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CHEM&140 Workbook Key F2019 A Collection of Worksheets and Laboratory Experiments 2019 Edition | Bellevue College Chemistry Department Faculty CHEM& 140 Workbook CHEM& 140 WORKBOOK A Collection of Worksheets and Laboratory Experiments Bellevue College Chemistry Department Faculty 2019 Edition Copyright © by Jennie Mayer, Gina Fiorini, Perminder Sandhu, and Shraddha Deodhar Copyright © by Van-Griner, LLC Photos and other illustrations are owned by Van-Griner Learning or used under license. All products used herein are for identification purposes only, and may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the author and publisher. The information and material contained in this manual are provided “as is,” and without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, including without limitation any warranty concerning accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of such information. Neither the authors, the publisher nor any copyright holder shall be responsible for any claims, attributable errors, omissions, or other inaccuracies contained in this manual. Nor shall they be liable for damages of any type, including but not limited to, direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of or relating to the use of such material or information. These experiments are designed to be used in college or university level laboratory courses, and should not be conducted unless there is an appropriate level of supervision, safety training, personal protective equipment and other safety facilities available for users. The publisher and authors believe that the lab experiments described in this manual, when conducted in conformity with the safety precautions described herein and according to appropriate laboratory safety procedures, are reasonably safe for students for whom this manual is directed. Nonetheless, many of the experiments are accompanied by some degree of risk, including human error, the failure or misuse of laboratory or electrical equipment, mis-measurement, spills of chemicals, and exposure to sharp objects, heat, blood, body fluids or other liquids. The publisher and authors disclaim any liability arising from such risks in connection with any of the experiments in the manual. Any users of this manual assume responsibility and risk associated with conducting any of the experiments set forth herein. If students have questions or problems with materials, procedures, or instructions on any experiment, they should always ask their instructor for immediate help before proceeding. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN: 978-1-61740-777-2 Van-Griner Learning Cincinnati, Ohio www.van-griner.com President: Dreis Van Landuyt Project Manager: Janelle Lange Customer Care Lead: Lauren Houseworth Mayer 777-2 Su19 313010 Copyright © 2020 CHEM& 140 WORKBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS CHEM& 140 Student Learning Objectives ...........................................1 Scientific Method: Observation, Hypothesis, Law, or Theory? .........................6 Element Symbols ................................................................7 Chemistry Matters! ..............................................................8 Molecular Level Diagrams .......................................................15 Elements, Compounds & Mixtures ................................................16 Scientific Notation: Powers of 10 .................................................19 Exponents .....................................................................20 Significant Figures ..............................................................21 Measurements and Significant Figures 1 ..........................................22 Measurements and Significant Figures 2 ..........................................23 Significant Figures and Scientific Notation ........................................24 Significant Figures in Calculations. .25 List of Metric Prefixes ..........................................................27 III TABLE OF CONTENTS Metric System Units & Definitions ................................................28 Two Methods for Metric Conversions ............................................30 Metric Conversions: Dimensional Analysis ........................................31 One-Step Metric Conversions Using Dimensional Analysis ..........................32 Two-Step Metric Conversions Using Dimensional Analysis ..........................33 Metric System: The Ladder Method ..............................................34 Metric Conversions ............................................................35 Multi-Step Conversions .........................................................36 Volume Conversions ............................................................38 Ratios as Conversion Factors ....................................................39 The Jabberwocky and Googs per Mulm ...........................................41 Converting Both Numerator & Denominator .......................................42 Squared or Cubed Unit Conversions ..............................................43 Units Raised to a Power .........................................................45 Density ........................................................................46 Activity: The Nuclear Atom ......................................................48 Periodic Table Search ...........................................................52 Atomic Theory, Periodic Table, and Ions ...........................................53 Atomic Structure: Isotopes and Ions ..............................................56 Isotope Calculations ............................................................57 Atomic Structure Review ........................................................58 Forming Ions ...................................................................60 Bohr Model Diagrams ...........................................................61 IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Charges of Ions ................................................................62 Tutorial: Ionic Nomenclature .....................................................64 Polyatomic Ions to Memorize ....................................................66 Memorizing Polyatomic Ions: The T43 Method .....................................67 Deriving Polyatomic Ions ........................................................68 Combining Ions .................................................................70 Ionic Compound Matrix .........................................................71 Ionic Nomenclature .............................................................72 Nomenclature Practice Test 1 ....................................................74 Covalent Compounds ...........................................................75 Covalent Nomenclature .........................................................76 Ionic or Molecular? .............................................................77 The Mole ......................................................................78 Mass, Moles, Avogadro’s Number, and Moles Within Moles Conversions .............79 Molar Mass ....................................................................80 Types of Substances ............................................................81 Moles, Grams, Number of Particles, and Elements in Compounds ....................82 Moles: Calculate the Missing Quantities ..........................................84 Mole Ratios Using Chemical Formulas ............................................85 Practicing Mole Ratios ..........................................................86 Moles within Moles .............................................................87 Percent Composition by Mass. 89 Empirical and Molecular Formulas ................................................90 V TABLE OF CONTENTS Review: Moles and Chemical Composition ........................................91 Review: Nomenclature and Chemical Composition . 93 Balancing Chemical Equations 1 ..................................................94 Balancing Chemical Equations 2 ..................................................95 Balancing Word Equations .......................................................96 Tutorial: Classifying Types of Reactions ...........................................97 Stoichiometry Practice .........................................................98 Stoichiometry 1 ................................................................99 Stoichiometry Calculations Using Balanced Equations .............................101 Stoichiometry: Iron Ore Smelting. .102 Stoichiometry: Removing CO2 in Space ...........................................103 Limiting Reactant by Moles. 104 Activity: Limiting Reactant ......................................................106 Theoretical Yield and Limiting Reagents ..........................................108 Percent Yield .................................................................109 Review: Stoichiometry .........................................................110 Molarity 1 ....................................................................112 Molarity 2 ....................................................................113 Molarity: Applications .........................................................114 Molarity: Fill-in-the-Blanks Table ................................................115
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