCSA, passed by this Congress in 14, 1975, ordering the reinstatement of right to negotiate a fair settlement 1971. Alexander Creek’s ANCSA eligibility. with the Interior Department. Under It is especially sad since the villagers While that decision was appealed by the act the Secretary is free, at his sole succeeded in the Federal courts in win- the State of Alaska, the lower court discretion, to propose what assets are ning confirmation of their status as a decision was upheld by the DC Circuit to be provided Alexander Creek to cap- village under ANCSA nearly four dec- Court of Appeals on August 29, 1976, italize the corporation, not setting any ades ago but because of decades of mis- which ordered that the case be re- predetermined amount of land, cash, takes and misunderstandings, still manded back to the Secretary of the surplus Federal property or other as- have received only about 10 percent of Interior for further proceedings. But sistance. The bill does hold the re- the land village residents are entitled since all of the land around Alexander gional corporation for the area, Cook to receive. Creek had already been conveyed to Inlet Region, Inc. harmless from any The legislation I am introducing the State and to the Mat-Su Borough, impacts of the village corporation’s today would give the Secretary of the the village was required to join other creation. Interior the authority to enter into ne- Cook Inlet region villages in selecting The Alexander Creek case represents gotiations to settle aboriginal land ‘‘deficiency lands’’ near Lake Clark to a sad chapter in the story of the settle- claims with Alexander Creek, after the southwest of the region. But the ment of Native aboriginal land claims conferring village instead of group sta- creation of the Lake Clark National in Alaska. It is a story of Native land tus on the community. It gives the Monument in 1978, prior to passage of owners being actively discouraged from Secretary wide latitude to find a just, the Alaska National Interest Lands selecting their traditional lands, of environmentally acceptable, and eco- Conservation Act in 1980, further com- being deliberatively misinformed about nomically reasonable means to bring plicated the land selection issue for the land selection processes so they would Alexander Creek to ‘‘approximate par- village. not qualify for their lands, of being ity’’ to the other more than 210 villages Alexander Creek villagers, who could pressured to accept inferior com- that were established by the 1971 law not afford independent legal counsel promises so they would gain less land, that settled all aboriginal lands claims following the 1976 district court and and of then being ignored for far too in Alaska. court of appeals rulings, did not imme- long when it came time to consummate Alexander Creek, whose Native name diately pursue their claims to full vil- the inferior deal they were encouraged is Tuqentnu, traditionally was a lage status and apparently did not un- to accept. It clearly is time this Con- healthy Native village with abundant derstand the complexities of the Lake gress rewrites that chapter and allows resources, whose residents lived off fish Clark land conveyance decisions. it to have a happier ending. traps located near the mouth of the Somehow, they instead were convinced Susitna River year round. While its to sign an agreement with Cook Inlet By Ms. MURKOWSKI: population suffered as a result of Region, Inc., the regional corporation S. 2018. A bill to convey, without con- whooping cough, measles, and influ- for the area, and the Interior Depart- sideration, the reversionary interests

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:38 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.025 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6537 of the United States in and to certain an educational institution. For more versatile and dynamic team from Pearland, non-Federal land in Glennallen, Alas- than 40 years the property was used by Texas with a walk-off hit in the bottom of ka; to the Committee on Energy and Alaska Bible College, the college only the sixth inning to win 3-2; Natural Resources. Whereas on Sunday, August 30, 2015, the moving into a more urban part of Alas- Red Land Little League team competed Ms. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, ka when student levels proved insuffi- against the Kitasuna Little League team today I introduce legislation to aid an cient to support the school. Clearly it from Tokyo, Japan in the 69th Annual Little Alaska higher educational institution makes no sense for the reversionary League World Series championship and set obtain title to property it no longer clause to remain in effect in perpetuity the record for the most runs scored in the needs, and that the Federal Govern- when land use patterns have changed. first inning with 10 runs; ment clearly no longer wants. I rise to Third, the Federal Government does Whereas the Red Land Little League is the introduce legislation to clear the title not need the land for any federal pur- first York County team to win a national to a 210-acre parcel in Glennallen, AK, Little League championship and the first pose. The land, not located in an urban team from Pennsylvania to win the national so that the land can be put to more setting in the small town of Little League championship since 1990; productive uses in the future. Glennallen, population, 491, is not suit- Whereas the Red Land Little League team Back in 1926 the Central Alaska Mis- ed for a park. The land is not needed is comprised of: Camden Walter, Braden sion began operations in Glennallen. In for any Federal facility given its loca- Kolmansberger, Dylan Rodenhaber, Adam 1954 it received a Federal land grant tion in sparsely populated east central Cramer, Jaden Henline, Chayton Krauss, from Congress, modified in 1959, and re- Alaska. Being inside the Glennallen Kaden Peifer, Cole Wagner, Zack Sooy, Jake ceived 210 acres in ‘‘downtown’’ city limits, the land can not be allowed Cubbler, Jarrett Wisman, Bailey Wirt, and Ethan Phillips; Glennallen—the current site of the hos- to revert to a natural vegetative state pital and radio station and former site Whereas the Red Land Little League team under the town’s ordinances. It simply is managed by Tom Peifer and coached by of the Alaska Bible College. In 1961 it makes good sense for the land to be J.K. Kolmansberger and Bret Wagner, among actually opened the Bible College on 80 sold for economic purposes so it can others; and acres of the tract, the site apparently generate more revenues for the town’s Whereas the Red Land Little League team having about 64 separate buildings tax rolls. Given the real estate market has brought tremendous excitement, pride, erected on it. The 1959 land grant, like in Glennallen, the Federal Government and honor to the city of Lewisberry, the many in first the Territory of Alaska will lose far more money than it will county of York, the Commonwealth of Penn- and later the State of Alaska, had a sylvania, and the United States: Now, there- make if it has to tear down the un- fore, be it clause that should the property no wanted buildings in order to sell the Resolved, That the Senate— longer be used for religious/public pur- property, or maintain them until an- (1) congratulates and honors the Red Land poses that it would revert to the fed- other purpose for the structures can be Little League team and its loyal fans, affec- eral government. The Bible College, be- found, at the current appraised tax val- tionately known as the ‘‘Red Sea’’, on the cause of a lack of students in ues of the properties. performance of the team at the 69th Little Glennallen, moved into the In each case, reversion of the lands to League World Series championship; (2) recognizes and commends the hard Matanuska-Susitna Borough, to Palm- the Federal Government would result er, AK, last decade. Now it wishes to be work, dedication, determination, and com- in Federal ownership of tracts mitment to excellence of the members, par- able to sell the property to be rid of the unneeded for Federal purposes, but ents, families, coaches, and managers of the maintenance costs on the facilities. lands that would produce greater con- team; and The problem is that there apparently veyance and management costs to the (3) recognizes and commends the people of are no non-profits or few businesses in Federal treasury than are likely to be Lewisberry, Pennsylvania and the sur- Glennallen that can afford to pay the recovered through fair market sales. rounding area for their outstanding loyalty, officially appraised value for the prop- There is just no public policy purpose support, and countless hours of volunteerism erties. The parent of the Bible College for the Red Land Little League team in the 21st century not to permit these throughout the season. 3 years ago asked the Federal Bureau very limited Federal reversion of Land Management, BLM, adminis- extinguishments, especially since the f tratively to start a process where it land did meet the purpose of the rever- SENATE RESOLUTION 250—REL- would decide the value of the prop- sionary clause for more than four dec- ATIVE TO THE DEATH OF RICH- erties and what it would have to pay ades. ARD SCHULTZ SCHWEIKER, the government to buy out the value of Passage of this act would cost the FORMER UNITED STATES SEN- the ‘‘reversionary clause’’ so it could Federal Government nothing, but ATOR FOR THE COMMONWEALTH obtain clear title to sell the properties would aid the citizens of Glennallen by OF PENNSYLVANIA for whatever amount it could get. That allowing the lands to be put to a better Mr. CASEY (for himself, Mr. TOOMEY, appraisal was conducted mutually and use, hopefully adding to the city’s Mr. MCCONNELL, Mr. REID of Nevada, came back late last year that the 210- economy and perhaps increasing its fu- Mr. ALEXANDER, Ms. AYOTTE, Ms. acres, minus a sewage lagoon on the ture tax revenues. I hope this bill will BALDWIN, Mr. BARRASSO, Mr. BENNET, property that has no sales value, is be able to advance and become law Mr. BLUMENTHAL, Mr. BLUNT, Mr. worth $210,000. The college says the col- within the 114th Congress. BOOKER, Mr. BOOZMAN, Mrs. BOXER, Mr. lege can’t afford that amount to buy f BROWN, Mr. BURR, Ms. CANTWELL, Mrs. out the value of the reversionary CAPITO, Mr. CARDIN, Mr. CARPER, Mr. SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS clause—because regardless of the ap- CASSIDY, Mr. COATS, Mr. COCHRAN, Ms. praisal, there is no entity in COLLINS, Mr. COONS, Mr. CORKER, Mr. Glennallen that can afford to pay any- SENATE RESOLUTION 249—HON- CORNYN, Mr. COTTON, Mr. CRAPO, Mr. where near that amount for the prop- CRUZ, Mr. DAINES, Mr. DONNELLY, Mr. ORING THE RED LAND LITTLE erties given the level of economic ac- DURBIN, Mr. ENZI, Mrs. ERNST, Mrs. LEAGUE TEAM OF LEWISBERRY, tivity at present in the upper Copper FEINSTEIN, Mrs. FISCHER, Mr. FLAKE, PENNSYLVANIA FOR THE PER- River Valley in Alaska. Mr. FRANKEN, Mr. GARDNER, Mrs. FORMANCE OF THE TEAM IN The college is arguing, correctly, GILLIBRAND, Mr. GRAHAM, Mr. GRASS- THE 2015 LITTLE LEAGUE WORLD that the Federal Government is wrong LEY, Mr. HATCH, Mr. HEINRICH, Ms. SERIES in setting the value of the reversionary HEITKAMP, Mr. HELLER, Ms. HIRONO, clause as the full appraised value of the Mr. CASEY (for himself and Mr. Mr. HOEVEN, Mr. INHOFE, Mr. ISAKSON, property for tax purposes. If willing TOOMEY) submitted the following reso- Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. KAINE, Mr. KING, Mr. sellers can’t be found who can afford to lution; which was referred to the Com- KIRK, Ms. KLOBUCHAR, Mr. LANKFORD, pay the ‘‘appraised’’ value of the prop- mittee on the Judiciary: Mr. LEAHY, Mr. LEE, Mr. MANCHIN, Mr. erty, then obviously the appraisal proc- S. RES. 249 MARKEY, Mr. MCCAIN, Mrs. MCCASKILL, ess is faulty. Secondly, the college is Whereas on Saturday, August 29, 2015, the Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. MERKLEY, Ms. MI- arguing that it has fully met the goal Red Land Little League team won the KULSKI, Mr. MORAN, Ms. MURKOWSKI, of Congress in 1959 that the land be United States championship at the Little Mr. MURPHY, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. NEL- used for the public purpose of operating League Baseball World Series, defeating a SON, Mr. PAUL, Mr. PERDUE, Mr.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:38 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00061 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09SE6.014 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6538 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 PETERS, Mr. PORTMAN, Mr. REED of Strike all after the enacting clause and in- tors, and Coast Guard Competencies that are Rhode Island, Mr. RISCH, Mr. ROBERTS, sert the following: transferable to the requirements, qualifica- Mr. ROUNDS, Mr. RUBIO, Mr. SANDERS, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. tions, and duties assigned to Customs and Border Protection Officers of available hir- Mr. SASSE, Mr. SCHATZ, Mr. SCHUMER, This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Border Jobs for Veterans Act of 2015’’. ing opportunities to become Customs and Mr. SCOTT, Mr. SESSIONS, Mrs. SHA- Border Protection Officers; SEC. 2. FINDINGS. HEEN, Mr. SHELBY, Ms. STABENOW, Mr. (5) require the Secretary of Homeland Se- Congress finds the following: SULLIVAN, Mr. TESTER, Mr. THUNE, Mr. curity and the Secretary of Defense to work (1) Customs and Border Protection Officers cooperatively to identify shared activities TILLIS, Mr. UDALL, Mr. VITTER, Mr. at United States ports of entry carry out and opportunities for reciprocity related to WARNER, Ms. WARREN, Mr. WHITE- critical law enforcement duties associated steps in hiring U.S. Customs and Border Pa- HOUSE, Mr. WICKER, and Mr. WYDEN) with screening foreign visitors, returning trol officers with the goal of minimizing the submitted the following resolution; United States citizens, and imported cargo time required to hire qualified applicants; entering the United States. which was considered and agreed to: (6) require the Secretary of Defense and (2) It is in the national interest for United S. RES. 250 the Secretary of Homeland Security to work States ports of entry to be adequately Whereas Richard Schultz Schweiker served cooperatively to ensure the streamlined staffed with Customs and Border Protection in the United States Navy during World War interagency transfer of relevant background Officers in a timely fashion, including meet- II from 1944 to 1946; investigations and security clearances; and ing the congressionally funded staffing tar- Whereas Richard Schultz Schweiker faith- (7) include such other elements as may be get of 23,775 officers for fiscal year 2015. fully served the people of Pennsylvania with necessary to ensure that members of the (3) An estimated 250,000 to 300,000 members distinction in the United States Congress; Armed Forces who are separating from mili- of the Armed Forces separate from military Whereas Richard Schultz Schweiker was tary service are aware of opportunities to fill service every year. elected to the United States House of Rep- vacant Customs and Border Protection Offi- (4) Recruiting efforts and expedited hiring resentatives in 1960 and served 4 terms as a cer positions. procedures must be enhanced to ensure that Representative from the Commonwealth of SEC. 5. REPORT TO CONGRESS. qualified individuals separating from mili- Pennsylvania; (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days tary service are aware of, and partake in, op- Whereas as a Representative, Richard after the date of the enactment of this Act, portunities to fill vacant Customs and Bor- Schultz Schweiker served on— and not later than December 31 of each of der Protection Officer positions. (1) the Committee on Armed Services of the 3 successive years, the Secretary of the House of Representatives; and SEC. 3. EXPEDITED HIRING OF APPROPRIATE Homeland Security and the Secretary of De- SEPARATING SERVICE MEMBERS. (2) the Committee on Government Oper- fense shall jointly submit a report to the ap- (a) IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSFERABLE ations of the House of Representatives; propriate congressional committees that in- QUALIFICATIONS.—Not later than 60 days Whereas Richard Schultz Schweiker was cludes a description and assessment of the after the date of the enactment of this Act, elected to the United States Senate in 1968 efforts of the Department of Homeland Secu- the Secretary of Homeland Security, in con- and served 2 terms as a Senator from the rity to hire separating service members as junction with the Secretary of Defense, shall Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; Customs and Border Protection Officers. identify Military Occupational Specialty Whereas as a Senator, Richard Schultz (b) CONTENT.—The report required under Codes and Officer Branches, Air Force Spe- Schweiker served on— subsection (a) shall include— cialty Codes, Naval Enlisted Classifications (1) the Committee on Labor and Human (1) a detailed description of the proposed and Officer Designators, and Coast Guard Resources of the Senate; efforts under section 4, including— Competencies that are transferable to the re- (2) the Subcommittee on Labor, Health, (A) elements of the enhanced recruiting ef- quirements, qualifications, and duties as- and Human Services of the Committee on forts; signed to Customs and Border Protection Of- Appropriations of the Senate; and (B) goals associated with those elements; ficers. (3) the Select Committee to Study Govern- and (b) HIRING.—The Secretary of Homeland mental Operations with Respect to Intel- (C) a description of how the elements and Security shall consider hiring qualified can- ligence Activities of the Senate; and goals will assist in meeting statutorily man- didates with the Military Occupational Spe- Whereas Richard Schultz Schweiker was dated staffing levels and agency hiring cialty Codes, Air Force Specialty Codes, appointed as the Secretary of Health and benchmarks; Naval Enlisted Classifications and Officer Human Services by President Ronald Wilson (2) a detailed description of the efforts that Designators, and Coast Guard Competencies Reagan in 1981 and served as Secretary of have been undertaken under section 4; identified as transferable under subsection Health and Human Services until 1983: Now, (3) the number of separating service mem- (a) who are eligible for veterans recruitment therefore, be it bers made aware of Customs and Border Pro- appointment authorized under section 4214 of Resolved, That the Senate has heard with tection Officer vacancies; title 38, United States Code. profound sorrow and deep regret the an- (4) the Military Occupational Specialty nouncement of the death of the Honorable SEC. 4. ENHANCEMENTS TO EXISTING PROGRAMS Codes and Officer Branches, Air Force Spe- Richard Schultz Schweiker, former member TO RECRUIT SERVICE MEMBERS cialty Codes, Naval Enlisted Classifications SEPARATING FROM MILITARY SERV- of the United States Senate. and Officer Designators, and Coast Guard ICE FOR CUSTOMS AND BORDER Competencies identified as transferable Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate PROTECTION OFFICER VACANCIES. communicate these resolutions to the House under section 3(a) and a rationale for such (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Home- identifications; of Representatives and transmit an enrolled land Security, in conjunction with the Sec- copy thereof to the family of the deceased. (5) the number of Customs and Border Pro- retary of Defense, and acting through exist- tection Officer vacancies filled with sepa- Resolved, That when the Senate adjourns ing programs, authorities, and agreements, today, the Senate stand adjourned as a fur- rating service members; and where applicable, shall enhance the efforts of (6) the number of Customs and Border Pro- ther mark of respect to the memory of the the Department of Homeland Security to re- Honorable Richard Schultz Schweiker. tection Officer vacancies filled with sepa- cruit members of the Armed Forces who are rating service members under veterans re- f separating from military service to serve as cruitment appointment authorized under Customs and Border Protection Officers. section 4214 of title 38, United States Code. AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED AND LEMENTS (b) E .—The enhanced recruiting SEC. 6. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. PROPOSED efforts under subsection (a) shall— Nothing in this Act may be construed— (1) include Customs and Border Protection SA 2648. Mrs. FISCHER (for Mr. JOHNSON) (a) to supersede, alter, or amend existing Officer opportunities in relevant job assist- proposed an amendment to the bill S. 1603, to Federal veterans’ hiring preferences or Fed- ance efforts under the Transition Assistance actively recruit members of the Armed eral hiring authorities; or Program; Forces who are separating from military (b) to authorize the appropriation of addi- (2) place U.S. Customs and Border Protec- tional amounts to carry out this Act. service to serve as Customs and Border Pro- tion officials or other relevant Department tection Officers. f of Homeland Security officials at recruiting f events and jobs fairs involving members of PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR the Armed Forces who are separating from TEXT OF AMENDMENTS Mrs. SHAHEEN. Mr. President, I ask military service; unanimous consent that Andrew Mac- SA 2648. Mrs. FISCHER (for Mr. (3) provide opportunities for local U.S. Cus- toms and Border Protection field offices to Donald, a State Department fellow in JOHNSON) proposed an amendment to my office, be granted floor privileges the bill S. 1603, to actively recruit partner with military bases in the region; (4) include outreach efforts to educate for the remainder of this session. members of the Armed Forces who are members of the Armed Forces with Military The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without separating from military service to Occupational Specialty Codes and Officer objection, it is so ordered. serve as Customs and Border Protec- Branches, Air Force Specialty Codes, Naval Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, I ask tion Officers; as follows: Enlisted Classifications and Officer Designa- unanimous consent for Michael

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:36 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00062 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09SE6.019 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6539 Pascual, a fellow in my office, to be (1) Customs and Border Protection Officers at eratively to ensure the streamlined interagency granted floor privileges during today’s United States ports of entry carry out critical transfer of relevant background investigations session. law enforcement duties associated with screen- and security clearances; and ing foreign visitors, returning United States citi- (7) include such other elements as may be nec- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without zens, and imported cargo entering the United essary to ensure that members of the Armed objection, it is so ordered. States. Forces who are separating from military service f (2) It is in the national interest for United are aware of opportunities to fill vacant Cus- States ports of entry to be adequately staffed toms and Border Protection Officer positions. SPECIAL NEEDS TRUST FAIRNESS with Customs and Border Protection Officers in SEC. 5. REPORT TO CONGRESS. ACT OF 2015 a timely fashion, including meeting the congres- (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days Mrs. FISCHER. Mr. President, I ask sionally funded staffing target of 23,775 officers after the date of the enactment of this Act, and unanimous consent that the Senate for fiscal year 2015. not later than December 31 of each of the 3 suc- (3) An estimated 250,000 to 300,000 members of cessive years, the Secretary of Homeland Secu- proceed to the immediate consider- the Armed Forces separate from military service ation of Calendar No. 178, S. 349. rity and the Secretary of Defense shall jointly every year. submit a report to the appropriate congressional (4) Recruiting efforts and expedited hiring The PRESIDING OFFICER. The committees that includes a description and as- procedures should be undertaken to ensure that clerk will report the bill by title. sessment of the program established under sec- qualified individuals separating from military The senior assistant legislative clerk tion 4. service are aware of, and partake in, opportuni- read as follows: (b) CONTENT.—The report required under sub- ties to fill vacant Customs and Border Protec- section (a) shall include— A bill (S. 349) to amend title XIX of the So- tion Officer positions. cial Security Act to empower individuals (1) a detailed description of the program es- SEC. 3. EXPEDITED HIRING OF APPROPRIATE tablished under section 4, including— with disabilities to establish their own sup- SEPARATING SERVICE MEMBERS. plemental needs trusts. (A) programmatic elements; (a) IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSFERABLE QUALI- (B) goals associated with those elements; and There being no objection, the Senate FICATIONS.—Not later than 60 days after the (C) a description of how the elements and proceeded to consider the bill. date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary goals will assist in meeting statutorily mandated Mrs. FISCHER. Mr. President, I ask of Homeland Security, in conjunction with the staffing levels and agency hiring benchmarks; Secretary of Defense, shall jointly identify Mili- (2) a detailed description of the program ele- unanimous consent that the bill be tary Occupational Specialty Codes, Air Force read a third time and passed and that ments that have been implemented under section Specialty Codes, Naval Enlisted Classifications 4; the motion to reconsider be considered and Officer Designators, and Coast Guard Com- (3) a detailed summary of the actions taken made and laid upon the table. petencies that are transferable to the require- under section 4 to implement such program ele- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ments, qualifications, and duties assigned to ments; objection, it is so ordered. Customs and Border Protection Officers. (4) the number of separating service members The bill (S. 349) was ordered to be en- (b) HIRING.—The Secretary of Homeland Secu- made aware of Customs and Border Protection grossed for a third reading, was read rity shall consider hiring qualified candidates Officer vacancies; with the Military Occupational Specialty Codes, the third time, and passed, as follows: (5) the Military Occupational Specialty Codes, Air Force Specialty Codes, Naval Enlisted Clas- Air Force Specialty Codes, Naval Enlisted Clas- S. 349 sifications and Officer Designators, and Coast sifications and Officer Designators, and Coast Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- Guard Competencies identified as transferable Guard Competencies identified as transferable resentatives of the United States of America in under subsection (a) who are eligible for vet- under section 3(a) and a rationale for such Congress assembled, erans recruitment appointment authorized identifications; SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. under section 4214 of title 38, United States (6) the number of Customs and Border Protec- This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Special Code. tion Officer vacancies filled with separating Needs Trust Fairness Act of 2015’’. SEC. 4. ESTABLISHING A PROGRAM FOR RECRUIT- service members; ING SERVICE MEMBERS SEPARATING (7) the number of Customs and Border Protec- SEC. 2. FAIRNESS IN MEDICAID SUPPLEMENTAL FROM MILITARY SERVICE FOR CUS- NEEDS TRUSTS. tion Officer vacancies filled with separating TOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION OF- service members under veterans recruitment ap- (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1917(d)(4)(A) of FICER VACANCIES. pointment authorized under the section 4214 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days title 38, United States Code; and 1396p(d)(4)(A)) is amended by inserting ‘‘the after the date of the enactment of this Act, the (8) the results of any evaluations or consider- individual,’’ after ‘‘for the benefit of such in- Secretary of Homeland Security, in conjunction ations of additional elements included or not in- dividual by’’. with the Secretary of Defense, shall establish a cluded in the program established under section (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment program to actively recruit members of the 4. made by subsection (a) shall apply to trusts Armed Forces who are separating from military established on or after the date of the enact- service to serve as Customs and Border Protec- SEC. 6. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. ment of this Act. tion Officers. Nothing in this Act may be construed— (b) ELEMENTS.—The program established (a) as superseding, altering, or amending ex- f under subsection (a) shall— isting Federal veterans’ hiring preferences or BORDER JOBS FOR VETERANS ACT (1) include Customs and Border Protection Of- Federal hiring authorities; or OF 2015 ficer opportunities in relevant job assistance ef- (b) as authorizing the appropriation of addi- forts under the Transition Assistance Program; tional amounts to carry out this Act. Mrs. FISCHER. Mr. President, I ask (2) place U.S. Customs and Border Protection Mrs. FISCHER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate officials or other relevant Department of Home- unanimous consent that the com- proceed to the immediate consider- land Security officials at recruiting events and mittee-reported substitute amendment jobs fairs involving members of the Armed ation of Calendar No. 196, S. 1603. be withdrawn; the Johnson substitute The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Forces who are separating from military service; (3) provide opportunities for local U.S. Cus- amendment be agreed to; the bill, as clerk will report the bill by title. toms and Border Protection field offices to part- amended, be read a third time and The senior assistant legislative clerk ner with military bases in the region; passed; and that the motion to recon- read as follows: (4) conduct outreach efforts to educate mem- sider be considered made and laid upon A bill (S. 1603) to actively recruit members bers of the Armed Forces with Military Occupa- the table. of the Armed Forces who are separating from tional Specialty Codes, Air Force Specialty The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Codes, Naval Enlisted Classifications and Offi- military service to serve as Customs and objection, it is so ordered. Border Protection Officers. cer Designators, and Coast Guard Competencies that are transferable to the requirements, quali- The committee-reported substitute There being no objection, the Senate fications, and duties assigned to Customs and amendment was withdrawn. proceeded to consider the bill, which Border Protection Officers of available hiring The amendment (No. 2648) in the na- had been reported from the Committee opportunities to become Customs and Border ture of a substitute was agreed to, as on Homeland Security and Govern- Protection Officers; follows: mental Affairs, with an amendment to (5) require the Secretary of Defense and the (Purpose: In the nature of a substitute) Secretary of Homeland Security to work coop- strike all after the enacting clause and Strike all after the enacting clause and in- insert in lieu thereof the following: eratively to identify shared activities and oppor- tunities for reciprocity related to steps in hiring sert the following: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. U.S. Customs and Border Patrol officers with SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Border Jobs for the goal of minimizing the time required to hire This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Border Jobs Veterans Act of 2015’’. qualified applicants; for Veterans Act of 2015’’. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. (6) require the Secretary of Defense and the SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds the following: Secretary of Homeland Security to work coop- Congress finds the following:

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:38 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09SE6.040 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6540 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 (1) Customs and Border Protection Officers cooperatively to identify shared activities United States Senator for the Common- at United States ports of entry carry out and opportunities for reciprocity related to wealth of Pennsylvania. critical law enforcement duties associated steps in hiring U.S. Customs and Border Pa- There being no objection, the Senate with screening foreign visitors, returning trol officers with the goal of minimizing the proceeded to consider the resolution. United States citizens, and imported cargo time required to hire qualified applicants; entering the United States. (6) require the Secretary of Defense and Mrs. FISCHER. I ask unanimous con- (2) It is in the national interest for United the Secretary of Homeland Security to work sent that the resolution be agreed to, States ports of entry to be adequately cooperatively to ensure the streamlined the preamble be agreed to, and the mo- staffed with Customs and Border Protection interagency transfer of relevant background tions to reconsider be considered made Officers in a timely fashion, including meet- investigations and security clearances; and and laid upon the table with no inter- ing the congressionally funded staffing tar- (7) include such other elements as may be vening action or debate. get of 23,775 officers for fiscal year 2015. necessary to ensure that members of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (3) An estimated 250,000 to 300,000 members Armed Forces who are separating from mili- objection, it is so ordered. of the Armed Forces separate from military tary service are aware of opportunities to fill The resolution (S. Res. 250) was service every year. vacant Customs and Border Protection Offi- (4) Recruiting efforts and expedited hiring cer positions. agreed to. procedures must be enhanced to ensure that SEC. 5. REPORT TO CONGRESS. The preamble was agreed to. qualified individuals separating from mili- (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days (The resolution, with its preamble, is tary service are aware of, and partake in, op- after the date of the enactment of this Act, printed in today’s RECORD under ‘‘Sub- portunities to fill vacant Customs and Bor- and not later than December 31 of each of mitted Resolutions.’’) the 3 successive years, the Secretary of der Protection Officer positions. f SEC. 3. EXPEDITED HIRING OF APPROPRIATE Homeland Security and the Secretary of De- SEPARATING SERVICE MEMBERS. fense shall jointly submit a report to the ap- ORDERS FOR THURSDAY, (a) IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSFERABLE propriate congressional committees that in- SEPTEMBER 10, 2015 QUALIFICATIONS.—Not later than 60 days cludes a description and assessment of the after the date of the enactment of this Act, efforts of the Department of Homeland Secu- Mrs. FISCHER. Mr. President, I ask the Secretary of Homeland Security, in con- rity to hire separating service members as unanimous consent that when the Sen- junction with the Secretary of Defense, shall Customs and Border Protection Officers. ate completes its business today, it ad- identify Military Occupational Specialty (b) CONTENT.—The report required under journ until 9:30 a.m., Thursday, Sep- Codes and Officer Branches, Air Force Spe- subsection (a) shall include— tember 10; that following the prayer cialty Codes, Naval Enlisted Classifications (1) a detailed description of the proposed and pledge, the morning hour be and Officer Designators, and Coast Guard efforts under section 4, including— (A) elements of the enhanced recruiting ef- deemed expired, the Journal of pro- Competencies that are transferable to the re- ceedings be approved to date, and the quirements, qualifications, and duties as- forts; signed to Customs and Border Protection Of- (B) goals associated with those elements; time for the two leaders be reserved for ficers. and their use later in the day; that fol- (b) HIRING.—The Secretary of Homeland (C) a description of how the elements and lowing leader remarks, the Senate re- Security shall consider hiring qualified can- goals will assist in meeting statutorily man- sume consideration of H.J. Res. 61, didates with the Military Occupational Spe- dated staffing levels and agency hiring with the time equally divided until 4:30 cialty Codes, Air Force Specialty Codes, benchmarks; p.m.; further, that the debate be struc- (2) a detailed description of the efforts that Naval Enlisted Classifications and Officer tured with alternating 1-hour blocks Designators, and Coast Guard Competencies have been undertaken under section 4; identified as transferable under subsection (3) the number of separating service mem- controlled by the two leaders or their (a) who are eligible for veterans recruitment bers made aware of Customs and Border Pro- designees until 4 p.m., and that the ma- appointment authorized under section 4214 of tection Officer vacancies; jority control the first hour, starting title 38, United States Code. (4) the Military Occupational Specialty at 10 a.m. SEC. 4. ENHANCEMENTS TO EXISTING PROGRAMS Codes and Officer Branches, Air Force Spe- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without TO RECRUIT SERVICE MEMBERS cialty Codes, Naval Enlisted Classifications objection, it is so ordered. SEPARATING FROM MILITARY SERV- and Officer Designators, and Coast Guard ICE FOR CUSTOMS AND BORDER Competencies identified as transferable f PROTECTION OFFICER VACANCIES. under section 3(a) and a rationale for such ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 9:30 A.M. (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Home- identifications; TOMORROW land Security, in conjunction with the Sec- (5) the number of Customs and Border Pro- retary of Defense, and acting through exist- tection Officer vacancies filled with sepa- Mrs. FISCHER. If there is no further ing programs, authorities, and agreements, rating service members; and business to come before the Senate, I where applicable, shall enhance the efforts of (6) the number of Customs and Border Pro- ask unanimous consent that it stand the Department of Homeland Security to re- tection Officer vacancies filled with sepa- adjourned under the provisions of S. cruit members of the Armed Forces who are rating service members under veterans re- separating from military service to serve as Res. 250 as a further mark of respect to cruitment appointment authorized under the late Senator Richard Schweiker of Customs and Border Protection Officers. section 4214 of title 38, United States Code. (b) ELEMENTS.—The enhanced recruiting Pennsylvania. SEC. 6. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. efforts under subsection (a) shall— Nothing in this Act may be construed— There being no objection, the Senate, (1) include Customs and Border Protection (a) to supersede, alter, or amend existing at 8:37 p.m., adjourned until Thursday, Officer opportunities in relevant job assist- Federal veterans’ hiring preferences or Fed- September 10, 2015, at 9:30 a.m. ance efforts under the Transition Assistance eral hiring authorities; or f Program; (b) to authorize the appropriation of addi- (2) place U.S. Customs and Border Protec- tional amounts to carry out this Act. NOMINATIONS tion officials or other relevant Department The bill (S. 1603), as amended, was or- of Homeland Security officials at recruiting Executive nominations received by events and jobs fairs involving members of dered to be engrossed for a third read- the Senate: the Armed Forces who are separating from ing, was read the third time, and UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION passed. military service; CHARLES R. BREYER, OF CALIFORNIA, TO BE A MEM- (3) provide opportunities for local U.S. Cus- f BER OF THE UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION toms and Border Protection field offices to FOR A TERM EXPIRING OCTOBER 31, 2021. (REAPPOINT- RELATIVE TO THE DEATH OF MENT) partner with military bases in the region; RICHARD FRANKLIN BOULWARE, II, OF NEVADA, TO BE (4) include outreach efforts to educate RICHARD SCHULTZ SCHWEIKER A MEMBER OF THE UNITED STATES SENTENCING COM- members of the Armed Forces with Military Mrs. FISCHER. Mr. President, I ask MISSION FOR A TERM EXPIRING OCTOBER 31, 2019, VICE KETANJI BROWN JACKSON, TERM EXPIRED. Occupational Specialty Codes and Officer unanimous consent that the Senate IN THE AIR FORCE Branches, Air Force Specialty Codes, Naval proceed to the consideration of S. Res. Enlisted Classifications and Officer Designa- 250. THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUALS FOR APPOINT- tors, and Coast Guard Competencies that are MENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR AIR The PRESIDING OFFICER. The FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: transferable to the requirements, qualifica- tions, and duties assigned to Customs and clerk will report the resolution by To be major Border Protection Officers of available hir- title. KATHLEEN E. AKERS ing opportunities to become Customs and The senior assistant legislative clerk BRETT W. SMITH Border Protection Officers; read as follows: SAIPRASAD M. ZEMSE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT (5) require the Secretary of Homeland Se- A resolution (S. Res. 250) relative to the TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR curity and the Secretary of Defense to work death of Richard Schultz Schweiker, former FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:43 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 9801 E:\CR\FM\A09SE6.025 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE September 9, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6541 To be colonel GABRIEL R. DINOFRIO LINDZI S. HOWDER ERIC L. DOGGETT DANIEL A. JACOBSON MICHELLE T. AARON JENNIFER LAURIE EDWARDS BRIAN D. JAMAIL SUSAN B. BOWES WADE S. EVANS JASON R. JARECKE NORMAN C. FOX GLEN N. GILSON BENJAMIN D. JONES PHILIP E. GOFF CHRISTOPHER G. GONZALES LEAMON P. JONES MELISSA R. HOWARD BRYAN K. A. JERNIGAN CHAD W. KILLPACK WILLIAM C. ISLER III DANA JOSEPHINE LONGO KENNETH A. KIRK II GUY R. MAJKOWSKI TARA E. LOVELL FRANCIS J. KUCHERA TERRY R. MATHEWS MICHAEL PATRICK METZ RYAN R. LANDOLL THERESA J. MEDINA TIMOTHY A. MORRIS RAHEEM R. LAY BRIAN E. MOORE ROBERT J. ORLANDO ELIZABETH M. LIEBNER COREY J. MUNRO MARK W. OVERLIE CARRIE L. LUCAS CHRISTOPHER I. PATRICK AMANDA M. PHLEGAR MEGAN B. MARTIN PETER D. REINHARDT ROBERT B. RUSSIN DONALD E. MASON TERESA K. ROBERTS EDWIN Y. SANTOS WILLIAM C. MATTHEWS DANELLE K. RODDY JEFFREY B. SCHULER NAGENIA Y. MCBEAN MONICA U. SELENT STEPHANIE A. STEMEN BENJAMIN J. MCGARVEY LYNN M. SHINABERY JAMES D. ULRICH TRACEY J. MCGAUGHEY MITZI D. THOMASLAWSON RAMON L. VEGLIO JESSICA H. MCGLADE KIRK P. WINGER RAYNOLD E. VINCENT, JR. JENNIFER M. MIDDLEBROOKS GEORGE B. MITZNER THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT LIANA LUCAS VOGEL CARLI B. MURPHY TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT ALISON M. NEY FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR CHI L. NGUYEN JOHNSON FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: To be colonel MARK J. NOAKES To be lieutenant colonel MATTHEW P. NOWOCZYNSKI PAUL R. BREZINSKI JOSEPH V. NOYA TERENCE T. CUNNINGHAM IV MARIA J. BELMONTE ERIN K. OCONNOR MARY A. GARBOWSKI STEVEN R. BLEVINS STEPHEN O. OSAKUE, JR. KARA A. GORMONT FARA M. BUSS JESSICA S. PABON JOSEPH V. HALE JONATHAN A. CASEY MICHAEL A. PALMER KEITH A. HIGLEY ERIKA R. CERANOWSKI STEVEN M. PARFITT EDWARD J. LAGROU ANITA F. CHAPEL RYAN M. PROFFIT MICHAEL J. ROBERTS PAULA M. CHAVIS AMANDA C. QUELLY KEVIN P. SEELEY JAMES D. COTE VENITA S. RAMIREZ VITO S. SMYTH DEBORAH L. DAVIDSON FELIPSON Z. RAMOS, JR. THOMAS E. WILLIFORD AMALIA M. DIVITTORIO JUSTIN R. READ THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT KATHERYN W. ELLIS JAIME L. REED TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR CYNTHIA L. ENNIS REED T. REICHWALD FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: JASON P. FEESE BRANDY LEIGH RENNER TIMOTHY E. GILLISPIE GLEN M. ROBINSON To be colonel MICHELE J. HOLDERNESS SHANNON N. ROMAN DONNA L. HORNBERGER DONNETTE A. BOYD ELIZABETH A. SALTZ ROCKY D. HOSIE DAVID L. CARR KEITH A. SANDERS SHERRY A. JOHNSON SHON NEYLAND NATHAN C. SANDMANN GWENDOLYN S. KAEGY PAUL D. SUTTER MICHELLE L. SANGER KRISTOPHER J. KILLIUS RACHEL M. SATTER THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT SHERRY M. KILLIUS MICHAEL P. SCANNON TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR BERNICE S. KING MICHAEL A. SCHMIDT FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: ERIN J. KNIGHTNER ROBERT W. SEALS To be lieutenant colonel MICHAEL E. MACLAIN NICOLE M. SEARS KRISTI R. NORCROSS DEBRA S. SECREST QUENTIN D. BAGBY MICHAEL J. OKEEFE CHAD P. SHAFFER ALLAN E. BIGTAS, JR. KIMBERLY A. POLSTON LEIGHCRAFT A. SHAKES SEAN M. CHICKERY MARQUITA N. PRICE CASEY R. SHOOP BRANDON N. CHRISTENSEN LEE ANN RICKARD DAVID A. SHWALB KWAME A. CURTIS JENNY PATTERSON SPAHR JASMINE A. SIMMONS STEVEN W. DAWSON PAMELA L. STEARNS BRYAN W. SIXKILLER STEVEN A. DEZELL DEBRA J. STORMS JONATHAN JOSEPH SNYDER JOSE DIAZ DIANNE M. STROBLE DAVID W. SPAULDING PAUL R. EDEN MATTHEW R. UBER CHARLES J. STALLINGS JERRY M. FAUSCH STEPHEN J. URBAN III DANIEL J. STRAIT MARSHALL A. FISCUS LEWIS S. WILBER NINA J. TACHIKAWA GRETCHEN ANN FIVECOAT DEVERIL A. WINT JOSEPH C. TEODORO MICHAEL G. FLEMING THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT SALLY L. TO JOHNNIE FOSTER, JR. TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR DONALD JOSEPH TRIGG JAIME RIVAS HARVEY FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: LETICIA R. TURNER JEREMY S. HASKELL DANIELLE KAY GLEASON TUTTLE ERIC M. HENDRICKSON To be major THERESA P. UMIPEG DEREC S. HUDSON DAVID P. VALENTINE ROBERT H. ALEXANDER SAMANTHA J. KELPIS KAREN A. VANDOR REBECCA L. ARNESON WESLEY T. KINERK STACEY R. VIERRA WESLEY P. ARNOLD JOSEPH B. KIRKMAN BRYAN H. VRALSTED JACQUELINE L. ASTRERO KAREN P. KRAMER STEPHANIE L. WHITE JASON L. BAKER JIMMEY N. LABIT, JR. DANIEL ADAM WILLIAMS LINDA A. BEEMAN THAI H. LE OWEN JOHN R. WILLIAMS CANDEE B. BERCK MICHAEL S. LUBY SUMMER L. WILLIAMSON SHARISE M. BIJOU WILLIAM E. LUJAN JENNIFER L. WINCHELL JASON R. BINGHAM NATHAN B. MAERTENS JUSTIN DAVID WRIGHT KARL F. BITUIN THOMAS J. V. MALLEY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TIMOTHY J. MCDOWELL ALLISON K. BRADFORD CRYSTALYN E. BROWN TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR MICHAEL A. MILLIS FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: ELIZABETH NAJERA JARED P. BUECHE JAIME R. K. OKAMURA MATTHEW P. BUSSA To be major ARON R. POTTER JAY M. BUTLER RENI B. ANGELOVA NAYDA O. PROTZMAN LANCE W. CAMACHO ALLISON NIASHAR BAIN ALEJANDRO RAMOS DIANE L. CAMPBELL SCOTT A. BAKER PATRICIA ROHRBECK JULIE A. CARPENTER WAYNE EMMANUEL BARNUM MICHAEL J. RUTTER BENJAMIN H. CARTER JOHN M. BERNABE JENNIE S. SHEFFIELD MICHELE L. CHURCH GARY L. BILLINGSLEY CHRISTIE SIMPSON MCKENZIE ELIZABETH K. COMBS CRAIG M. BUEHRIG TRACY L. SNYDER CHRISTOPHER W. DANIELS JASON J. CARTER KIM SUNDERLAND GABRIELA T. DANIELS STEPHANIE A. CERON BRANDON M. TOURTILLOTT ZARAH J. DAVIS KRISTINE L. COTHREN GEORGETTE A. TREZVANT NICOLE E. DESCHEPPER TENISHA L. DEALBA ASCENCIO ANTHONY R. TY GEORGE Y. DIAZ MELISSA S. DELA CRUZ DEREK C. UNDERHILL WILLIAM R. DICK CARMELLA S. ESSIEN DERRICK F. VARNER LAURA J. DOSSETT VANESSA V. EVANS KHAI H. VUONG RACHEL L. DUCHOSLAV SEAN M. FINNEY JANA M. WEINER CHRISTOPHER A. DUFFORD JAY A. FURY CLAYTON D. WILSON III AMANDA E. FERGUSON BRANDEE N. HAYNES MARY A. WORKMAN NICOLE M. FERGUSON LYNDSEY M. FERRIS ZANE H. HOLLAND THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT DEREK S. FINDLAY CHRISTOPHER M. HOLLIS TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR ALISHA LYNNETTE FLORENCE JAMES N. HOLSTEIN FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: ALEXANDER G. FORD SEAN RODERICK HOSKINS To be lieutenant colonel DENISE TORRES GARCIA TOMMY L. JEFFERSON II ZACHARY K. GARRETT CRYSTAL C. KARAHAN DWAYNE A. BACA MEGAN C. GARRISON ELISABETH E. LEONHARDT ROBERT D. BARRIENTOS ANGELA L. GILBERT ANSON MICHAEL LLOYD JONATHAN A. BERGMANN MICHAEL A. GLOTFELTER MIJI DALTON MCCONNELL DANIEL R. BOWEN JACLYN D. GUESS INNA ALEXANDRA MIKHAILOVA ALEJANDRO BRECEDA WHITNEY N. HASBROUCK CYNTHIA L. NEWBERRY MICHAEL A. CLEMENT CORY G. HEDIN CHRISTOPHER TRAVIS OGREN STEVEN B. DADD MINETTE S. R. HERRICK CHRISTOPHER D. PARKER TIMOTHY M. DEATER JOANNA HESKETT STEPHANIE A. PROELLOCHS

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:36 Sep 10, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 9801 E:\CR\FM\A09SE6.003 S09SEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S6542 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 9, 2015 BARRY O. REESE JANA J. MCBURNEY To be colonel JEROD B. RIEGER JENNIFER J. MCGOUGH SUMMER A. ROSE LISA G. MCIVER KIRBY R. GROSS KENNETH A. ROSENBLUM CHARLES R. MCMICHAEL THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR REGULAR AP- MELISSA R. ROUNTREE SUZANNE M. MIRTS POINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED KAITLIN B. B. SALLE MARISSA D. MULLICAN STATES ARMY NURSE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., TAMMY S. SHY ANNEMARIE T. NESBIT SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: BLAKE M. SMITH SYRAH E. NICAISSE ALLEN K. SOLENBERG, JR. JENNIFER E. OLIVER To be major GILLIAN T. TAYLOR DORSETT KRISTEN M. OSTER ANGEL LUIS VARGAS MELISSA S. PENN FRANCHESCA M. DESRIVIERE AMANDA MARIE WEBER VERONICA L. PERRY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT NICHOLAS J. WEIGHTMAN ELIZABETH T. A. PETERS TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE GRANT W. WISNER KATHY K. PICKEREL ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MICHELLE D. PIERSON TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR RENEL RAMOS To be colonel FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: MATTHEW F. RIST JERRY L. TOLBERT CHERYL A. ROBY To be major LYDIA G. RODRIGUEZ THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY DAVID R. ALANIZ MELINDA M. ROVAN UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: MARK CHRISTOPHER ALBRIGHT EUGENIA M. RUSH LORREN D. ANDERSON ERWIN B. SANPEDRO To be colonel NOEL B. ARAGONA FREDRICK R. SANTILLAN, JR. DENNIS M. BARBER CATARINA J. SCHLOSSER CHRISTOPHER R. FORSYTHE MADISON L. BASILE, JR. ELIZABETH E. SHOCKEY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT JERED E. BEAIRD MICHELLE R. SMITH TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE THERESA A. BEDFORD CAMILLE N. ST JULIAN ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: MONICA D. BEEBE TEISHA S. ST ROSE SUSAN Y. BERGANIO ANNETTE M. STEPHENS To be colonel KATE M. BERRY AMY L. SVANBERG SUZANNE M. BOHN REGINA A. TAI SEE FRANCIS G. MARESCO, JR. VIRGIL E. BRECKENRIDGE, JR. JULIE M. THOMPSON IN THE NAVY FRANK E. BRISENDINE ROBERT P. THORNHILL WEEADA Y. BROWN PHI T. TRAN THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT STACEY M. BRUNDRETT MICHELE L. TRIMBLE TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY JAMES S. CARPENTER NICOLE TURNER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: REBECCA J. CASTANEDA JENNIFER L. VARNEY ELYSSABETH N. CASTEEL MARGARITA VERA To be lieutenant commander SHERRY D. CHANDLER CARA M. VOMHOF REGINE REIMERS JENNIFER M. CHILDRESS DORIS C. WAGNER ANNA M. CHO STEPHANY L. WATKINS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT BRADFORD R. CLOWER GARY C. WEBB TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY JOHN T. CONNORS DEVON L. WENTZ UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: LAWANNA H. COX THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT To be lieutenant commander MELISSA M. DASSINGER IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE AIR JANICE D. DAVIS FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: JOEL V. FINNY GRADYNE M. DEARBORN THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TANYA L. DESTINHILL To be colonel IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY MOHAMED H. DIALLO RESERVE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 716 AND 12203: SORIYA DIEP JOHN M. GOOCH KAREN E. DOMBKOWSKI THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT To be captain YATASHA A. FLYNN IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR AIR FORCE APRIL D. FRANKLIN UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: ERNEST C. LEE ANNA M. FRISCIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT JOANALYN S. GADUANG To be lieutenant colonel IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR NAVY REYNEL A. GARCIA HERMAN W. DYKES, JR. UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 5582: DAWN M. GRANT BELINDA J. GREEN IN THE ARMY To be lieutenant commander MILAINEE J. GRIFFIN NATALIA C. HENRIQUEZ HELENA H. GUERRA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR REGULAR AP- KANDACE N. HARDSON POINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED SCOTT R. HOLCOMB STATES ARMY NURSE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., f ADRIANA A. HOLLIS SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: JODY L. HUSS To be major KATRINA INEZ JANOUSEK WITHDRAWALS JOANNA TANAP JIMENEZ JUDITH S. MEYERS Executive Message transmitted by WANDA I. JIMENEZ THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MARITESS JINGCO IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE the President to the Senate on Sep- DONNICA JONESKEOWN ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: JAIME F. KELBAUGH tember 9, 2015 withdrawing from fur- KATHERINE L. KNOTT To be colonel ther Senate consideration the fol- DIANA L. KOFRON ELMER M. LACSAMANA THOMAS W. WISENBAUGH lowing nominations: CYNTHIA LEFRERE HAROLD P. XENITELIS FOREIGN SERVICE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH JILL A. LEMIEUX THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER IN THE GRADE INDI- JASON DOUGLAS KALBFLEISCH AND ENDING WITH STU- CHERIE ANN LITTLE CATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, ART MACKENZIE HATCHER, WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE JENNIFER B. MAY U.S.C., SECTION 12203: SENT TO THE SENATE ON JULY 8, 2015.

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