Sergej Rachmaninov Symphonie Nr

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Sergej Rachmaninov Symphonie Nr Sergej Rachmaninov Symphonie Nr. 2 Vocalise Dmitrij Kitajenko Valer Sabadus Gürzenich-Orchester Köln v Sergej Rachmaninov (1873–1943) Symphonie Nr. 2 e-Moll op. 27 (1906/07) [ 01] Largo – Allegro moderato 19:58 [ 02] Allegro molto 10:21 [ 03] Adagio 15:36 [ 04] Allegro vivace 14:27 [ 05] Vocalise cis-Moll, op. 34 Nr. 14* 04:19 total 64:55 Dmitrij Kitajenko *Valer Sabadus, Countertenor Gürzenich-Orchester Köln »Der würdige Nachfolger Tschaikowskys« Stadtrand bezog. »Wir leben hier wie Der katastrophale Misserfolg der die Einsiedler«, schreibt er an einen St. Petersburger Uraufführung seiner Freund, »sehen niemand, kennen ersten Symphonie am 15. März 1897 niemand und besuchen niemand. Ich hatte Sergej Rachmaninov in eine tiefe arbeite sehr viel und fühle mich sehr Depression gestürzt. Fast drei Jahre gut.« lang brachte er kaum eine Note zu Pa- Das freiwillige Exil erwies sich als pier, bis ihn Freunde an den Moskauer heilsam und fruchtbar. Bereits im Ok- Neurologen und Psychiater Nikolai tober 1906 begann Rachmaninov mit Dahl vermittelten, der den Komponis- der Arbeit an einer neuen Symphonie, ten tatsächlich mit einer Hypnose- der bis 1909 vier weitere große Werke therapie (von Januar bis April 1900) folgen sollten, die hier in Dresden von seinen quälenden Selbstzweifeln entstanden: ein unvollendet gebliebe- befreien konnte – und dem Rachma- nes Opernprojekt nach Maurice ninov in Dankbarkeit sein zweites Maeterlincks Schauspiel Monna Van- Klavierkonzert widmete: das erste na, die erste, von Goethes Faust inspi- größere Werk, das er nach seiner rierte Klaviersonate d-Moll op. 28, die Schaffenskrise vollendete. Doch dem symphonische Dichtung Die Toteninsel Entschluss, sich nun wieder mehr dem op. 29 (nach dem gleichnamigen Ge- Schreiben zu widmen, standen zahl- mälde von Arnold Böcklin) und das lose Konzertverpflichtungen als Pia- Dritte Klavierkonzert d-Moll op. 30, das nist entgegen. Um die nötige Ruhe er für seine erste Amerika-Tournee zum Komponieren zu finden, musste schrieb. Die (Sergej Tanejew gewidme- er fort aus Russland und ging im te) Symphonie beendete Rachmani- Herbst 1906 mit seiner Familie nach nov im Januar 1908, und bereits am Dresden, wo er eine Gartenvilla am 26. Januar 1908 dirigierte er in einem 4 “The Worthy Successor to Tchaikovsky” The catastrophic failure of the Saint Petersburg premiere of his First Sym- anyone and visit no one. I work a great phony on 15 March 1897 plunged Ser- deal and feel very well.” gei Rachmaninoff into a severe de- This voluntary exile proved to be pression. For almost three years he did healthful and fruitful. Already in Octo- not put down a single note on paper, ber 1906, Rachmaninoff began work- until friends alerted the Moscow neu- ing on a new symphony which was to rologist and psychiatrist Nikolai Dahl be followed by four more major works to Rachmaninoff’s plight. Dr. Dahl was until 1909, all written in Dresden: an indeed able to free the composer from opera based on Maurice Maeterlinck’s his torturous self-doubts with hypnosis play Monna Vanna that was to remain therapy (from January until April unfinished, theFirst Piano Sonata in 1900) – and it was to the doctor that D minor, Op. 28, inspired by Goethe’s Rachmaninoff gratefully dedicated his Faust, the symphonic poem Die Toten- Second Piano Concerto, the first major insel (The Isle of the Dead), Op. 29 work completed after his creative cri- (based on the painting of the same sis. But his decision to now dedicate name by Arnold Böcklin) and the himself more to writing was opposed Third Piano Concerto in D minor, by countless concert obligations as a Op. 30, written for his first American pianist. In order to find the necessary tour. Rachmaninoff completed the peace to compose, he had to leave Symphony (dedicated to Sergei Russia, travelling with his family in Taneyev) in January 1908, and already 1906 to Dresden, where he moved into on 26 January 1908 he conducted the a garden villa on the edge of town. world premiere at one of the Alexan- “We live like hermits here”, he wrote der Siloti concerts at the Saint Peters- to a friend; “we see no one, don’t know burg Mariinsky Theatre, followed just 5 der Alexander-Siloti-Konzerte im Frische, welche Schönheit!« Dass St. Petersburger Mariinsky-Theater die Rachmaninov später auf den unter- Uraufführung, der eine knappe Woche schwelligen Vorwurf der »Überlänge« später – am 2. Februar – die Moskauer mit einigen Kürzungsvorschlägen (vor Erstaufführung im Großen Saal des allem im Finale) reagierte, zeigt, dass Konservatoriums folgte. Beide Male seine Selbstzweifel noch immer nicht war der Erfolg gewaltig, und das ein- ganz ausgeräumt waren. hellige Lob der Kritiker machte vieles Überhaupt gab sich Rachmaninov von dem wieder gut, was sie über die in seinen Briefen und Äußerungen Erste Symphonie an Spott und Ableh- sehr ›zugeknöpft‹, was seine neue nung ausgegossen hatten. So erklärte Symphonie betraf. »Ich habe ›der Welt‹ etwa Yuli Engel in den Russkije Vedo- noch nichts von dem Werk gesagt, mostij den 35-jährigen Komponisten weil ich es erst endgültig fertigstellen zum »würdigen Nachfolger Tschai- will. Während ich an der Orchestrati- kowskys – und zwar wohlgemerkt on arbeitete, erschien mir die Sym- Nachfolger, und nicht Nachahmer, phonie derart langweilig und wider- denn er zeigt bereits eine ganz persön- wärtig, dass ich sie beiseite geworfen liche Handschrift, wie seine neue und mir erst einmal etwas anderes Symphonie in e-Moll bestätigt. Nach- vorgenommen habe. ›Die Welt‹ wüsste dem wir in anhaltender Aufmerksam- nichts davon, wenn nicht Siloti hier keit ihren vier Sätzen gelauscht ha- gewesen wäre und mich bedrängt und ben, mussten wir überrascht feststel- mir die Würmer aus der Nase gezogen len, dass die Zeiger unserer Uhr um hätte, bis ich ihm endlich eingestand, 65 Minuten weiter gerückt waren. Für es werde demnächst eine neue Sym- das breite Publikum mag das viel- phonie geben. Prompt lud er mich ein, leicht etwas zu lang sein, aber welche sie in der nächsten Spielzeit bei ihm 6 a week later – on 2 February – by the in the Finale) shows that his self-doubts Moscow premiere in the Great Hall of were still not completely cleared up. the Conservatory. Both occasions were In general, Rachmaninoff was quite enormous successes, and the unani- reserved in his letters and statements mous praise of the critics compensat- regarding the new symphony. “I have ed a great deal for what they had not yet told ‚the world’ anything about poured out in the way of derision and the work because I first want to finish it rejection of the First Symphony. For once and for all. Whilst working on the example, Yuli Engel declared the orchestration, the symphony seemed to 35-year-old composer in Russkiye Vedo- me so boring and distasteful that I laid mostiy to be “the worthy successor of it aside and undertook something else. Tchaikovsky – and, let it be under- ‚The world’ wouldn’t have known stood, successor and not imitator, for he anything about it if Siloti had not been already reveals a completely personal here and pressed me, worming infor- handwriting, as confirmed by his new mation out of me until I finally con- Symphony in E minor. After listening fessed to him that there would be a with sustained attention to its four new symphony coming up soon. He movements, we had to declare with promptly invited me to conduct it with astonishment that the hands of our him during the next season! And since clocks had moved 65 minutes further. then, corresponding reports have been For the broader public this may be making the rounds everywhere. Just somewhat too long, but what fresh- between us, I am not at all satisfied ness, what beauty!” The fact that with the work.” Rach maninoff later reacted to the sub- As similar as the First and Second tle objection of “excessive length” with Symphonies are in their rich, dark tim- several suggestions for cuts (especially bres determined by the low strings and 7 zu dirigieren! Und seither kursieren mezzoforte espressivo von den Violinen überall entsprechende Meldungen. beantwortet wird –, doch dieses Mate- Unter uns gesagt: Ich bin mit dem rial taucht erst im Finale wieder auf, Stück ganz und gar nicht zufrieden.« und auch hier nur quasi en passant. So sehr sich die erste und die zweite Jeder der vier ausladenden Sätze steht Symphonie in ihrer satten und dunk- für sich. Die Architektur des Werkes len, von den tiefen Streichern und Blä- ist damit zwar deutlich konventionel- sern bestimmten Klangfarben-Setzung ler als die der d-Moll-Symphonie, zu- ähneln, so sehr unterscheiden sie sich gleich aber auch tragfähiger. Auch die in ihrer Form. Für seine Erste hatte Form der einzelnen Sätze verzichtet Rachmaninov sich an Franz Liszt und auf Experimente: Ein Sonatenhaupt- seinem Prinzip der Themen-Transfor- satz-Allegro moderato, ein Allegro molto mation orientiert: Alle vier Sätze ge- in a-Moll als Kombination aus Scherzo hen auf dasselbe motivische Material und Rondo, und dann ein Adagio ma zurück, was für die Konstruktion eines non troppo in A-Dur, dessen weit ge- knapp 50-minütigen Werkes zwangs- spannte, 22 Takte lange Klarinetten- läufig eine gewisse Monochromie be- Kantilene zu den schönsten Melodien deutet. (»Weiß der Teufel, aber ich gehört, die Rachmaninov je erfunden fürchte, sie wird ermüdend sein«, hat- hat. te der Komponist selbst geschrieben.) Eine ganz ähnliche Sinnlichkeit und Auch der Zweiten ist eine Art Kopf- Kantabilität gelang ihm auch einige motiv als Motto vorangestellt – eine Jahre später in der Vocalise cis-Moll für Folge von auf- und absteigenden Se- Sopran und Klavier – dem letzten der kundschritten, die in der Largo-Einlei- 14 Lieder op. 34, das Rachmaninov für tung des ersten Satzes pianissimo von die Sängerin Antonina Neshdanowa den Celli und Bässen vorgestellt und komponiert hat.
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