DOCSLIB.ORG

Universidad Católica De Santa María

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Universidad Católica De Santa María UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE SANTA MARÍA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FARMACÉUTICAS, BIOQUÍMICAS Y BIOTECNOLÓGICAS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE FARMACIA Y BIOQUÍMICA “Evaluación del efecto antipirético y antiinflamatorio del extracto de hojas de Kageneckia lanceolata (lloque) en animales de experimentación, Arequipa 2016” Tesis presentada por las bachilleres en Farmacia y Bioquímica: CCAHUANA CHURATA, DELIA LARICO SANCHO, IVET ROXANA Para obtener el Título Profesional de Químico- Farmacéutico Asesor: Q.F. Fernando Torres Vela AREQUIPA – PERÚ 2017 II DEDICATORIAS A Dios, por darme la vida, buena salud, la fuerza y el coraje para hacer este sueño realidad y por estar en cada momento de mi vida. A mis padres Santiago y Irma, por su amor, su ejemplo, consejos y valores, por motivarme a seguir adelante y por todo el esfuerzo y sacrificio que permitieron que hoy culmine una gran etapa. A mis hermanos Mirian, Alan, A Mis abuelos (QEPD), por Tatiana y Cosme, por darme la quererme y apoyarme siempre, fortaleza para culminar mis esto también se lo debo a ellos y estudios a todos mis amigas(o) que nos brindaron su apoyo durante todo este proceso, y dándonos sus consejos incondicionalmente. Delia III Dedico y agradezco esta tesis a Dios por darme fuerza, fe y haberme guiado a lo largo de este camino; dándome la A mi padre Aquiles Larico por fortaleza para afrontar los todo el esfuerzo y sacrificio por diversos retos que se me brindarme todo el amor, la presentaron. comprensión el apoyo incondicional y la confianza en cada momento de mi vida todo esto es para ti porque eres un ser maravilloso. A mis hermanos Vanesa y Yerson quienes con sus palabras de aliento y buenos deseos me brindan su apoyo incondicional y seguir adelante con mis Con cariño dedico a mis seres sueños. queridos, por motivarme y darme la mano, porque creyeron en mí, brindándome su apoyo, gracias a ustedes, hoy puedo ver alcanzada una de mis metas. Ivet Roxana III AGRADECIMIENTOS Brindarles nuestra mayor gratitud a todos nuestros docentes del Programa Profesional de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la Universidad Católica de Santa María, por el tiempo brindado y todas las enseñanzas y consejos aportados a nuestra formación profesional y personal durante toda nuestra carrera universitaria. Agradecer a nuestro asesor Dr. Fernando Torres por el gran apoyo que nos brindó y por todos sus consejos que nos sirvieron para realizar y culminar este trabajo. A nuestros dictaminadores quienes se merecen nuestro especial reconocimiento por el interés mostrado por nuestra investigación y las sugerencias recibidas a cada uno de ellos Dr. José Villanueva Salas, Dr. Gonzalo Dávila del Carpio y Dra. Mocita de la fuente Torres, por sus sabios consejos, su ayuda incondicional y experiencia nos dieron la clave para culminar esta meta de manera satisfactoria, gracias por su valiosa participación en nuestra formación profesional por su orientación, paciencia y la adquisición de conocimientos que nos ofrecieron a lo largo de nuestra tesis. Expresar también nuestro agradecimiento al personal de laboratorio por su apoyo y colaboración durante la realización de nuestro trabajo de investigación. IV ÍNDICE DEDICATORIAS ................................................................................................. II AGRADECIMIENTOS ........................................................................................ III RESUMEN ....................................................................................................... IX ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... XI INTRODUCC IÓN ................................................................................................ XIII OBJETIVOS ....................................................................................................... 01 HIPÓTESIS ....................................................................................................... 02 CAPÍTULO I MARCO TEÓRICO ........................................................................................... 03 1.1. Kageneckia lanceolata (lloque) ................................................................ 03 1.1.1. Nombre científico ........................................................................... 03 1.1.2. Nombres comunes .......................................................................... 03 1.1.3. Descripción botánica ...................................................................... 03 1.1.4. Distribución .................................................................................... 04 1.1.5. Taxonomía ...................................................................................... 04 1.1.6. Composición química ..................................................................... 04 1.1.7. Usos medicinales ............................................................................ 04 1.1.8. Otros usos ....................................................................................... 05 1.2. FIEBRE ..................................................................................................... 06 1.2.1. Termorregulación ........................................................................... 06 1.2.2. Definición ....................................................................................... 07 1.2.3. Fisiopatología ................................................................................. 08 1.2.4. Diagnóstico diferencial................................................................... 12 V 1.2.5. Etiologías ........................................................................................ 13 1.2.6. Semiología ..................................................................................... 13 1.3. INFLAMACIÓN ....................................................................................... 15 1.3.1. Concepto ........................................................................................ 15 1.3.2. Causas de la inflamación ................................................................ 16 1.3.3. Componentes de la reacción Inflamatoria ...................................... 16 1.3.3.1. Cambios Hemodinámicos ................................................ 17 1.3.3.1.1. Exudación de plasma ......................................... 18 1.3.3.1.2. Alteraciones al flujo laminar ............................. 18 1.3.3.2. Alteraciones de la permeabilidad .................................... 19 1.3.3.3. Modificaciones leucocitarias ........................................... 19 1.3.3.3.1. Marginación y adherencia ................................. 20 1.3.3.3.2. Conglomeración ................................................ 21 1.3.3.3.3. Quimiotaxis ....................................................... 22 1.3.3.3.4. Fagocitosis ......................................................... 23 1.3.4. Características Macroscópicas de la Inflamación ........................ 24 1.4. ÁCIDO ACETILSALICÍLICO ................................................................. 25 1.4.1. Farmacocinética ............................................................................. 26 1.4.2. Farmacodinamia: .......................................................................... 27 1.4.2.1. Mecanismo de acción ....................................................... 27 1.4.2.2. Acciones farmacológicas .................................................. 27 1.4.3. Indicaciones ................................................................................... 28 1.4.4. Posología ....................................................................................... 29 1.4.5. RAM (Reacción Adversa al Medicamento) .................................. 29 1.4.6. Contraindicaciones ........................................................................ 30 VI 1.4.7. Interacciones ................................................................................. 30 1.4.8. Toxicidad ....................................................................................... 30 1.5. FUNDAMENTOS DE LOS MODELOS FARMACOLOGICOS DE EVALUACIÓN .................................................................................................... 31 1.5.1. Antipirético ...................................................................................... 31 1.5.2. Antiinflamatorio .............................................................................. 31 CAPÍTULO II MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS........................................................................... 33 2.1. TIPO DE ESTUDIO ...................................................................................... 33 2.2. LUGAR DE REALIZACIÓN ........................................................................ 33 2.3. MATERIAL BIOLOGICO ............................................................................ 33 2.3.1. Muestra vegetal ............................................................................... 33 2.3.2. Muestra animal ................................................................................ 34 2.4. MATERIALES DE LABORATORIO .......................................................... 34 2.4.1. Material de vidrio ......................................................................... 34 2.4.2. Equipos de laboratorio ................................................................... 34 2.4.3. Reactivos y otros insumos ............................................................. 35 2.4.4. Material farmacológico ................................................................. 36 2.4.5.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogeny of Maleae (Rosaceae) Based on Multiple Chloroplast Regions: Implications to Genera Circumscription
    Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2018, Article ID 7627191, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7627191 Research Article Phylogeny of Maleae (Rosaceae) Based on Multiple Chloroplast Regions: Implications to Genera Circumscription Jiahui Sun ,1,2 Shuo Shi ,1,2,3 Jinlu Li,1,4 Jing Yu,1 Ling Wang,4 Xueying Yang,5 Ling Guo ,6 and Shiliang Zhou 1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 2University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China 3College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China 4Te Department of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China 5Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China 6Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China Correspondence should be addressed to Ling Guo; [email protected] and Shiliang Zhou; [email protected] Received 21 September 2017; Revised 11 December 2017; Accepted 2 January 2018; Published 19 March 2018 Academic Editor: Fengjie Sun Copyright © 2018 Jiahui Sun et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Maleae consists of economically and ecologically important plants. However, there are considerable disputes on generic circumscription due to the lack of a reliable phylogeny at generic level. In this study, molecular phylogeny of 35 generally accepted genera in Maleae is established using 15 chloroplast regions. Gillenia isthemostbasalcladeofMaleae,followedbyKageneckia + Lindleya, Vauquelinia, and a typical radiation clade, the core Maleae, suggesting that the proposal of four subtribes is reasonable.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Nacional Del Centro Del Peru
    UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERU FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES Y DEL AMBIENTE "COMPOSICIÓN FLORÍSTICA Y ESTADO DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS BOSQUES DE Kageneckia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav. Y Escallonia myrtilloides L.f. EN LA RESERVA PAISAJÍSTICA NOR YAUYOS COCHAS" TESIS PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERO FORESTAL Y AMBIENTAL Bach. CARLOS MICHEL ROMERO CARBAJAL Bach. DELY LUZ RAMOS POCOMUCHA HUANCAYO – JUNÍN – PERÚ JULIO – 2009 A mis padres Florencio Ramos y Leonarda Pocomucha, por su constante apoyo y guía en mi carrera profesional. DELY A mi familia Héctor Romero, Eva Carbajal y Milton R.C., por su ejemplo de voluntad, afecto y amistad. CARLOS ÍNDICE AGRADECIMIENTOS .................................................................................. i RESUMEN .................................................................................................. ii I. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................... 1 II. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA ........................................................... 3 2.1. Bosques Andinos ........................................................................ 3 2.2. Formación Vegetal ...................................................................... 7 2.3. Composición Florística ................................................................ 8 2.4. Indicadores de Diversidad ......................................................... 10 2.5. Biología de la Conservación...................................................... 12 2.6. Estado de Conservación
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonality, Growth, and Net Productivity of Herbs and Shrubs Of
    Abstract: The physiognomy and species composition Seasonality, Growth, and Net Productivity of of the matorral, as well as growth period and net Herbs and Shrubs of the Chilean Matorral1 productivity of shrubs, change with altitude. In shrubs, vegetative growth period is shorter at higher altitudes; leaf area indices are signifi- cantly higher at lower sites, while biomass Gloria Montenegro, María E. Aljaro, Alan Walkowiak, and indices increase with altitude. At the community 2 Ricardo Saenger level, productivity is lower in the montane matorral. Growth and productivity of the herba- ceous understory markedly varies depending on precipitation. Most vegetative growth occurs between winter and early spring. Chile, located between 18° and 56° latitude The midelevation matorral in the Coastal Range south, has a climate which markedly varies accord- and the sclerophyllous scrub at the foothills of ing to geographical position (Di Castri 1968, the Andes are replaced at about 1850 m by a mon- Hajek and Di Castri 1975). Drought predominates tane evergreen scrub community (Mooney and others in the north of the country and rainfall is char- 1970, Rundel and Weisser 1975, Hoffmann and acteristic of the central and southern regions. Hoffmann 1978, Montenegro and others 1979b). At The natural vegetation is closely related to the 2300 m in the Andes the matorral gives way to a different climatic patterns. The northern part of low subalpine scrub. Over 3000 m, alpine herbs the country is desertic, while evergreens predomi- and cushion plants predominate (Villagran and nate in the south (Pisano 1954, Di Castri 1968, others 1979, Arroyo and others 1979).
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Dammarane Triterpenoids from Kageneckia Angustifolia D. Don
    Two New Dammarane Triterpenoids from Kageneckia angustifolia D. Don José Luis López-Pérez3*, Silvia Erazo1, Carla Delporte1 , Rosa Negrete1, Orlando Muñoz2, Rubén García1, Nadine Backhouse1 and Arturo San Feliciano3 1Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, 2Department of Science, University of Chile, P.O. Box 233, Santiago, Chile. 3Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain *Correspondence to: José Luis López-Pérez. Departamento de Química Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Salamanca. Campus Unamuno. 37007. Salamanca. Spain. Tel. + 34 923 294528, Fax + 34 923 294515; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Two new dammarane triterpenoids, 20R,21-epoxydammar-24-ene-3,23-dione and 20R,21-epoxy-3β-hydroxydammar-24-ene-23-one have been isolated from the aerial parts of Kageneckia angustifolia D. Don., Rosaceae, along with the previously reported triterpenoids oleanolic acid and 3β-(β-D-glucosyloxy)-16α,23α-epoxycucurbita-5,24-dien-11-one and the phenolic prunasin. The structures of these compounds were established by MS, 1D- and 2D- NMR experiments, and the structure of the new compounds were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. KEYWORDS: NMR; 1H NMR; 13C NMR; HMQC; HMBC; COSY; ROESY; Kageneckia angustifolia; Rosaceae; triterpenoids; dammaranes INTRODUCTION In our ongoing program to search for new natural bioactive compounds and their medicinal applications, a bioassay-guided study has been carried out with extracts from the aerial parts of Kageneckia angustifolia D. Don, a tree locally known as “olivillo” that grows in the central area of Chile.1 Neither phytochemical nor pharmacological and toxicological studies have been previously reported about this plant.
    [Show full text]
  • “Propuesta De Definiciones Conceptuales Y Sistematización Para Los Ecosistemas Identificados En La Leyenda Preliminar Del Mapa Nacional De Ecosistemas Del Perú”
    “Propuesta de definiciones conceptuales y sistematización para los ecosistemas identificados en la leyenda preliminar del Mapa Nacional de Ecosistemas del Perú” PRODUCTO 04 Consultor: Luis Antonio Tovar Narváez Con la colaboración de: María Cecilia Macera Urquizo En coordinación con: Grupo de Trabajo del Mapa de Ecosistemas (GTME) - MINAM Con el apoyo de: La Molina, diciembre 2016 ANEXO No.1 Recopilación y sistematización bibliográfica de las definiciones de ecosistemas REGION NATURAL – SELVA TROPICAL BIOCLIMA HÚMEDO HERBAZAL–ARBUSTAL (EN LLANURA ALUVIAL INUNDABLE) PANTANO HERBACEO ARBUSTIVO N° FUENTE DEFINICIÓN Estos pantanos aparentemente son relativamente ricos en nutrientes, ya que las aguas corrientes superficiales alcanzan a todo el pantano. Además, la capa Ruokolainen, K.; L. Schulman de material orgánico es usualmente suficientemente delgada como para y H. Tuomisto. 2001. On permitir que las raíces de las plantas tengan contacto directo con el suelo amazonian peatlands. 1 mineral subyacente. International Mire Conservation Group Los pantanos herbáceos (o sabanas inundadas), están asociados a cauces de Newsletter 2001/4: 8–10. ríos (presentes o pasados) y, generalmente, incluyen estadíos tempranos de sucesión vegetal (Kalliola et al. 1991). Rodríguez, F.; M. Rodríguez y Su característica principal es el suelo mal drenado y el predominio de P. Vásquez. 1995. Realidad y vegetación baja (de 1.5 a 2 m), con aspecto de matorral con árboles dispersos perspectivas. La Reserva de poca altura (Tabebuia insignis, Pagamea sp.) y palmas de aguaje (Mauritia 2 Nacional Pacaya–Samiria: flexuosa), también dispersa, así como vegetación heliófila y esclerófila. Son Análisis Integrado. dominados por vegetación que incluye varias especies de helechos, orquídeas ProNaturaleza. Lima.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships in Rosaceae Inferred from Chloroplast Matk and Trnl-Trnf Nucleotide Sequence Data
    Plant Syst. Evol. 231: 77±89 32002) Phylogenetic relationships in Rosaceae inferred from chloroplast matK and trnL-trnF nucleotide sequence data D. Potter1, F. Gao1, P. Esteban Bortiri1, S.-H. Oh1, and S. Baggett2 1Department of Pomology, University of California, Davis, USA 2Ph.D. Program Biology, Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, USA Received February 27, 2001 Accepted October 11, 2001 Abstract. Phylogenetic relationships in Rosaceae economically important fruits of temperate were studied using parsimony analysis of nucleo- regions is produced by members of this family, tide sequence data from two regions of the including species of Malus 3apples), Pyrus chloroplast genome, the matK gene and the trnL- 3pears), Prunus 3plums, peaches, cherries, trnF region. As in a previously published phylog- almonds, and apricots), Rubus 3raspberries), eny of Rosaceae based upon rbcL sequences, and Fragaria 3strawberries). The family also monophyletic groups were resolved that corre- includes many ornamentals, e.g., species of spond, with some modi®cations, to subfamilies Maloideae and Rosoideae, but Spiraeoideae were Rosa 3roses), Potentilla 3cinquefoil), and polyphyletic. Three main lineages appear to have Sorbus 3mountain ash). A variety of growth diverged early in the evolution of the family: 1) habits, fruit types, and chromosome numbers Rosoideae sensu stricto, including taxa with a base is found within the family 3Robertson 1974), chromosome number of 7 3occasionally 8); 2) which is traditionally divided into four sub- actinorhizal Rosaceae, a group of taxa that engage families on the basis of fruit type 3e.g., Schulze- in symbiotic nitrogen ®xation; and 3) the rest of the Menz 1964).
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Geography of Chile PLANT and VEGETATION
    Plant Geography of Chile PLANT AND VEGETATION Volume 5 Series Editor: M.J.A. Werger For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7549 Plant Geography of Chile by Andrés Moreira-Muñoz Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile 123 Dr. Andrés Moreira-Muñoz Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Instituto de Geografia Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago Chile [email protected] ISSN 1875-1318 e-ISSN 1875-1326 ISBN 978-90-481-8747-8 e-ISBN 978-90-481-8748-5 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-8748-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. ◦ ◦ Cover illustration: High-Andean vegetation at Laguna Miscanti (23 43 S, 67 47 W, 4350 m asl) Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Carlos Reiche (1860–1929) In Memoriam Foreword It is not just the brilliant and dramatic scenery that makes Chile such an attractive part of the world. No, that country has so very much more! And certainly it has a rich and beautiful flora. Chile’s plant world is strongly diversified and shows inter- esting geographical and evolutionary patterns. This is due to several factors: The geographical position of the country on the edge of a continental plate and stretch- ing along an extremely long latitudinal gradient from the tropics to the cold, barren rocks of Cape Horn, opposite Antarctica; the strong differences in altitude from sea level to the icy peaks of the Andes; the inclusion of distant islands in the country’s territory; the long geological and evolutionary history of the biota; and the mixture of tropical and temperate floras.
    [Show full text]
  • “CAPACIDAD DE ENRAIZAMIENTO DE LLOQUE “Kageneckia
    FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES CARRERA PROFESIONAL INGENIERÍA AGROFORESTAL “CAPACIDAD DE ENRAIZAMIENTO DE LLOQUE “Kageneckia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav.” EN DIFERENTES CONDICIONES CONTROLADAS, MOLLEPATA, CUSCO” Tesis para optar al Título Profesional de: INGENIERA AGROFORESTAL Presentado por: Bach. MELANIA CHIRCCA QUISPE Asesor: Dr. JOSÉ ELOY CUELLAR BAUTISTA Lima – Perú 2019 DEDICATORIA Dedico la presente investigación: A Jesús, hijo amado de Dios, a Dios todo poderoso y al Espíritu Santo, por su infinito amor. A la memoria de mi madre, Maritza Quispe Ramírez, de quién he heredado su inmensa bondad. A mi padre, Alejandro Chircca Quispe, por transmitirme sus conocimientos, principalmente, sus técnicas de estudio, forma de cocinar y emprender. A mis hermanos, Maralí, Herno y Jefferson, por brindarme su cariño y amistad. A mis abuelitos maternos, Julia Ramírez y José Quispe, por impartirme sus conocimientos ancestrales. A la memoria de mis abuelitos paternos, Adolfo Chircca y Isabel Quispe, por haber enseñado a mi padre a ser narrador de cuentos. A mis familiares, esencialmente a mi tío Elmer Quispe, quién ha demostrado valor y amor hacia a sus sobrinos. A Sergio Cusi, al cual, considero mi tercer padre, por su apoyo incondicional en mi formación profesional y humanista. A mis amigos y profesores con quiénes he compartido diversos momentos emotivos en estos cinco años de formación profesional. AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco inmensamente a nuestro increíble Dios por su amorosa presencia en nuestras vidas. A la Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales-Carrera Profesional Ingeniería Agroforestal de la Universidad Científica del Sur, y a todo su personal docente y administrativo por todo el apoyo brindado. Al Programa Nacional de Becas y Créditos Educativos (PRONABEC) por concederme la Beca 18 para realizar mi Pregrado en la Científica.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Classification of Rosaceae
    Pl. Syst. Evol. 266: 5–43 (2007) Plant Systematics DOI 10.1007/s00606-007-0539-9 and Evolution Printed in The Netherlands Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae D. Potter1, T. Eriksson2, R. C. Evans3,S.Oh4, J. E. E. Smedmark2, D. R. Morgan5, M. Kerr6, K. R. Robertson7, M. Arsenault8, T. A. Dickinson9, and C. S. Campbell8 1Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 2, University of California, Davis, California, USA 2Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden 3Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada 4Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA 5Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, USA 6Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA 7Center for Biodiversity, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA 8Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 9Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada Received January 17, 2006; accepted August 17, 2006 Published online: June 28, 2007 Ó Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract. Phylogenetic relationships among 88 Maloideae are included in Spiraeoideae. Three genera of Rosaceae were investigated using nucle- supertribes, one in Rosoideae and two in Spiraeoi- otide sequence data from six nuclear (18S, gbssi1, deae, are recognized. gbssi2, ITS, pgip,andppo) and four chloroplast (matK, ndhF, rbcL, and trnL-trnF) regions, sepa- Key words: Rosodae, Pyrodae, Kerriodae, chro- rately and in various combinations, with parsimony mosome number, fruit type. and likelihood-based Bayesian approaches. The results were used to examine evolution of non- molecular characters and to develop a new phylo- Introduction genetically based infrafamilial classification.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Evolution of Rosids
    Diversity and Evolution of Rosids . roses, currants, peonies . Eudicots • continue survey through the eudicots or tricolpates • vast majority of eudicots are Rosids (polypetalous) and Asterids core (sympetalous) eudicots rosid asterid Eudicots • unlike Asterids, Rosids (in orange) now represent a diverse set of families *Saxifragales • before examining the large Rosid group, look at a small but important order of flowering plants - Saxifragales Paeonia Sedum *Saxifragales • small group of 16 families and about 2500 species sister to Rosids • ancient lineage from 120 mya and underwent rapid radiation Paeonia Sedum *Saxifragales • part of this ancient radiation may involve this small family of holo-parasites - Cynomoriaceae *Saxifragales • they generally can be identified by their two or more separate or semi-fused carpels, but otherwise quite variable Paeonia Sedum Paeoniaceae 1 genus / 33 species • like many of these families, Paeonia exhibits an Arcto-Tertiary distribution Paeoniaceae 1 genus / 33 species • small shrubs with primitive features of perianth and stamens • hypogynous with 5-8 separate carpels developing into follicles Cercidiphyllaceae 1 genus / 2 species • small trees (kadsura-tree) restricted to eastern China and Japan . • . but fossils in North America and Europe from Tertiary Cercidiphyllaceae 1 genus / 2 species • unisexual, wind-pollinated but do produce follicles Hamamelidaceae 27 genera and 80 species - witch hazels • family of trees and shrubs in subtropical and temperate areas but only 1 species in Wisconsin - witch
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Rosaceae: Taxonomy, Economic Importance, Genomics
    1. Rosaceae: Taxonomy, Economic Importance, Genomics Kim E. Hummer and Jules Janick A rose by any other name would smell as sweet. Shakespeare A rose is a rose is a rose. Gertrude Stein The Rose Family The rose is a rose And was always a rose; But the theory now goes That the apple’s a rose, And the pear is, and so’s The plum, I suppose. The dear only knows What will next prove a rose. You, of course, are a rose, But were always a rose. Robert Frost 1 Nomenclature and Taxonomy 1.1 Origins The magnificent simplicity, or to some, the monotonous consistency, of the actin- iomorphic flowers of the rose family has been recognized for millennia. The origin of the name rose is summarized in the American Heritage Dictionary (2000): The English word rose comes from Latin and Old French. Latin rosa may be an Etruscan form of Greek Rhodia, “Rhodian, originating from Rhodes.” The Attic Greek word for rose K.E. Hummer (B) U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA K.M. Folta, S.E. Gardiner (eds.), Genetics and Genomics of Rosaceae, Plant Genetics 1 and Genomics: Crops and Models 6, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-77491-6 1, C Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 2 K.E. Hummer and J. Janick is rhodon, and in Sappho’s Aeolic dialect of Greek it is wrodon. In Avestan, the language of the Persian prophet Zoroaster, “rose” is varda and in Armenian vard, words both related to the Aeolic form.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Rosaceae Fruit Types Based on Nuclear Phylogeny in The
    Evolution of Rosaceae Fruit Types Based on Nuclear Phylogeny in the Context of Geological Times and Genome Duplication Yezi Xiang,1,† Chien-Hsun Huang,1,† Yi Hu,2 Jun Wen,3 Shisheng Li,4 Tingshuang Yi,5 Hongyi Chen,4 Jun Xiang,*,4 and Hong Ma*,1 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Center of Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 2Department of Biology, the Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 3The Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 4Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Huanggang Normal College,Huanggang,Hubei,China 5Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China †These authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding authors: E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Associate editor: Hongzhi Kong Abstract Fruits are the defining feature of angiosperms, likely have contributed to angiosperm successes by protecting and dis- persing seeds, and provide foods to humans and other animals, with many morphological types and important ecological and agricultural implications. Rosaceae is a family with 3000 species and an extraordinary spectrum of distinct fruits, including fleshy peach, apple, and strawberry prized by their consumers, as well as dry achenetum and follicetum with features facilitating seed dispersal, excellent for studying fruit evolution.
    [Show full text]