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Zeszyty-Luzyckie-48.Pdf UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI INSTYTUT SLAWISTYKI ZACHODNIEJ i POŁUDNIOWEJ ZESZYTY ŁUŻYCKIE TOM 48 Rewitalizacja kultur i języków mniejszościowych Warszawa 2014 Zespół Redakcyjny: Jerzy Molas (red. nacz.), Nicole Dołowy ‑Rybińska (z‑ca red. nacz.), Ignacy Doliński (sekr. red.), Bożena Itoya, Anna Jakubowska Rada Naukowa: Rafał Leszczyński (Łódź), Roland Marti (Saarlandes), Włodzimierz Pianka (Warszawa), Dietrich Scholze (Budyšin/Bautzen), Elżbieta Siatkowska (Warszawa), Ludmiła Vasiliewa (Lwów), Sonja Wölke (Budyšin/Bautzen), Elżbieta Wrocławska (Warszawa), Krzysztof Wroc ławski (Warszawa), Jadwiga Zieniukowa (Warszawa) Redaktor tomu: Nicole Dołowy‑Rybińska Skład i łamanie: Jerzy Michał Pieńkowski Redakcja językowa tekstów anglojęzycznych: Zygmunt Nowak ‑Soliński Redakcja językowa tekstów polskojęzycznych: Anna Jaroszuk Ilustracja na okładce: akwarela Měrćina Nowaka‑Njechorńskiego Bój z paliwaku („Walka ze smokiem”), przedruk z: A. Krawc ‑Dźěwiński, Serbscy tworjacy wuměłcy (Artyści łużyccy), Budyšin 1975, s. 63. Adres redakcji: Instytut Slawistyki Zachodniej i Południowej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00–927 Warszawa; [email protected]; http://slawistyka.uw.edu.pl Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego oraz Wydział Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego ISSN 0867–6364 © Copyright by Instytut Slawistyki Zachodniej i Południowej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Druk i oprawa: Zakład Graficzny UW, zam. 1576/2014. Zeszyty Łużyckie 48 (2014) ISSN 0867-6364 Spis zawartości tomu XLVIII Volume XLVIII – Contents Rewitalizacja kultur i języków mniejszościowych Revitalization of minority cultures and languages Od Redakcji ................................................................................................... 9 From the Editor ............................................................................................. 11 Rewitalizacja – kontekst teoretyczny Lěoš Šatava (Praha) Wprowadzenie: rewitalizacja etnolingwistyczna – wizja „szalo‑ nych naukowców” czy zjawisko naturalne? [Introduction: Ethno- linguistic revitalisation – a vision of ‘mad scientists’ or a natural phenomenon?] .................................................................................... 17 Aleksandra Bergier (Warszawa) The use of traditional knowledge and culture‑sensitive peda‑ gogy in revitalization of endangered languages and cultures ... 31 Rawinia Higgins (Wellington), Poia Rewi (Dunedin) What is vital to a minority people .................................................. 49 Bartłomiej Chromik (Warszawa) Aspekty pojęcia ideologie językowe istotne z perspektywy działań rewitalizacyjnych [Characteristics of the term language ideologies, significant for language revitalization] ............................................. 65 Edukacja i zajęcia pozaszkolne Jana Schulz-Šołćina (Budyšin/Lipsk) Witaj‑projekt jako wuspěšny koncept rewitalizowanja hornjo‑ a delnjoserbskeje rěče? [The Witaj-Project as a successful model for Upper and Lower Sorbian revitalization?] ................................. 79 Rhian Siân Hodges (Bangor) Caught in the middle: Parents’ perceptions of new Welsh speak‑ ers’ language use: The case of Cwm Rhymni, south Wales ........ 93 Csilla Horváth (Szeged) Beading and language class: Introducing the Lylyng Soyum Children Education Centre’s attempt to revitalize Ob‑Ugric languages and cultures ..................................................................... 115 Miren Artetxe Sarasola (Bilbao) Les jeunes et la revitalisation du basque au pays basque nord. L’influence de la bertsolaritza sur l’usage de la langue et l’iden‑ tité linguistique [Young people and revitalisation of the Basque language of the Northern Basque Country. Influence of the bertsolaritza on the usage of the language and the linguistic identity] ............................................................................................... 129 Wyzwania rewitalizowanych języków i projekty rewitalizacyjne Michael Hornsby (Poznań) ‘Une prononciation déficiente, francisée’: The debate over an “authentic” accent in revitalized Breton ........................................ 149 Nicole Dołowy-Rybińska (Warszawa) Sytuacja języków łużyckich – stan, instytucje, działania rewi‑ talizacyjne [The situation of the Sorbian languages: condition, institutions, revitalization activities] ............................................... 173 Justyna Olko (Warszawa), John Sullivan (Zacatecas/Warszawa) An integral approach to Nahuatl language revitalization ............... 191 Enrique Uribe-Jongbloed, Carl Edlund Anderson (Bogotá) Indigenous and minority languages in Colombia: The current situation .............................................................................................. 217 Aleksandra Jarosz (Poznań) Developing an orthography of an endangered language: a pro‑ posal for Miyako‑Ryukyuan ............................................................ 243 Alexander Andrason (Stellenbosch), Tymoteusz Król (Kraków) A fuzzy model of the Vilamovicean language .............................. 265 Piotr Szczepankiewicz (Poznań) The Issue of Cornish(es) ................................................................... 293 Kontakty językowe i kulturowe Anna Jorroch (Warszawa) Molenna w Wojnowie – tu języki pulsują życiem [Molenna in Wojnowo – here the languages ‘pulsate’] ........................................ 311 Maciej Mętrak (Warszawa) Zachodniosłowiański internet mniejszościowy – medium masowe czy hobby pasjonatów? [West-Slavonic minority Web – mass medium or an obscure hobby?] ......................................................... 329 Tereza Hlaváčková (Praha) Bretoński jako język rodziny – problem międzypokoleniowy? [Breton as a language of the family – an intergenerational prob- lem?] ..................................................................................................... 345 Robert Kulmiński (Warszawa) Mniejszość wietnamska w Czechach – zarys problematyki [The Vietnamese minority in the Czech Republik – an outline of the problematic] ........................................................................................ 361 Recenzje i wydarzenia Tadeusz Lewaszkiewicz (Poznań) Recenzja: Katja Brankačkec, Distribution und Funktionen von Vergangenheitsformen im älteren Obersorbischen. Eine empiri- sche Untersuchung unter Berücksichtigung der Verhältnisse im Altpolnischen und Alttschechischen, Peter Lang Edition, Frank‑ furt am Main 2014 ............................................................................. 377 Elżbieta Wrocławska (Warszawa) Czy można jeszcze uratować dolnołużycki język i kulturę? Recenzja: Madlena Norberg i Peter Kosta (oprac.), Sammelband zur sorbischen/wendischen Kultur und Identität, Podstupimske pśinoski k Sorabistice, „Potsdamer Beiträge zur Sorabistik” nr 8/2008, Institut für Slavistik der Universität Potsdam ................ 381 Nicole Dołowy-Rybińska (Warszawa) Dzień małych języków w Warszawie .............................................. 387 Forum literackie Zdzisław Kłos (Warszawa) Mickiewicz po łużycku odczytany [Mickiewicz as read in Sor- bian] ..................................................................................................... 395 Adam Mickiewicz IV. knigły: Diplomatija a góńtwa – Pan Tadeusz, księga IV, przełożył na język dolnołużycki Alfred Měškank ...................... 407 Zeszyty Łużyckie 48 (2014) ISSN 0867-6364 Od Redakcji Czterdziesty ósmy tom „Zeszytów Łużyckich” poświęcony jest istotnemu dziś zjawisku rewitalizacji języków i kultur mniejszościowych. Wiek XX przy‑ niósł gwałtowną zmianę sytuacji mniejszości, ich języków, sposobu życia, zajęć. Obowiązkowe szkolnictwo, rozkwit mediów masowych, rozwój cywilizacyjny, a wraz z nim urbanizacja i procesy globalizacyjne wywołały zmianę językową, silną nie tylko w Europie, ale też – jak pokazują teksty zawarte w tym tomie – na całym świecie. Przerwanie międzypokoleniowej transmisji języka, odchodzenie od przekazów kulturowych wyznaczających spójność grupy (w tym zwłaszcza od tradycyjnej wiedzy, o czym w tomie pisze Aleksandra Bergier), rozbicie (fizyczne i kulturowe) wspólnot językowych doprowadziły do stopniowego słabnięcia małych języków. Ich funkcję zaczęły przejmować języki dominu‑ jące, a także języki światowe, w tym angielski. Dopiero gdy sytuacja języków mniejszościowych zaczęła być alarmująca, w sukurs przyszli im aktywiści, lingwiści, wreszcie – pod ich wpływem – decydenci polityczni. Rozpoczął się proces stwarzania warunków do zachowania i ochrony języków mniejszościo‑ wych, a także ich rewitalizacji tam, gdzie ich istnienie było poważnie zagrożone (artykuł o teorii rewitalizacji i zapotrzebowaniu na nią Leoša Šatavy). Powstały międzynarodowe konwencje i instytucje, których celem jest zapewnienie takich warunków, by użytkownicy języków mniejszościowych mogli funkcjonować i posługiwać się nimi. Choć większość z tych rozporządzeń nie ma mocy prawnej, a przez to też siły oddziaływania na decydentów politycznych, stworzyły one odpowiedni grunt pod realizowane na całym świecie na coraz większą skalę działania rewitalizacyjne. Bogactwo języków świata jest wciąż ogromne. Każdy język i każda wspól‑ nota z nim związana znajdują się jednak w innej sytuacji: socjolingwistycz‑ nej, politycznej, psychologicznej. W tym tomie prezentujemy tak odmienne języki, jak: nahuatl z Meksyku (artykuł Justyny Olko i Johna Sullivana), języki z Kolumbii (o których piszą Enrique Uribe-Jongbloed i Carl Edlund Anderson) czy język kornijski (artykuł Piotra Szczepankiewicza). Odmienne
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