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A New Species of Mimosa L. Ser. Bipinnatae DC. (Leguminosae) from the Cerrado: Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Insights

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A New Species of Mimosa L. Ser. Bipinnatae DC. (Leguminosae) from the Cerrado: Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Insights plants Article A New Species of Mimosa L. ser. Bipinnatae DC. (Leguminosae) from the Cerrado: Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Insights Matías Morales 1,2,3,*, Renée H. Fortunato 1,2,3 and Marcelo Fragomeni Simon 4 1 Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN–CNIA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina; [email protected] 2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina 3 Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Universidad de Morón, Morón B1708JPD, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4 Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +54-11-3754-8443 Received: 1 April 2020; Accepted: 3 June 2020; Published: 24 July 2020 Abstract: Mimosa carolina (Leguminosae), a new species from the Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, located in the northern limit of the Brazilian Cerrado, is described and illustrated. In addition, a phylogenetic reconstruction was performed to recover the position of this species in relation to the main clades of the genus Mimosa. This new species is assigned to sect. Habbasia ser. Bipinnatae and exhibits relevant morphological differences with all described species of this series, most notably the prostate habit, glabrous stems, and absence of internal spicules. Our results indicate that this new entity is clearly nested in a strongly supported clade with other striated-corolla species of ser. Bipinnatae. Therefore, ser. Bipinnatae appears to be monophyletic, and a morphologically and ecologically cohesive group within Mimosa. An updated identification key for this series is provided. Keywords: Brazil; Cerrado; Fabaceae; Maranhão; morphology; taxonomy; trnD-trnT 1. Introduction The large genus Mimosa (Leguminosae) is particularly diverse in the Cerrado, a savanna-dominated ecoregion covering 2 million square kilometers in central Brazil and eastern parts of Bolivia and Paraguay [1,2]. Vegetation in the Cerrado varies from tall savanna woodlands to open grasslands, with gallery forests or seasonally waterlogged marshes and fields occurring along watercourses. Soils are generally nutrient-poor, highly acidic and aluminum-rich, and precipitation is highly seasonal with a pronounced winter dry season from May to October [2]. High seasonality and the accumulation of dry biomass makes Cerrado savannas and grasslands fire-prone, and species from many plant lineages show adaptations to cope with fire regimes [3]. The detailed monograph of Barneby [4] for the Neotropics and latter studies [5–12] allowed the recognition of ca. 200 species of Mimosa in the Cerrado. Most of these species exhibit a restricted distribution; consequently, this ecoregion exhibits high levels of endemism for the genus, particularly in the highlands [13]. Plants 2020, 9, 934; doi:10.3390/plants9080934 www.mdpi.com/journal/plants Plants 2020, 9, 934 2 of 11 Plants 2020, 9, x 2 of 11 This genus has been divided into five sections, largely based on floral and trichome characters [4]: sect.sect.Mimadenia Mimosa. However,Barneby, sect.new BatocaulonphylogeneticDC., insights sect. Habbasia are challengingDC., sect. thisCalothamnos proposal; inBarneby, these works, and sect. Mimosa.based onHowever, different newchloroplast phylogenetic markers insights [14,15], are only challenging sect. Mimadenia this proposal; was recovered in these as monophyletic. works, based on diMembersfferent chloroplast of sections markers Batocaulon [14 ,and15], onlyHabbasia sect. formedMimadenia a paraphyleticwas recovered clade, as whereas monophyletic. sect. Calothamnos Members of sectionswas nestedBatocaulon withinand sect.Habbasia Mimosaformed. a paraphyletic clade, whereas sect. Calothamnos was nested within sect. MimosaIn spite. of the discussion about the sections proposed by Barneby [4] several infrageneric groupsIn spite of the of thegenus discussion at the level about of series the sections or subseries proposed were by recovered Barneby [ as4] severalmonophyletic, infrageneric such groupsas sect. of theBatocaulon genus at ser. the Stipellares level of series Benth., or subseriessect. Mimosa were subser. recovered Obstrigosae as monophyletic, (Benth.) Barneby, such as and sect. sect.Batocaulon Habbasiaser. Stipellaresser. BipinnataeBenth., [14,15]. sect. Mimosa However,subser. forObstrigosae many infrageneric(Benth.) Barneby, groups, and taxonomic sect. Habbasia samplingser. Bipinnatae needs to[14 be,15 ]. However,increased for to allow many for infrageneric more robust groups, conclusions. taxonomic sampling needs to be increased to allow for more robustDetailed conclusions. studies to infer diagnostic characters for well‐supported groups in Mimosa are still lacking.Detailed A preliminary studies to infer assessment diagnostic of characterscharacter forevolution well-supported in Mimosa groups has shown in Mimosa that,are except still lacking. for Aextrafloral preliminary nectaries assessment and of pollen character grain evolution morphology, in Mimosa the mainhas shown characters that, used except to for define extrafloral infrageneric nectaries andgroups pollen are grain homoplasic morphology, [15]. The the main fact that characters many morphological used to define infragenericcharacters evolved groups independently are homoplasic in [15 ]. Thedifferent fact that clades many makes morphological the search characters for diagnostic evolved characters independently a challenging in diff taskerent in clades Mimosa makes. the search for diagnosticThe aim characters of this work a challenging was to evaluate task in a Mimosapossible. new Mimosa species from the Cerrado, as well as Theinvestigate aim of thisits workphylogenetic was to evaluateposition a in possible the genus new Mimosa[15]. Inspecies addition, from we the re Cerrado,‐evaluated as well the as investigatemonophyly its of phylogenetic ser. Bipinnatae position with the in the inclusion genus [of15 newly]. In addition, generated we sequences re-evaluated in the the phylogeny. monophyly of ser. Bipinnatae with the inclusion of newly generated sequences in the phylogeny. 2. Results 2. Results 2.1. Taxonomic Treatment 2.1. Taxonomic Treatment Mimosa carolina M.Morales & Marc.F.Simon, sp. nov. Figures 1 and 2. Mimosa carolina M.Morales & Marc.F.Simon, sp. nov. Figures1 and2. Figure 1. Mimosa carolina. (A) Flowering and fruiting branch; (B). Stipules. (C). Section of the primary rachis with one pair of pinnae. (D). Leaflet, adaxial face. (E). Leaflet, abaxial face. (F). Inflorescence. Figure 1. Mimosa carolina. (A) Flowering and fruiting branch; (B). Stipules. (C). Section of the primary (G). Closed flower. (H). Opened flower. (I). Opened calyx. (J). Fruit. Drawn from the isotype (BAB) by rachis with one pair of pinnae. (D). Leaflet, adaxial face. (E). Leaflet, abaxial face. (F). Inflorescence. Angélica Marino. (G). Closed flower. (H). Opened flower. (I). Opened calyx. (J). Fruit. Drawn from the isotype (BAB) by Angélica Marino. Plants 2020, 9, 934 3 of 11 Plants 2020, 9, x 3 of 11 FigureFigure 2. Mimosa2. Mimosa carolina. carolina.(A ).(A Prostate). Prostate habit. habit. (B). ( ImmatureB). Immature fruits. fruits. (C). Base(C). Base of plant of plant with severalwith several slender branchesslender arising branches from arising a wood from xylopodium. a wood xylopodium. (D). Inflorescence. (D). Inflorescence. Photos by Photos Marcelo by Simon. Marcelo Simon. 2.1.1.2.1.1. Type Type and and Diagnosis Diagnosis Brazil.Brazil. Maranh Maranhão:ão: Carolina, Carolina, Parque Parque Nacional Nacional da Chapadada Chapada das das Mesas, Mesas, acesso acesso N no N km no 519 km da 519 BR-230, da 10BR km‐230, N, 10 Gleba km 2,N, 09 Gleba April 2, 2016, 09 AprilM. F.2016, Simon M. etF. al.Simon2828 et (holotype:al. 2828 (holotype: CEN!; isotypes: CEN!; isotypes: BAB!; HUEFS!; BAB!; IAN!;HUEFS!; RB!). IAN!; RB!). MimosaMimosa carolina carolinais is similar similar to to the the widespread widespreadM. M. somnians somniansHumb. Humb. & & Bompl. Bompl. exex Willd,Willd, fromfrom which it diitff ersdiffers by a by prostrate a prostrate habit habit with slenderwith slender stems stems (vs. erect (vs. subshruberect subshrub with robust with robust stems), stems), that are that glabrous are (vs.glabrous pubescent (vs. to pubescent hispid, rarely to hispid, glabrous), rarely and glabrous), unarmed and (vs. unarmed sometimes (vs. armed), sometimes shorter armed), pinnae shorter (4–8 mm long)pinnae with (4–8 6–10 mm pairs long) of leaflets with 6–10 (vs. pinnaepairs of 10–55 leaflets mm (vs. long pinnae with 13–5010–55 pairsmm long of leaflets), with 13–50 the insertion pairs of of pinnaeleaflets), on leafthe insertion rachis v-shaped of pinnae (vs. on insertion leaf rachis of v pinnae‐shaped straight (vs. insertion on the leafof pinnae rachis), straight and the on absence the leaf of interpinnalrachis), and spicules the absence (vs. interpinnal of interpinnal spicules spicules present); (vs. interpinnal it differs from spicules the poorlypresent); known it differsM. leptorhachisfrom the Benth.poorly by known the prostrate M. leptorhachis habit (vs. Benth. erect), by glabrous the prostrate stems habit (vs. hispidous), (vs. erect), glabrous insertion stems of pinnae (vs. onhispidous), leaf rachis v-shapedinsertion (vs. of insertionpinnae on of pinnaeleaf rachis straight v‐shaped on the (vs. leaf insertion rachis) and of absence pinnae ofstraight interpinnal on the spicules leaf rachis)
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