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Knocking at the mayor's door Participatory urban management in seven cities ii Knocking at the mayor's door Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies (IHS) Cordaid. Memisa·Mensen in Nood·Vastenaktie June 2006 iii Knocking at the Mayor's Door Participatory Urban Management in Seven Cities Claudio Acioly Jr. Jan Fransen Eric Makokha Junefe Gilig Payot Reinhard Skinner Hans Teerlink Maria Zwanenburg Eburon Delft June 2006 iv Knocking at the mayor's door ISBN 90-5972-126-8 Uitgeverij Eburon Postbus 2867 2601 CW Delft tel.: 015-2131484 / fax: 015-2146888 [email protected] / www.eburon.nl Cover design: B&T ontwerp en advies © 2006 XXX. Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies (IHS) and Cordaid © 2006 XXXX. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing from the proprietor. © 2006 XXXXX. Alle rechten voorbehouden. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd, opgeslagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand, of openbaar gemaakt, in enige vorm of op enige wijze, hetzij elektronisch, mechanisch, door fotokopieën, opnamen, of op enig andere manier, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de rechthebbende. Keywords: NGOs, civil society participation, urban management, access to land, informal settlements Authors: Claudio Acioly Jr.; Jan Fansen; Eric Makokha; Junefe Gilig Payot; Reinhard Skinner; Hans Teerlink; Maria Zwanenburg English editor, proof-reader and type setting: Sharon Welsh v Foreword For Cordaid the cooperation with IHS is very valuable. Originally Cordaid provided financial support to NGO’s in the urban context, but over the years we started to acknowledge the role that local governments can or should play in urban development. With the process mappings and workshops IHS provides us with insights in networks of local stakeholders from local authorities, private sector to social movements active at city level. The process mappings show us the ‘opportunities’ we can grasp: Where are local governments, private sector, NGO’s and communities working together or willing to work together at city level? This can be a sector, like basic services (water, housing), but it can also be designing the cities master plan for the coming years. That’s the place to be for Cordaid! Concretely it means that we are supporting now more than before, development processes at city level and programmes of urban poverty reduction where several stakeholders work together, in a complementary way, rather than isolated projects of NGO’s. In some cities the process mappings were followed by a workshop in which the findings were discussed. These workshops triggered reactions in the cities and created new dynamics between stakeholders. For example in Recife: in the workshop that took place in June 2005 partners of Cordaid and other stakeholders from Recife, Lima and Fortaleza have drawn up an agenda for joint action for the future. The discussions proved to be effective for gearing policy towards each other and for mutual learning. The meeting resulted, among others, in a temporary network between the cities of Recife and Fortaleza, consisting of NGO’s, Universities and the municipality of Fortaleza, which strives for formal recognition of the favela’s in Fortalezas urban planning, in order to secure certain rights for the favela’s residents. Another example: in the Philippines stemming from the process mapping a city-based NGO network called Hugpong Dabaw now tries to engage the government in a dialogue while defining a common agenda to establish a local Housing Development Board, as prescribed by national legislation and make participatory development councils operational. This book depicts the variety of situations found in the 7 cities herein described. It shows that there are a number of local conditions and determinants whether or not participatory channels exist, and whether this provides the type of space for collaboration between different stakeholders and if this ultimately enables the formulation and implementation of pro- poor policies. We are pleased to offer the general public the experience of our partners in the different cities and the comprehensive analysis and suggestions made by our IHS partners. We are convinced that this knowledge will cross-fertilise other experiences around the world. Marloe Dresens, Policy Officer Urban Liveability, Cordaid, June 2006 vi Knocking at the mayor's door Acknowledgements Claudio Acioly, Reinhard Skinner and Sharon Welsh were in charge of the project of this book, while the respective studies and chapters herein presented were under the responsibility of the respective authors namely Jan Fransen (Awassa), Hans Teerlink (Nairobi) and Maria Zwanenburg (Tirana). Claudio Acioly, Reinhard Skinner also authored the studies on Recife and Davao, and Lima and Younde respectively. The study of Davao was co- authored by Acioly and Junefe Gilig Payot and the Nairobi one by Teerlink and Eric Makokha. Except for Skinner, Payot and Makokha, all the authors are staff members of the Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies (IHS). Details about their professional background are presented at the end of the book. The authors are indebted with a significantly large number of people and organisations, whose list is almost endless. Without Cordaid and its country desk and project managers, and the framework of collaboration with IHS it would be impossible to undertake these city auditings. Hilde Marbus, Margreet Houdijk, Remco van der Veen, Elly Rijnierse, Esther Kodhek, Wassie Azashe, Mariet Mulders and Aletta van der Woude provided valuable support and feeback to the studies. We would like to mention Marjolijn Wilmink and Marloe Dresens who have been in charge of the urban liveability programme of Cordaid and have been major players in the IHS-Cordaid collaboration. Without their support and belief in the value added of this institutional matching, much of the knowledge generated through the process mapping would remain untapped. We should not forget the various partners of Cordaid and IHS alumni in the cities where the process mapping research took place. Getting inside views and accessing documentation, meetings and various events was only possible because of the interest, motivation and cooperation of the various individuals, NGO’s, CBO’s, local leaders, mayors, municipal authorities and technical cadre of local governments and various civil society organisations with whom the authors interacted. The discussions as well as their views and experiences made it possible for the studies to construct participants’ observations that sustain a great deal of the analysis and conclusions formulated in each one of the city-based reports whose summaries are inserted in this book. A final word of acknowledgement goes to those who are actually struggling to make participatory processes work at the grassroots. We should like to express our gratitude to the various residents, community groups and local leaders who openly welcomed the authors during their field visits and meetings and actively participated in the meetings. Without them it would be impossible to undertake such an in-depth analysis of local processes. vii Contents Foreword.......................................................................................v Acknowledgements.......................................................................vi Introduction..................................................................................1 Reinhard Skinner and Claudio Acioly Jr. ................................................. 1 1 Rationale for the book .................................................................. 1 2 Background to the studies ............................................................. 1 3 Content of the Studies................................................................... 2 4 Key Study Questions..................................................................... 3 5 Meaning of the term “participation” .............................................. 4 6 Study locations and timing............................................................ 4 7 Methodology ................................................................................ 5 8 Concluding remarks...................................................................... 6 9 Note............................................................................................. 6 1: Davao City, The Philippines: Building channels of participation and the land question..............................................7 Claudio Acioly Jr. and Junefe Gilig Payot ............................................... 7 1 Introduction.................................................................................. 7 2 Brief Introduction to Davao City ................................................... 7 2.1 Scanning the problems of Davao City ..................................... 9 2.2 The city the poor and the informal settlements ........................ 9 3 National-Local Relations: the framework to address housing for the poor...................................................................................................10 3.1 Civil society engagement and advocacy .................................12 3.2 Key players in the Filipino Housing Sector ............................13 3.3 Housing Delivery at the Local Level......................................13 3.4

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