Vitamin a Fact Sheet

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Vitamin A Fact Sheet Why does the body need vitamin A? Vitamin A helps: *To maintain vision in dim light *To keep skin smooth and healthy *To help you grow *To help keep your insides healthy (inner linings of the mouth, ears, nose, lungs, urinary and digestive tract) What foods are good sources of vitamin A? Many orange and dark green vegetables and fruits contain carotenes, natural coloring substances, or pigments. The body can change these pigments into vitamin A. The deeper the green or orange color of the vegetable or the fruit, the more carotenes (and thus vitamin A) it contains. Green Vegetables - broccoli, asparagus, spinach, kale, chard, collards and beet, mustard, turnip or dandelion greens. Orange Fruits and Vegetables - carrots, winter squash, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, pumpkin, apricots, cantaloupes, nectarines, peaches, papaya and mangoes. Watch out! - Color is not always a way to recognize foods rich in vitamin A. Oranges, lemons, grapefruits or tangerines are orange or yellow in color but do not contain much carotene. Also, yams, in contrast to sweet potatoes, have no vitamin A value. Is vitamin A stored in my body? Yes, Vitamin A is stored in the liver, so a rich source of vitamin A does not have to be included in the diet every day. However, vitamin A foods included in the diet every day help to build the body reserve. This may be needed in the case of illness or any time when vitamin A is lacking in the diet. How much vitamin A do I need every day? Recommended intake based on the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for Vitamin A in micrograms (mcg) of Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAEs) per day: Males Females 1 – 3 years old 300 mcg RAE 300 mcg RAE 4 – 8 years old 400 mcg RAE 400 mcg RAE 9 – 13 years old 600 mcg RAE 600 mcg RAE 14 – 18 years old 900 mcg RAE 700 mcg RAE 19 years and over 900 mcg RAE 700 mcg RAE How much vitamin A is in formula? Phenyl-Free 1 460 mcg RAE per 100 gm dry powder Phenyl-Free 2 430 mcg RAE per 100 gm dry powder University of Washington PKU Clinic CHDD - Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 (206) 685-3015, Toll Free in Washington State 877-685-3015 http://depts.washington.edu/pku .

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Is There an Ideal Diet to Protect Against Iodine Deficiency?
nutrients Review Is There an Ideal Diet to Protect against Iodine Deficiency? Iwona Krela-Ka´zmierczak 1,† , Agata Czarnywojtek 2,3,†, Kinga Skoracka 1,* , Anna Maria Rychter 1 , Alicja Ewa Ratajczak 1 , Aleksandra Szymczak-Tomczak 1, Marek Ruchała 2 and Agnieszka Dobrowolska 1 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Heliodor Swiecicki Hospital, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] (I.K.-K.); [email protected] (A.M.R.); [email protected] (A.E.R.); [email protected] (A.S.-T.); [email protected] (A.D.) 2 Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (M.R.) 3 Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-665-557-356 or +48-8691-343; Fax: +48-8691-686 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Iodine deficiency is a global issue and affects around 2 billion people worldwide, with preg- nant women as a high-risk group. Iodine-deficiency prevention began in the 20th century and started with global salt iodination programmes, which aimed to improve the iodine intake status globally. Although it resulted in the effective eradication of the endemic goitre, it seems that salt iodination did not resolve all the issues. Currently, it is recommended to limit the consumption of salt, which is the main source of iodine, as a preventive measure of non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension or cancer the prevalence of which is increasing.
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