On the publication of the White Paper on Police 2010 The White Paper on Police 2010 has been created to further the understanding among the people of the current status of the activities of the police in Japan. This year’s White Paper contains a special feature which focuses on the theme of “Globalization of Crimes and Police Efforts.” Looking at the current state of crime involving foreigners in Japan, it is apparent that criminal organizations working on a global scale are invading Japan and that those already operating in this country are internationalizing their ranks. We are seeing a situation which can only be described as “globalized crime,” in which criminal acts develop on a global scale, posing grave threats to public order. The special feature analyzes each global criminal organization by their worldwide areas of operation and explains how organizations subject to investigation become opaque and fluid, dispersing their bases of operation all over the world through the division of roles and systematic support within the network of these bases. It also explains what the police are doing to fight this immense threat. Aside from the special feature, this White Paper contains a number of topics which the police would like to share with the people, including explanations on five special subjects, including “Toward the success of APEC 2010.” Finally, this White Paper discusses the current state of public order and police actions to reassure it. The section entitled “The Frontlines of Police Activity” contains articles featuring the honest feelings of the police men and women who are actually working on the street to protect Japan. In order to have this White Paper read by as many people as possible, we have endeavored to give easy-to-understand explanations using many diagrams and photographs. We sincerely hope that this White Paper will prove useful in deepening further the understanding of the police administration among the people. We hope for everyone’s support and cooperation for police activities in the future. Commissioner-General of the National Police Agency (NPA) Takaharu Ando July 2010 1 Explanatory Notes Definitions of terms occurring in this document are given below. 1 (1) Penal Code Offenses: Unless otherwise noted, this describes crimes prescribed under the Penal Code with the exception of dangerous driving causing death or bodily injury, professional negligence or grave negligence resulting in death or injury in a traffic accident, and vehicular manslaughter, and crimes prescribed under the laws given below, namely: “Explosives Control Act,” “Act on Duel,” “Act on Punishment of Physical Violence and Others,” “Act on Prevention and Disposition of Robbery, Theft, etc.,” “Act on Punishment of Unlawful Seizure of an Aircraft,” “Act on Punishment of Use and Others of Molotov Cocktails (Fire Bomb),” “Act on Punishment of the Acts to Cause Aviation Danger,” “Act on Punishment of Compulsion and Other Related Acts Committed by Those Having Taken Hostages,” “Act on Special Measures concerning the Prevention of Poisonous Substances from Contaminating Food in Circulation,” “Act on the Prevention of Bodily Harm Caused by Sarin and Similar Substances,” “Act on Punishment of Organized Crime and Control of Crime Proceeds and Other Matters”, “Act on Punishment of Politicians for Interceding with Government Agencies on Behalf of Business for Personal Gain” and “Act on Punishment of Provision, etc. of Funds for Criminal Acts for Purposes of Threatening the Public, etc.” (2) Special Act Offenses: These are such offenses excluded from (1) described above. Unless otherwise noted, following crimes are excluded: dangerous driving causing death or bodily injury, professional negligence or grave negligence resulting in death or injury in a traffic accident, and vehicular manslaughter, and crimes prescribed under the laws given below, namely: “Road Traffic Act,” “Road Transportation Act,” “Road Trucking Vehicle Act,” “Road Act,” “Automobile Damages Security Act,” “National Expressway Act,” “Parking Lot Act”, “Act on Securing Vehicle Parking Spaces,” “Act on Special Measures concerning the Prevention of Traffic Accidents by Large-Sized Vehicles Carrying Earth and Sand,” “Act on Special Measures concerning Improvement of Taxi Business,” “Truck Transportation Business Act,” “Trucking Business Act,” “Act on the Prevention of the Generation of Particulates from Studded Tires,” and “Act on Promoting Proper Substitute Driving Business.” (3) Crime Categories: The Penal Code offenses are classified into six types; namely, “felonious offenses,” “violent offenses,” “larceny offenses,” “intellectual offenses,” “moral offenses” and “other Penal Code offenses.” a. Felonious offenses: Murder, robbery, arson and rape b. Violent offenses: Violence, battery, intimidation, extortion, and unlawful assembly with dangerous weapons c. Larceny offenses: Larceny d. Intellectual offenses: Fraud, embezzlement (excluding embezzlement of lost articles), forgery, corruption, breach of trust, and crimes prescribed under the “Act on Punishment of Politicians for Interceding with Government Agencies on Behalf of Business for Personal Gain” e. Moral offenses: Gambling and indecency f. Other Penal Code offenses: Penal Code offense other than mentioned above, such as obstruction of performance of public duty, intrusion on habitation, arrest or confinement, damage or destruction of structures, etc. (4) Professional negligence or grave negligence resulting in death or injury: Unless otherwise noted, professional negligence or grave negligence resulting in death or injury regarding offenses other than traffic accidents come in this category. 2 (1) Delinquent minors: Juvenile criminals, law-breaking juveniles and crime-prone juveniles a. Juvenile criminal: Person who is 14-20 years old who has committed a crime (Article 3, Paragraph 1, Item 1, of the Juvenile Act) (a) Juvenile Penal Code offender: Juvenile criminal arrested by the police for a Penal code offense (b) Juvenile Special Act offender: Juvenile criminal arrested by the police for a Special Act offense b. Law-breaking juvenile: Person under the age of 14 involved in the violation of criminal laws (Article 3, Paragraph 1, Item 2 of the Juvenile Act) c. Crime-prone: Person under the age of 20 who is involved in pre-criminal activities not corresponding to 2 violation of criminal laws, and could commit crimes or become involved in the violation of criminal laws in the future (Article 3, Paragraph 1, Item 3 of the Juvenile Act) (2) Juveniles guilty of misconduct: Juvenile under the age of 20 who does not correspond to the definition of juvenile delinquent but who is taken into custody by the police due to the drinking of alcohol, smoking, running away from home, etc. 3 (1) Traffic accident: An accident involving human death or injury (an accident resulting in death or injury), caused by the road or rail traffic, as prescribed in Article 2, Paragraph 1, Item 1 of the Road Traffic Act. (2) Number of fatalities (resulting from traffic accidents): Number of persons dead within 24 hours after the traffic accident. (3) Number of fatalities within 30 days (resulting from traffic accidents): Number of persons dead within 30 days after the traffic accident (the day of the accident being counted as day 1). 4 (1) Number of confirmed cases: Number of cases the occurrence of which is known to the police. (2) Number of cases cleared: Number of cases arrested by the police regarding Penal Code offenses. Unless otherwise noted, the number of solved cases is included. (3) Clearance rate: The number of cases cleared as a proportion of the number of confirmed cases by the police is calculated by using the method given below and is displayed in percentages. (Number of cases cleared (including arrests of cases which were known before the reference year)) × 100 (Number of confirmed cases in the reference year) (4) Attempted crimes and preparations for crimes are also included in accomplished crimes. (5) The numeric values from Okinawa Prefecture before 14 May 1972 are not included in the various types of numeric values before 1972, unless otherwise noted. (6) Unless otherwise noted, statistics, diagrams and other numeric data are based on surveys conducted by the National Police Agency. (7) The “∆” symbol in the increase and decrease column of the diagram denotes a decrease. (8) In the distribution ratio of statistical diagrams, since fractions over 1/2 are counted (figures are rounded up to the higher value after 0.5) as one, and the rest are excluded, the total may not be 100.0. (9) The various numeric values in the year of 1989 (Heisei 1), unless otherwise noted, include the figures for the year of Showa 64 (1-7 January 1989). (10) Regarding the nationality of victims, “Chinese” denotes Chinese nationals, “Taiwanese” denotes a Chinese national who has a domicile in Taiwan or lives in Taiwan, and possesses a passport issued by the authorities of Taiwan with a visa issued by the Embassy of Japan in Thailand, and “Hong Kong, etc.” denotes a Chinese national who possesses a passport or other identification paper issued by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. 3 Special Feature: Globalization of Crimes and Police Efforts Regarding the Special Feature The theme of the Special Feature of the White Paper Crimes by foreign nationals visiting Japan have the on Police this year is “Globalization of Crimes and characteristic features of extensiveness, systemicity Police Efforts.” and anonymity, and these features have made Due to