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Questions for World History www.YoYoBrain.com - Accelerators for Memory and Learning Questions for World History Category: Default - (145 questions) Who was Juan Perón 20th century Argentine political leader.Intense nationalist, dictator in 1940's and 1950s, and briefly in 1970s. Wife was very popular. Who was Maria Montessori 20th century Italian educator founded Montissori school movement. Who was Gamal Abdel Nasser 20th century Egyptian general and political leader. Overthrew King Farouk in 1950s and became president. Urged Arabs to unify against Israel/Europe/America. Took control of Suez Canal in 1956. Provoked a brief and unsuccessful war against Israel, the Six Days War in 1967. Died in 1970. Who was Jawaharal Nehru 20th century Indian political leader. Worked closely with Ghandi. Served as country's first prime minister. Who was Kwame Nkrumah (uhn-KROOH-muh) The president of Ghana in the 60's and a leader of the Pan-African movement, which opposed white domination of Africa. Deposed by military coup in 1966. Who was Eva Perón 20th century Argentine political figure; wife of President Juan Perón. Immensely popular with the masses due to charitable activities. Died of cancer in 1950s. Who was William Pitt the Elder 18th century English political leader Led the British in 7 Year War. Opposed American independence, but tried to soften British responses. Who was Sir Walter Raleigh 16th and 17th century English explorer. Expeditions to the Americas and introducing tobacco and potato into England. Often considered near-ideal English gentleman of Renaissance. Define: Red Guards Loosely organized bands of militant Communist who followed Mao Zedong in attacking conservative or bourgeois element of China during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in 1960s. Define: Reign of Terror Phase of French Revolution aimed at destroying all opposition to revolution. Led by Robespierre. Thousands were sent to the guillotine. Define: Restoration Return of constitutional monarchy in Britain in the late 17th century. Followed rule of Puritans. The Stuarts were placed on the throne. Define: Revolutions of 1848 Liberal and nationalistic rebellions that broke out in 1848 in several European countries. Had temporary gains, but collapsed in a year. Who was Cardinal Richelieu (RISH-uh-looh) 17th century French clergyman and political leader. Chief of government under King Louis XIII. Achieved establishing absolute monarchy and breaking the political power of the Huguenots. Who was Andrei Sakharov A nuclear physicist in Soviet Union - 20th century. Helped develop their hydrogen bomb. Outspoken critic of arms race and Soviet repression. Won Nobel Peace Prize in 1975. Who was Albert Schweitzer 20th century French theologian, student of music, and physician. Received many awards for his humanitarian missionary work in Africa, including Nobel Peace prize. Define: 30 Years' War A war waged in the early 17th century that involved France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Austria and numerous states of Germany. Caused by national rivalries and Protestant versus Catholic. No decisive winner. The Peace of Westphalia which ended war in 1648. When did the Titanic sink on its first voyage in 1912 Who was Pierre Elliott Trudeau 20th century Canadian statesman and prime minister. Faced with secessionist sentiment from French-speaking Quebec, oversaw passage of Official Languages act of 1970s which made both English and French the official languages of Canada. Who were Tudors A family that ruled England from late 15th century until the beginning of 17th century. Queen Elizabeth I was Tudor, but had no heirs. Crown passed to the Stuarts. Define: Vichy government The government of France after Germany defeated and occupied it at the beginning of WW II. Puppet government. Define: Victorian period Period of British history when Queen Victoria ruled. Included entire 2nd half of 19th century. Define: Congress of Vienna A conference held in 1815, after the defeat of Napolean Bonaparte. Redrew the boundaries of Europe. Favored monarchies under influence of Prince Metternich of Austria, setting back democracy in Europe. Define: Battle of Waterloo Battle in Belgium in 1815 in which the British and Prussians defeated the French under Napolean Bonaparte. Define: white man's burden Phrase used to justify European imperialism in 19th and early 20th centuries. Title of poem by Rudyard Kipling. Implies imperialism was motived by high-minded desire to help people of color., Who was Wilhelm II A German emperor, or Kaiser, of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He ruled during WW I and abdicated throne after defeat. Who were William and Mary King William III and Queen Mary II of England, who ruled jointly after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 had expelled Mary's father King James II. They were Protestant and England remained Protestant after their rule. Who was duke of Windsor English nobleman of the 20th century who ruled Britain as King Edward VIII in 1936. Gave up throne to marry American divorcee. When is Veteran's Day Novemeber 11 - same day WW I ended. Who was Emiliano Zapata A Mexican revolutionary leader of the 20th century. He overran plantations in the Mexican Revolution of 1910, dividing the land among peasants. Did not accept government's promises of reform in 1915, and lived as outlaw until killed in 1919. Who was Zhou En-lai (JOH EN-LEYE) A Chinese political leader of the 20th century. Founder of the the Chinese Communist Party and ally of Mao Zedong. As China's premier, he helped establish closer relations between China and Western nations in 1970s. Significance of Umayyads the first major dynasty atop the Muslim caliphate, an empire that eventually stretched from Spain to India. During almost a century of Umayyad rule, Damascus became one of the wealthiest and most powerful cities in the world--and home to the Umayyad Mosque, one of the oldest and largest holy sites in all Muslimdom. The Umayyads ruled from around 660 and fell in 750, When was Philip II (father of Alexander the 336 BC Great) assasinated Who was William Ewart Gladstone An English political leader and author of the 19th century. A leader of the Liberal party and a political opponent of Benjamin Disraeli, he served as prime minister several times during the reign of Queen Victoria. One of his strongest interests, not satisfied in his lifetime, was providing Ireland with a government of its own. He served in the British parliament for 60 years. Define: Wars of the Roses A series of wars fought by 2 English houses, or families, in the late 15th century for rule of the country. The House of Lancaster had a red rouse as its emblem; the House of York has a white rose. The forces of the House of Lancaster won, and their leader, Henry Tudor, father of the future king Henry VIII, became king. The power of the English kings was strengthened in the period that followed. Define: Congress Party A political party in India, formally the Indian National Congress, established in the late 19th century. It was the party of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. After India achieved indepence from Britain in 1947, the Congress party dominated India's politics for 2 decades. Who was Captain James Cook An English explorer of the 18th century, known for his voyages to the Pacific Ocean. Cook visited New Zealand, established the 1st European colony in Australia, and was the first European to visit Hawaii. He also approached Antartica and explored much of the western coast of North America. Define: Cossacks A people in southern Russia who became agressive warriors during the 16th and 17th centuries. In place of taxes, they supplied the Russian Empire with scouts and mounted soldiers. They were also famed for their dances, which feature fast-paced music and seemingly impossible leaps. Define: Crimean War A war fought in the middle of the 19th century between Russia on one side and Turkey, Britain, and France on the other. Russia was defeated, and the independence of Turkey guaranteed. Define: Dachau (DAH-kow) A concentration camp established by the Nazis in southern Germany. Who was Georges Danton (dahnn-TOHNN) A prominent figure in the French Revolution, who pressed for the execution of the king and several other enemies of the revolution. He disagreed, however, with more radical revolutionaries, such as Robespierre, who eventually had him executed. When was D-Day June 6, 1944 Who was Deng Xiaoping (DUNG-SHOW-PING) A long time leader of the Communist Party in China, he was purged during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution for criticizing the excesses of Mao Zedong, but he returned to power in the 1970s and guided China on a course of pragmatic economic reforms. Who was Benjamin Disraeli An English political leader of the 19th century. He led the Conservative party of Britain (Tories) in the 1860s and 1870s and was prime minister twice. He was a political opponent of William Gladstone. He strongly supported the extension of British colonies and had Queen Victoria proclaimed empress of India. Who was Sir Francis Drake An English navigator of the 16th century; the first Englishman to sail around the world. Drake often raided Spanish treasure ships; he participated in the destruction of the Spanish Armada. Define: Dreyfus affair A scandal in France at the end of the 19th century involving a Jewish army officer, Alfred Dreyfus. Dreyfus was falsely convicted of betraying French military secrets and sentenced to life imprisonment. French society was deeply divided over Dreyfus, with liberals including Émile Zola and Georges Clemenceau, arguing that he was innocent, and conservatives defending the French military authorities. Dislike of Jews also affected the opinions of many in France about the incident. Zola´s article "J'accue" ("I accuse") strongly influenced the public in Dreyfus's favor. He was eventually cleared of all charges, reinstated in the army with a promotion, and publically honored.
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