Advances in Nuclear Forensics: Summary in Nuclear Forensics: Advances Advances in Nuclear Forensics: The International Conference on Advances in Nuclear Forensics: Countering the Evolving Threat of Nuclear and Other Radioactive Material out of Regulatory Control Countering the Evolving Threat of was organized by the IAEA and held in Vienna on 7–10 July 2014. The conference was organized in cooperation Nuclear and Other Radioactive Material with the Nuclear Forensics International Technical Working Group (ITWG), the International Criminal Police out of Regulatory Control Organization (INTERPOL) and the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT). The conference was attended by 285 participants and observers from 76 Member States and 8 organizations. This international conference is the fi rst of its kind to be solely dedicated to nuclear forensics. This publication provides the President’s summary and fi ndings of the conference as well as summaries of all the sessions. The accompanying CD-ROM contains the full conference programme, the list of participants and the papers. Summary of an International Conference Vienna, Austria 7–10 July 2014 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA ISBN 978–92–0–104815–8 ISSN 0074–1884 @ ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR FORENSICS: COUNTERING THE EVOLVING THREAT OF NUCLEAR AND OTHER RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL OUT OF REGULATORY CONTROL The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GERMANY OMAN ALBANIA GHANA PAKISTAN ALGERIA GREECE PALAU ANGOLA GUATEMALA PANAMA ARGENTINA GUYANA PAPUA NEW GUINEA ARMENIA HAITI PARAGUAY AUSTRALIA HOLY SEE PERU AUSTRIA HONDURAS PHILIPPINES AZERBAIJAN HUNGARY POLAND BAHAMAS ICELAND PORTUGAL BAHRAIN INDIA QATAR BANGLADESH INDONESIA REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BELARUS IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA BELGIUM IRAQ RUSSIAN FEDERATION BELIZE IRELAND RWANDA BENIN ISRAEL SAN MARINO BOLIVIA, PLURINATIONAL ITALY SAUDI ARABIA STATE OF JAMAICA SENEGAL BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAPAN SERBIA BOTSWANA JORDAN SEYCHELLES BRAZIL KAZAKHSTAN SIERRA LEONE BRUNEI DARUSSALAM KENYA SINGAPORE BULGARIA KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SLOVAKIA BURKINA FASO KUWAIT SLOVENIA BURUNDI KYRGYZSTAN SOUTH AFRICA CAMBODIA LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC SPAIN CAMEROON REPUBLIC SRI LANKA CANADA LATVIA SUDAN CENTRAL AFRICAN LEBANON SWAZILAND REPUBLIC LESOTHO SWEDEN CHAD LIBERIA SWITZERLAND CHILE LIBYA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC CHINA LIECHTENSTEIN TAJIKISTAN COLOMBIA LITHUANIA THAILAND CONGO LUXEMBOURG THE FORMER YUGOSLAV COSTA RICA MADAGASCAR REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CÔTE D’IVOIRE MALAWI TOGO CROATIA MALAYSIA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO CUBA MALI TUNISIA CYPRUS MALTA TURKEY CZECH REPUBLIC MARSHALL ISLANDS UGANDA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MAURITANIA UKRAINE OF THE CONGO MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES DENMARK MEXICO UNITED KINGDOM OF DJIBOUTI MONACO GREAT BRITAIN AND DOMINICA MONGOLIA NORTHERN IRELAND DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MONTENEGRO UNITED REPUBLIC ECUADOR MOROCCO OF TANZANIA EGYPT MOZAMBIQUE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA EL SALVADOR MYANMAR URUGUAY ERITREA NAMIBIA UZBEKISTAN ESTONIA NEPAL VANUATU ETHIOPIA NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA, BOLIVARIAN FIJI NEW ZEALAND REPUBLIC OF FINLAND NICARAGUA VIET NAM FRANCE NIGER YEMEN GABON NIGERIA ZAMBIA GEORGIA NORWAY ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. PROCEEDINGS SERIES ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR FORENSICS: COUNTERING THE EVOLVING THREAT OF NUCLEAR AND OTHER RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL OUT OF REGULATORY CONTROL SUMMARY OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ORGANIZED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY AND HELD IN VIENNA, 7–10 JULY 2014 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2015 COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria fax: +43 1 2600 29302 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 email: [email protected] http://www.iaea.org/books © IAEA, 2015 Printed by the IAEA in Austria September 2015 STI/PUB/1706 IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Advances in nuclear forensics : countering the evolving threat of nuclear and other radioactive material out of regulatory control : summary of an international conference, Vienna, Austria, 7–10 July 2014. — Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2015. p. ; 24 cm. — (Proceedings series (International Atomic Energy Agency), ISSN 0074–1884) STI/PUB/1706 ISBN 978–92–0–104815–8 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Nuclear industry — Security measures — Congresses. 2. Radioactive substances — Detection — Congresses. 3. Nuclear terrorism — Prevention — Congresses. 4. Security, International — Congresses. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Series. IAEAL 15–00979 COPYRIGHT NOTICE FOREWORD All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of The International Conference on Advances in Nuclear Forensics: the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised Countering the Evolving Threat of Nuclear and Other Radioactive Material in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual out of Regulatory Control was organized by the IAEA and held in Vienna on Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual 7–10 July 2014. The conference was organized in cooperation with the Nuclear property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications Forensics International Technical Working Group (ITWG), the International in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) and the Global Initiative to Combat agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT). The conference was attended by 285 participants welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed and observers from 76 Member States and 8 organizations. to the IAEA Publishing Section at: The objective of the conference was to convene the first of its kind international conference solely dedicated to nuclear forensics; to review the role Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section of nuclear forensics as an essential element of a nuclear security infrastructure; International Atomic Energy Agency to present scientific achievements and to exchange experience and lessons Vienna International Centre learned on the implementation of nuclear forensics in support of law enforcement PO Box 100 investigations and nuclear security vulnerability assessments; to review current 1400 Vienna, Austria practices in nuclear forensics and to identify advances in analytical tools; to fax: +43 1 2600 29302 discuss ways of strengthening nuclear forensic capabilities and capacity building tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 in nuclear forensics to ensure sustainability; and to explore mechanisms to email: [email protected] enhance international and regional cooperation in nuclear forensics as well as to http://www.iaea.org/books best position the IAEA to provide assistance to States, upon request, in nuclear forensics. This publication provides the President’s summary and findings of the conference as well as summaries of all the sessions. The accompanying CD-ROM contains the full conference programme, the list of participants and the papers. The IAEA officers responsible for this publication were D.K. Smith and T. Bull of the Division of Nuclear Security. EDITORIAL NOTE The contents of this conference summary have undergone only the minimum copy editing considered necessary for the reader’s assistance. The views expressed remain, however, the responsibility of the named authors or participants. In addition, the views are not necessarily those of the governments of the nominating Member States or of the nominating organizations. Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information contained in this publication, neither the IAEA nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from its use. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material