Institute of Remote Sensing Anna University, Chennai-25

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RESTRICTED DOCUMENT REF NO. AU/IRS/RM/203-2018 DT 30.11.2018

CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)”

PROJECT PROPONENT

USOF (Universal Service Obligation Fund), Department of Telecom

INSTITUTE OF REMOTE SENSING ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI-25

( November 2018) CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)”

CONTENTS

Topic Page No. Executive Summary 3 Project Team 4

1.0 Introduction 5 1.1 Coastal Regulation Zone 5 1.2 Background 9 1.3 Objectives 10 1.4 Equipment and Data Products 10 1.5 Methodology 12 1.6 GNSS Surveying 13

2.0 Study Area 15 2.1 Description of Study Area 15 2.2 Field Verification Survey 15

3.0 Results and Conclusions 16 3.1 Results 16 3.2 Conclusions 16

A-1 Coordinates of HTL Reference Points 17

Coastal Regulation Zone Map(1:4,000 scale) A-2 (Furnished in Annexure II and attached as a last sheet in this report )

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CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)”

Executive Summary

On the request of M/s EQMS India Pvt Ltd, 304-305, III Floor, Rishabh

Tower, Plot No.16, Community Centre, Karkardooma, Delhi-110092

(Consultant for Universal Service Obligation Fund, Department of Telecom), a survey was carried out to demarcate the High Tide Line(HTL), Low Tide

Line(LTL) and Coastal Regulation Zone(CRZ) for the construction of Beach

Man Hole(BMH) for the submarine cable system at Santhome Beach in

Chennai. The satellite imagery of the project area was interpreted for topographic and geomorphic features in the vicinity of the project site. The project site falls in the vicinity of Bay of Bengal.

Institute of Remote Sensing(IRS) in Anna University, an agency authorized by MoEF, Government of India for demarcation of HTL & LTL has conducted required field surveys and measurements for demarcation of CRZ in the fourth week of May 2018. Based on the geomorphology and topography in the vicinity of project area, HTL has been identified and traced in the field by Kinematic GNSS survey. LTL has also been identified based bathymetry and geomorphic conditions of the project area. The HTL and LTL along with setback lines as per approved CZMP vide CRZ Notification 2011 were superimposed on to georeferenced cadastral map to prepare a local level CRZ map at 1:4,000 scale. The HTL and LTL as per physical survey is matching with HTL and LTL as per approved CZMP vide CRZ Notification 2011. The location of BMH as provided by the client has also been superimposed on the CRZ map. The co-ordinates of the HTL as per CRZ Notification 2011 in WGS84 system are presented in the Annexure-I and the CRZ map as per CRZ Notifications, 2011 is presented in Annexure II (1:4,000 scale). The proposed BMH location in Santhome beach, Chennai falls in

CRZ-II category as per approved CZMP vide CRZ notifications, 2011.

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CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)”

PROJECT TEAM

1. Dr. S.S.Ramakrishnan … Project Manager

2. Dr. R.Murugasan … Project Leader

3. Dr.M.Shanmugam … Team Member

4. Mr. V.Chinnaanandh … Team Member

5. Mr. A.Indirajith … Team Member

6. Mr. J.Premkumar … Project Assistant

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CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)”

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Coastal Regulation Zone

The coastal zone is the area of interaction between land and sea. The coastal zone of Tamilnadu has a very high concentration of population along with ecologically sensitive areas like mangroves. There is a spurt of developmental activities arising from residential colonies and tourism centres along the coast and in coastal zone. There is a need to protect the coastal environment while ensuring continuing production and development. This zone is extremely vulnerable and has to be managed judiciously striking a balance between ecological and developmental needs.

Government of India has issued a notification during February 1991 for regulating the developments along the coastal stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and backwaters which are influenced by tidal action.

The land between 500 meters from the High Tide Line (HTL) and the Low

Tide Line (LTL) is identified as Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ). The coastal stretches within CRZ are classified into four categories, namely, Category I

(CRZ-I), Category II (CRZ-II), Category III (CRZ-III) and Category IV (CRZ-

IV). The notification has also laid down regulations to regulate the various activities in the coastal zone. The Ministry of Environment and Forests,

Government of India, has approved a set of CRZ maps on 1:25,000 scale prepared from SPOT satellite imagery. On these maps, zones are demarcated as CRZ I, CRZ II and CRZ III, by Coastal Zone Management

Authority.

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CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)”

Coastal Regulation Zone I includes the zone between High Tide Line and Low Tide Line. It also includes the areas that are ecologically sensitive and important, such as national parks/marine parks, sanctuaries, reserve forests, wildlife habitats, mangroves, corals/coral reefs, areas close to breeding and spawning grounds of fish and other marine life, areas of outstanding natural beauty/historically/heritage areas, areas rich in genetic diversity, areas likely to be inundated due to rise in sea level consequent upon global warming and such other areas as may be declared by the Central

Government or the concerned authorities at the State/Union Territory level from time to time.

CRZ-II covers the areas that have already been developed up to or close to the shoreline. For this purpose, the "developed area" is referred to as that area within the municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas which are already substantially built up and have been provided with drainage and approach roads and other infrastructural facilities, such as water supply and sewerage mains. CRZ-III covers the areas that are relatively undisturbed and those which do not belong to either Category-I or II. These include the coastal zone in the rural areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas which are not substantially built up. CRZ-IV refers to the coastal stretches in the Andaman and Nicobar, Lakshadweep and small islands other than those designated as

CRZ-I, CRZ-II or CRZ-III.

The Ministry of Environment and Forest in the CRZ Notification, 2011 declared the following areas as CRZ and imposed with effect from the date of the notification the restrictions on the setting up and expansion of industries,

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(i) The land area from High Tide Line (HTL) to 500 m on the landward side along the sea front.

(ii) CRZ shall apply to the land area between HTL to 100 m or width of the creek whichever is less on the landward side along the tidal influenced water bodies that are connected to the sea and the distance upto which development along such tidal influenced water bodies is to be regulated shall be governed by the distance upto which the tidal effects are experienced which shall be determined based on salinity concentration of 5 parts per thousand (ppt) measured during the driest period of the year and distance upto which tidal effects are experienced shall be clearly identified and demarcated accordingly in the Coastal Zone Management Plans.

(iii) The land area falling between the hazard line and 500 m from HTL on the landward side, in case of seafront and between the hazard line and 100 m line in case of tidal influenced water body. The word

‘hazard line’ denotes the line demarcated by Ministry of Environment and through the Survey of India taking into account tides, waves, sea level rise and shoreline changes.

(iv) Land area between HTL and Low Tide Line (LTL) which will be termed as the intertidal zone.

(v) The water and the bed area between the LTL to the territorial water limit (12 Nm) in case of sea and the water and the bed area between LTL at the bank to the LTL on the opposite side of the bank, of tidal influenced water bodies.

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CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)”

The Classification of the CRZ is also modified for the purpose of conserving and protecting the coastal areas and marine waters as CRZ – I,

CRZ – II, CRZ – III and CRZ – IV. The CRZ – I include the areas that are ecologically sensitive and the geomorphological features which play a role in the maintaining the integrity of the coast like (a) Mangroves(b) Corals and coral reefs and associated biodiversity (c) Sand Dunes (d) Mudflats which are biologically active (e) National parks, marine parks, sanctuaries, reserve forests, wildlife habitats and other protected areas (f) Salt Marshes (g) Turtle nesting grounds (h) Horse shoe crabs habitats (i) Sea grass beds (j) Nesting grounds of birds (k) Areas or structures of archaeological importance and heritage sites and the area between Low Tide Line and High Tide Line. The

CRZ-II includes areas that have been developed upto or close to the shoreline. The CRZ-III includes areas that are relatively undisturbed and those do not belong to either CRZ-I or II, which include coastal zone in the rural areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas, which are not substantially built up. The CRZ-IV includes the water area from the Low Tide Line to twelve nautical miles on the seaward side and the water area of the tidal influenced water body from the mouth of the water body at the sea upto the influence of tide which is measured as five parts per thousand during the driest season of the year.

The Ministry of Environment and Forest has also provided guidelines for demarcation of High Tide Line in the CRZ Notification, 2011. As per the guidelines, Cadastral (village) maps in 1:3960 or the nearest scale shall be used as the base maps. HTL and LTL will be demarcated in the cadastral

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CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)” map based on detailed physical verification using coastal geomorphological signatures or features in accordance with the CZM Maps approved by the

Central Government. 500 m and 200 m lines shall be demarcated with respect to the HTL.

In order to facilitate classification of Coastal Regulation Zones,

Government of India have approved few agencies/institutions across the country vide Lr. No. J17011/8/92-1A III, dated 10.05.1999 of Ministry of

Environment and Forests. Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University being one of them, has been carrying out HTL and LTL mapping following the guidelines issued by Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India.

1.2 Background

M/s EQMS India Pvt Ltd, 304-305, III Floor, Rishabh Tower, Plot

No.16, Community Centre, Karkardooma, Delhi-110092 (Consultant for

Universal Service Obligation Fund, Department of Telecom), has requested

Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University to demarcate HTL, LTL and

CRZ for the Sea/Bay/tidal influenced water bodies and ecologically sensitive areas on 1:4,000 scale in the vicinity of the proposed Beach Man Hole(BMH) for the submarine cable system at Santhome beach, Chennai. It is in this context, the project site needs to be evaluated to assess whether the project site falls under regulations of CRZ Notification, 2011. Hence IRS has taken up a ground verification survey for the demarcation of HTL, LTL and ecologically sensitive areas for preparation of local level CRZ Map.

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CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)”

1.3 Objectives

The objective of the present study is to examine the proposed Beach

Man Hole(BMH) for the submarine cable system at Santhome beach, Chennai with reference to CRZ Notification, 2011. Keeping in view of the requirements of notification, Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University under took the project with following agreed scope of work:

 Demarcation of HTL and LTL at / near the project site by conducting

DGPS survey in the field.

 Demarcation of ecologically sensitive entities such as Mangroves, Sand

dunes, etc if any in the vicinity of project site.

 Superimposition of HTL,LTL and ecologically sensitive areas along with

the project site on georeferenced cadastral map.

 Demarcation of Coastal Regulation Zones in the neighbourhood of the

project site.

1.4 Equipment and Data Products

The field verification of HTL, LTL, ecologically sensitive areas and tidal influence in water bodies is carried out using advanced accurate survey and in-situ measurement instruments like GNSS, Total Station, and Salinity Meter.

The data products used for demarcation includes Satellite Imagery, Survey of

India Topographic Maps, NHO Navigation Charts, Bathymetric Data and Tide

Tables. For demarcation of High Tide Line during field verification of Coastal

Geomorphology and Topography, dual frequency GNSS receivers were used in Kinematic Mode. Trimble R5 GNSS receivers were used to determine the

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CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)” position of HTL reference points with high accuracy. The specification of R5 receiver used for survey is described below.

 Hardware and Technology used o Trimble R-Track technology o Advanced Trimble Maxwell Custom Survey GNSS Chip o High precision multiple correlator for GNSS pseudorange measurements o Unfiltered, unsmoothed pseudorange measurements data for low noise, low multipath error, low time domain correlation and high dynamic response o Very low noise GNSS carrier phase measurements with <1 mm precision in a 1 Hz bandwidth o Signal-to-Noise ratios reported in dB-Hz  No. of Channels : 72 Channels  Tracking Frequencies: o GPS L1 C/A Code, L2C, L1/L2 Full Cycle Carrier o GLONASS L1 C/A Code, L1 P Code, L2 P Code, L1/L2 Full Cycle Carrier o 4 SBAS WAAS/EGNOS Channels  Accuracy in High Precision Static GNSS Surveying o Horizontal Accuracy is 3 mm + 0.1 ppm RMS o Vertical Accuracy is 3.5 mm + 0.4 ppm RMS  Accuracy in High Precision Static GNSS Surveying o Horizontal Accuracy is 8 mm + 1 ppm RMS o Vertical Accuracy is 15 mm + 1 ppm RMS

Salinity in the tidal influenced water bodies is verified using insitu measurements of salinity with a salinity meter. As per CRZ Notification, 2011 the HTL shall extend in tidal influenced water bodies till the salinity a concentration of 5 parts per thousand. Hence an salinity meter is used to assess tidal influence during High Tide in the water bodies along with geomorphology and vegetation signatures near the study area.

The IRS P6 satellite images of the study area along with other satellite images from web based sources were used for reconnaissance and geomorphology mapping of the study area. The LISS-IV camera in IRS P6 is a high resolution multi-spectral camera operating in three spectral bands (B2,

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CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)”

B3, B4). In the multi-spectral mode (Mx), a swath of 23 Km is covered in three bands. The LISS-IV camera can be tilted in the across track direction thereby providing a revisit period of 5 days.

Tide Tables are published by Survey of India, Government of India with

Prediction of tides at 44 ports including 14 foreign ports every year. 19 years tide tables were used along with Navigation Charts from NHO, Dehradun for finding Lowest Low Tide and Highest High Tide.

Bathymetry data from Navigation Charts published by NHO, Dehradun are used for determination of LTL in the vicinity of project area.

1.5 Methodology

The cadastral maps of project site has been used as the base maps.

The Geomorphology of the Coastal Zone has been studied from the temporal medium resolution satellite data. In order to prepare the local level map on

1:4,000 scale, the site has been inspected by IRS Scientists in the fourth week of May 2018. Based on the geomorphic units, the high tide line has been identified in the field and traced by field survey using GNSS. The tide level observations were collected from the Tide Tables. The highest high tide level and lowest low tide level for the past 19 years were determined from these tide tables.

As per the definition of high tide line, “The High Tide Line means the line on the land up to which the highest water line reaches during the spring tide”. There is a clear boundary between the areal spread of sea/creek and vegetation usually very much apparent. This boundary line coincides with the HTL line interpreted from the satellite imagery. On the other

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In case of inland waters such as creeks and backwaters, the ICRZ guidelines indicates that the development along rivers, creeks, creek lets and backwaters has to be regulated up to a distance where the tidal effects are experienced which has to be determined based on salinity concentration of 5 parts per thousand (ppt).

1.6 GNSS Surveying

The Trimble R5 GNSS receivers were used to conduct the surveying at the project site. The survey involves three components namely, 1. Establishing

Base Station, 2. Control Survey for Village Maps and 3. Real Time Kinematic

Survey for HTL Demarcation.

Establishing Base Station

The survey involves establishing one base station for Static Survey.

The base stations were identified on stable locations with clear view of sky for uninterrupted access to GNSS satellite signals. The control point with known elevation was used as initial reference station. The base station for the project site was established on firm ground and observed with static GNSS survey from the known coordinates of the control point. The observations times were fixed based on the length of base lines to obtain highest possible accuracies.

Static Survey

The conduct of Static Survey using GNSS requires two GNSS receivers, one to be setup over the control point (with known co-ordinate) and another one over a reference station whose coordinates and distance from

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CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)” the control point are to be determined. Both these receivers must record data simultaneously. These known co-ordinates of the control point were fed and fixed for processing of the logged data to accurately determine the coordinates of the base stations.

Control Survey for Georeferencing Village Maps

The cadastral maps pertaining to the project site were provided by the client. The hard copy cadastral maps were scanned and georeferenced with the help of GNSS coordinates of boundary points provided by the client and used for the preparation of local level HTL Maps.

Real Kinematic Survey for HTL Demarcation

Kinematic Surveying enables a very rapid survey of a number of base lines in areas where there is good satellite visibility. At least, two GNSS receivers are required to perform a kinematic survey. One receiver is designated as the reference receiver and is set up over the Base Station. All baselines are measured relative to this station. The other receivers, called rovers, are moved in succession to trace and record the HTL on ground through ground profiling.

Demarcation of HTL

Surrogate data such as coastal geomorphologic features identified from the satellite imagery, indicators available on the ground and tidal data were used to verify the HTL demarcated by Kinematic Survey.

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CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)”

2.0 STUDY AREA

2.1 Description of Study Area

The Beach Man Hole(BMH) of 3m x 4m x 4m size is proposed in

Santhome beach, Chennai. The latitude and longitude of centre of proposed

BMH are 13º1.479’N and 80º16.723’E respectively.

2.2 Field Verification Survey

The HTL was demarcated by physical survey in the study area as per the guidelines provided by CRZ Notification, 2011 issued by MoEF&CC, New

Delhi. The position of HTL associated with wave runup at Highest High Tide and geomorphic and topographic features such as ground elevation, permanent terrestrial vegetation were considered for field verification of HTL.

In addition, geomorphic features such as berms, cliffs, sand dunes, headlands, mudflats, were verified to demarcate HTL. Coastal protection structures such as seawall, embankment, bunds, revetments were also verified to demarcate HTL. LTL was also verified based on geomorphology and bathymetric details available.

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CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)”

3.0 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

3.1 Results

The observed baselines of GNSS receivers were processed using TBC software to derive the coordinates of HTL reference points, ground control points for georeferencing of satellite imagery and cadastral maps. The ground control points were used to georeference the cadastral maps of project area. The HTL and LTL for sea/creek was superimposed on to georeferenced cadastral map along with ecologically sensitive areas in the vicinity of project site. Only coast is existing near the project site. Therefore 200 m & 500 m setback lines from HTL for coast are generated and superimposed on to map. No mangroves are found at or near the BMH location. The HTL and LTL as per physical survey is matching with HTL and LTL as per approved CZMP vide CRZ Notification 2011. The CRZ map in 1:4000 scale showing HTL, LTL, setback lines, various coastal regulatory zones near the project site and the location of proposed Beach Man Hole are presented in Annexure-II. The processed HTL co-ordinates in WGS 84 system are presented at Annexure I.

3.2 Conclusions (i) High Tide Line, Low Tide Line and their set back lines as per approved CZMP vide CRZ notifications, 2011 in the vicinity of proposed

Beach Man Hole are marked in the CRZ map(in 1:4000 scale) and furnished in Annexure II.

(ii) The proposed BMH location in Santhome beach, Chennai falls in

CRZ-II category as per approved CZMP vide CRZ notifications, 2011.

DIRECTOR, IRS

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CRZ MAPPING FOR “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI-ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)”

ANNEXURE – I

COORDINATES OF HTL REFERENCE POINTS

Reference System: WGS 84 Datum

HTL Points Latitude Longitude 1 13° 1' 48.971" N 80° 16' 46.466" E 2 13° 1' 43.423" N 80° 16' 45.885" E 3 13° 1' 37.503" N 80° 16' 45.079" E 4 13° 1' 31.709" N 80° 16' 44.285" E 5 13° 1' 26.776" N 80° 16' 43.602" E 6 13° 1' 20.401" N 80° 16' 42.719" E 7 13° 1' 15.392" N 80° 16' 42.079" E 8 13° 1' 8.975" N 80° 16' 41.216" E 9 13° 1' 10.384" N 80° 16' 35.252" E 10 13° 1' 20.525" N 80° 16' 32.098" E 11 13° 1' 25.546" N 80° 16' 25.191" E 12 13° 1' 20.890" N 80° 16' 20.464" E 13 13° 1' 21.300" N 80° 16' 25.837" E 14 13° 1' 13.416" N 80° 16' 32.282" E

DIRECTOR, IRS

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CRZ MAPPING FOR THE PROJECT "ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CHENNAI - ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM ANNEXURE - II ± (CABLE LANDING AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEACH MAN HOLE AT SANTHOME BEACH, CHENNAI)" 80°16'30"E 80°17'0"E 2990 2937 2814 2426 2797 2779 2567 2419 2978 2923 28202819 2818 2780 2599 2598 2566 2568 2574 2429 2922 2796 27812606 2428 LEGEND 2821 2822 25692570 2427 2972 2793 2782 2572 2938 2921 2564 2565 2556 2571 2573 2430 2429 2824 2823 2783 29192920 2807 25542552 SOURCE : AS PER CRZ NOTIFICATION 2011 2953 2825 2826 2784 2559 2546 2918 2790 2785 2553 2543 1 2829 2827 25582555 2545 2432 2431 ? 2974 2917 2789 2786 2550 2915 2830 2828 2560 25442542 LOW TIDE LINE (LTL) 2940 2916 2831 2788 2861 2541 2433 2942 29132914 28672833 2561 2540 2939 2872 2860 2834 2434 2435 2451 2510 2943 2911 2873 2869 2863 2835 2539 2467 HIGH TIDE LINE (HTL) 2910 2859 2563 2538 2438 2452 2944 2874 2870 2836 2436 2456 2469 2946 2864 2858 2526 2511 2945 2908 2875 2871 2838 2537 2439 2437 2453 100m / CREEK WIDTH WHICH EVER 2856 2454 2455 24712472 2948 2906 2865 2840 2441 2512 2952 2877 2839 2536 2457 2473 29052904 2854 2562 2442 2463 LESS FROM HTL 2950 28522841 2513 2902 2866 2458 24622464 2466 200m FROM HTL 44452894 28432842 24502459 2465 2482 2893 2878 2844 2533 2535 2449 2514 4455 2901 2853 2846 24602461 2480 44472897 2847 2534 500m FROM HTL 4453 2900 2849 2529 2448 2494 2515 2898 28502848 2528 2527 2445 2492 44514450 2899 2443 2885 2530 2446 2495 2516 BLOCK BOUNDARY 2884 2881 2879 2491 2882 2497 2518 2 28802851 4484 2501 2519 ? 2444 2498 2499 2520 SURVEY BOUNDARY 4483 2500 25042521 4487 2525 2503 2523 2502 TURTLE NESTING GROUNDS (CRZ - IA) 4481 L 4486 4574 45774579 T 4578 4489 4578 4580 H 4575 4490 4584 45814587 M CRZ - IB 451245114510 4488 4585 4591 4479 O 4485 45884589 4478 4477 4507 R 4515 L F 4506 4482 4514 T CRZ - II

H 4505 m 4476 4517 4518 0 4491 M 45134502 0 CRZ - IVA 5 4475 45194520 4501 O 4474 4498 4500 R 4521 Santhome 4522 7 F 3 4473 44994494 4492 ? CRZ - IVB 4472 45254524 4493 m 4495 E 4526 4496 4471 0 N 45294523 0 I E 4470 4561 4562 4528 2 L N ? HTL REFERENCE POINT 4469 4564 4559 I E L 4532 4560 4573 4558 D 4468 4533 4535 4556 4563 4567 I E

4537 T D 45444534 4539 4566 I 4467 45574554 SOURCE: CLIENT 4545 4538 H T 4541 4552 44664531 4542 G 45464540 I 4565 W 4547 4549 H 4465 4553 O 4551 PROPOSED BEACH MAN HOLE (BMH) 4548 L 4550 4568 - 4m Long x 3m Wide 4463 4572 4464 4 PROPOSED CABLE ALIGNMENT 4571 ? 4462 4570 4592 ENLARGED VIEW OF N

E " N " 0 4569 N 0

3 4461 BMH LOCATION I ' 3

' L 1

1 ° °

3 (SCALE 1 : 500) E 3 1

D 1 I

W 1 H G 0 I HI 0 C m H H / 4593 Santhome 3m E CR V m 4310 E E 4310 R EK 5 4 LE W ? SS ID F T R H 11 OM ? H 4309PT TL

BAY OF BENGAL SCALE 1 : 4000 4595 4307/3 0 50 100 200 300 400 M 4291 13 ? 12 PREPARED BY ? 10 ? 6 ? INSTITUTE OF REMOTE SENSING ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI - 600 025

4290 REF NO. AU/IRS/RM/203-2018 DT. 30.11.2018

4593/34 PROJECT PROPONENT

UNIVERSAL SERVICE OBLIGATION FUND 7 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOM ? Avvai Nagar

4289 14 ? PREPARED BY

4288/72 VERIFIED BY

9 4288/7 4288/94 ? APPROVED BY 8 ? 4287/3

4288/30 Note: Coastal Regulation Zone Map of the Site is Prepared Considering Approved CZMP 4288/9 as per CRZ Notification 2011 of MOEF. 4288/12

80°16'30"E 80°17'0"E "Prem" ANNEXURE-II

List of Algae & Sea Grass present in Coastal Waters of Tamil Nadu

S. No. Species Chlorophyta 1. Ulva fasiciata Delile 2. U. lactuca (Linn.) Le Jollis 3. Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillw). Kuetz 4. C. antennina (Bory.) Kuetz 5. Cladophora sp. 1 & 2 6. Cladophoropsis zoolingeri (Kuetzing) Boergs 7. Bryopsis plumose (Huds.) Ag. 8. Caulerpa chemnitzia (Esper) web. v. Bosse 9. C. cupressoides (Vahl.) Ag. 10. C. microphysa 11. C. peltata Lamour 12. C. scalpelliformis (R.Br.) Web.v.Bosse 13. C.taxifolia (Vahl.) AG. 14. Codium tomentosum (Huds.) stackh 15. Halimeda Macroloba Decaisne 16. Halimeda macroloba 17. Halimeda sp. 18. Valniopsis pachynema (Martns) Boergs Phaeophyta 1. Ectocarpus sp. 2. Colpomenia sinuosa (Roth) Derb. Et. Sol 3. Chnoospora bicanaliculata 4. C. minima (Herring) Papenfuss 5. DIctyopteris deliculata Lamour 6. Dictyota bartayresiana Lamour 7. Dictyota dichotoma (Huds.) Lamour 8. Padina boergesenii Allender & kraft 9. P. terastromatica Hauck 10. Stoechospermum marginatum (Ag) Kuetz 11. Sargassum ilicifolium (Turn) J. Ag. 12. S. longifolium Ag. 13. S. vulgare C. Ag. 14. S. wightii. Grev 15. Sargassum sp. Rhodophyta 1. Porphyra sp. 2. Gelidium micropterum Kutz. 3. G. pusillum (Stackh.) Le Jolis 4. Chondrococcus hornemanii (Mert.) Schmitz 5. Amphiroa anceps (Lamk.) Decsne 6. A. anastomosans Weber v. Bosse 7. A. fragilissima (L.) Lamour 8. Amphiroa sp. 9. Cheliosporum spectabile Harvey 10. Jania rubens (L.) Lamouroux 11. Grateloupia lithophila Boergesen 12. Halymenia floresia (Clem.) A.Ag. 13. H. porphyroides Boergs 14. H. venusta Boergs 15. Cryptonemia coriacea Schmitz 16. C. lomation (Bartel) J. Ag. 17. Corynomorpha prismatica J. Ag. 18. Solieria robusta (Grev.) Kylin 19. Sarconema filiforme (Sonder) Kylin 20. S. furcellatum Zam 21. Hypnea musciformis (Wulf) Lamour 22. H. valentiae (Turn) Mont. 23. Hypnea sp. 1 & 2 24. Griffithsia flabelliformis Harv. 25. Gracilaria corticata J.Ag. var. corticata 26. G. cortica var. puthumadensis 27. G. edulis (Gmel.) Silva 28. G. fergusonii J. Ag. 29. Gelidiopsis variabilis (Grev.) Schmitz 30. Ahnfeltia plicata (Huds.) Frics 31. Gymnogongrus pygmaeus (Grev.) J. AG. 32. Botryocladia sp. 33. Rhodymenia dissecta Boergs 34. R. palmate (L) Grev. 35. Champia parvula (C. Ag.) Harv. 36. Centroceras clavulatum (C. Ag.) Mont. 37. Ceramium sp. 38. Spyridia aculeate J. Ag. 39. Dictyurus purpurescens Bory 40. Polysiphonia sp. 41. Herposiphonia sp. 42. Laurencia flagelliformis J.Ag. 43. L. indica Hauck 44. L. poitei (Lamour.) Howe. 45. Acan thophora sp. 46. Enatiocladia prolifera (Grev. Falk) 47. Levelllea jungermanniodes (Mart) et. Her. Harv Cyanophyta 1. Lyngbya majuscule Harvey et Gomont 2. Lynbgya sp. 3. Phormidium retzii (Ag) Gomont 4. Phormidium sp. Sea Grass 1. Syringodium isoetifolium 2. Cymodocea rutundate Ezrene Hempr. Ex. Aschens

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

REVIEW OF LITERATURE Eastern coast of Santhome Beach represents a moderate number of species diversity of marine faunal communities in Bay of Bengal. Extensive studies have been carrying out by Zoological Survey of India to investigate the species diversity, distribution and abundance from the past. Studies on the amphipods of the Indian and the neighbouring waters received the attention of Zoologists only as late as 1885 when Giles published a paper on the occurrence of two speices of amphipods from Bengal. Subsequently in 1887, 1888 and 1890 he continued his work on amphipods and described about twenty-five more species from Indian waters bringing the total number of Indian amphipods to about twenty-seven out of which three species were recorded from the Chennai Coast Gravely's (1927) and Sundara Raj (1927) reported sixteen species of amphipods from Krusadai Island, Gulf of Mannar and its neighboring waters. Bernard (1935) reported amphipods collections of ZSI made from Travancore, Cochin and Bengal coasts of Mahabalipuram by Giles (1888 and 1890) and a brief note about the occurrence of three species of amphipods at Adyar in Madras, by Panikar and Aiyar (1937), in their study of the brackish water fauna of the Chennai Coast, the amphipods have not been worked out. A total of 48 species under 38 genera and 20 families have been compiled in the previous reports Nayar (1959), Sivaprakasam (1968, 1969 and Surya Rao, 1972). Information on the diversity of Cirripedia of Indian coast is far from complete. Weltner (1894) and Borradaile (1903) described 18 species from Indian Ocean especially from Maldive and Laccadive Archipelago. Cirripedes of The Chennai coast received very little attention although many species inhabit the area. Cantell (1938) reported Cirripedes from Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean and described 13 species of operculate barnacles from Chennai. Except the work of Annandale (1909), Panikkar and Aiyar (1937) and Daniel (1952 -1956) Chennai coast have received very little attention. Chaetognaths form one of the major constituents of the marine zooplankton. They occupy the second place in the order of abundance, copepods being the first one. Altogether about 120 species of chaetognaths are so far reported from the World Oceans. Chaetognaths play a main role in the marine food cycle. The biomass of chaetognaths has been estimated as 10-30 percent of that of copepods in the World Oceans, so that they are of great significance in transferring energy from copepods to higher trophic levels. As they form the food of many larger organisms,

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

they occupy an important position in planktonic food webs. Chaetognaths are useful as indicator organisms of the origin of the water masses and their movements, as certain species are seen associated with particular type of water mass, in a region, where there are several bodies of water in which the salinity conditions are not well marked (Russell, 1935). In such cases only the planktonic organisms could provide information on the origin of such waters. Along the west coast of India Srinivasan (1976, 1996) pointed out the possibility of utilizing Sagitta decipiens Fowler (1906) as an indicator of upwelling. Menon (1931), while studying the Madras plankton, stated the occurrence of Sagitta enflata (reported as Sagitta bipunctata Quoy and Gaimard) throughout the year along the Madras Coast. This is probably the first elaborated reported on the Indian Chaetognaths. Further in his another paper (1937) he reported the seasonal variation in the distribution of Sagitta of the Madras Coast. Lele and Gae (1936) studied the common Sagittae of the Bombay Harbour which is the first report on the chaetognaths from the west coast of India. In 1937 Subramaniam studied the distribution of Sagitta along the Madras Coast and reported the occurrence of Sagitta throughout the year and he recorded the presence of S. bedoti from the plankton samples of the Madras Coast in 1940. Later, Varadarajan and Chacko (1943) studied the chaetognaths of the Krusadai Island and George (1952) Grorge at Malabar coast and recorded the seasonal fluctuation of ten species. Prasad (1956) and Sudarsan (1963) studied the chaetognaths of the Mandapam area. Fifteen species of chaetognaths from of the Lawson’s bay, Waltair by Rao (1958 a,b, 1966), Rao and Ganapati (1958), and Rao and Kelly (1962).

There are 158 valid species of Siphonophora in the world oceans of which 116 species are reported from Indian Ocean (Daniel, 1985). Although the study of the siphonophores of the Indian Ocean has received considerable attention (Totton, 1954) not much is known on the siphonophores of the Chennai Coast. The siphonophores are most abundant in the Chennai coast and constitute an important fauna in the marine plankton.The siphonophores from the Chennai coast have been studied by several workers -Sundara Raj (1927); Leloup ( 1934), Daniel,1985 on Siphonophores from inshore and offshore plankton collections of Chennai coast. The list of species included in the present account consists of plankton samples collected at the surface with a tow-net during 1952-54 and 1956-60. Offshore collections were made at depths ranging from 10-70m by Nanson sampler. The list of siphonophores of Chennai was reported by Daniel (1985).

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The sponge fauna of Madras and Chilka Lake were investigated by Dendy (1887) and Ali (1954, 1956a). Dendy (1905) reported the Gulf of Mannar as one of the richest centres of sponge distribution. Burton (1930, 1937) added the sponge fauna of Gulf of Mannar. An extensive survey of the marine sponges in the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay were conducted during the years 1964–67 by Thomas (1968). Ali (1960) discussed the ecology of fauna of Madras harbour. Sivaramakrishnan (1951) studied the development and regeneration of Callispongia diffusa and Tedania higrescens from the Chennai Coast. Thomas (1986) made a checklist containing 275 species of sponges form Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay.

In the Indian seas several cruises of the R.I.M.S. Investigator and coastal surveys by the Officers of the Zoological Survey of India, has yielded a collection of 24 species of medusa which form the Indian National Collections in the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Chakrapani (1984) included 24 species from these collections. In addition, several cruises of the R.V. Chota Investigator along the Chennai coast from 1972-1983 has revealed the occurrence of 19 species of which 11 were already known from the Indian seas. Thus, a total 34 species are known from the Indian seas out of 200 species of Scyphomedusae known from the World Oceans. Out of 19 species at Madras coastal waters, 12 species of Scyphomedusae occur almost throughout the year, namely (1). Chiropsalmus buitendijki Horst, (2).Pelagia noctiluca Peron & Lesueur, (3).Dactylometra quinquecirrha L. Agassiz, (4).Nausithoe punctata Kolliker, (5).Cassiopea andromeda var. malayensis Maas, (6).Acromitus flgellatus (Haeckel), (7).Crambionella stuhlmanni (Chun), (8).Charybdea madraspatana Menon, (9).Ropilema hispidum (Vanhoffen) Maas, (10).Lobonemoides robustus Stiasny (11).Tamoya alata Reynaud, (12).Aurelia solida Browne. Only Crambionella stuhlmanni (Chun), Acromitus flagellatus (Haeckel), Rhopilema hispidum Vanhöffen form significant constituents of this group for the major part of the year (Chakrapani, 1984).

Bigelow (1919) reported an interesting account of the distribution of the Hydromedusae of the Indo- Pacific and opined that there is no separation between Malaysia and the Ceylon- Maldives-Chagos region so far as their medusae are concerned, and that the Malayan region cannot be separated geographically from the Philippines. Menon (1931) published “The hydromedusae of Chennai” from the plankton collections of Chennai coast collected by the

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University of Madras contained 35 species belonging to 28 genera. Species such as Halitiara formosa Fewkes and Merga violacea (Agassiz and Mayer) were recorded for the first time from the Indian ocean (Menon, 1931). The presence of a few of the typical Atlantic species like Amphinema dinema (Peron and Lesueur) and Starrodiscus tetrastaurus, Haeckel, on Chennai coast is interesting in that it throws fresh light on the distribution of these medusae . Although a large number of Brachyuran crabs are landed during the trawling operations along the Madras Coast, information on their species composition, seasonal abundance and biology are very meagre in literature. Alcock (1894-1900), Andreson (1896), Chopra (1933) and Balrs (1935) have dealt with species collected from Madras Coast, in their studies on Brachyuran crabs. Gravely (1927) has recorded the Brachyuran species in his survey of animal remains found along the Madras beach. The information on the echinoderms of Chennai coast is scattered in several publications on the echinoderm fauna of India. Only the reports chiefly of Gravely (1941), Satyamurti (1976) and James (1987) contain a compilation of the species. Important earlier work on this group of Molluscs from the Madras Coast are by Mcvill and Stander (1896), Crichton (1941) and Gravely (1942) Rarp (1948) report on a collection of Molluscs from the coromandal coast and the Mollusca of Krusadai Island by Satyamoorthy (1952 & 56) are other important contributions from the neighborhood areas. Cephalopods are bilaterally symmetrical marine molluscs with well-developed head and a crown of tentacles. During the 19th century Orbigny (1834-1848), Gray(1849), Steenstrup (1856, 1857,1875,1880,1881),Verrill(1880,1881,1882), and Hoyle(1885a,1885b,1886) made valuable contributions to the study of cephalopod taxonomy. Perusal of literature reveals the fact that proper attention has not been paid to the study of the cephalopod fauna of the Indian seas and there are only a few reports of the subject. Important works are by Foodrich (1896), Massy (1916), Robson (1926, 1929, 1932), Winck-worth (1936), Adam (1939), Gravely (1941), Rao (1954) and Adam and Rees (1966). Silas (1968) gave a catalogue of the known species of cephalopods from the Indian Ocean. Oommen (1966, 1976, 1977) studied some cephalopods from the west coast of India and Sials et al. (1982) reported the squid and cuttlefish resources of the Indian seas. Jothinayagam (1987) has studied the Cephalopoda of the Madras Coast.

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The studies on the sea turtles and their conservation have been taken up while the research on the sea snakes has lagged behind. The works of reptiles are based mainly on the recent publications on the subject notably by Murthy (1977, 1992) and Sharma (1998).

MATERIAL AND METHODS Faunal Diversity Marine Ecosystem Physico-chemical parameters The surface seawater samples were collected from all the stations of study for the estimation of following parameters.

Temperature Surface seawater temperature was measured using standard mercury thermometer.

Salinity The seawater salinity data was collected at all the places of study by using hand held Refractometer, Model ERMA, Japan. pH The seawater pH was measured soon after collection of water sample using Portable Water Quality Analyzer, Model SYSTRONICS Water Analyzer 371

Transparency The transparency of seawater column was measured by using Secchi disc from surface of sea to assess the depth of light penetration

Turbidity The seawater turbidity was measured by Turbidity Meter Model EUTECH Instruments ECTN100IR, Singapore.

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Coordinates The data on the coordinates of the survey area were collected by using Global Positioning System, Model GARMIN 12 Channel GPS, Model-Oregon 550.

Biological Parameters Phytoplankton Phytoplankton samples were collected from the surface seawater at all the stations. Fifty litres of seawater samples were concentrated to 250ml by filtering through 20µ mesh sized plankton net. The concentrated samples were immediately preserved by adding 5ml of 40% formalin and 2ml of Lugol’s iodine. In the laboratory the samples were concentrated in to the volume of 25ml and preserved in 4% formalin prepared in seawater. These samples were subjected to qualitative and quantitative evaluation of phytoplankton. For the quantitative estimation a Sedgewick Rafter Counting Cell was used. Phytoplankton samples were identified upto species level under binocular microscope following standard monographs (Husted, 1930; Pergallo, 1965).

Zooplankton Zooplankton samples were collected by surface haul using Heron-Tranter Plankton net having 0.7m dia mouth 3m long with a mesh size of 200µ for 10 minutes at 2 knot speed. The amount of water passed through was calculated by using flow meter while hauling the net. The collected plankton samples were preserved in 4% formalin. The wet weight of the zooplankton was determined after washing with distilled water thereafter filtering through filter paper. The dry weight was determined by drying the filtered samples in a hot air oven at 70ºC till constant weight. The results were calculated as mg/100m3 of seawater. Zooplankton volume was measured by displacement method. In this method samples were filtered and blotted with filter paper and the mass was transferred to measuring cylinder having known volume of 4% formalin prepared in seawater. The rise in level of seawater in measuring cylinder was recorded. The distance between final and initial reading gives volume of zooplankton. The results were expressed as ml/100m3 of seawater. The numerical density of zooplankton was calculated by using Sedgewick Rafter Counting Cell. The plankton was identified up to species level under binocular microscope by referring standard manuals and monographs.

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Meio-benthos The intertidal and subtidal meio-benthos in the study area was estimated during low tide by collecting sediment smples using van Veen grab. In order to study the meio-benthos, sediment samples were collected by plastic core and sieved through 63µ mesh. The results were expressed for no. of organisms/m2 area.

Terrestrial Ecosystem Insect Light trap sampling: Light traps have been successfully used by various workers for sampling insects. It is a useful tool particularly to collect moths and beetles in addition to several other nocturnal insects. The sampling of insects has been done using an electric power generator during night hours especially for moths. The trap was operated alternately between plots in project area. The collected insects have been sorted out to species and the number of individuals for each species was recorded on data sheets for estimating the diversity. As spot identification was made in most of the cases, code numbers assigned to the various species, which were later labeled after establishing their correct identity.

Hand net sampling: Direct catching of insects using hand net is often required for collecting various insects like, butterflies, bees, wasps etc. Using this method collection was made during day times (sunrise to 11 am).

Reptiles and Amphibians Random surveys were conducted in almost all parts of the study area to document amphibian and reptile species. The streams and marshy areas were surveyed for amphibians. Hand picking was employed for the collection of specimens and pit fall traps also been tried. Dip nets was used for capturing amphibians of the lentic systems. The collected specimens were identified and morphometry will be recorded and then they will be released and voucher specimens were preserved in 10 per cent formaldehyde. The specimens were identified using the field guides (Boulenger 1890, Smith 1933, 1935 and 1943, Daniel 1963 and Tikader et al. 1986).

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Quadrate sampling method will be used for estimating abundance and diversity indices. Plots of 10 × 10m size were laid at randomly in different vegetations. These plots will be thoroughly searched (Hyner and Berven 1973) for the herpatofauna. Amphibians and reptiles in the plot will be identified in the field itself as far as possible. Different ecological parameters viz. temperature, pH, altitude, distance to water sources were also recorded.

Avifauna The bird species were estimated by line transect method (Burnham et al., 1980) and two transects (2 km length) were laid in the project area. Birds were identified based on physical features with the help of field guides and reference books (Ali and Ripley, 1983; Grimmett et al., 1998). Diversity Indices like Shannon-Weiner (H') and Simpson () were calculated using the computer program SPDIVERS.BAS (Ludwig and Reynolds, 1988). Density of birds was calculated using the programme DISTANCE 5.

Mammals The Block Count & Point Count methods (direct and indirect) were used for census of the mammals (Burnham et al., 1980). The indirect evidences like pugmarks, pellets, dung and footprints also recorded following Rodgers (1991).

Direct sightings: To record the presence of mammals in different trek path were surveyed by foot. Observation was made during morning and evening, and whenever an animal sighted the species, sex, group size, activity, time and vegetation type have been recorded.

Indirect evidences: As an alternative to the block count method, quadrates of the size of 10 m × 10 m will be laid for assessing the indirect evidences. From these quadrates, indirect evidences of animals such as scats, droppings, diggings, feeding signs and scratching marks were identified. In doubtful cases, scats, hair and other materials have been taken to the laboratory and compared with the known samples for identification (Rodgers 1991).

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Species diversity The species diversity of all the groups of organisms was calculated according to the Shanon-Weiner formula. H’ = Σ Pi long e Pi Where Pi = proportion of the ith species in the collection and H’= Diversity of a theoretically infinite population.

Simpson’s diversity index (Simpson, 1949) is one of the truthful indices to calculate the species diversity of any study site. It has been applied to calculate the species diversity of scleractinian corals of those islands. The formula for the Simpson index is:

D=1-

Where S is the number of species, N is the total percentage cover or total number of organisms and n is the percentage cover of a species or number of organisms of a species. In this form, D ranges from 1 to 0, with 1 representing infinite diversity and 0 representing no diversity.

Evenness of a community was described by the Pielou’s Evenness Index (J’). The formula of the index is (Pielou, 1966):

J’=H’/H’max Where H' is the number derived from the Shannon diversity.

RESULTS MARINE ECOSYSTEM Physico-chemical parameters The physico-chemical parameters of the seawater are the prime factors indicating the quality of the coastal waters which directly influence the primary and secondary productivities, and tertiary producers in the marine environment. The data on these parameters obtained from seawater samples collected from all the places of present study and the results are depicted in Table 3. The maximum depth of the proposed project site is 5.2m at the proximal end within

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

500m of BMH, while the depth is 51.3 m at the 12 nautical miles distal part of cable lining area. The pH of water was within the range of 7.9 to 8.2 at the area of 500m radius whereas the range was 8.0 to 8.3 up to the 12 nautical miles area. The salinity was in between 23 to 26 ppt within the 500 m of BMH however, 28 to 30 ppt up to 12 nautical miles area. Transparency of the water column ranges from 0.58 to 1.76 m within the 500 m of BMH while 1.94 to 6.32m in deeper waters. Sea surface temperature was maximum 31.7ºC while minimum 31.2 ºC within the 500m of BMH and 34.6 ºC to 35.2 ºC up to the area of 12 nautical miles. The transparency in terms of penetration of light in the seawater column was also measured at all the places. The quintessence of the results acquired for seawater transparency indicated that all the stations of study have limited to moderate light penetration. The turbidity of seawater was also measured by Nudson Turbidity Unit (NTU) and it was found minimum (650) at 12 nautical miles area and maximum (1020) at Station-2 of Cable Laying area. The higher level of turbidity might be due to sedimentation caused by tidal influence.

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Table 3: Physiochemical parameters of different stations

12 Nautical ON CABLE LINE NORTH SIDE OF CABLE LINE SOUTH SIDE OF CABLE LINE miles Stn 1 Stn 2 Stn 3 Stn 4 Stn 5 Stn 6 Stn 7 Stn 8 Stn 9 Stn 10 Stn 11 Stn 12 Stn 13 Stn 14 Stn 15 Stn 16 Stn 17 Stn 18 Stn 19-27 3 Intervals of 4 0m 100m 200m 300m 400m 500m 0m 100m 200m 300m 400m 500m 0m 100m 200m 300m 400m 500m Nautical miles Atm. temp. (°C) 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 37.5-37.8

Surface temp. (°C) 31.4 31.5 31.7 31.3 31.2 31.4 31.4 31.3 31.5 31.3 31.3 31.2 31.6 31.2 31.3 34.6-35.2

Bottom temp. (°C) 30.7 30.3 30.8 30.4 30.6 30.3 30.7 33.4-33.8

Depth (m) 2.73 3.12 3.15 4.25 5.2 2.57 3.15 3.17 4.20 5.10 2.27 2.36 4.2 4.8 5.1 17.55-51.3

Salinity (Surface) (‰) 23 25 24 25 24 25 25 24 24 24 24 25 24 25 24 28-30 pH (Surface) 7.9 7.9 7.8 8.2 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.0 8 7.9 8.0-8.3

Transparency (m) 0.58 0.60 0.75 1.15 1.78 0.63 0.69 0.81 1.10 1.70 0.80 0.82 0.89 1.20 1.76 1.94-6.32

Turbidity (NTU) 1020 1010 980 960 940 1000 1000 990 970 950 990 990 980 970 930 650-930

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Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton is the primary producers of the marine trophic level and plays a vital role while assessing the health of the marine environment. A total of 54 species of phytoplankton were recorded from the study area. Among them, a maximum of 39 species obtained dring high tide while the minimum of 17 species recorded during low tide. The total cell count of phytoplankton was encountered as high, 87.25× 102 L-1 at high tide and as low 75.11× 102 L-1 at low tide. Each species of phytoplankton has a particular response to different growth rates. These differences and the species specific responses to different growth physico-chemical parameters favour different species at different times and allow many species to co-exist in the same body of water (Lally and Parsons, 1997). The species diversity of phytoplankton was also calculated during the study period and the diversity maxima (2.65) at high tide samples and minima (2.08) at low tide samples.

Table: 4. Density and volume of meio-benthos in study areas

Sl. Area Numeric Volume Species diversity (H’) No. density (ml./100m (ind./100m3) 3) 1. Santhome Beach and adjoining area 3000-7000 0.9-235 2.11

Table: 5. Density of meio-benthos in study areas

Sl. No. Group Numeric density (ind./100m3)

1. Ostrocaoda 3500

2. Oligochaeta 3000

3. Polychaeta 3200

4. Copepoda 7000

5. Tunicata 3400

6. Coelenterata 4100

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7. Turberllarian 5000

8. Foraminifera 5400

9. Nematoda 4550

10. Isopoda 3650

11. Amphipoda 6500

12. Nemertina 4600

13. Gastrotricha 3800

Amphipoda A total of 48 of amphipods under 38 genera and 20 families were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-6). Species diversity of the observed porifera was 1.36.

Table 6: Amphipods of project site and adjoining coastal areas Sl. No. Scientific Name Phylum: ARTHROPODA Class: CRUSTACEA Order: AMPHIPODA Family: LYSIANASSIDAE Genus: Shoemakerella 1. Shoemakerella nasuta ( Dana, 1853) Family: AMPELISCIDAE Genus: Ampelisca 2. Ampelisca zamboangae Stebbing,1888 3. Ampelisca cyclops Walker,1904 4. Ampelisca tridens Walker,1904 Genus: Byblis 5. Byblis lepta (Giles,1888) Family: HAUSTORIIDAE Genus: Platyischnopus 6. Platyischnopus herdmani Walker,1904 Genus: Urothoe 7. Urothoe spinidigitus Walker,1904 Family: PHOXOCEPHALIDAE Genus: Leptophoxus 8. Leptophoxus uncirostratus (Giles,1890) Family: AMPHILOCHIDAE Genus: Cyproidea 9. Cyproidea ornata Haswell,1880

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Genus: Amphilochus 10. Amphilochus schubarti Schellenberg, 1938 Family: LEUCOTHOIDAE Genus: Leucothoe 11. Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard,1789) 12. Leucothoe madrasana Sivaprakasam, 1967 Family: STENOTHIDAE Genus: Stenothoe 13. Stenothoe gallensis Walker ,1904 Family: OEDICEROTIDAE Genus: Perioculodes 14. Perioculodes longimanus (Bate and Westwood,1868) Family: CALLIOPIIDAE Genus: Paracalliope 15. Paracalliope indica Bernard,1935 Family : GAMMARIDAE Genus: Eriopisa 16. Eriopisa chilkensis ( Chilton, 1921 ) Genus: Megaluropus 17. Megaluropus agilis Hoeck,1889 Genus: Melta 18. Melta fresnalli (Audovin,1825) Genus: Maera 19. Maera quadrimana (Dana,1853) 20. Maera othonides Wlaker, 1904 Genus: Quadrivisio 21. Quadrivisio bengalensis Stebbing,1907 Genus: Elasmopus 22. Elasmopus pectenicrus (Bate,1862) Family: TALITRIDAE Genus: Talorchestia 23. Talorchestia martensii (Weber,1892) Genus: Hyale 24. Hyale hawaiensis (Dana,1853) 25. Hyale honoluluensis Schellenberg,1938 Genus: Micropratopus 26. Micropratopus maculatus Norman,1867 Genus: Cheiriphotis 27. Cheiriphotis megacheles (Giles,1885) Genus: Photis 28. Photis longicaudata (Bate and West,1862) 29. Photis digitata Bernard,1935 Family : AMPITHOIDAE Genus: Ampithoe 30. Ampithoe indica (Milne Ewards,1840) Genus: Cymadusa 31. Cymadusa filosa savigny, 1816 Family : COROPHIDDAE Genus: Grandidierella 32. Grandidierella bonnieri Stebbing,1908

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33. Grandidierella gilesi Chilton,1921 Genus: Cerapus 34. Cerapus abditus Templeton,1836 Genus: Ericthonius 35. Ericthonius brasiliensis (Dana,183) Genus: Corophium 36. Corophium acherusicm Costa,1857 37. Corophium madrasensis Nayar,1905 Family: PODOCERIDAE Genus: Podocerus 38. Podocerus brasiliensis (Dana,183) Sub-order: HYPERIIDEA Family : HYPERIIDAE Genus: Hyperia 39. Hyperia bengalensis (Giles,1887) Family: LYCAEOPSIDAE Genus: Brachyscelus 40. Brachyscelus crusculum Bate,1861 Family : OXYCEPHALIDAE Genus: Rhabdosoma 41. Rhabdosoma armatum (Milne Edwards,1830) Family: CAPRELLIDAE Genus: Tritella 42. Tritella pilimana Mayar, 1890 Genus: Paracaprella 43. Paracaprella lata Mayar, 1903 Family: HYALIDAE Genus: Hyale 44. Hyale affinis Chevreux, 1908 45. Hyale chevreuxi Barnard, 1916 46. Hyale macrodactyle Stebbing, 1899 Family:PHOTIDAE Genus: Eurystheus 47. Eurystheus togoensis Schellenberg Genus: Photis 48. Photis digitata ( Barnard) Species diversity (H'): 1.36

Cirripeds A total of 39 of cirripeds under 13 genera and 10 families were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-7). Species diversity of the observed porifera was 1.31.

Table 7: Cirripeds of project site and adjoining coastal areas Sl. No. Scientific Name Phylum: ARTHROPODA Class: CRUSTACEA Order: CIRRIPEDIA

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Suborder: LEPADOMORPHA Family: SCALPELLIDAE Genus : Pollicipes Leach,1817 1. Pollicipes polymerus madrasensis Daniel,1953 Genus : Smilium Bloch,1922 2. Smilium squamuliferum Weltner, 1894 Family : IBLIDAE Genus : Ibla Leach,1825 3. Ibla cumingi Darwin,1851 Family : LEPADIDAE Genus : Lepas, Linnaeus,178 4. Lepas anatifera indica Annandale,1909 5. Lepas anserifera Linne,1761 6. Lepas pectinata Spengler,1793 7. Lepas bengalensis Daniel,1952 Genus : Conchoderma Olfers,1814 8. Conchoderma virgatum Spongler,1763 9. Conchoderma virgatum forma hunteri Owen, 1830 Family: TRILASMATIDAE Genus: Trilasmis Plisbry,1928 10. Tilasmis minuta (Gravely,1825) Genus : Octolasmis Gray,1825 11. Octolasmis tridens (Aurivillius,1893) 12. Octolasmis warwickii Gray,1825 13. Octolasmis grayii (Darwin,1851) 14. Octolasmis grayii var. permuda (Annandale, 1909) 15. Octolasmis lowei (Darwin,1851) 16. Octolasmis stella (Annandale,1909) 17. Octolasmis cor var. A (Aurivillius,1893) 18. Octolasmis angulata (Aurivillius,1894) Suborder: BALANOMORPHA Family : BALANIDAE Sub-Family : BALANINAE Genus : Balanus Da Costa,1778 19. Balanus tintinnabulum tintinnabulum Linne,1758 20. Balanus ebumeus Gould,1841 21. Balanus amphitrite variegatus Darwin,1854 22. Balanus amphitrite communis Darwin,1854 23. Balanus amphitrite venustus Darwin, 1884 24. Balanus calidus Pilsbry,1916 25. Balanus perforatus (Brugiere,1789) 26. Balanus balanoides Linne,1766 27. Balanus tenuis Hook,1883 28. Balanus amaryllis forma euamaryllis, Broch,1922 29. Balanus amaryllis forma nivea Gruvel, 1905 30. Balanus longirostrum var. Krusadaiensis Daniel, 1955 31. Balanus calceolus Darwin,1854 32. Balanus cymbiformis Darwin,1854 Genus: Acasta Leach, 1817 33. Acasta sulcata var.spinosa Daniel, 1955

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SubFamily: TETRACLITINAE Genus: Tetraclita Schumacher,1817 34. Tetraclita purpurascens Wood,1818 SubFamily : CHELONOBINAE Leach,1817 Genus: Chelonobia Leach, 1817 35. Chelonobia tstudinaria Linne,1761 36. Chelonobia caretta Spengler,1790 37. Chelonobia patula Ranzani, 1818 SubFamily: CORONULINAE Genus: Platylepas Gray,1825 38. Platylepas hexastylos Fabricus,1798 Family: CHTHAMLIDAE Genus: Chthamalus Ranzani,1817 39. Chthamalus stellatus stellatus Poli,1791 Species diversity (H'): 1.31

Chaetognatha A total of 12 of cirripeds under 3 genera and 3 families were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-8). Species diversity of the observed porifera was 0.45.

Table 8: Chaetognatha of project site and adjoining coastal areas Sl. No. Scientific Name Phylum: CHAETOGNATHA Class: SAGITTOIDEA Order: APHRAGMOPHORA Family: SAGITTIDAE Genus: Sagitta 1. Sagitta bedoti Beraneck, 1895 2. Sagitta enflata Grassi, 1881 3. Sagitta ferox Doncaster, 1903 4. Sagitta hexaptera d’ Orbigny, 1834 5. Sagitta neglecta Alda, 1897 6. Sagitta pacifica Tokioka, 1940 7. Sagitta pulchra Doncaster, 1903 8. Sagitta regularis Aida, 1897 9. Sagitta robusta Doncaster, 1903 Family: PTEROSAGITTIDAE Genus: Pterosagitta 10. Pterosagitta draco (Krohn) 1853 Family: KROHNITTIDAE Genus: Krohnitta 11. Krohnitta pacifica (Aida) 1897 12. Krohnitta subtilis (Grassi) 1881 Species diversity (H'):0.65

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Nematods A total of 20 of nematods under 11 families were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-9). Species diversity of the observed porifera was 0.77.

Table 9: Nematods of project site and adjoining coastal areas Scientific Name Family: Ironidae 1. Trissonchulus oceanus Family: Oxystominidae 2. Halalaimus filum 3. Halalaimus gracilis Family: Oncholaimidae 4. Viscosia viscose 5. Adoncholaimus fuscus Family: Comesomatidae 6. Sabatieria falcifera Family: Cyatholaimidae 7. Paracanthonchus elongates Family: Selachnematidae 8. Halichoanolaimus dolichurus Family: Desmodoridae 9. Metachromadora remanei 10. Desmodora (D.) sanguine 11. Desmodora (D.) tenuispiculum 12. Spirinia (S.) parasitifera Family: Leptolaimidae 13. Camacolaimus barbatus Family: Desmoscolecidae 14. Desmoscolex falcatus Family: Xyalidae 15. Daptonema conicum 16. Daptonema oxycerca 17. Theristus pertenuis 18. Theristus clax Family: Linhomoeidae 19. Metalinhomoeus typicus 20. Terschellingia longicaudata Species diversity (H') : 0.77

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Foraminiferans A total of 5 species foraminiferans were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-10). Species diversity of the observed porifera was 0.18.

Table 10: Foraminiferans of project site and adjoining coastal areas Scientific Name Family: Hauerinidae 1. Quinqueloculina bradyana 2. Quinqueloculina laevigata 3. Quinqueloculina agglutianans 4. Quinqueloculina oblanga 5. Quinqueloculina lamarkiana Species diversity (H') :0.18 Porifera A total of 14 of porifera under 10 genera and 9 families were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-11). Species diversity of the observed porifera was 0.72.

Table 11: Porifera of project site and adjoining coastal areas

PHYLUM: PORIFERA CLASS: DEMOSPONGIA ORDER: HALICHANDRIIDA FAMILY: AXINELLIDAE Ridley and Dendy Genus: Axinella Schmidt, 1862 1. Axinella donnani (Bowerbank, 1873) 2. Axinella flabelliformis (Keller, 1884) Genus: Acanthella Schmidt, 1862 3. Acanthella cavernosa Dendy, 1921 4. Acanthella elongata (Dendy, 1905) ORDER: HAPLOSCLERIDA Topsent FAMILY: PHLOEODICTYIDAE Carter Genus: Oceanapia Norman 5. Oceanapia aremosa Rao, 1941 FAMILY: CHALINIDAE Gray, 1867 Genus: Sigmadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 6. Sigmadocia fibulata (Schmidt, 1862) FAMILY: CALLISPONGIIDAE de Laubenfels Genus: Callispongia Duchassaing and Michelotti 7. Callispongia diffusa (Ridley, 1884) ORDER: DENDROCERATIDA FAMILY: DARUINELLIDAE Moerkowsky, 1879

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Genus: Dendrilla de Laubenfeld 8. Dendrilla membranosa (Pallas, 1766) FAMILY: DYSIDEIDAE Genus: Sponginella Bowerbank, 1862 9. Spongionella pulvilla (Dendy, 1905) 10. Sponginella tuberosa Burton, 1937 ORDER: HAPLOSCLERIDA FAMILY: HALICHLONIDAE Genus: Haliclona Grant, 1835 11. Halichlona oculata Linnaeus, 1759 ORDER: POECILOSCLERIDA FAMILY: MYCALIDAE Lundbeck, 1905 Genus: Mycale Gray, 1867 12. Mycale (Carmia) madraspatana Annandale, 1914 ORDER: POECILOSCLERIDA FAMILY: TEDANIIDAE Genus: Tedania Gray, 1867 13. Tedania (Tedania) anhelans Lieberkuha, 1859 14. Tedania nigrescens (Schmidt, 1862) Species diversity (H') : 0.72

Hydrozoa A total of 29 of hydroazoans under 19 genera and 11 families were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-12). Species diversity of the observed porifera was 1.22.

Table 12: Hydrozoans of project site and adjoining coastal areas Sl. No. Scientific Name with Classification Class: HYDROZOA Order: SIPHONOPHORA Eschscholtz, 1829 Sub-order: CRYSTONECTAE Haeckel, 1888 Family: PHYSALIDAE Brandt, 1835 Genus: Physalia 1. Genus: Physalia physalis ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Family: RHIZOPHYSIDAE Brandt, 1835 Genus: Rhizophysidae Brandt, 1835 2. Rhizophysa eysenhardti Gagenbaur, 1859 Sub-order: PHYSONECTAE Haeckel, 1888 Family: APOLEMIIDAE Huxley, 1859 Genus: Agalma Eschscholtz, 1825 3. Agalma okeni Eschscholtz, 1825 4. Agalma elegans (Sars, 1846 ) Genus: Halistemma Huxley, 1859 5. Halistemma rubrum ( Vogt, 1852 ) Genus: Nanomia A.Agassiz, 1865 6. Nanomia bijuga ( Delle chiaje ,1841 )

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Family: FORSKALIIDAE Haeckel,1888 Genus: Forskalia Kolliker,1853 7. Forskalia leuckarti Bedot,1893 Family: DIPHYIDAE Quoy and Gaimard, 1827 SubFamily: SULCULEOLARIINAE Totton,1954 Genus: Sulculeolaria Blainville, 1834 8. Sulculeolaria chuni ( Lens and van Reimsdijk, 1908) 9. Sulculeolaria quadrivalvisde Blainville,1834 10. Sulculeolaria turgida ( Gagenbaur,1853 ) 11. Sulculeolaria monoica ( Chun,1888 ) Genus: Eudoxia Eschscholtz,1825 12. Eudoxoides mitra ( Huxley, 1859 ) Genus: Diphyes Cuvier, 1817 13. Diphyes dispar Chamisso and Eysenhardt, 1921 14. Diphyes bojani ( Eschscholtz, 1825 ) 15. Diphyes chamissonis Huxley, 1859 Genus: lensia Totton, 1932 16. Lensia subtiloides ( Lens and Van Reimsdijk, 1908 ) 17. Lensia Cossack Totton, 1941 18. Lensia hotspur Totton, 1941 19. Lensia gnanamuthui Daniel and Daniel, 1963 20. Lensia tottoni Daniel and Daniel, 1963 Genus: Muggiaea Busch, 1851 21. Muggiaea contorta ( Lens and van Reimsdijk, 1908 ) Genus: Chelophyes Moser, 1925 22. Chelophyes contorta ( Lens and van Reimsdijk, 1908 ) Family: ABYLIDAE L.Agassiz, 1862 Sub-Family: ABYLINAE L.Agassiz, 1862 Genus: Ceratocymba Chun, 1888 23. Ceratocymba leuckartii ( Huxley, 1859 ) Sub-Family: ABYLOPSINAE Totton, 1954 Genus: Abylopsis Chun, 1888 24. Abylopsis tetragona ( Otto, 1823 ) 25. Abylopsis eschscholtzi ( Huxley, 1859 ) Genus: Bassia L.Agassiz, 1862 26. Bassia bassenis (Quoy and gaimard, 1834) Genus: Enneagonum Quoy and gaimard, 1827 27. Enneagonum hyalinum Quoy and Gaimard, 1827 SubOrder: CHONDROPHORA (Chamisso and Eysenhardt, 1821 ) Family: PORPITIDAE Brandt, 1835 Genus: Porpira Lamarck, 1801 28. Porpita porpita ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Family: VELELLIDAE Brandt, 1835 Genus: Velella lamarck, 1801 29. Vellella velella Linnaeus, 1758 Species Diversity (H'): 1.22

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Scyphomedusae A total of 32 of scyphomeduae under 23 genera and 17 families were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-13). Species diversity of the observed Scyphomedusae was 1.52. Table 13: Scyphomedusae of project site and adjoining coastal areas Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Scyphozoa Scyphomedusae Lankaster, 1881 Order : Cubomedusae, Haeckel, 1880 Family : Charybeidae Gegenbaur, 1856 Genus : Charybdeidae Peron & Lesueur, 1809 1.Charybdea adraspatana Menon, 1930 Genus : Tamoya Muller, 1859 2. Tamoya alata (Reynaud, 1830) Family : Chirodropidae Haeckel, 1880 Genus : Chiropsalmus L. Agassiz, 1862 3.Chiropsalmus quadrumanus ( Muller , 1859 ) 4.Chiroplasmus buitendijki Horst , 1907 Order : Coronatae Vanhoffen, 1892 Family: Periphyllidae Sensu Claus , 1886 Genus : Periphylla Steenstrup, 1837 5.Periphylla hyacinthina Steenstrup,1837 Family : Ephyropsidae Claus, 1883 Genus : Nausithoe Kolliker, 1853 6.Nausithoe punctata Kolliker, 1853 Family : Collaspidae Haeckel , 1880 =Atollidae Bigelow ,1909 Genus : Atolla Haeckel , 1980 7.Atolla wyvillei Haeckel, 1880 Order : Semaeostomeae L. Agassiz, 1862 Family : Pelagiidae Gegenbaur, 1856 Genus : Pelagia Peron & Lesueur, 1809 8.Pelagia noctiluca (Forskal, 1775) Genus : Chrysaora Peron & Leuseur, 1809 9.Chrysaora helvola Brandt, 1838 10.Chrysaora melanaster Brandt, 1838 Genus : Dactylometra L. Agassiz, 1862 11. Dactylometra quinquecirrha (L. Agassiz, 1862) Family :Cyaneidae L. Agassiz,1862. Genus: Cyanea Peron and Lesueur,1809 12.Cyanea nozakii Kishnouye,1891 Family : Ulmaridae Haeckel, 1880 Sub Family : Aurelia L. Agassiz, 1862 Genus : Aurelia Peron & Lesueur, 1809 13..Aurelia solida Browne, 1905

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Order : Rhizostomeae Cuvier, 1799 Sub order : Kolpophorae Stiasny, 1921 Tribe: Kamplylomyariae Stiasny, 1921 Family : Cassiopeidae Stiasny, 1921 Genus : Cassiopea Peron & Lesueur, 1809 14.Cassiopea frondosa Lamarck,1816 15.Cassiopea andromeda maldivensis Browne, 1905 Tribe : Actinomyariae Stiasny, 1921 Family : Cepheidae Stiasny, 1921 Genus : Netrostoma Schultz, 1898 16.Netrostoma typhlodendrium Schultze,1898 17.Netrostoma coerulescens Maas,1903 Trib : Krikomyariae Stiasny, 1921 Family : Mastigiidae Stiasny, 1921 Genus : Mastigias L.Agassiz, 1862 18.Mastigias ocellata ( Modeer , 1791 ) 19.Mastigias albipunctatus Stiasny, 1921 20.Mastigias papua Sibogae Maas,1903 Genus :Mastigietta Stiasny,1921 21.Mastigietta palmipes ( Haeckel,1880 ) Family: Versuridae Genus :Versura Haeckel ,1880 22.Versura anadyomene ( Maas ,1903 ) Family : Leptobranchidae Stiasny,1921 Genus : Thysanostoma L. Agassiz, 1862 23.Thysanostoma thysanura Haeckel , 1880 Sub order : Dactyliophorae Stiasny, 1921 Tribe : Inscapulatae Stiasny, 1921 Family : Catostylidae Stiasny, 1921 Genus : Crambionella Stiasny, 1921 24.Crambionella stuhlmanni (Chun 1896) 25.Crambionella orsini Vanhoffen, 1888 26.Crambionella annandalei Rao, 1931 Genus : Acromitus Light, 1914 27.Acromitus flagellatus(Stiasny, 1921) 28.Acromitus rabanchatu Annandale ,1915 Family : Lobonomudae Stiasny, 1921 Genus : Lobonema Mayer, 1910 29..Lobonema smithii Mayer, 1910 Genus : Lobonemoides Light, 1914 30.Lobonemoides sewelli Rao ,1931 31.Lobonemoides robustus Stiasny, 1921 Tribe : Scapulatae Stiasny, 1921 Family : Rhizostomatidae Stiasny, 1921 Genus : Rhopilema Haeckel, 1897 32.Rhopilema hispidum Vanhöffen, 1888

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Species diversity (H') : 1.52

Hydromedusae A total of 27 species of hydromeduae under 21 genera and 8 families were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-14). Species diversity 1.35. Table 14: Hydromedusae of project site and adjoining coastal areas Order : Anthomedusae Family :Tiaridae Genus: Halitiara, Fewkes,1882 1. Halitiara formosa, Fewkes 1882 Genus: Merga, Hartlaub,1913 2. Merga violacea (Agassiz and Mayer,1899) Genus: Amphinema, Haeckel,1897 3. Amphinema dinema (Peron and Lesueur,1809) Genus: Leuckartiara, Hartlaub, 1913 4. Leuckartiara octona (Flemming,1890) Family: Margelidae Genus: Cytaeis Eschscholtz 5. Cytaeis tetrastyla Eschsholtz Genus: Bougainvillia Lesson,1836 6. Bougainvillia fulva Agassiz and Mayer,1899 Genus : Kollikeria L.Agassiz, 1862 7. Kollikeria constricta Menon,1931 Family : Williadae Genus : Proboscidactyla Brandt, 1838 8. Proboscidactyla ornata (Mc Crady) 1857. 9. Proboscidactyla conica, Menon,1931 Order: Leptomedusae Family : Thaumantiadae 10. Staurodiscus tetrastaurus Haeckel,1879`` Family : Eucopidae Genus: Phialucium Mass,1905 11. Phialcium multitentaculata Menon,1931. Genus: Eutima Mc Crady,1857 12.Eutima mira Mc Crady,1857 Genus:Irenopsis Goette,1886 13. Irenopsis hexanemalis, Goette,1886 Genus: Eirene Eschscholtz,1829 14. Eirene malayensis Stiasny 1928. 15. Eirene madrasensis Menon,1931. SubFamily : Octocannoidae Genus: Octocannoides Menon,1931. 16. Octocannoides ocellata Menon,1931. Genus: Octocanna Haeckel, 1879

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

17. Octocanna solida Menon,1931. 18. Octocanna polynema Haeckel,1879. Family : Aequoridae Genus: Aequora Peron and Lesueur,1809 19. Aequorea macrodactyla (Brandt)1899. 20. Aequorea pensili Eschscholtz. 21. Aequorea parva Browne,1905. Genus: Zygocanna Haeckel,1879 22. Zygocanna buitendijki, Stiasny,1928. Order : Trachymedusae Genus : Gonionemus A.Agassiz, 1862 23. Gonionemus suvaensis Agassiz and Mayer,1899 Genus : Olindias F.Muller,1861 24. Olindias singularis Browne,1905. Family:Geryonidae Genus: Liriope Lesson,1843 25. Liriope tetraphylla (Chamisso and Eysenhardt,1828) Order: Narcomedusae Genus: Solmundella Haeckel, sens. Maas 26. Solmundella bitentaculata (Quoy et Gaimard,1833) Genus: Cunoctantha Haeckel,1879 27. Cunoctantha octonaria (Mc Crayd,1857) Species diversity (H') : 1.35

Brachyuran Crabs A total of 57 species of brachyuran crabs under 33 genera and 20 families were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-15). Species diversity was 1.70.

Table 15: Brachyuran crabs of project site and adjoining coastal areas Section:Brachyura Subsection: Dromiacea De Haan, 1839 SuperFamily: Dromiidea Alcock, 1899 Family: Dromidae Alcock, 1899 Genus: Dromia Weber, 1795 1. Dromia dehaani Rathbun, 1923 Genus: Conchoecetes Stimpson, 1858 2. Conchoecetes artificious (Fabricuis, 1798) Subsection: Oxystomata De Haan, 1841 Family: Dorippidae White, 1841 Genus: Dorippe Weber, 1795 3. Dorippe (Dorippe) frascone (Herbst, 1785) Genus: Paradorippe Serene &Romimohtarto

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

4. Paradorippe granulata (De Haan, 1841) Family: Leucosiidae Dana, 1852 SubFamily: Philyrinae Rathbun, 1937 Genus: Arcania Leach, 1817 5. Arcania undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841 6. Arcania quinguespinosa Alcock and Anderson, 1894 7. Arcania septemspinosa De Haan, 1841 8. Arcania erinaceous (Fabricius, 1798) Genus : Myra Leach, 1817 9. Myra fugax (Fabricius, 1798) 10. Myra affinis Bell, 1855 Genus : Ixoides Mac Gilchrist, 1905 11. Ixoides cornutus Mac Gilchrist, 1905 Genus: Ixa Leach, 1815 12. Ixa inermis Leach, 1879 13. Ixa cylindrus (Fabr.) Leach (Fabricinus, 1798) Genus: Parilia Wood-Mason, 1891 14. Parilla alcockii Eood-Mason, 1891 Genus: Philyra Leach, 1817 15. Philyra globosa Fabr. De Haan, 1888 16. Philyra globulosa Edw, 1855 17. Philyra scabriscula (Fabr.) 1855 18. Philyra verrucosa, Hendenson 1893 SubFamily: Leucosinae Miers, 1886 Genus: Leucosia Weber, 1795 19. Leucosia anatum (Herbst, 1783) 20. Leucosia craniolaris (Linnaeus, 1758) 21. Leucosia rhomboidalis De Haan, 1841 22. Leucosia longifronis De Haan, 1841 23. Leucosia pubescensis Miers, 1886 Family : Calappidae Dana, 1852 SubFamily : Calappinae Alcock, 1896 Genus: Calappa Weber, 1795 24. Calappa lophos (Herbst, 1782) 25. Calappa terraerequiiae Ward, 1936 26. Calappa philargius (Linnaeus, 1758) 27. Calappa gallus, Herbst, 1803 28. Calappa japonicas Ortmann, 1892 29. Calappa pustulosa Alcock, 1896 SubFamily : Matutinae Alcock, 1896

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Genus : Matuta weber, 1795 30. Matuta lunaris (Forskal, 1775) 31. Matula plainpes Fabricius, 1798 32. Matula miersi Henderson, 1887 Subsection: Oxyrhyncha Latreille, 1803 Family : Majidae Samoulle, 1819 SubFamily : Pisinae Alcock, 1895 Genus: Inachoides 1838 33. Inachoides dulichorhynchius Alcock and Anderson, 1894 Genus: Naxoides A. Milne Edwards, 1865 34. Naxoides mammillata (Ortmann, 1893) Genus : Phalangipus Latreille, 1825 35. Phalangipus hystrix (Miers, 1836) 36. Phalangipus filliformis Rathbun, 1916 Genus: Chorilibinia Lockington, 1876 37. Chorilibinia andamanica Alcock, 1895 Genus: Hyastenus White, 1847 38. Hyastenus aries (Latr. 1825) Genus: Doclea Leach, 1814 39. Doclea ovis (Herbst 1788) 40. Doclea hybrida (Fabr.) Edw. 1798 41. Doclea muricata (Herbst.)Edw. 42. Doclea canalifera Stimpson, 1853 Family: Parathonopidae Miers, 1897 SubFamily : Parthenopinae Miers, 1879 Genus : Parthenope Weber, 1795 SubGenus : Partheriope Weber, 1795 43. Parathenope(Partheriope) longimanus (Linnaeus, 1764) SubGenus: Platylambrus Stimpson 44. Parathenope (Platylambrus) echinatua (Linnaeus, 1764) SubFamily : Aethrinae Dana, 1852 Genus: Cryptopodia H. Milne Edwards, 1834 45. Cryptopodia fornicata (Fabr.) 46. Cryptopodia angulata Ed. and Lucas,1841 Subsection: Brachyrhyncha Borradile, 1903 Family : Xanthidae Alcock, 1898 SubFamily: Xanthinae Alcock, 1898 Alliance: Halimedoida Alcock, 1898 Genus:Halimeda De Haan, 1835 47. Halimeda octodes (Herbst, 1783)

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Genus: Liagore De Haan, 1833. 48. Liagore rubramaculata De Haan, 1835 Alliance: Xanthoida Alcock, 1898 Genus: Demania Laurie, 1906 49. Demania scaberrima (Walker, 1887) Alliance: Galenoida Alcock, 1898 Genus: Galena De Haan, 1833 50. Galena bispinosa (Herbst, 1765) Genus: Actaea De Haan; 1833 51. Actaea savingyi (H. Milne Edwards,1834) SubFamily: Menippinae Ortmann, 1893 Genus: Ozius H. Milne Edwards, 1834 52. Ozius rugulosus Stimpson, 1858 SubFamily: Piluminae Ortmann, 1893 Alliance: Pilamnoida Alcock, 1898 Genus : Pilumnus Leach, 1845 53. Pilumnus scabriuscular (Fabricius,1793) Family : Goneplacidae Dana, 1851 SubFamily: Carcinoplacinae Miers, 1886 Genus: Carcinoplax H.Milne Edwards,1852 54. Carcinoplax longimana De Haan, 1835 Genus: Homioplan 55. Homioplan haswelli Rathbun, 1914 Genus: Eucrate De Haan, 1835 56. Eucrate sexdentata Haswell, 1881 57. Eucrate crenata De Haan, 1835 Species diversity (H') : 1.70

Echinodermata

A total of 43 species of echinoderms under 29 families were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-16). Species diversity of the echinoderms was 1.87.

Table 16: Echinoderms of Project site and adjoining coastal areas Sl. No. Scientific Name PHYLUM: ECHINODERMATA CLASS : CRINOIDEA ORDER : COMATULIDA FAMILY : MARIAMETRIDA

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

1. Lamprometra palmata J.Muller,1841 FAMILY : TROPIOMETRIDAE 2. Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck,1816) CLASS: ASTEROIDEA ORDER: PAXILLOSIDA FAMILY: LUIDIIAE 3. Luidia hardwicki (Gray, 1840) 4. Luidia maculata Muller & Troschel,1842 FAMILY: ASTROPECTINIDAE 5. Astropecten bengalensis Doderlionu,1917 6. Astropecten indicus Doderlionu, 1917 7. Astropecten zebra Sladen 1883 SUBORDER : VALVATIDA FAMILY : OREASTERIDAE 8. Anthenea pentagonula (Gray,1866) 9. Pentaceraster indicus (Kocala) 10. Pentaceraster regulus (M&T) FAMILY : OPHIDIASTERIDAE 11. Linckia laevigata (Linneaus, 1758)) FAMILY: GONIASTERIDAE 12. Stellaster equestris (Retzius, 1820) Order : Spinulosida FAMILY : ECHINASTERIDAE 13. Echinaster purpurus (Gray, 1840) FAMILY : METRODIRIDAE 14. Metrodira subulata Gray,1840 CLASS: OPHIUROIDEA ORDER: OPHIURIDA FAMILY: OPHIACTIDAE 15. Ophiactis savignyi Muller & Troschel,1842 FAMILY: OPHIOTHRICIDAE 16. Ophiothrix exigua Lyman 17. Ophiocnemis marmorata (Lamarck) 18. Ophiopteron elegans Ludwig, 1888) 19. Ophiothela danae Verrill, 1869 CLASS: ECHINOIDEA ORDER : DIADEMATOIDA FAMILY : DIADEMATIDAE 20. Astropyga radiata (Leske, 1778) ORDER : PHYMOSOMATODA

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

FAMILY : STOMECHINIDAE 21. Stomopneustes variolaris (Lamarck,1816) ORDER: TEMNOPLEUROIDA FAMILY: TEMNOPLEURIDAE 22. Salmacis bicolor L. Agassiz,1841 23. Salmacis virgulata L. Agassiz,1846 FAMILY: TEMNOPLEURIDAE 24. Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske,1778) FAMILY: TOXOPNEUSTIDAE 25. Pseudoboletia maculata Troschel,1869 ORDER: CLYPEASTEROIDA FAMILY: CLYPEASTERIDAE 26. Clypeaster humilis (Leske, 1778) 27. Clypeaster rarispinus de Miijeri,1903 FAMILY: FIBULARIDAE 28. Fibularia volva L. Agassiz 1847 FAMILY: LAGANIDAE 29. Laganum depressum Lesson, 1841 FAMILY: ASTRICLYPEIDAE 30. Echinodiscus aurites Leske, 1778 31. Echinodiscus bisperforatus Leske,1778 Order: CASSIDULOIDA FAMILY: ECHINOLAMPADIDAE 32. Echinolampas ovata (Leske, 1778) ORDER : SPATANGODA FAMILY: SPATANGIDAE 33. Pseudomareia alta (A. Agassez, 1863) FAMILY: LOVENIIDAE 34. Lovenia elongata (Gray, 1845) FAMILY: BRISSIDAE 35. Metalia sternalis (Lamarck, 1816) CLASS: HOLOTHUROIDEA ORDER : ASPIDOCHIROTIDA FAMILY : HOLOTHURIIDAE 36. Bohadschia marmorata Jaeger,1833 37. Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera Theel, 188 ORDER : DENDROCHIROTIDA FAMILY: CUCUMARIIDAE 38. Stolus buccalis (Stimpson, 1855) 39. Leptopentacta imbricata Semper

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

FAMILY: PHYLLOPHORIDAE 40. Phyllophorus (Phyllophorella)parvipedes H.L.Clark 1938 41. Phyllophorus(Urodemella)brocki Ludwig 1888 Order : MOLPADIDA FAMILY: CAUDINIDAE 42. Acaudina molpadiodes (Semper,1868) ORDER : APODIDA FAMILY: SYNAPTIDE 43. Synaptula recta (Semper,1868) Species diversity (H') : 1.87

Marine Fishes A total of 215 species of marine fishes under 121 genera and 71 families were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-17). Among them 35 species were edible fishes. While only 5 species were observed from the project area. Species diversity was 2.91.

Table 17: Marine of Project site and adjoining coastal areas Sl. No. Scientific Names Class CHONDRICHTHYES Order CARCHARHINIFORMES Family CARCHARHINIDAE Genus Carcharhinus

1. Carcharhinus dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1839)

2. Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) Order TORPEDINIFORMES Family NARCINIDAE Genus Narcine 3. Narcine brunnea Annandale, 1909 4. Narcine timlei (Schneider,1801) Family NARKIDAE Genus Narke 5. Narke dipterygia (Schneider, 1801) Order RAJIFORMES Family RHINOBATIDAE Genus Rhynchobatus 6. Rhynchobatus djiddensis (Forsskal, 1775) Family DASYATIDAE

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Genus Dasyatis 7. Dasyatis imbricata (Schneider,1801) Genus Himantura 8. Himantura uarnak (Forsskal, 1775) 9. Himantura walga (Muller and Henle, 1841) Class OSTEICHTHYES Order ANGUILLIFORMES Family MURAENIDAE Genus Thyrsoidea 10. Thyrsoidea macrura (Bleeker, 1854) Family CONGRIDAE Genus Uroconger 11. Uroconger lepturus (Richardson, 1845) Order CLUPEIFORMES Family CLUPEIDAE Genus Dussumieria 12. Dussumieria acuta Valenciennes, 1847 Genus Sardinella 13. Sardinella fimbriata (Valenciennes, 1847) 14. Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) 15. Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847 Family PRISTIGASTERIDAE Genus Ilisha 16. Ilisha megaloptera (Swainson, 1839) 17. Ilisha melastoma (Schneider, 1801) Family ENGRAULIDIDAE Genus Thryssa 18. Thryssa dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1848) 19. Thryssa hamiltonii (Gray, 1835) 20. Thryssa setirostris (Broussonet, 1782) Family CHIROCENTRIDAE Genus Chirocentrus 21. Chirocentrus dorab (Forsskal, 1775) 22. Chirocentrus nudus Swainson, 1839 Order GONORHYNCHIFORMES Family CHANIDAE Genus Chanos 23. Chanos chanos (Forsskal, 1775) Order SILURIFORMES Family ARIIDAE Genus Ariodes 24. Ariodes dussmieri (Valenciennes, 1840) Genus Arius 25. Arius arius (Hamilton, 1822) 26. Arius caelatus Valenciennes, 1840 27. Arius sona (Hamilton, 1822)

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

28. Arius sumatranus (Bennett, 1830) Family PLOTOSIDAE Genus Plotosus 29. Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg,1791) Family SYNODONTIDAE Genus Saurida 30. Saurida micropectoralis Shindo and Yamada,1972 Genus Synodus 31. Synodus indicus (Day, 1873) Genus Trachinocephalus 32. Trachinocephalus myops (Schneider, 1801) Order OPHIDIIFORMES Family CARAPIDAE Genus Carapus 33. Carapus homei (Richardson, 1846) Order LOPHIIFORMES Family ANTENNARIIDAE Genus Antennarius 34. Antennarius hispidus (Bloch and Schneider., 1801) 35. Antennarius nummifer (Cuvier, 1817) Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES Family HEMIRAMPHIDAE Genus Hemiramphus 36. Hemiramphus far (Forsskal,1775) Genus Hyporhamphus 37. Hyporhamphus limbatus (Valenciennes,1846) Family BELONIDAE Genus Tylosurus 38. Tylosurus crocodilus (Peron and LeSuer, 1821) Order PEGASIFORMES Family PEGASIDAE Genus Pegasus 39. Pegasus volitans Linnaeus, 1758 Order SYNGNATHIFORMES Family FISTULARIIDAE Genus Fistularia 40. Fistularia petimba Lacepede, 1803 Family CENTRISCIDAE Genus Centriscus 41. Centriscus scutatus Linnaeus,1753 Family SYNGNATHIDAE Genus Hippichthys 42. Hippichthys cyanospilos (Bleeker, 1854) Genus Hippocampus 43. Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, 1852 Genus Trachyrhamphus

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

44. Trachyrhamphus longirostris Kaup, 1856 45. Trachyrhamphus serratus (Schlegel, 1847) Order DACTYLOPTERIFORMES Family DACTYLOPTERIDAE Genus Dactyloptena 46. Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier, 1829) Order SCORPAENIFORMES Family SCORPAENIDAE Genus Pterois 47. Pterois russellii (Bennett, 1831) 48. Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) Genus Scorpaenopsis 49. Scorpaenopsis roseus (Day, 1867) Family TETRAROGIDAE Genus Tetraroge 50. Tetraroge niger (Cuvier, 1829) Family TRIGLIDAE Genus Lepidotrigla 51. Lepidotrigla riggsi Richards and Saksena, 1977 52. Lepidotrigla spiloptera Gunther, 1880 Family PLATYCEPHALIDAE Genus Grammoplites 53. Grammoplites scaber (Linnaeus, 1758) 54. Grammoplites suppositus (Troschel, 1840) Genus Platycephalus 55. Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Genus Sorsogona 56. Sorsogona tuberculata (Cuvier, 1829) Genus Thysanophrys 57. Thysanophrys celebica (Bleeker, 1854) Order PERCIFORMES Family CENTROPOMIDAE Genus Lates 58. Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) Family AMBASSIDAE Genus Ambassis 59. Ambassis commersoni Cuvier, 1828 60. Ambassis dayi Bleeker, 1874 61. Ambassis urotaenia Bleeker, 1852 Family SERRANIDAE Genus Cephalopholis 62. Cephalopholis formosa (Shaw and Nodder, 1812) Genus Epinephelus 63. Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskal, 1775) 64. Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) 65. Epinephelus undulosus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Family TERAPONIDAE Genus Pelates 66. Pelates quadrilineatus (Bloch, 1790) Genus Terapon 67. Terapon jarbua (Forsskal, 1775) 68. Terapon puta Cuvier, 1829 Family APOGONIDAE Genus Apogon 69. Apogon bandanensis Bleeker, 1854 70. Apogon nigripinnis Cuvier, 1828 71. Apogon quadrifasciatus Cuvier, 1828 72. Apogon taeniatus Ehrenberg, 1828 73. Apogon thurstoni Day, 1888 Genus Apogonichthys 74. Apogonichthys ellioti (Day, 1860) Genus Archamia 75. Archamia lineolata (Ehrenberg, 1828) Family SILLAGINIDAE Genus Sillago 76. Sillago sihama (Forsskal, 1775) 77. Sillago vincenti (McKay, 1980) Family RACHYCENTRIDAE Genus Rachycentron 78. Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) Family ECHENEIDIDAE Genus Echeneis 79. Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758 Genus Remora 80. Remora brachyptera (Lowe, 1839) Family CARANGIDAE Genus Alectis 81. Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1788) 82. Alectis indicus (Ruppell, 1830) Genus Alepes 83. Alepes djedaba (Forsskal, 1775) 84. Alepes melanoptera Swainson, 1839 Genus Atropus 85. Atropus atropos (Bloch,1801) Genus Atule 86. Atule mate (Cuvier, 1833) Genus Carangoides 87. Carangoides armatus (Ruppell, 1830) 88. Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Rupell, 1830) 89. Carangoides chrysophrys (Cuvier, 1833) 90. Carangoides gymnostethus (Cuvier, 1833) 91. Carangoides talamparoides Bleeker, 1852

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Genus Caranx 92. Caranx carangus (Bloch, 1793) 93. Caranx ignobilis (Forsskal, 1775) 94. Caranx para Cuvier, 1833 95. Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy and Gaimard, 1825 Genus Megalaspis 96. Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) Genus Parastromateus 97. Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795) Genus Scomberoides 98. Scomberoides lysan (Forsskal, 1775) 99. Scomberoides tala (Cuvier, 1831) 100. Scomberoides tol (Cuvier, 1832) Genus Seriolina 101. Seriolina nigrofasciata (Ruppell, 1828) Genus Trachinotus 102. Trachinotus mookalee Cuvier,1832 Family LEIOGNATHIDAE Genus Gazza 103. Gazza minuta (Bloch, 1797) Genus Leiognathus 104. Leiognathus berbis (Valenciennes, 1835) 105. Leiognathus bindus (Valenciennes, 1835) 106. Leiognathus blochii (Valenciennes, 1835) 107. Leiognathus brevirostris (Valenciennes, 1835) 108. Leiognathus dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1835) 109. Leiognathus equulus (Forsskal, 1775) 110. Leiognathus fasciatus (Lacepede, 1803) 111. Leiognathus lineolatus (Valenciennes, 1835) 112. Leiognathus splendens (Cuvier, 1829) Genus Secutor 113. Secutor insidator (Bloch, 1787) 114. Secutor ruconius (Hamilton, 1822) Family LUTJANIDAE Genus Lutjanus 115. Lutjanus fulviflemma (Forsskal, 1775) 116. Lutjanus fulvus (Schneider, 1801) 117. Lutjanus madras (Valenciennes, 1831) 118. Lutjanus malabaricus (Schneider, 1802) 119. Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier, 1828) 120. Lutjanus sangauineus (Cuvier, 1828) 121. Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1828) 122. Lutjanus vittus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1845) Family GERREIDAE Genus Gerres 123. Gerres abbreviatus Bleeker, 1850

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

124. Gerres filamentosus Cuvier, 1829 125. Gerres limbatus Cuvier, 1830 126. Gerres lucidus Cuvier,1830 127. Gerres oblongus Cuvier, 1830 128. Gerres oyena (Forsskal, 1775) Genus Pentaprion 129. Pentaprion longimanus (Cantor, 1850) Family HAEMULIDAE Genus Diagramma 130. Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1795) Genus Plectorhinchus 131. Plectorhinchus cuvieri (Bennett, 1830) 132. Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepede, 1802) 133. Plectorhinchus orientalis (Bloch, 1793) 134. Plectorhinchus pictus (Thunberg, 1792) Family LETHRINIDAE Genus Lethrinus 135. Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal, 1775) Family NEMIPTERIDAE Genus Nemipterus 136. Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) 137. Nemipterus nematophorus (Bleeker, 1853) 138. Nemipterus randalli Ruppell, 1986 Genus Scolopsis 139. Scolopsis bimaculatus Ruppell, 1828 140. Scolopsis vosmeri (Bloch, 1792) Family SCIAENIDAE Genus Johnieops 141. Johnieops dussumieri (Cuvier, 1830) Genus Johnius 142. Johnius coitor (Hamilton, 1822) 143. Johnius dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1833) 144. Johnius macropterus (Cuvier, 1830) Family MULLIDAE Genus Parupeneus 145. Parupeneus indicus (Shaw, 1803) Genus Upeneus 146. Upeneus bensasi (Temminck and Schlegel, 1842) 147. Upeneus sulphureus Cuvier, 1829 148. Upeneus tragula Richardson, 1846 149. Upeneus vittatus (Forsskal, 1775) Family MONODACTYLIDAE Genus Monodactylus 150. Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758) Family PEMPHERIDIDAE Genus Pempheris

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

151. Pempheris moluca Cuvier, 1831 Family EPHIPPIDIDAE Genus Ephippus 152. Ephippus orbis (Bloch, 1787) Family PLATACIDAE Genus Platax 153. Platax pinnatus (Linnaeus,1758) Family DREPANIDAE Genus Drepane 154. Drepane punctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Family SCATOPHAGIDAE Genus Scatophagus 155. Scatophagus argus (Bloch, 1766) Family CICHLIDAE Genus Etroplus 156. Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1785) Family CEPOLIDAE Genus Acanthocepola 157. Acanthocepola abbreviata (Valenciennes, 1835) Family MUGILIDAE Genus Liza 158. Liza macrolepis (Smith, 1849) 159. Liza melinoptera (Valenciennes, 1836) 160. Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822) 161. Liza vaigiensis (Qyoy and Gaimard, 1824) Genus Mugil 162. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 Genus Valamugil 163. Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836) Family SPHYRAENIDAE Genus Sphyraena 164. Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier, 1829 165. Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829 166. Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829 Family LABRIDAE Genus Cheilinus 167. Cheilinus bimaculatus Valenciennes, 1840 Genus Xyrichtys 168. Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes, 1840 169. Xyrichtys pentadactylus (Linnaeus, 1758) Family OPISTOGNATHIDAE Genus Opistognathus 170. Opistognathus rosenbergii Bleeker, 1856 Family URANOSCOPIDAE Genus Uranoscopus 171. Uranoscopus cognatus Cantor, 1850

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

172. Uranoscopus guttatus Cuvier, 1829 Family CALLIONYMIDAE Genus Callionymus 173. Callionymus japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 Genus Synchiropus 174. Synchiropus lineolatus (Valenciennes, 1837) Family GOBIIDAE Genus Acentrogobius 175. Acentrogobius ennorensis Menon and Remadevi, 1980 176. Acentrogobius madraspatensis (Day, 1868) 177. Acentrogobius ornatus (Ruppell, 1828) Family TRYPAUCHENIDAE Genus Trypauchen 178. Trypauchen vagina (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Family TRICHIURIDAE Genus Eupleurogrammus 179. Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray, 1831) Genus Lepturacanthus 180. Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier,1829) Genus Trichiurus 181. Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) Family SCOMBRIDAE Genus Rastrelliger 182. Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) Genus Scomberomorus 183. Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepede, 1800) 184. Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 185. Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1831) Family STROMATEIDAE Genus Pampus 186. Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) 187. Pampus chinensis (Euphrasen, 1788) Order PLEURONECTIFORMES Family PSETTODIDAE Genus Psettodes 188. Psettodes erumei (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Family BOTHIDAE Genus Crossorhombus 189. Crossorhombus azureus (Alcock,1889) 190. Crossorhombus valderostratus (Alcock, 1890) Genus Laeops 191. Laeops guntheri Alcock, 1890 Genus Pseudorhombus 192. Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton, 1822)

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

193. Pseudorhombus elevatus Ogilby, 1912 Family CYNOGLOSSIDAE Genus Cynoglossus 194. Cynoglossus arel (Schneider, 1801) 195. Cynoglossus bilineatus (Lacepede, 1802) 196. Cynoglossus macrostomus Norman, 1928 197. Cynoglossus punticeps (Richardson, 1846) 198. Cynoglossus semifasciatus Day, 1877 Genus Paraplagusia 199. Paraplagusia bilineata (Bloch, 1784) Family SOLEIDAE Genus Aesopia 200. Aesopia cornuta Kaup, 1858 Genus Euryglossa 201. Euryglossa orientalis (Bloch, 1801) Genus Solea 202. Solea elongata Day, 1877 203. Solea ovata Richardson, 1846 Genus Zebrias 204. Zebrias quagga (Kaup, 1858) Order TETRAODONTIFORMES Family TRIACANTHIDAE Genus Pseudotriacanthus 205. Pseudotriacanthus striglifer (Cantor, 1849) Genus Triacanthus 206. Triacanthus brevirostris Schlegel, 1850 Family BALISTIDAE Genus Abalistes 207. Abalistes stellatus (Lacepede, 1798) Genus Canthidermis 208. Canthidermis maculatus (Bloch, 1786) Family TETRAODONTIDAE Genus Arothron 209. Arothron hispidus Linnaeus, 1758 210. Arothron immaculatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 211. Arothron stellatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Genus Chelonodon 212. Chelonodon patoca (Hamilton, 1822) Genus Lagocephalus 213. Lagocephalus inermis (Schlegel, 1850) 214. Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Genus Torquigener 215. Torquigener hypselogeneion (Bleeker, 1852) Species diversity (H') : 2.91

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Reptiles A total of 12 species of reptiles under 8 genera and 3 families were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-18). Among these 12 specis, only one species of turtle i.e. Lepidochelys olivacea and lizard i.e. Varanus bengalensis was reported from the adjoining study areas. Species diversity of the reptiles was 0.84 during the study period.

Table 18: Reptiles of Chennai Coast Sl. No. Scientific Name CLASS : REPTILIA Turtles: ORDER : TESTUDINES SUBORDER : CRYPTODIRA FAMILY : CHELONIDAE Genus: Lepidochelys 1. Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz,1829)

Lizards:

ORDER : SQUAMATA SUBORDER : SAURIA FAMILY : VARANIDAE Genus: Varanus 2. Varanus bengalensis (Daudin,1802)

Snakes:

SUBORDER : SERPENTES FAMILY : HYDROPHIIDAE Genus: Enhydrina 3. Enhydrina schistosa (Daudin,1803) 4. Hydrophis spiralis (Shaw,1802) 5. Hydrophis cyanocinctus Daudin,1803 6. Hydrophis caerulescens (Shaw,1802) 7. Hydrophis fasciatus (Schneider,1799) Genus: Lapemis 8. Lapemis curtus (Shaw,1802) Genus: Microcephalophis 9. Hydrophis gracilis (Shaw,1802) Genus: Pelamis 10. Pelamis platurus (Linnaeus,1766)

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Genus: Kerilia 11. Kerilia jerdoni Gray,1849 Genus: Praescutata 12. Praescutata viperina (Schmidt,1852) Species diversity (H'): 0.84

Terrestrial Odonates A total of 21 species of odonates were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table- 19). The species diversity of the odonates was 1.12.

Table 19: Odonates of Chennai Coast and adjoining areas Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name 1. Common Clubtail Icthinogompus rapax 2. Blue -tailed Green Darner Anax guttatus 3. Blue Darner Anax immaculifrons 4. Brown Darner Gynacantha dravida 5. Ditch Jewel Brachythemis contaminata 6. Granite Ghost Bradinopyga geminate 7. Ruddy Marsh Skimmer Crocothemis servilia 8. Ground Skimmer Diplocodes trivialis 9. Asiatic Blood Tail Lathrecista asiatica 10. Green Marsh Hawk Orthetrum sabina 11. Wandering Glider Pantala flavescens 12. Common Picture Wing Rhyothemis variegata 13. Coral-tailed Cloud Wing Tholymis tillarga 14. Red Marsh Trotter Tramea basilaris 15. Black Stream Glider Trithemis festiva 16. Golden Dartlet Ischnura aurora 17. Pigmy Dartlet Agriocnemis pygmaea 18. Orange Tailed Marsh Dart Ceriagrion cerinorubellum 19. Coromandel Marsh Dart Ceragrion coromandelianum 20. Senegal Golden Dartlet Ischnura senegalensis 21. Blue Grass Darlet Pseudagrion icrocephalumcynalum Species diversity (H') 1.12

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Butterflies A total of 55 species of butterflies were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-20). The species diversity of the butterflies was 2.31.

Table 20: Butterflies of Chennai Coast and adjoining areas

Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name 1. Common Banded Awl Hasora chromus 2. Common Awl Hasora badra 3. Common Spotted Flat Celaenorrhinus leucocera 4. Indian Grizzled Skipper Spialia galba 5. Common Small Flat Sarangesa dasahara 6. Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon 7. Common Jay Graphium doson 8. Tailed Green Jay Graphium agamemnon 9. Common Mormon Papilio polytes 10. Lime Butterfly Papillio demoleus 11. Common Rose Atrophaneura aristolochiae 12. Crimson Rose Atrophaneura hector 13. One Spot Grass Yellow Eurema andersonii 14. Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe 15. Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe 16. Small Salmon Arab Colotis amata 17. Crimson Tip Colotis danae 18. Small Orange Tip Colotis etrida 19. Great Orange Tip Hebomoia glaucippe 20. Common Wanderer Pareronia valeria 21. Striped Albatross Appias libythea 22. Common Gull Cepora nerissa 23. Common Jezebel Delias eucharis 24. Common Pierrot Castalius rosimon 25. Tiny Grass Blue Zizula hylax 26. African Babul Blue Azanus jesous 27. Plum Judy Abisara echerius 28. Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace 29. Dark Blue Tiger Tirumala septentrionis 30. Common Tiger Danaus genutia 31. Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

32. Double Branded Crow Euploea sylvester 33. Common Crow Euplea core 34. Common Nawab Polyura athamas 35. Black Rajah Charaxes solon 36. Twany Coster Acraea terpsicore 37. Common Leopard Phalanta phalantha 38. Common Sailer Neptis hylas 39. Common Baron Euthalia aconthea 40. Common Castor Ariadne merione 41. Spotted Joker Byblia ilithyia 42. Painted Lady Vanessa cardui 43. Blue Pansy Junonia orithiya 44. Yellow Pansy Junonia hierta 45. Chocolate Pansy Junonia iphita 46. Grey Pansy Junonia atlites 47. Peacock Pansy Junonia almana 48. Lemon Pansy Junonia lemonias 49. Great Eggfly Hypolimnas bolina 50. Danaid Eggfly Hypolimnas misippus 51. Indian Sunbeam Curetis thetis 52. Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia 53. Common Castor Ariadna merione 54. Oriental Grass Jewell Freyeria putli 55. Indian Lime Blue Chilades lajus Species diversity (H') 2.31

Amphibia A total of 10 species of amphibians were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table-21). The species diversity of the amphibians was 0.95.

Table 21: Amphibia of Chennai Coast and adjoining area

Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name 1. Common Indian Toad Bufo melanostictus 2. Indian Painted Frog Kaloula taprobanica 3. Ornate Narrow mouthed Frog Microhyla ornata 4. Marbled Narrow mouthed Frog Ramanella variegata

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

5. Marbled Balloon Frog Uperodon systoma 6. Common Tree Frog Polypedates maculatus 7. Skipper or Skittering Frog Euphlyctis cyanophlytis 8. Indian Pond or Green Frog Euphlyctis hexadactylus 9. Indian Bull Frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus 10. Southern Burrowing Frog Tomopterna rolandae Species diversity (H') 0.95

Reptiles A total of 16 species of reptiles were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table- 22 ). The species diversity of the reptiles was 1.23.

Table 22: Reptiles of Chennai Coast and adjoining areas

Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name 1. Indian Flapshell Turtle Lissemys punctata 2. Southern House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus

3. Northern House Gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis 4. Brook's Gecko Hemidactylus brooki 5. Bark Gecko Hemidactylus leschenaulti 6. Common Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor 7. Snake Skink Lygosoma punctata 8. Common Skink Mabuya carinata 9. Brown skink Mabuya macularia 10. Common Worm or Blind Snake Typhlina bramina 11. Common Ratsnake Ptyas mucosus 12. Indian Bronzeback Tree Snake Dendrelaphis tristis 13. Checkered Keelback Xenochrophis piscator 14. Common Green or Vine Snake Ahaetulla nasutus Common Wolf Snake Lycodon aulicus 15. 16. Indian Cobra Naja naja

Species diversity (H') 1.23

Birds A total of 84 species of birds under 72 genera and 53 families were reported from the coastal areas of Chennai (Table -23). The species diversity of birds was 2.54.

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Table 23: Birds of Chennai Coast Sl. No. Scientific Name Common Name Class AVES Order PODICIPEDIFORMES Family PODICIPEDIDAE Genus Tachybaptus 1. Tachybaptus ruficollis (Pallas, 1764) Little Grebe Order PELECANIFORMES Family PHALACROCORACIDAE Genus Phalacrocorax 2. Phalacrocorax niger (Vieillot, 1817) Little Cormorant Order SULIFORMES Family ANHINGIDAE Genus Anhinga 3. Anhinga melanogaster Pennant, 1769 Darter Order PELECANIFORMES Family ARDEIDAE Genus Ardea 4. Ardea cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 Grey Heron 5. Ardea purpurea (Linnaeus, 1766) Purple Heron Genus Butorides 6. Butorides striatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Little Green Heron Genus Ardeola 7. Ardeola grayii (Sykes, 1832) Indian Pond Heron Genus Bubulcus 8. Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) Cattle Egret Genus Mesophoyx 9. Mesophoyx intermedia (Wagler, 1827) Median Egret Genus Egretta 10. Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766) Little Egret Genus Nycticorax 11. Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus, 1758) Black-crowned Night Heron Order CICONIIFORMES Family CICONIIDAE Genus ycteria 12. Mycteria leucocephala (Pennant, 1769) Painted Stork Order ANSERIFORMES Family ANATIDAE Genus Anas 13. Anas acuta Linnaeus, 1758 Northern Pintail 14. Anas poecilorhyncha Forster, 1781 Spot-billed Duck 15. Anas querquedula Linnaeus, 1758 Garganey 16. Anas clypeata Linnaeus, 1758 Northern Shoveller Order ACCIPITRIFORMES Family ACCIPITRIDAE

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Order FALCONIFORMES Family ACCIPITRIDAE Genus Milvus 17. Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783) Black Kite Order ACCIPITRIFORMES Family ACCIPITRIDAE Genus Accipiter 18. Accipiter badius Gmelin, 1788 Shikra Family FALCONIDAE Genus Falco 19. Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758 Common Kestrel Order GRUIFORMES Family RALLIDAE Genus Amaurornis 20. Amaurornis phoenicurus Pennant, 1769 White-breasted Water- hen Genus Gallicrex 21. Gallicrex cinerea (Gmelin, 1789) Watercock Genus Gallinula 22. Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Moorhen Genus Porphyrio 23. Porphyrio porphyrio (Linnaeus, 1758) Purple Moorhen Genus Fulica 24. Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758 Common Coot Order CHARADRIIFORMES Family JACANIDAE Genus Hydrophasianus 25. Hydrophasianus chirurgus (Scopoli, 1786) Pheasant-tailed Jacana Order CHARADRIIFORMES Family CHARADRIIDAE Genus Vanellus 26. Vanellus indicus (Boddaert, 1783) Red-wattled Lapwing 27. Vanellus malarbaricus (Boddaert, 1783) Yellow-wattled Lapwing Genus Pluvialis 28. Pluvialis fulva (Gmelin, 1789) Pacific Golden Plover 29. Genus Charadrius 30. Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus, 1758 Common Ringed Plover 31. Charadrius dubius Scopoli, 1786 Little Ringed Plover 32. Charadrius alexandrines Linnaeus, 1758 Kentish Plover 33. Charadrius mongolus Pallas, 1776 Lesser Sand Plover Family SCOLOPACIDAE Genus Limosa 34. Limosa limosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Black-tailed Godwit Genus Tringa 35. Tringa totanus (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Redshank 36. Tringa stagnatilis (Bechstein, 1803) Marsh Sandpiper

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

37. Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus, 1767) Common Greenshank 38. Tringa ochropus Linnaeus, 1758 Green Sandpiper Genus Actitis 39. Actitis hypoleucos Linnaeus, 1758 Common Sandpiper Genus Gallinago 40. Gallinago gallinago (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Snipe Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE Genus Himantopus 41. Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758) Black-winged Stilt Family BURHINIDAE Genus Burhinus 42. Burhinus oedicnemus (Linnaeus, 1758) Stone-Curlew Family STERNIDAE Genus Chlidonias 43. Chlidonias hybridus (Pallas, 1811) Whiskered Tern Genus Sterna 44. Sterna aurantia Gray,JE, 1831 River Tern Order COLUMBIFORMES Family COLUMBIDAE Genus Columba 45. Columba livia Gmelin, 1789 Blue Rock Pigeon Genus Streptopelia 46. Streptopelia chinensis (Scopoli, 1768) Spotted Dove Order PSITTACIFORMES Family PSITTACULIDAE Genus Psittacula 47. Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769) Rose-ringed Parakeet Order CUCULIFORMES Family CUCULIDAE Genus Clamator 48. Clamator coromandus (Linnaeus, 1766) Red-winged Crested Cuckoo 49. Clamator jacobinus Boddaert, 1783 Pied Crested Cuckoo Genus Hierococcyx 50. Hierococcyx varius (Vahl, 1797) Barinfever Bird Genus Eudynamys 51. Eudynamys scolopacea (Linnaeus, 1758) Asian Koel Genus Centropus 52. Centropus sinensis (Stephens, 1815) Greater Coucal Order STRIGIFORMES Family TYTONIDAE Genus Tyto 53. Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769) Barn Owl Family STRIGIDAE Genus Athene 54. Athene brama (Temminck, 1821) Spotted Owlet

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Order APODIFORMES Family APODIDAE Genus Cypsiurus 55. Cypsiurus balasiensis Gray,JE, 1829 Asian Palm Swift Genus Apus 56. Apus affinis (JE Gray, 1830) House Swift Order CORACIIFORMES Family CERYLIDAE Genus Ceryle 57. Ceryle rudis (Linnaeus, 1758) Lesser Pied Kingfisher Family ALCEDINIDAE Genus Alcedo 58. Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus, 1758) Small Blue Kingfisher Family HALCYONIDAE Genus Halcyon 59. Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758) White-Breasted Kingfisher Family MEROPIDAE Genus Merops 60. Merops orientalis Latham, 1802 Small Bee-eater 61. Merops philippinus Linnaeus, 1766 Blue-tailed Bee-eater Family CORACIIDAE Genus Coracias 62. Coracias benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Indian Roller Family UPUPIDAE Genus Upupa 63. Upupa epops Linnaeus, 1758 Common Hoopoe Order PICIFORMES Family MEGALAIMIDAE Genus Megalaima 64. Megalaima haemacephala Statius Muller, 1776 Coppersmith Barbet Family PICIDAE Genus Dinopium 65. Dinopium benghalense (Linnaeus, 1758) Lesser Golden-backed Woodpecker Order PASSERIFORMES Family PITTIDAE Genus Pitta 66. Pitta brachyura (Linnaeus, 1766) Indian Pitta Family LANIIDAE Genus Lanius 67. Lanius vittatus Valenciennes, 1826 Bay-backed Shrike Family ORIOLIDAE Family DICRURIDAE Genus Dicrurus 68. Dicrurus macrocercus (Vieillot, 1817) Black Drongo

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Family STURNIDAE Genus Acridotheres 69. Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus, 1766) Common Myna Family CORVIDAE Genus Dendrocitta 70. Dendrocitta vagabunda (Latham, 1790) Indian Treepie Genus Corvus 71. Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817 House Crow 72. Corvus macrorhynchos Wagler, 1827 Jungle Crow Family PYCNONOTIDAE Genus Pycnonotus 73. Pycnonotus jocosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Red-whiskered Bulbul 74. Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus, 1766) Red-vented Bulbul 75. Pycnonotus luteolus (Lesson, 1841) White-browed Bulbul Family LEIOTHRICHIDAE Genus Turdoides 76. Terpsiphone paradisi (Linnaeus, 1758) Asian Paradise- Flycatcher Family CISTICOLIDAE Genus Orthotomus 77. Orthotomus sutorius (Pennant, 1769) Common Tailorbird Family MUSCICAPIDAE Genus Copsychus 78. Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus, 1758) Oriental Magpie Robin Family MOTACILLIDAE Genus Motacilla 79. Motacilla cinerea Tunstall, 1771 Grey Wagtail 80. Motacilla maderaspatensis Gmelin, 1789 Large Pied Wagtail Order PASSERIFORMES Family DICAEIDAE Genus Diaeum 81. Dicaeum erythrorhynchos (Latham, 1790) Tickell’s Flowerpecker Family NECTARINIIDAE Genus Nectarinia 82. Nectarinia zeylonica (Linnaeus, 1766) Purple-rumped Sunbird 83. Nectarinia asiatica (Latham, 1790) Purple Sunbird Family PASSERIDAE Genus Passer 84. Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) House Sparrow Species diversity (H') 2.54

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

Mammals A total of 11 species of birds under 13 genera and 9 families were reported from the the project site and adjoining coastal areas of Chennai (Table-24). The species diversity of mammals was 0.90. Table 24: Mammals of project site and adjoining coastal area Sl. No. Scientific Name Common Name Class MAMMALIA Linnaeus, 1758 Order RODENTIA Bowdich, 1821 Family MURIDAE Illiger, 1811 Genus Tatera Lataste, 1882 1. Tatera indica (Hardwicke, 1807) Indian Gerbille Genus Rattus Fischer de Waldheim, 1803 2. Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) House Rat Genus Mus Linnaeus, 1758 3. Mus Musculus Linnaeus, 1758 House Mouse 4. Mus booduga (Gray, 1837) Liitle Indian Field Mouse Genus Bandicota Gray, 1873 5. Bandicota indica (Bechstein, 1800) Large Bandicoot Family SCIURIDAE Fischer de Waldheim, 1817 Genus Fanambulus Lesson, 1835 6. Funambulus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1766) Three Striped Palm Squirrel Order SORICOMORPHA Gregory, 1910 Family SORICIDAE G. Fischer, 1814 Genus Suncus Ehrenberg, 1832 7. Suncus murinus (Linnaeus, 1766) House Shrew Order CHIROPTERA Blumenbach, 1779 Family PTEROPODIDAE Gray, 1821 Genus Cynopterus F. Cuvier, 1824 8. Cynopterus brachyotis (Müller, 1838) Lesser Short-nosed Fruit bat Family MEGADERMATIDAE Genus Megaderma (E. Geoffroy, 1810) 9. Megaderma lyra E. Geoffroy, 1810 Greater False Vampire Order CARNIVORA Bowdich, 1821 Family HERPESTINAE Bonaparte, 1845 Genus Herpestes Illiger, 1811 10. Herpestes edwardsi (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818) Grey Mangoose Order PRIMATES Linnaeus, 1758 Family CERCOPITHECIDAE Gray, 1821 Genus Macaca Lacépède, 1799 11. Maccaca radiata (É. Geoffroy, 1812) Bonnet Macaque Species diversity (H') 0.90

SIGNIFICANT OBSERVATIONS

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

The significant observations made during the survey have been summarized below. 1. The maximum depth of the proposed project site is 5.2m at the proximal end within 500m of BMH, while the depth is 51.3 m at the 12 nautical miles distal part of cable lining area. 2. The pH of water was within the range of 7.9 to 8.2 at the area of 500m radius whereas the range was 8.0 to 8.3 up to the 12 nautical miles area. 3. The salinity was in between 23 to 26 ppt within the 500 m of BMH however, 28 to 30 ppt up to 12 nautical miles area. 4. Transparency of the water column ranges from 0.58 to 1.76 m within the 500 m of BMH while 1.94 to 6.32m in deeper waters. 5. Sea surface temperature was maximum 31.7ºC while minimum 31.2 ºC within the 500m of BMH and 34.6 ºC to 35.2 ºC up to the area of 12 nautical miles. 6. Seasonal swarming of jelly fishes was observed. 7. No macro benthos were observed except few species of mollusks like Turritella sp.,Harpa sp., Siliqua radiata, Donax sp., Sunatta effosa, Cardium sp., Solen sp. with the density of 3individuals/ m2 from the study area. 8. Surveys also revealed that 35 species of fishes of which 5 species are edible were observed. 9. Macro-benthic components like amphipods, isopods, ostracodes, foraminifera, copepods and polychaetes were also observed in the sediment samples. 10. Zooplankton samples collected from the study areas indicated that, copepods are the dominant group which represents about 60% of the total zooplanktonic composition followed by foraminifera and turberllarian in addition to mew plankton such fish larvae, echinoderm larvae, cirriped larvae were also observed among zooplankton. 11. The numeric density of zooplankton ranges from 3000-7000 individual/100m3 with the volume of 0.9 to 235ml/100m3. 12. Present study revealed about 70 species of phytoplankton of which Coscinodisucs, Prorocentrum, Nitzschia, Fragillaria, Ceratium, Thalassiothrix were the dominant groups of diatoms were observed during the study. 13. It is pertinent to mention that 7 species of sea snakes were observed from the study area out of the reported 12 species of sea snakes.

Report/ ZSI, MBRC 2014 REIA studies for the 500m around Beach Main Hole (BMH) and 50m on either side of cable laid "upto 12 nautical mile" at Santhome Beach, Chennai

14. Earlier studies conducted by ZSI in this region reported the sighting of Dolphins and Turtles from the proposed alignment for laying undersea cable.

EXPECTED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 1. Turbidity: Ploughing of the submarine cable at sea bed, especially in shallow waters, may lead to generation of turbidity due to suspension of sea bed sediments. To minimize the impacts, cable should be laid during high tide so as the sediments settle down along with the water currents as soon as they are disturbed. 2. Noise pollution: There is no high noise levels associated with the cable laying process. However, a very low frequency, less than approximately 10 Hz, is employed during the cable laying process which ceases as soon as the cable comes to rest on the bottom of the sea bed. Noise generation from barge and cable laying operation is short term and temporary. Further to minimize the impacts it should be ensured that vessel design meets IMO specifications. 3. Oil Spillage: It is also predicted that the possibility on the spillage of oil and petroleum products from boats to be used for laying cable on the near shore area. It should be ensured that all the boats should meet out the regulation lay down by IMO in order to reduce or restrict oil pollution. 4. Ballast Water management: Discharge of sewage water onboard, ballast water or leakage/spillage of oil from barge/equipment may lead to water pollution so the vessel laying the cable should conforms to IMO/MARPOL standards in relation to waste management and ballast water management. This includes general requirements over the control of waste oil, engine oil discharges and grey and black waste water discharges; prevention of pollution by garbage from ships and prevention of air pollution; and operating procedures for dealing with incidents such as oil and waste spillages that potentially may threaten the marine environment. 5. Lighting: The operation of cable line should be made only during the day time as illumination from vessels may attract phototaxis organisms such as cephalopods, exoceotes etc. from the marine environment and insects from terrestrial habitat, which may endanger their lives.

Sehdong Shipping Co., Ltd.

PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

1 Objectives When shipboard emergency situation happens, the objectives of this procedure is to minimize company loss and human injury damage by defining that how to quickly and smoothly handle the accident and avoid.

2 Identification of Emergency Accident

2.1 Definition of Emergency Accident 1) Among accidents causing hindrance to ship‟s safe operation, loss of seaworthiness and operation loss, those impossible to sustain ship‟s safe operation and to remedy the situation by her own efforts or those accidents requiring swift support or advice from shore through the Company in taking necessary action for minimizing the casualty. 2) Other similar or identical accidents Master deems emergency situation.

2.1.1 Life Casualty 1) Death and/or missing of crew (including passenger and stevedore) 2) Accident that is resulting in serious illness or injury that may be lethal or may induce serious aftereffect by delayed treatment until calling at the first immediate port.

2.1.2 Cargo Accident 1) Accident that has caused loss of ship‟s safe operation or seaworthiness due to collapse of cargo stowage. 2) Accident of dangerous cargo that may cause serious secondary damages including explosion, fire, life casualty and hull damages etc.

2.1.3 Marine Pollution Accident 1) Marine pollution by oil spill.

2.1.4 Collision Accident

2.1.5 Grounding Accident

2.1.6 Contacting Accident

1) Among accidents of contacting pier, marine structures and other ships, those requiring arrangement of Surveyor for defining responsibilities and extent of damages.

Accident caused delay in operation as far as hindered keeping the voyage scheduled. 2.1.7 Fire & Explosion Accident Flooding (Emergency) Accident 2.1.8 Security Accident Suspicious action or situation intimidating securities to ship, port facilities and/or ship/port interface or security in ship-to-ship activities, which includes act or situation listed as follows.

1) Intrusion or attempt of intrusion by pirates

2) Smuggling and stowing away

Sehdong Shipping Co., Ltd.

PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

3) Act of demolishing ship or attempt to use vessel as a weapon.

4) Case of threat to marine security defined in National Law, International Convention and Regulations being under intimidation.

5) Other accidents as defined in Ship‟s Security Plan.

2.1.9 Mechanical Trouble Accident

1) Case of situation impossible to restore seaworthiness including self sailing or self pilot due to troubles in main engine, steering gear and other auxiliary machines.

2) Case required so considerable time to recover by self efforts, that it is expected that delay in operation as far as hinder keeping the voyage scheduled.

2.1.11 Dangerous Cargo Accident

1) Fire, spill and hurt by the dangerous cargo.

Sehdong Shipping Co., Ltd.

PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

2.2 Formats applicable to Emergency Accidents by nature Nature of Sub Table of Draft No Em‟cy Reports Check List mit Emergency by Accidents to: Stations 1) Life Casualty MAT Master Master decides 2) Injury occurred MAT Master 3) Searching & MAT Master Rescue life Rescue 1 Life Casualty 4) Use of MAT Master Helicopter Use helicopter 5) Accident to MAT C/O Master decides Stevedore 1) Cargo Accident SQT C/O Cargo damage Cargo 2 2) Evidences for Accident SQT Master claim Marine 1) Marine Master Oil spill 3 Pollution RST Pollution accident C/E prevention Accident Accident Report RST Hull damage/ 1) Collision accident Master Abandon ship Collision 4 2) Master‟s RST Accident confirmation & Master Recording Grounding 1) Grounding RST Hull damage/ 5 Master Accident Accident Abandon ship Contact RST Hull damage/ 6 1) Contact Accident Master Accident Abandon ship Fire/ RST Extinguishing/ 1) Fire/Explosion 7 Explosion Master Flood control & Accident Accident Abandon ship Flooding RST Extinguishing/ 1) Flooding 8 Emergency Master Flood control & Emergency Accident Accident Abandon ship Security 9 Follows Ship‟s Security Plan SQT SSO Accident For equip../ M/E trouble – Mechanical 1) Trouble in Equip. Master Master decides. 10 Trouble /Steering Gear/ RST C/E For Steering Accident Main Engine Accident Report Gear Trouble- Rudder trouble DG cargo Extinguishing / 11 1) DG cargo accident SQT Master accident Hull damage

1. Meeting situations of single accident, compound accident and abandon ship, Master shall take most optimum action to cope with the situation by his own judgement. 2. In case emergency accidents of Safety and Security conflicting against each other, Master shall take Safety prior to the other in consideration. 3. All accidents must to be reported to team in charge & SQT. 4. Team in charge must send the copy of accident reports to SQT for statistics & information management when receiving the information relating to all accident reports. 5. When accidents can affect ship‟s sea worthness such as collision, ground and etc. occasional survey By classification should be conducted.

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

3. Reporting Flow for Emergency reponse

OCCURRED ACCIDENT Identifying emergency situation and arrangement station

Master take the overriding emergency measures. TAKE THE EMERGENCY MEASURES - Master report accident to DP, the charge team and government by phone as soon as possible. - The first reported staff notify to

DPMaster and concernedsend a accident persons. report to SQT and FIRST ACCIDENT REPORT the charge team

DP establish emergency response team MAKE A ACCIDENT REPORT *Within 2 hours after occurred accident, alcohol test

FOLLOW-UP MEASUREMENTS vessel+ office + government Master report progress status to SQT and the charge team

Drug/alcohol test Concerned person

Document preparation to submit to government and insurance company

PROGRESS REPORT

The charge team establish the cause of accident and preventive measures then report to SQT PREPATATION OF RELATING DOCUMENT

FINAL REPORT

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

4. Common works for meeting emergency accident Sequence of Responsible Related Work Contents Work Team & Officer Formats Accident Report Master 1)Master take the overriding emergency measures 1) Emergency 2) Master report accident to DP, the charge team contact list and government by phone as soon as possible 3) When in foreign port, Master shall report to the Regional Agent also. 4) Master shall send the Accident report to SQT and charge team in the same time. 2) Accident report

Fleet manager 1) Major accident report to CEO in directly 2) Notify to the operator / charterer 3) If necessary, report to the contracting government. Convene Em‟cy CEO 1) Convene Emergency Meeting if required. 1) Meeting Meeting if 2) DP able to request Emergency Meeting. minutes. required Instructing DP 1) Commanding overall actions of emergency necessary measures. action 2) Make necessary instruction following the decision of Emergency Meeting and judgment of DP. Taking Leader of SQT, 1 General necessary Leader of 1) Instruct Vessel for necessary action upon Action Team in charge instruction from DP. (with supports of 2) Request supports from relevant Team. Relevant team) 3) Report to Authority and NMPA if necessary. 4) Find facts of the accident upon 6W principles. 5) For confirmation and action by nature of the accidents, refer to “Chapt. 8 of Major Works against Emergency Accidents by nature”. 2 Action for Vessel 1) Continuous monitoring the accident progress. 2) Advising and making most optimum recommendations for treatment of the accident and for prevention of its expansion. 3) Advising and making recommendation for preventing secondary occurrence of casualty. 4) Supporting the ship‟s requests. 5) Approving ship‟s action. 6) Instruct to stay away from explaining the accident details other than legal counsel. 7) Instruction for controlling access to log book and crew‟s comments. 8) Other necessary measures depending upon situation.

Sequence of Responsible Related Work Contents Work Dept. & Officer Formats Site control Master of 1) Commander in site Vessel 2) Acts upon instruction from DP and Leader of team in charge. 3) Act first and then report in urgent situation. 4) Confirm relevant check lists. 5) Draft relevant reports. Advising Results Leader of 1) After performing works requested supports,

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

relevant Team results shall be reported to Team in Charge. Reporting (DP) Leader of 1) Reporting interim progress of the accident and Team in final report. Charge Final Report of DP 1) DP shall make final report to CEO for major the Result items when they are finalized. (CEO) 2) Assessment of accident and instruct preventive action.

5. Emergency meeting The meeting is intended for establishing emergency measures, and is convened by CEO upon request of DP.

5.1 Organization of Emergency Meeting 1) Chairman : CEO 2) Secretary : Designated Person (DP), Fleet Manager 3) Member : Relevant Team Leader

5.2 When held Emergency Meeting is convened when CEO recognized its necessity or upon request of DP.

5.3 Keeping Meeting Minutes DP keeps the meeting minutes.

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

CEO

Convened when required Reporting/Instructing Emergency meeting

DP Reporting/Instructing Operator/Charterer Fleet Manager

Leader of SQT

Assist DP

Relevant Notice Authority & 통보 Notice Organization 통보 Reporting/Instructing

RST MAT SQT

All accident Life casualty Security accident Including Search & Rescue Cargo accident Vessel accident DG cargo Marine pollution accident Reporting to Relevant Team (Domestic/Overseas) Reporting accident

Reporting/Instructing (Foreign) Master

When emergency Regional Accident occurred Office

Remarks: 1) When Security Accident is occurred, make emergency contacts following „Ship‟s Security Organization‟ of Chapt. 9, Ship‟s Security Plan and „ISPS Contact List‟

2) The Main agent about all of accidents is Operator/Charterer, Company shall take action according to the demand of them.

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

6. Major works against emergency accidents by their nature 6.1 Life Casualty

-Shall be handled referring to Handling of Life Casualty and Life Casualty Report (Table 1), and

Check Lists of Life Casualty (Table 2), when Patients appeared (Table 3), of Search and Rescue (Table 4), of Helicopter Use (Table 5) and when Stevedore injured (Table 6).

- MAT in charge.

6.1.1 Actions

1) Items for Confirmation

(1) Determine facts about provisional emergency measures taken by vessel.

(2) Determine injuries among crews. (3) Determine missing and death.

(4) Determine whether tug or helicopter requested.

(5) Determine whether deviation or emergency port entry is necessary. (6) Determine supports requested by vessel.

(7) Vessel‟s idea of next action.

(8) Sea condition. (9) Other vessel‟s opinion and information.

(10) Other relevant items.

(11) When occur the patient by DG cargo, keep MFAG 2) Actions by MAT

(1) Requesting medical recommendation and advising it to vessel.

(2) Arrangement and approval of helicopter for rescue of life. (3) Instruction and/or approval of deviation and emergency port entry.

(4) If it is urgent, communicate directly with SAR Organization.

(5) Arrangement of hospital and embarking/disembarking. (6) Selecting successor and arranging embarkation.

(7) Drafting Life Casualty Report and reporting to Governing Authority.

(8) Consulting with Agent for swift return and arrangement of plane ticket. (9) Advising bereaved family about the accident details.

(10) Arrangement of entry formality for remains, coffin carrier, place to install coffin and others.

(11) CompenSQTing the deceased in accordance with Seamen‟s Law. 3) Relevant form

(1) Accident Report

(2) Life casualty check list

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

(3) Search & saving check list (4) Using Helicopter check list

6.2 Cargo Accident -Cargo accident shall be treated following Actions described below, Cargo Accident Report (Table 5),

Cargo Accident Check List (Table 6) and Evidence Data prepare by Vessel (Table 7).

-SQT in charge.

6.2.1 Actions

1) Items to be checked

(1) Determine classification, location, extent and cause of the cargo damage. (2) Grasp emergency provisional action taken by Vessel. (What is vessel‟s emergency provisional

action status?)

(3) Is she seaworthy? (4) Decide whether deviation and emergency port entry is required.

(5) Is the vessel capable to sail toward a nearest area or port by herself?

(6) Determine if there is any item Vessel has requested. (7) What is vessel‟s idea for next action?

(8) Sea condition.

(9) Is there any possibility of any secondary casualty to occur? (10) Determine vessel‟s other opinion and information.

2) Relevant Form

(1) Accident Report (2) Cargo Accident check list

(3) Evidences prepared by vessel for claim

6.3 Marine Pollution Accident

-Marine Pollution Accident shall be treated following Actions described below, Marine Pollution

Report (Initial Reporting) (Table 8), Subsequent Reporting (Table 9), Marine Pollution Check List (Table 10) and SOPEP.

-RST in charge.

6.3.1 Actions

1) Items to Check

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

(1) Determine cause and scope of the marine pollution with particular emphasis on oil supplier‟s fault. (2) Determine vessel‟s emergency provisional action status.

(3) Determine vessel‟s seaworthiness.

(4) Check whether relevant governing authority was informed for necessary assistance. (5) Check if there is a secondary casualty likely to occur.

(6) Check seaworthiness.

(7) Check if a deviation or emergency port entry is required.

(8) Sea condition

(9) Check if there is any item required by vessel for support.

(10) Check if cargo owner and charterer are informed, if necessary. (11) Vessel‟s idea for next action.

(12) Other vessel‟s opinion and information

2) Evidences (1) Onboard oil transfer procedure

(2) Evidence of oil pollution existed in port or pier before the accident took place.

(3) Procedure of bunkering (4) Officer in Charge and crew for the bunkering work.

(5) Copy of Supplier‟s Guideline containing approved Loading Rate or Delivery Note.

(6) Storage Record of oil removing agents like sprayer and absorbent. (7) Sample of oil spilled from vessel.

(8) Video films showing scope of oil spill (when possible)

(9) Record of oil spill (10) If the spill has been caused by broken ship‟s device, keep the broken device.

(11) Crew‟s statements related with the accident

(12) Oil Record Book (13) Tank/Pipe Line Diagrams

(14) Sounding Table and Oil Transfer Pipe Diagrams

(15) Vessel‟s Pollution Emergency Measures. (16) All communications and correspondences including Telex and Fax related.

3) Relevant Form

(1) Accident Report (2) Marine pollution accident check list

6.4 Collision Accident

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

-Collision Accident shall be treated following Actions described below, Collision Accident Report

(Table 11), Collision Accident Check List (Table 12), Masters Confirmation and Record (Table 13)

and SOPEP. -SQT in charge (Relevant team works a concerned duty)

6.4.1 Actions

1) Items to Check

(1) Time of collision and description of the other ship

(2) Collision position (including confirmation method)

(3) Ship‟s head (4) Collision angle (shown by drawing)

(5) Speed of both vessels (assumed)

(6) Others including conditions when colliding and deviation status of both vessels. (7) Bearing, distance, approach, lights, type of shapes and recognizing status of the other

vesselwhen first sighted, and bearing, speed and other condition of the vessel at that time.

(8) Timing of first recognition of collision danger and the ship‟s action at that time. (9) Tracks of both ships from the time of first sighting to collision.

(10) Method of engine use, steering method, time and effects.

(11) Status of using nautical instruments such as radar and course recorder etc. (12) Signal method

(13) Details of anchor use and other actions taken to prevent collision.

(14) Maneuvering orders by Master and pilot. (15) Name and location of Duty Officer (Watch personnel) (Entire departments onboard)

(16) Positioning status of lookouts (number, location and names) and other stationing of crews.

(17) Weather and sea conditions when colliding including weather, visibility, wind speed, wind direction, tides, wavelength and swell etc.)

(18) Surrounding conditions including name of vessels at anchor (anchorage) as well as underway

and their relative distances. (19) Name, Call Sign, Port of Registration, Port of Departure, Destination of the other vessel and

name of her Master.

(20) Other information regarding the behavior and condition of the other vessel until reaching the collision.

(21) Status of vessel‟s emergency provisional action.

(22) Possibility of secondary casualty occurrence. (particularly life and cargo)

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

(23) Check if relevant governing authority has been informed for assistance. (24) Check if tug and rescue from SAR organization requested.

(25) Check if deviation and emergency port entry is required. Also find vessel‟s idea for the next

action. (26) Check if there is anything Company can assist and vessel‟s idea for next action.

(27) Check if there is problem in seaworthiness and if the damage is

2) Relevant Form

(1) Accident Report

(2) Collision check list

(3) Master‟s confirmation and recording

6.5 Grounding Accident

-Grounding accident shall be treated following Actions described below, Grounding Accident Report

(Table 16), Check List on Grounding Accident (Table 17) and SOPEP.

- SQT in charge (Relevant team works a concerned duty) 6.5.1 Actions

1) Items to confirm

(1) Lashing of the hull and possibility of self refloating (ungrounding) (considering tide and its height) (2) Extent (Scope) of hull damage.

(3) Sounding condition

(4) Degree of buoyancy shortage of the vessel (5) Is there any hindrance when buoyancy recovered?

(6) Effects of surrounding situation applicable to expansion of ship‟s damage and salvage (rescue) work.

(7) Vessel‟s condition right before grounding (draft (draught) of F, M, L.) (8) Condition of bed (water depth and geology)

(9) Status of vessel‟s emergency provisional action. (Was submerged pump used?)

(10) Surface condition (11) Possibility of secondary casualty (particularly cargo)

(12) Whether any problem in seaworthiness and if the damage is fatal.

(13) Requesting tug necessary? (14) Report to SAR organization and requesting salvage (rescue) necessary?

(15) Deviation and other emergency item required?

(16) Vessel‟ s idea for next action.

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

(17) Any supports or assistance required? (18) Vessel‟ other opinion and information.

2) Relevant Form

(1) Accident Report (2) Grounding accident check list

6.6 Contacting Accident

-Contacting accident means that ship‟s bumping and/or light contact to marine structures, marine

floats and buoy etc.

Contacting accident shall be treated following Actions described below, Check List on Contacting Accident (Table 11).

- SQT in charge (Relevant team works a concerned duty)

6.6.1 Actions 1) Items to check

(1) Confirm extent (scope) of hull damage

(2) Confirm time and position of accident (3) Check vessel‟s engine condition

(4) Check whether tug is required and also check detailed engine operation condition

(5) Check for any damage inflicted to nearby ship and marine floats and also for marine pollution. (6) If the accident took place while pilot‟s boarding, receive his confirmation statement.

(7) If the accident took place while using tugboats, receive confirmation statement of the tugboat.

(8) Take photographs of accident site. (9) Check status of vessel‟s emergency provisional action (if submerged pump is used) and sea

condition.

(10) Check for possibility of secondary casualty. (11) Check for seaworthiness and if the damage is fatal.

(12) Check for necessity of tug request.

(13) Check for necessity of reporting to SAR organization and request for salvage (rescue). (14) Check for necessity of deviation and any emergency action.

(15) Vessel‟s idea for next action.

(16) Check for necessity of shore support request. (17) Vessel‟s other opinion and information

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

2) Relevant Form (1) Accident Report

(2) Contacting accident check list

6.7 Fire and Explosion Accident

-Fire and Explosion accident shall be treated following the Actions described below, Check List on

Fire & Explosion Accident (Table 12) and SOPEP.

-SQT in charge.

6.7.1 Actions

1) Items to check (1) Status of Vessel‟s Emergency Provisional Action (use of emergency fire fighting pump)

(2) Sea and weather conditions

(3) Cause of fire and explosion (4) Situation of fire and explosion

(5) Performance of fire fighting works and next plan.

(6) Life casualty? (7) Degree of cargo damage and is there any dangerous cargo?

(8) Any marine pollution or other secondary accident occurred?

(9) Possibility of secondary casualty (particularly cargo) (10) Any problem in seaworthiness? And the damage is fatal?

(11) Requesting tug is necessary?

(12) Reporting to SAR organization and requesting rescue necessary? (13) Deviation and emergency port entry necessary?

(14) Vessel‟ idea for next action

(15) Vessel‟s other opinion and information 2) Relevant Form

(1) Accident Report

(2) Fire and explosion accident check list

6.8 Flooding Accident

-Flooding Accident shall be treated following Actions described below, Check List on Flooding

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

Accident (Table 13). - SQT and Relevant Team in charge

6.8.1 Actions

1) Items to check (1) Status of vessel‟s emergency provisional action

(2) Sea and weather conditions

(3) Cause of flooding

(4) State of flooding

(5) Progress of accident handling and next plan.

(6) Life casualty, if any. (7) Position of vessel.

(8) Watertight doors closed.

(9) Adjustment of ship‟s course and speed. (10) Problems in seaworthiness, if any, and if the damage is fatal.

(11) Reporting to SAR organization and requesting salvage.

(12) Deviation and emergency port entry. (13) Vessel‟s idea for next action.

(14) Vessel‟s other opinion and information.

2) Relevant Form (1) Accident Report

(2) Flooding accident check list

6.9 Security Accident

-Security Accident shall be treated following Actions described below and Ship Security Plan.

-SQT in charge. 6.9.1 Actions

1) Items to check

(1) Actions following Ship Security Plan (2) Emergency contacting of entire crews and stationing.

(3) Inform Company Security Officer

(4) Request assistance (rescue) to Coast Station and Port Authority. 2) Relevant Form

(1) Refer to SSP.

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

6.10 Mechanical Trouble Accident

-Mechanical trouble herein means trouble of equipments seriously affecting the vessel‟s operation,

those of main engine, steering gear, loss of power etc. Emergency Accident by Mechanical Trouble shall be treated following Actions described below,

Check List on Emergency Accident by Mechanical Trouble .

- RST in charge.

6.10.1 Actions

1) Items to check

(1) Status of Vessel‟s emergency provisional action (2) Emergency contacting of entire crews and their stationing.

(3) Confirm time of trouble found and vessel‟s position at that time.

(4) Determine cause of trouble. (5) Inventory of necessary spare parts.

(6) Movements of nearby ships

(7) Necessity of emergency steering, if any. (8) Lighting Non-under-Command Light and posting shapes.

(9) Keep Determining position of the vessel at all times for maintaining precision.

(10) Keep measuring water depth of drifting sea area. (11) Keep monitoring sea and weather conditions (weather map)

(12) Vessel‟s other opinion and information

2) Remarks related with requesting salvage ship (1) Keep watching communication equipments after salvage ship has been requested.

(2) Shorten the contact hours of the salvage ship by shooting signal fire and blowing whistle by the

time of contact hour. (3) Ready for fenders in preparation of mooring with the salvage ship.

(4) During towing, engine watch shall be on duty to keep monitoring any change in engine condition.

(5) Duty officer shall check towing line from the F‟cle Deck at all times during towing. (6) Watch out for pirate intrusion.

(7) Be supportive to the salvage ship; however, avoid signing Salvage Agreement as far as possible.

(8) Signing simple report describing the salvage activities may be allowable. 3) Relevant Form

(1) Accident Report

(2) Mechanical trouble accident check list

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

6.11 Dangerous cargo Accident -Dangerous cargo accident means fire & explosion and patient related dangerous cargo.

Dangerous cargo shall be treated following Actions described below, Check List for Dangerous Cargo

Accident. -SQT in charge.

6.11.1 Actions

1) General guidelines

(1) Think safety first

(2) Avoid contact with dangerous substances

(3) Keep away from fire, smoke, fumes and procedures (4) Sound the fire alarm and start fire fighting procedures

(5) Keep the bridge and living quarters upwind if possible

(6) Locate stowage position of cargo that is burning or evolving smoke. (7) Obtain UN numbers and the EmS FIRE SCHEDULE of the dangerous goods.

(8) Consider which measures of the EmS fire schedule are applicable and should be followed.

(9) Check if other dangerous goods may potentially be involved in the fire and identify the relevant EmS FIRE SCHEDULE.

(10) Wear suitable protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus.

(11) Be prepared to use the Medical First Aid Guide (MFAG). (12) Contact the designated person of the company responsible for the operation of the ship or a

rescue co-ordination centre to obtain expert advice on dangerous good emergency response

measures. (13) Wear full protective clothing resistant to chemical attack and self contained breathing apparatus.

(14) Obtain shipper‟s emergency contact point

(15) When general fire extinguishing refer to 8.7 fire and explosion (16) Observe the Medical First Aid Guide when occurrence of patient.

2) Relevant Form

(1) Accident Report (2) Dangerous cargo accident check list

6.12 Other Single and Compound Emergency Accidents, Procedures for Abandoning Ship

6.12.1 Other Single Emergency Accident

Shall follow one of those procedures described above. DP and Master shall take most optimum

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

measure depending upon the type and nature of the accident. 6.12.2 Compound Emergency Accident

1) Referring to the procedures described above, DP shall assume it as one of single emergency

accident and shall take necessary action in managing the emergency accident. 2) Referring to the procedures described above, Master shall assume it as one of single

emergency accident and shall take the most optimum measure for handling the situation.

3) Leader of team in charge shall take necessary action as in the case of a single emergency

accident in accordance with the instruction of DP.

6.12.3 Abandon Ship

1) Master shall order swiftly abandon the ship if and when the situation faces serious threat to the life safety of crew after every action to remedy the emergency situation is done to no avail.

2) When abandon the ship order has been issued, every crew shall evacuate the ship carrying his

belongings in accordance with the emergency station. 3) Master shall transmit Distress/Rescue signal using GMDSS equipment when abandoning the

ship.

6.12.4 If and when Safety and Security conflicts against each other 1) Master shall treat the emergency accident with safety in priority to security when these two are

in conflict against each other.

However, duty of taking security measures is not released in this case, but shall be observed in the best possible manner.

7 General

7.1 Identification of emergency situation

It needs to follow as [safety and emergency manual] 7.2 Procedure of rescue in emergency situation

Life Ship Cargo

7.3 Making and maintaining emergency station bill

7.3.1 The Master shall make appropriate emergency station bill for ship referring to emergency station bill

in [Shipboard emergency response manual] and post it bridge, engine room and main pathway. 7.3.2 In case of any change for “Emergency station bill” due to additional crew and passenger, absent crew,

relieving it must be up-dated immediately.

7.3.3 The Master shall distribute “ Personal emergency station bill” to crew and passenger who signed on.

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

7.3.4 Crew and passenger shall post “ Personal emergency station bill” at the best place to see at each cabin and note it well.

7.4 Managing Emergency contact list

The Master should update and keep “ Emergency contact list” which the company supplied to Contact Point & SOPEP at bridge and engine room.

7.5 Emergency response drill

It follows chapter 1 of this Education/training procedure.

8 Actions to be taken by the first person on scene

8.1 The first person on scene should decide to handle it for himself and, if found it is possible to treat it

alone, he can take an first measure. However, even though he can do it, he should notify to people around with any method applicable.

8.2 If he decides it is impossible to take an action by himself, he should notify it to duty officer on bridge.

When notifying them of accident, there are essential items like accident‟s nature, description, place and present situation to be included.

8.3 Duty officer on bridge who has been notified should sound general alarm and announce to all area as

well as informing Master.

9 Reporting emergency accident and actions to be taken

9.1 Report emergency accident 9.1.1 Reporting principle : first action-later report / first callig-later report after action and the most exact

and quickest communication device available must be used.(in case it is necessary to show number etc,

fax should be used if possible.). if Master has no chance to report the situation to the company, the Master appoints his deputy to make brief report to the company.

9.1.2 Reporting to

1)Regardless type of accident, initial report, intermediate report and final report should be done to DP and report to the company referring to Office hour and after office hour emergency contact list.

2) Related parties and related coastal and sea pollution occurs where notification

9.2 Forms of reporting and how to report 9.2.1 Reporting forms

Emergency accident report should be done simply and clearly considering 5W and 1H principle

including below items and arrange Emergency accident report.

.1 Ship‟s name

.2 Type of accident

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

.3 Time, date and place happened .4 Reason (if unknown, estimated reason)

.5 Whether necessity of rescue

.6 Whether 2nd disaster like loss of life or oil spill .7 Ship‟s measure taken

.8 Items requested to company

.9 Other items like seaworthiness and ship‟s idea

9.2.2 How to make

.1 It is necessary to make to easily understand stream of accident by serial numbering and repetition

of report should avoided. .2 Using time should be recorded in GMT and Local time together.

.3 At longest, every 4hrs report should be done before clearing out from dangerous situation without

company‟s special instruction and if not changing, record as “ not changing‟. .4 Using bearing must be written by true bearing.

9.3 Actions to be taken in emergency accident

The Master should announce emergency muster station with taking action in turn in accordance with below situational checklist.

9.3.1 Contingency Checklist - Grounding/Stranding

9.3.2 Contingency Checklist - Collision 9.3.3 Contingency Checklist - Serious Injury

9.3.4 Contingency Checklist - Main Engine or Steering Gear Failure

9.3.5 Contingency Checklist - Electrical Power failure 9.3.6 Contingency Checklist - Cargo Spillage or Contamination

9.3.7 Contingency Checklist - Man Overboard

9.3.8 Contingency Checklist - Heavy Weather Damage 9.3.9 Contingency Checklist - Flooding

9.3.10 Contingency Checklist - Rescue From Confined Spaces

9.3.11 Contingency Checklist - Transfer System Discharge 9.3.12 Contingency Checklist - Hull Leakage

9.3.13 Contingency Checklist - Tank Overflow

9.3.14 Contingency Checklist - Fire / Explosion 9.3.15 Contingency Checklist - Hull Failure

9.3.16 Contingency Checklist - Excessive List

9.3.17 Contingency Checklist - Critical Equipment Failure

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PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

9.3.18 Contingency Checklist - Stress and Stability 9.3.19 Contingency Checklist - Emergency Cargo Transfer

9.3.20 Contingency Checklist - Towing

9.3.21 Contingency Checklist - Security of Vessel(Piracy) 9.3.22 Contingency Checklist - Security of Vessel(Sabotage)

9.3.23 Contingency Checklist - Recording Keeping and Sampling

9.3.24 Contingency Checklist - Hazardous Vapour Release

9.3.25 Contingency Checklist - Helicopter/Ship Operation

9.3.26 Contingency Checklist - Emergency during STS Operation

9.3.27 Contingency Checklist - Abandon Ship 9.3.28 Contingency Checklist - Anti-Pollution

10 Writing evidence on accident and submitting 10.1 The Master should send below evidence on accident upon arrival at first calling port after accident.

10.1.1 Sea protest

10.1.2 Statement of facts 10.1.3 Copy of Log book

10.1.4 Accident explanation on accident area

10.1.5 Sequence of accident time by time 10.1.6 Testimonial of witness

10.1.7 Original chart used

10.1.8 Records of Bell Book, Telegraph, Course Recorder 10.1.9 Description of other vessel

10.1.10 Other evidence necessary to be used for handling accident

10.1.11 Execution of termination report on emergency situation 10.2 The Master should report to the company as per below forms when Fire, Collision, Grounding and

Pollution.

10.2.1 Contingency Reporting Format - Fire 10.2.2 Contingency Reporting Format - Collision

10.2.3 Contingency Reporting Format - Grounding

10.2.4 Contingency Reporting Format - Pollution

11 Items to be considered by Master when emergency

11.1 Should decide abandoning ship considering below.

Sehdong Shipping Co., Ltd.

PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

11.1.1 Abandonship by in the fire .1 Engine room fire fixed fire extinguisher(Co2) after use, once the fire spread and fire suppression

fail, The master must decide whether or not the abandonship..

.2 Engine room fire caused by the explosion at the outer bulkhead in the eventuality, restoring force of sudden wave ball.The loss of the abandonship can be missed when the explosion sounds,

The master must decide whether or not the abandonship.

.3 Although the residential area fire and loss of stability of the former crew districts,there are a lot of

affect But the concern is loss of resiliency for multiple reasons for this eventuality,

The master must decide whether or not the abandonship.

11.1.2 Abandonship by in the stranding .1 The infow of sea water caused by stranded summer draft can exceed the.signs or the sudden

inclination, The master must decide whether or not the abandonship.

.2 Small sea inlet if the loss gradually stability, sharply reduced to less than 5 percent of a point or line width when, The master must decide whether or not the abandonship.

11.1.3 Abandonship by in the collision

.1 The damage suffered ship, the influx of sea water The master must decide whether or not the abandonship

.2As this is the ship,on par with the influx of sea water on the hole meager reduced sharply or

resilient ship‟s width will be less than 5% of the master must decide whether or not the abandonship 11.1.4 Other circumstances.

.1ship‟s security threat(explosives installation or other poisons) master when it is not correct from a

company can decide in consultation with the abandon ship. 11.2 Should decide time and place of abandoning ship considering below.

11.2.1 Closest distance from land

11.2.2 Possibility of rescue 11.2.3 Weather condition

11.2.4 Estimated time of rescue etc

11.3 If the Master decide it is critical for human of life, ship, cargo and marine pollution, he can make below actions to prevent above.

11.3.1 Request tugs

11.3.2 Rescue contract 11.3.3 Deviation

11.3.4 Optional stranding

Sehdong Shipping Co., Ltd.

PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

12 Relevant forms 12.1 D8: General Emergency Instructions

12.2 D66: Individual Muster Station Sheet

12.3 D15: Contingency Checklist - Grounding/Stranding 12.4 D16: Contingency Checklist - Collision

12.5 D17: Contingency Checklist - Serious Injury

12.6 D18: Contingency Checklist - Main Engine or Steering Gear Failure

12.7 D19: Contingency Checklist - Electrical Power failure

12.8 D20: Contingency Checklist - Cargo Spillage or Contamination

12.9 D21: Contingency Checklist - Man Overboard 12.10 D22: Contingency Checklist - Heavy Weather Damage

12.11 D23: Contingency Checklist - Flooding

12.12 D24: Contingency Checklist - Rescue From Confined Spaces 12.13 D25: Contingency Checklist - Transfer System Discharge

12.14 D26: Contingency Checklist - Hull Leakage

12.15 D27: Contingency Checklist - Tank Overflow 12.16 D28: Contingency Checklist - Fire / Explosion

12.17 D29: Contingency Checklist - Hull Failure

12.18 D30: Contingency Checklist - Excessive List 12.19 D31: Contingency Checklist - Critical Equipment Failure

12.20 D32: Contingency Checklist - Stress and Stability

12.21 D33: Contingency Checklist - Emergency Cargo Transfer 12.22 D34: Contingency Checklist - Towing

12.23 D35: Contingency Checklist - Security of Vessel(Piracy)

12.24 D36: Contingency Checklist - Security of Vessel(Sabotage) 12.25 D37: Contingency Checklist - Recording Keeping and Sampling

12.26 D38: Contingency Checklist - Hazardous Vapour Release

12.27 D39: Contingency Checklist - Helicopter/Ship Operation 12.28 D40: Contingency Checklist - Emergency during STS Operation

12.29 D41: Contingency Checklist - Abandon Ship

12.30 D42: Contingency Checklist - Anti-Pollution 12.31 D43: Contingency Reporting Format - Fire

12.32 D44: Contingency Reporting Format - Collision

12.33 D45: Contingency Reporting Format - Grounding

Sehdong Shipping Co., Ltd.

PROCEDURE FOR SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE

12.34 D46: Contingency Reporting Format – Pollution

13 Attachment

13.1 Attachment 1 : Company emergency contact list

13.2 emergency contact list (REGIONAL MARITIME AFFAIRS&PORT ADMINISTRATION & KOREA COAST GUARD)