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Lilium eupetes, a new species of lily from where it grows epiphytically on large forest trees

Additional material examined: Vietnam, Lào Cai province, Nov 2006. BSWJ 11796 (Herb. BSWJ; photo WSY); floral parts from cultivated , Crûg Farm , Oct 2007, BSWJ 11722 (WSY). At first glance appearing like Lilium arboricola Stearn which is related to the L. primulinum group, but differing in the maroon-purple petals forming an open stellate-cam- panulate flower instead of the reflex- ed apple-green petals of L. arboricola. The flowers are superficially similar to those of L. souliei and L. taliense,

Photographs: Bleddyn Wynn-Jones Photographs: but these species differ in many details, including a lack of axiliary bulbils. Several other little known Lilium species, including L. puerense Three new Y.Y. Qian, L. rockii R.H. Miao and L. pyi H. Léveillé are recorded from adjacent , but based on the information given in the account of Crûg Farm Lilium in Flora of China (Songyun & Tamura 2000) they cannot be equa- ted with these collections from Vietnam. Since it has not been introductions possible to find a match for the Vietnamese collections they are A new Lilium species with a curious dispersal referred to a new species. mechanism, a new Ypsilandra variety and a new Origin of name Cardiandra hybrid are described by JULIAN SHAW The specific epithet, eupetes, is from a Greek word meaning ‘flying A NEW LILIUM SPECIES summer of 2007 it became apparent well’. This refers to the mode of Reports of an unusual lily found in that similarities with L. arboricola disseminating the bulbils which Vietnam by Bleddyn and Sue Wynn- were superficial and that this was a form in the leaf axils. The bulbils Jones of Crûg Farm Plants nursery new taxon. It is described and are attached firmly to the base of filtered through early in 2007 (Anon. formally named below. the subtending leaf. As the end of 2007a, b). At the time, it was the growing season nears and the thought to be the long-lost Lilium Lilium eupetes J.M.H. Shaw, sp. nov. plant begins to senesce, the leaves arboricola which was last found by Species habitu cum Lilium arboricola gradually wither and as they do, curl Frank Kingdon Ward in Upper Stearn optimae congruens, sed differt into a circular shape. The leaf Burma in 1953, because it shares the tepalis atro-purpuris, non reflexis. eventually detaches from the stem epiphytic habit of that species Type: Vietnam, Lào Cai province, and due to its circular shape spins (Stearn 1954, Brickell & Sharman 22 Nov 2006. B&S Wynn-Jones through the air carrying its propagule 1986). However, when plants in 11721 (holotype WSY). to new habitats. This mode of cultivation flowered during the dispersal is apparently unique.

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The epiphytic Lilium eupetes in fruit, growing wild in north Vietnam (above left). The maroon flowers (top right) are usually solitary and the scaly bulb (above right) is about 2.5cm in diameter – any larger and it might have difficulty remaining on the tree. One of the most distinctive features of this new species is the aerial dispersal of the bulbils (right): they are buoyed on air currents by the dead leaf

Description stellate; pedicel maroon. stigma white, hardly broader than Bulb globose, 2.5cm diameter; scales maroon-red on inner surface; the style, hardly lobed. Capsule oblong, yellowish-white, ovate-clubshaped or outer tepals 4 x 1.6cm, ovate-lanceol- 3 x c.1.5cm, light brown; pedicel curv- oblong with an acute apex. Stem erect, ate, strongly concave and shaped like ed upwards in fruit. Seeds numerous, glabrous, green, height to 45cm, the hull of a boat, minutely pustulate discoid, c.2mm diameter, light brown. rooting at base above the bulb. and greenish towards the apex but Leaves 17–19, alternate, lanceolate only on the outer surface; apex acum- Habitat or narrowly elliptic, (3–) 5–6.5 x 10- inate, slightly recurved; inner tepals This species grows in mosses on 16mm, light green with reddish 4 x c.1cm, with raised green midrib vertical trunks and horizontal midrib and a short narrow petiolar on outer surface; nectariferous zones branches of large forest trees, well region, mid-vein raised on upper side papillose, greenish-yellow. above the ground, at altitudes of of leaf, both surfaces glabrous, margin curving outwards, shorter than style; 1,900–2,000m. Lilium arboricola entire. Axils of upper leaves often filaments bright red, glabrous, c.16mm occupies similar habitats in northern with 1–3 small, green, conical bulbils. long; anthers 11–12mm long; connect- Burma. An interesting parallel is Leaves curling into a circle at senesc- ive red; pollen orange. Ovary cylind- provided by Hippeastrum arboricola in ence, detaching from stem but rical, bright shiny red, slightly shorter forests around El Dorado, Misiones retaining bulbils. Flower usually solit- than anthers; style maroon, extend- province, Argentina, where it can be ary, rarely 2, nodding, campanulate- ing beyond stamens, gently curved; found about 25m above the ground.

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Conservation and cultivation in a rosette around the apex, Lilium eupetes is known from several spathulate, 7–7.5 x 1.7–1.9cm at widest localities in Lào Cai province. The point, gradually narrowed to a petiole; exact locality details are withheld in veins prominent on underside; apex the interests of conservation. It is acute; margin slightly inrolled. Scape feared that teams of bulb collectors to 31cm, grooved, with numerous from China may illegally cross the bract-like leaves. Bract-like leaves border in an attempt to locate the not imbricated, 11–20 x 2–6mm, populations and remove the plants, becoming smaller towards apex. which are then likely to appear on Pedicels 5.5–9mm long, each subtend- the internet offered for sale as nursery- ed by a narrow bract, equalling or grown stock. Some Vietnamese slightly shorter than petiole. Tepals orchids have suffered this fate already white or cream, 4.5–5 x 1.7–2mm, and are almost extinct in the wild. spathulate, apex rounded. Stamens Seed has germinated well in 4.6–5mm long, exerted slightly cultivation and pans of seedlings beyond tepals at anthesis; filaments have been distributed to several white, 5mm long; anthers bright blue institutions. Not enough is known before dehiscence, 0.6–0.9mm long; about its requirements to give pollen creamy-white. Ovary apically reliable advice on cultivation. 3-lobed, dark blue-black at anthesis; style 1.5–1.8mm; stigma deeply 3- A NEW YPSILANDRA lobed, lobes 0.8–1mm, recurved, While collecting on Vietnam’s yellowish. Capsule and seeds unknown. highest mountain, Mount Fansipan, The original description of Bleddyn Wynn-Jones of Crûg Farm Ypsilandra yunnanensis by Smith & Plants, encountered a Ypsilandra Jeffrey (1916) cites four different which is believed to be endemic to collections at E which are regarded the region. After herbarium study it as syntypes since none is singled out became apparent that it falls within as a holotype. They are G. Forrest Y. yunnanensis W.W. Sm. & Jeffrey, Ypsilandra yunnanensis var. fansipanensis; 8956 and 12055 both from the and it is consequently described as a (top) and habit (above) Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan, variety of that species. China; Kingdon Ward 163 from yunnanensis, but differs in the regular northwest Yunnan, and Kingdon Ypsilandra yunnanensis W.W. Sm. shape, size and greater number of Ward 1808 from the Burmese- & Jeffrey var. fansipanensis J.M.H. leaves, longer stamens that often Chinese border. Duplicates of Shaw, var. nov. slightly exceeded the tepals, and capit- Forrest 8956 and 12055 have been Ex afinitate var. yunnanensi, ab foliorum ate inflorescence with more flowers. examined at K and BM. It appears forma et numerum, staminibus longi- that the description of Y. yunnanensis oribus, et floribus numerum distinctus. Description in Flora of China (Xinqi & Tamura Type: Cultivated Rhizome short, vertical, c.10 x 7mm, 2000) is based on these syntypes and pressed on 2 Oct 2007, originally brown with numerous annular scars; does not account for the variation collected from Vietnam, Lào Cai active roots arising from rhizome apex seen in the many other collections province, Mt. Fansipan, 2,700m, just below leaves, 1–1.5mm diameter, available, hence it appears to apply to 1 Dec 2006, B&S Wynn-Jones 11839 to 25–30cm long, hirsute. Leaves c.22 var. yunnanensis. It is certainly more (holotype WSY; isotype Herb. BWJ, sterile plant from same locality). The IDENTIFICATION KEY TO YPSILANDRA IN CULTIVATION holotype is a plant, collected in the 1a Stigma not capitate, deeply 3-lobed; style less than 2mm long Y. yunnanensis field as a sterile rosette and grown on 1b Stigma capitate, not or hardly 3-lobed; style over 5mm long 2 to flowering at Crûg Farm Plants, 2a Tepals 6–10mm long; stamens 1–2cm, clearly longer than tepals Y. thibetica north Wales. 2b Tepals 4–5mm long; stamens 5–6mm long, slightly longer than tepals Y. cavaleriei Most similar to Y. yunnanensis var.

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restrictive than the original descript- ion, which is curious since the Flora account chooses not to recognise any varieties. Plants similar to this Flora of China description are also illustrat- ed in the Iconographia of Chinese Plants (Anon. 1976). Smaller plants from high altitudes in the Himalayas have been descr- ibed as var. himalaica Hara (1978), which is based on Stainton, Sykes & Williams 6090, a collection from Central (BM!). This variety is well described in Flora of (Noltie 1994), and is also known from southeast Tibet. The Austrian Cardiandra x agricola, a deliberate hybrid created to expand the range of forms and colours in cultivation botanist Handel-Mazzetti also described a little known var. Resources (HN), Hanoi, has kindly publication of The European Garden micrantha Hand.-Mazz. (1936), based examined a further collection (Oct Flora (Cambridge University Press on a collection from China (Anon. 2007, KWJ 12279, Lào Cai province, 1984–2000), it does not appear in 1976), which may turn out to be an Sapa district, Hoang Lien National that work. Therefore, a key to species earlier name for var. himalaica Hara. Park at 2910m. Habitat: dense in cultivation is provided (p41). However, the holotype, probably at bamboo forest on high mountain). Field observations recorded on Vienna, has not been seen for this He has confirmed my findings and herbarium sheets indicate that study. It is possible that a further noted that var. fansipanensis has much flower colour varies greatly in the variety might be recognisable based longer pedicels at 5–7mm long wild. By relating these notes to the on collections from southeastTibet (2–3mm in var. yunnanensis), and relative age of the collections, it with unusually long leaves. filaments 8–10mm long. appears that the flowers open white Dr Nguyen Van Du of the Since the genus Ypsilandra has or pale pink and gradually, with age, Institute of Ecology and Biological been introduced to cultivation since begin to darken, some becoming spotted with purple or turning green IDENTIFICATION KEY TO CULTIVATED SPECIES OF CARDIANDRA during the process. Thus, flower 1a Showy sterile flowers absent C. amamiohsimensis colour is probably related to ageing 1b Showy sterile flowers present 2 rather than being indicative of plants 2a Sepals of sterile flowers equal, triangular, with flowers of different colour that marginal teeth absent or 1 large one C. alternifolia 2b Sepals of sterile flowers unequal, elliptic to lanceolate, margin with teeth 3 could be selected in cultivation. 3a Sepals of sterile flowers 2, lanceolate, 23–40mm long C. formosana 3b Sepals of sterile flowers 2–3, elliptic-lanceolate, 10–25mm long C. x agricola Cultivation and propagation This Ypsilandra is easily grown in an COMPARISON OF HYBRID CARDIANDRA WITH ITS PARENTS open, humus-rich compost in an un- C. alternifolia C. x agricola C. formosana heated polytunnel at Crûg Farm Plants. It can be propagated by seed, and Sterile flowers with Sterile flowers with Sterile flowers with from leaf cuttings from the basal ros- 3 sub-equal sepals 2 or 3 unequal sepals 2 unequal sepals ette in a manner similar to Heloniopsis. Sepals 9–10mm Sepals 10–25mm Sepals 23–40mm Sepal margins entire Sepal margins Sepal margins toothed A GARDEN HYBRID or with a single tooth toothed in lower part CARDIANDRA Sepals triangular Sepals elliptic-lanceolate Sepals lanceolate Cardiandra is a small genus of 2 to 5 species of herbaceous hydrangeas Leaf margins with Leaf margins with Leaf margins with from Japan, and adjacent 3 teeth per cm 3–4 teeth per cm 5–6 teeth per cm China that are beginning to make an

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appearance in western gardens the sepals of the sterile flowers, which As only C. alternifolia is treated in (Phillips & Rix 1991, Hinkley 1999). are elliptic-lanceolate and 10–25mm The European Garden Flora (Gardner The genus was reviewed by Ohba long. The seedlings are very variable 1995), a key to taxa in cultivation is (1985), and has since been treated in and several have been selected to provided (p42). several modern Floras (Huang 1993, provide a range of cultivars. This het- Wei & Bartholomew 2001, Ohba, erogeneity probably reflects the con- Cultivation and propagation 2003). The Hydrangeaceae are a group siderable variation found in C. altern- The species are easy to cultivate in of special interest at Crûg Farm Plants ifolia in the wild and a number of moist, humus-rich soil in semi-shade, where this hybrid was intentionally infraspecific names exist to describe where they gradually spread to form produced. The epithet agricola, this variation. Some of these variants attractive clumps. The hybrid is literally ‘dwelling on a farm’, refers and their names could be useful in likely to have the same requirements. to the origin of this hybrid at horticulture. Desirable plants include Propagation is by seed, and division Crûg Farm Plants. f. formosa Honda with nearly all of the rhizome; the latter is likely to flowers with showy sepals, and f. be more appropriate for the hybrid. Cardiandra x agricola J.M.H. Shaw, mirabilis (Takeda) Sugim. ex H. Ohba hybr. nov. with 4–5 petaloid sepals to 2cm long. JULIAN MH SHAW is a Senior Hybrida hortensis e Cardiandra For detailed treatment see Ohba Registrar in the RHS Botany alternifolio (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc., (1985, 2003). Department et C. formosana Hayata genita, floribus sterilibus magnitudine et forma REFERENCES florum sterilium (sepalis ovatis- laceolatis, 1–25mm longis) et aliis Anon. (2007a) Plant Focus. The Ohba, H (1985) A systematic revision Plantsman n.s. 6(2): 73 of the genus Cardiandra. Part 1. characteribus inter parentes media. Anon. (2007b) News. The Garden Characters. J. Jap. Bot. 60: 139–147 Type: Cultivated seedling, Crûg 132(5): 289 Ohba, H (1985) A systematic revision Farm Plants, north Wales, Oct Anon. (1976) Ypsilandra yunnanensis. of the genus Cardiandra. Part 2. Taxon- 2007. B&SWJ s.n. (holotype WSY). Iconogr. Cormophyt. Sin. 5: 425, f. 7680 omic treatment. J. Jap. Bot. 60: 161–171 Voucher specimens for both Brickell, C & Sharman, F (1986) Ohba, H (2003) Cardiandra. In parental plants, C. alternifolia var. The Vanishing Garden. John Murray, Iwatsuki, K, Yamazaki, T, Boufford, alternifolia BSWJ 5719 from Ikegawa, London. DE & Ohba, H (eds) Flora of Japan Gardner, MF (1995) Cardiandra. In Vol 2b. Kodansha, Tokyo route 494 to Omogokei Gorge, Shi- Cullen, J et al. (eds) The European Phillips,R & Rix, M (1991) koku, Japan, 1500m, and C. formosana Garden Flora. Vol 4. Cambridge Perennials. Vol 2. Pan Books, London BSWJ 3615 from Hsitou experiment- University Press, Cambridge Smith, WW & Jeffrey, JF (1916) al forest, National Taiwan Univers- Handel-Mazzetti, H (1936) Diagnoses specierum novarum. Notes ity, Nantou County, Taiwan, 1550m, Ypsilandra. Symb. Sin. 7: 1192–1193 Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 143–144 are also deposited at WSY along Hara, H. (1978) Ypsilandra. In Hara, Songyun, L & Tamura, MN (2000) with the holotype. H, Stearn, WT & Williams, LHJ (eds) Lilium. In Flora of China Editorial An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants Committe (eds) Flora of China. Vol The hybrid is intermediate betw- of Nepal. Vol 1. British Museum 24. Science Press, Beijing, and een its parents, and differs most (Natural History), London Missouri Botanical Garden Press, noticeably in the size and shape of Hinkley, DJ (1999) The Explorer’s St Louis Garden. Timber Press, Portland, Stearn, WT (1954) Lilium arboricola, Oregon. Kingdon Ward’s epiphytic Burmese ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Huang, T-C (1993) Cardiandra. In lily. Gard. Chron. 25 Sept 1954: 126–127 I would like to thank Bleddyn Wynn- Editorial Committee for Flora of Wei, Z & Bartholomew, B (2001) Jones at Crûg Farm Plants for kindly Taiwan (eds) Flora of Taiwan. National Cardiandra. In Flora of China Editor- making material available for study Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan ial Committe (eds) Flora of China. Vol and inviting me to describe these plants. Li, H (1977) Cadiandra. In Editorial 8. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Also, the staff at the Botany Library Committee for Flora of Taiwan (eds) Botanical Garden Press, St Louis and General Herbarium, Natural Flora of Taiwan. ed. 1. National Xinqi, C & Tamura, MN (2000) History Museum, London, the Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan Ypsilandra. In Flora of China Editorial Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Noltie, HJ (1994) Flora of Bhutan. Committee (eds) Flora of China. Vol 24. Kew, and the RHS Wisley Laboratory Vol 3, part 1. Royal Botanic Garden, Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Library for access to research materials. Edinburgh Botanical Garden Press, St Louis

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