DOCSLIB.ORG

Genetic Diversity of the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Ypsilandra Thibetica (Melanthiaceae): Applications for Conservation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genetic Diversity of the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Ypsilandra Thibetica (Melanthiaceae): Applications for Conservation Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 39 (2011) 425–433 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biochemical Systematics and Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biochemsyseco Genetic diversity of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Ypsilandra thibetica (Melanthiaceae): Applications for conservation Hong-Tao Li a,b, Hong Wang a, Jun-Bo Yang a,b, De-Zhu Li a,b,* a Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650204, China b The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China article info abstract Article history: Twelve microsatellite markers were developed to determine the genetic diversity and Received 31 December 2010 genetic structure of Ypsilandra thibetica, represented by a total of 90 individuals from six Accepted 3 June 2011 natural populations. All twelve microsatellite loci were polymorphic, and the results Available online 28 June 2011 indicated that a high genetic diversity was present within populations (mean RS ¼ 4.996; mean HE ¼ 0.615), with high levels of genetic structure (mean FST ¼ 0.165; mean Keywords: FIS ¼ 0.692) among populations. This pattern is likely attributable to consanguineous Conservation mating, and this hypothesis is supported by a low relatedness coefficient. Our study Genetic diversity fl Gene flow suggested that environment factors might restrict gene ow among populations. In Microsatellite markers addition, physical distances between populations were not related to genetic distances, Ypsilandra thibetica implying that ancestral populations might have been distributed over a wider area. These results suggest that Y. thibetica should be a high priority for conservation managers. Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The genus Ypsilandra Franchet (Melanthiaceae) comprises six herbaceous plant species and is mainly distributed in China (Chen and Minoru, 2000; Chen et al., 2003). Species of Ypsilandra are perennial with thick rhizomes, and are associated with moist hillsides, shady slopes and forested habitats. Ypsilandra thibetica Franchet is endemic to southwestern China. It is distinguished from related species by the length of its pedicels and tepals (6–10 mm), and by the 10–18 mm long stamens that extend beyond its tepals at anthesis (Chen and Minoru, 2000). Y. thibetica has been used in traditional Chinese medicine especially in southwestern China (Xie et al., 2009). The pharmacological effects of Y. thibetica materials include hemostatic (Jiangsu, 1977; Zhou et al., 2003) and anticancer (Li et al., 1995) properties. Traditional medical treatments involving phytotherapy have played important roles for people throughout history, and modern medicine owes some if its success to these practices. More than 80% of the world’s population use medical treatments based on plant remedies, and more than 20% of the world’s pharmaceutical medicines are derived from plants (Rai et al., 2000). Unfortunately, overharvesting has resulted in a severe decline of many plant species and even the extinction of some (Mills, 2006). Preliminary investigations in China indicated that Y. thibetica habitats have shrunk and population numbers have declined over the last two decades. In our survey of its habitat, no wild populations of Y. thibetica harbored more than 30 individuals, and most contained fewer than 10 individuals. Their habitats have become highly fragmentized by anthropogenic disruptions. As such, successful conservation of this species will depend upon judicious interventions based on sound genetic diversity data of these populations. In this study, twelve polymorphic microsatellite markers for Y. thibetica * Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650204, China. Tel.: þ86 871 5223503; fax: þ86 871 5217791. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (H.-T. Li), [email protected] (H. Wang), [email protected] (J.-B. Yang), [email protected] (D.-Z. Li). 0305-1978/$ – see front matter Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2011.06.004 426 H.-T. Li et al. / Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 39 (2011) 425–433 were developed and evaluated their diversity among 6 natural populations. The research objectives were to describe the genetic diversity of Y. thibetica and to propose conservation measures for this important medicinal herb. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Materials More than 20 wild populations of Y. thibetica were surveyed, of which most contained fewer than 10 individuals and only six had more than 20 individuals. Fourteen to 16 individuals from each of six natural populations of Y. thibetica were sampled from locations across its range, for a total of 90 individuals (Fig.1, Table 1). A 10 m minimum distance between individuals was implemented to reduce the potential of sampling ramets from the same genetic. Healthy, clean leaves were collected from each individual, then quickly desiccated and dried in silica gel. A portion of each sample was separated and deposited as a herbarium specimen at the Herbarium of the Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KUN). 2.2. DNA extraction, microsatellite marker development For each sample, total genomic DNA was isolated from 0.2 g silica gel-dried leaf material ground in liquid nitrogen following a modified CTAB method (Doyle and Doyle, 1987), using 4% CTAB instead of 2%, and the addition of approximately 1% polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVP) and 2% b-mercaptoethanol. The isolation of microsatellite loci was performed according to the FIASCO method (fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats) (Zane et al., 2002). Total genomic DNA (about 500 ng) was completely digested with MseI and then ligated to an MseI AFLP adapter. A diluted digestion-ligation mixture (1:10) was amplified with adapter-specific primers (50-GAT- GAGTCCTGAGTAAN-30). Amplified DNA fragments of sizes ranging from 200 to 800 bp were enriched for repeats by magnetic 0 bead selection with 5 -biotinylated (AC) 15,(AG)15, and (AAG) 10 probes. Subsequently, enriched fragments were amplified again with adapter-specific primers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were purified using an EZNA Gel Extraction Kit (Omega Bio-Tek). Purified DNA fragments were ligated into the pGEM-T vector (Promega), and transformed into DH5a cells. Positive clones were tested by PCR using (AC) 10/(AG) 10/(AAG) 7 and T7/Sp6 primers. In total, 320 clones with positive inserts were sequenced with an ABI PRISM 3730XL DNA sequencer. A total of 240 (75%) sequences were found to contain Fig. 1. Distribution and sampling locations for Ypsilandra thibetica in southwestern China. H.-T. Li et al. / Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 39 (2011) 425–433 427 Table 1 Localities and sample sizes for the six Ypsilandra thibetica populations. Provinces Populations Codes Coordinates na Chongqing Nanchuan NC 29.10N, 107.05E 15 Guangxi Longsheng LS 25.78N, 110.02E 15 Guangxi Maoershan ME 25.81N, 110.66E 16 Hunan Xinning XN 26.44N, 110.84E 15 Sichuan Luding LD 29.92N, 102.25E 14 Yunnan Zhaotong ZT 26.90N, 102.92E 15 a The sample sizes (n) represent number of individuals analyzed. microsatellite repeats, and 60 of them were suitable for designing locus-specific primers, using the primer 5.0 program (Clarke and Gorley, 2001). All 60 microsatellite loci were screened for polymorphisms using genomic DNA of 30 samples of Y. thibetica from six natural populations in southwest China. The PCR reactions were performed in 15 ml of reaction containing 30–50 ng genomic DNA, 0.6 mM of each primer, 7.5 ml2Â Taq PCR MasterMix (Tiangen), 0.1 U Taq Polymerase/ml, 0.5 mM dNTP each, 20 mM Tris– HCl (PH8.3), 100 mM KCl, 3 mM MgCl2). PCR amplifications were conducted under the following conditions: 97 C for 3 min; 32 cycles at 94 C for 40 s, specific annealing temperature (Table 2) for 40 s, and 72 C for 1 min; followed by a final extension step at 72 C for 7 min. PCR products were separated and visualized using QIAxcel gel electrophoresis system (QIAGEN, Irvine, USA). Genotypes of 90 individuals were determined using 12 nuclear simple sequence repeat (nSSR) markers developed in this study (Y182, Y536, Y371, Y420, Y406, Y407, Y448, YL2, Y501, YL4, Y58, Y463). 2.3. Data analysis The numbers of observed alleles (Na), numbers of alleles per population (Nap) and number of effective alleles (Ne)were calculated for each of the 12 loci, and overall Na and Ne were calculated for each of the six populations using GenALEX 6 (Peakall and Smouse, 2006). Summary statistics for allelic richness (El Mousadik and Petit, 1996), observed heterozygosity (HO), expected heterozygosity (HE; Nei, 1987), and fixation index (FIS ¼ 1ÀHO/HE) were calculated over all loci and populations using FSTAT version 2.9.3.2 (Goudet, 1995), GENETIX 4.0.5 (Belkhir et al., 2001) and GENEPOP version 4.0 (Raymond and Rousset, 1995). FSTAT version 2.9.3.2 was used to test departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium at each locus, as well as linkage disequilibrium between loci (alleles were randomized 1000 times over all samples). Table 2 Specific primer sequences and allelic characteristics for fifteen microsatellite loci isolated from Ypsilandra thibetica. 0 0 Locus Repeat motif Primer sequences (5 –3 )Ta(C) Expect size(bp) Allele size (bp) A HO HE GenBank Accession no. Y182 (AG)6AA(AG)7 F:TACTTAGGTGGGGTGGGC 55 228 224–248 8 0.242 0.680 GQ856940 R:AGGAACAAAAGGTGGTGA
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
    Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus.
    [Show full text]
  • J. Jpn. Bot. 73
    植物研究雑誌 J. J. Jpn. Bo t. 73: 73: 102-115 (1 998) Phylogenetic Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Studies onHelonias ，Ypsilandra andHeloniopsis 111. 111. Taxonomic Revision Noriyuki Noriyuki TANAKA Department Department of Education ，School of Liberal Arts ，Teikyo University 359 359 Otsuka ，Hachioji-shi ，Tokyo ，192-0395 JAPAN (Received (Received on April 2 ，1997) The three genera ，Helonias ，浄silandra and Heloniopsis have not sufficient differ- ences ences to be distinguished from each other in generic rank. Accordingly the three genera were were unified into one genus. Heloniopsis and Ypsilandra were reduced to Helonias. The following following taxonomic reductions were also made in this paper; i.e. ， both Y. cav αleriei and Y. Y. kansuensis were reduced to Helonias thibetic α; both Heloniopsis arisanensis and eloniopsis H eloniopsis taiwanensis to Helonias umbellata; Y. yunnanensis var. himalaica to Helonias yunnanensis; yunnanensis; Sugerokia nipponica ，Heloniopsis japonica v紅 .flavida ， H. japonica v紅. albiflora albiflora and H. japonica var. tessellata to Helonias breviscapa. Fl oral colour variants were were not distinguished as distinct taxa. As a result ， a total of nine species were recognized in in the emended Heloni ω. Eight new names were produced as a consequence of the transference transference of both ゆsilandra and Heloniopsis to Helonias. (Continued (Continued from 1. Jpn. Bo t. 72: 329-336 ， 1997) According to my previous studies (Tanaka H. kawanoi ， the basal part of the inner fila- 1997a ，1997c-e) ，Helonias and Ypsilandra ments is located very close to that of the ovary ， differ differ mainly in the following characters; i.e. ， and this state does not differ so markedly from themo ゅhology of seeds ， the number of ovules that in Ypsilandra in which the two floral per per loculus of an ov 紅 y， the number of flowers organs are adnate to each other only very per per scape ，and the presence or absence of a shortly at their bases.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of Melanthiaceae (Liliales) with Focus on Character Evolution in Tribe Melanthieae Wendy B
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 44 2006 A Synopsis of Melanthiaceae (Liliales) with Focus on Character Evolution in Tribe Melanthieae Wendy B. Zomlefer University of Georgia Walter S. Judd University of Florida W. Mark Whitten University of Florida Norris H. Williams University of Florida Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Zomlefer, Wendy B.; Judd, Walter S.; Whitten, W. Mark; and Williams, Norris H. (2006) "A Synopsis of Melanthiaceae (Liliales) with Focus on Character Evolution in Tribe Melanthieae," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 44. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/44 Aliso 22, pp. 566-578 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden A SYNOPSIS OF MELANTHIACEAE (LILIALES) WITH FOCUS ON CHARACTER EVOLUTION IN TRIBE MELANTHIEAE WENDY B. ZOMLEFER, 1.4 WALTERS. JUDD,2 W. MARK WHITTEN, 3 AND NORRIS H. WILLIAMS3 1Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, 2502 Miller Plant Sciences, Athens, Georgia 30602-7271, USA; 2Department of Botany, University of Florida, PO Box 118526, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8526, USA ([email protected]); 3Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, PO Box 117800, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800, USA ([email protected]), ([email protected]) 4 Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Melanthiaceae s.l. comprises five tribes: Chionographideae, Heloniadeae, Melanthieae, Parideae, and Xerophylleae--each defined by distinctive autapomorphies. The most morphologically diverse tribe Melanthieae, now with seven genera, had not been subject to rigorous phylogenetic character study prior to the current series of investigations that also include an overview of the family.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plant Conservation
    MEDICINAL Medicinal Plant PLANT SPECIALIST Conservation GROUP Volume 15 Newsletter of the Medicinal Plant Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Chaired by Danna J. Leaman Chair’s note .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Taxon file Conservation of the Palo Santo tree, Bulnesia sarmientoi Lorentz ex Griseb, in the South America Chaco Region - Tomás Waller, Mariano Barros, Juan Draque & Patricio Micucci ............................. 4 Manejo Integral de poblaciones silvestres y cultivo agroecológico de Hombre grande (Quassia amara) en el Caribe de Costa Rica, América Central - Rafael Ángel Ocampo Sánchez ....................... 9 Regional file Chilean medicinal plants - Gloria Montenegro & Sharon Rodríguez ................................................. 15 Focus on Medicinal Plants in Madagascar - Julie Le Bigot ................................................................. 25 Medicinal Plants utilisation and conservation in the Small Island States of the SW Indian Ocean with particular emphasis on Mauritius - Ameenah Gurib-Fakim ............................................................... 29 Conservation assessment and management planning of medicinal plants in Tanzania - R.L. Mahunnah, S. Augustino, J.N. Otieno & J. Elia...................................................................................................... 35 Community based conservation of ethno-medicinal plants by tribal people of Orissa state,
    [Show full text]
  • Steroidal Saponin Ypsilandra Thibetica Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Carcinoma Cells Through the Mitochondrion-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Pathway
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY ISSN Print: 1560–8530; ISSN Online: 1814–9596 19F–018/2019/22–2–326–330 DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.1067 http://www.fspublishers.org Full Length Article Steroidal Saponin Ypsilandra thibetica Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Carcinoma Cells through the Mitochondrion-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Pathway Zhendong Zhao, Li Xia*, Dandan Xu, Guohong Zhou, Huiqing Huang, Daiying Zhou, Jin Lin, Shaolin Li and Jia Liu School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510520, P.R. China *For correspondence: [email protected] Abstract The whole plant of Ypsilandra thibetica Franch, a perennial herb, has the officinal functions in heat-clearing, detoxifying and relieving congeation. YB16, one of the steroidal saponin in Y. thibetic, exerts anticancer activity in prostate cancer and lung cancer. However, the bioactivity and underlying mechanisms of YB16 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are not understood. In the present study, by MTT, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential levels and intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, YB16 inhibited the proliferation of cells and induced apoptosis in CRC HCT116 and HCT8 cells. Meanwhile, YB16 provoked mitochondrial membrane potential depolarizing in a concentration-dependent manner. Further analysis showed that YB16 induced apoptosis via stimulating the production of intercellular ROS and the antioxidant NAC reversed the apoptosis in HCT116 and HCT8 after YB16 treatment. These datas demonstrated that YB16 induced
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Guided Tour Late
    Self-Guided Tour Late Welcome to the Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden (RSBG). This self-guided tour will take approximately 1-1.5 hours depending upon how long you spend ex- amining the plants. Please enjoy our 22 acre display of botanical splendor! Please keep in mind the following: Collecting seeds or any plant material is strictly prohibited. Smoking and pets are not allowed in the garden. Please remain on the paths. Picnicking is allowed only on the Con- servatory Terrace. 2525 South 336 St. Federal Way, WA 98063 253-838-4646 Microoft www.rhodygarden.org Open All Year, Tuesday to Sunday 10:00am to 4:00pm #1 Rhododendron strigillosum welcomes you to the gar- Now, go back to the main road and take a left. Walk From the stumpery, take the path to the pond den as you enter to the courtyard. This early flowering past the black bamboo on your left and a large garden (follow the sign). #15 Rhododendron la- species puts on a spectacular display every year. It has flowering Mahonia (#7) on your right. The bright nigerum is putting on a spectacular show this distinctive bristles on the midrib, petiole, and foliage. R. yellow flowers of this plant are a valuable food year and is from Tibet and India. Take a right strigillosum is native to Sichuan and NE Yunnan, China. source for over-wintering hummingbirds. turn to visit #16 Rhododendron ririei. The bell- shaped flowers are purplish in color with dark Turn left on the main road and continue to the path on nectar pouches and the lower surface of the the left.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity of Three European Veratrum Species Revealed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism
    Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 47: 1-8, 2017 BRC www.brc.amu.edu.pl DOI 10.1515/biorc-2017-0011 Submitted 13.06.2017, Accepted 30.09.2017 Genetic diversity of three European Veratrum species revealed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Magdalena Szeliga*, Joanna Ciura & Mirosław Tyrka Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland *corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. Chemical and genetic characterization of Veratrum species deposited in European collections is important for genepool preservation and identification of populations with desired metabolic properties.Veratrum album, V. lobelianum and V. nigrum are native to Europe, and in Poland are ranked as rare or threatened. Genetic variation of European Veratrum species was characterized by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The accumulation of jervine as a represen- tative of steroidal alkaloids was measured in seeds. Distribution of 380 markers generated from eight primer combinations was useful for studying genetic relationships among and within species in the Veratrum genus and the most divergent populations were identified. Genetic variation between 12 populations ofVeratrum species supports the classification ofV. lobelianum as a subspecies of V. album. However, the results need further validation on extended material. A higher genetic diversity (22.3%) was observed between populations of V. nigrum as compared to V. album (14.5%). Contents of jervine allowed for discrimina- tion of the studied Veratrum species and can be used as a potential chemotaxonomic marker. The highest jervine levels were found in V. album. V. nigrum seeds had only trace amounts and no jervine was detected in seeds of V.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of the Genus Chamaelirium (Melanthiaceae) with a New Infrageneric Classification Including Chionographis
    Taiwania 62(2): 157‒167, 2017 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2017.62.157 A synopsis of the genus Chamaelirium (Melanthiaceae) with a new infrageneric classification including Chionographis Noriyuki TANAKA 98-11 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0352 Japan. Email: [email protected] (Manuscript received 4 October 2016; accepted 28 March 2017; online published 3 May 2017) ABSTRACT: Two closely allied genera Chamaelirium Willd. and Chionographis Maxim. distributed disjunctively in eastern North America and eastern Asia are taxonomically reexamined, and a new classification is presented. Chionographis is included in Chamaelirium, and the latter comprises two sections Chamaelirium and Chionographis (Maxim.) N. Tanaka (comb. nov.). The former is monotypic (C. luteum), while the latter is subdivided into two subsections Chionographis and Cathayana N. Tanaka (subsect. nov.). The former subsection comprises four species indigenous to Japan and Korea, and the latter has four species native to Vietnam, Laos and China. A total of 14 new combinations at or below the rank of species (eight at specific, three at subspecific, and three at varietal rank) are circumscribed. Sect. Stenotepalon F. Maek. is reduced to a synonym of sect. Chionographis. Chamaelirium luteum Miq. f. gracilis Miq. is also reduced to a synonym of Chamaelirium japonicum (Willd.) N. Tanaka. Chamaelirium (s.l.) and its infrageneric taxa (two sections and two subsections) are regarded respectively as monophyletic on the basis of morphological and phenological data. KEY WORDS: Chamaelirium, Chionographis, Diversity, Melanthiaceae, Monophyly, Phylogeny, Taxonomic revision. INTRODUCTION unequal tepals (vs. actinomorphic flowers with equal tepals) (Engler, 1887; Hara, 1968; Tanaka, 2003). Chamaelirium Willd. is a monotypic genus (C.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Classification of Seed Plants of Taiwan
    Lin and Chung Bot Stud (2017) 58:52 DOI 10.1186/s40529-017-0206-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Phylogenetic Classifcation of Seed Plants of Taiwan Cheng‑Tao Lin1 and Kuo‑Fang Chung2* Abstract Background: Biological classifcation, the hierarchical arrangement of scientifc names of organisms, constitutes the core infrastructure of biological databases. For an efcient management of biological databases, adopting a stable and universal biological classifcation system is crucial. Currently in Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility (TaiBIF; http://taibif.tw/), the national portal website that integrates Taiwan’s biodiversity information databases, angiosperms are arranged according to Cronquist’s System of Classifcation, which is not compatible with current trend of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classifcation. To consolidate the function and management of the database, TaiBIF is moving to adopt the APG IV classifcation and Christenhusz et al. (Phytotaxa 19:55–70, 2011)’s classifcation of gymnosperms, which we summarize as the Phylogenetic Classifcation of Seed Plants of Taiwan. Results: The Phylogenetic Classifcation of Seed Plants of Taiwan places gymnosperms in fve families [vs. eight families in the Flora of Taiwan (FOT)] and angiosperms in 210 families (vs. 193 families in FOT). Three FOT gymnosperm families are synonymized in current treatment. Of the 210 APG IV families, familial circumscriptions of 114 families are identical with FOT and 50 families are recircumscription of FOT, with 46 families newly added. Of the 29 FOT families not included in current classifcation, two families are excluded and 27 families are synonymized. Conclusions: The adoption of the Phylogenetic Classifcation of Seed Plants of Taiwan in TaiBIF will provide better service and efcient management of the nation’s biodiversity information databases.
    [Show full text]
  • Three New Crûg Farm Introductions
    d Lilium 25/3/08 11:21 Page 1 PlantsmanThe Lilium eupetes, a new species of lily from Vietnam where it grows epiphytically on large forest trees Additional material examined: Vietnam, Lào Cai province, Nov 2006. BSWJ 11796 (Herb. BSWJ; photo WSY); floral parts from cultivated plant, Crûg Farm Plants, Oct 2007, BSWJ 11722 (WSY). At first glance appearing like Lilium arboricola Stearn which is related to the L. primulinum group, but differing in the maroon-purple petals forming an open stellate-cam- panulate flower instead of the reflex- ed apple-green petals of L. arboricola. The flowers are superficially similar to those of L. souliei and L. taliense, Photographs: Bleddyn Wynn-Jones Photographs: but these species differ in many details, including a lack of axiliary bulbils. Several other little known Lilium species, including L. puerense Three new Y.Y. Qian, L. rockii R.H. Miao and L. pyi H. Léveillé are recorded from adjacent Yunnan, but based on the information given in the account of Crûg Farm Lilium in Flora of China (Songyun & Tamura 2000) they cannot be equa- ted with these collections from Vietnam. Since it has not been introductions possible to find a match for the Vietnamese collections they are A new Lilium species with a curious dispersal referred to a new species. mechanism, a new Ypsilandra variety and a new Origin of name Cardiandra hybrid are described by JULIAN SHAW The specific epithet, eupetes, is from a Greek word meaning ‘flying A NEW LILIUM SPECIES summer of 2007 it became apparent well’. This refers to the mode of Reports of an unusual lily found in that similarities with L.
    [Show full text]
  • From Guangxi, China
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317960938 Oreocharis crispata, a new species of Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae) from Guangxi, China Article in Phytotaxa · June 2017 DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.311.2.8 CITATIONS READS 2 46 6 authors, including: Wen-Hong Chen Yi-Gang Wei Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangxi Institute of Botany, CAS 31 PUBLICATIONS 104 CITATIONS 73 PUBLICATIONS 500 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Fang Wen Yu M. Shui Guangxi Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 82 PUBLICATIONS 367 CITATIONS 61 PUBLICATIONS 281 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Karst vascular plant diversity View project Taxonomy of the species-rich genus Elatostema View project All content following this page was uploaded by Fang Wen on 11 May 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Phytotaxa 311 (2): 195–199 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.311.2.8 Oreocharis crispata, a new species of Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae) from Guangxi, China RUN-ZHENG CHEN 1, 4, 5, WEN-HONG CHEN 1, 4, YI-GANG WEI 2, FANG WEN 2, XUN-LIN YU 3 & YU-MIN SHUI 1, 4, * 1 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China 2 Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China 3 College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China 4 Karst Conservation Initiative of Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China 5 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Oreocharis crispata, a new species of Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae) from northeastern Guangxi, China, is described and illus- trated.
    [Show full text]
  • 6. YPSILANDRA Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 10: 93
    Flora of China 24: 86–87. 2000. 6. YPSILANDRA Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 10: 93. 1887. 丫蕊花属 ya rui hua shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Minoru N. Tamura Herbs perennial, with a short, thickened, slightly fleshy rhizome, glabrous. Leaves basal, rosulate, linear to lanceolate or oblan- ceolate, or spatulate, basally gradually narrowed to a petiole. Scape arising from axils of lateral leaves, erect, simple, with several to many scaly leaves. Inflorescence a terminal raceme, 2–30-flowered; bract absent. Flowers bisexual, usually nodding at anthesis, ascending in fruit, spreading funnelform. Tepals 6, free, with a nectary gland basally on adaxial side, persistent. Stamens 6, rather long, free from tepals, inner ones basally adnate to ovary, outer ones free; anthers usually reniform, basifixed, with confluent locules. Ovary superior, 3-lobed, 3-loculed; ovules many per locule. Style 1, very short to long; stigma capitate to 3-cleft. Fruit a capsule, trigonous, 3-lobed apically, loculicidal. Seeds numerous, narrowly fusiform, both ends caudate. Five species: Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal; five species (three endemic) in China. 1a. Stamens and style not extending beyond tepals at anthesis; stigma shortly or deeply 3-lobed (lobes 0.3–0.8 mm). 2a. Stigma deeply 3-lobed (lobes ca. 0.8 mm); style 1–1.5 mm; tepals 4–5 mm, spatulate or oblanceolate to elliptic, shorter than capsule; flowers 5–17 per scape ....................................................................................... 4. Y. yunnanensis 2b. Stigma shortly to moderately 3-lobed (lobes 0.3–0.5 mm); style 2.5–6 mm; tepals 7–12 mm, linear to linear- lanceolate, longer than capsule; flowers 2–6 per scape .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]