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CHEM&121 Workbook Key F2019 CHEM& 121 WORKBOOK A Collection of Worksheets and Laboratory Experiments Bellevue College Chemistry Department Faculty | 2019 Edition CHEM& 121 Workbook A Collection of Worksheets and Laboratory Experiments Bellevue College Chemistry Department 2019 Edition Copyright © by Jennie Mayer, Gina Fiorini, Perminder Sandhu, and Shraddha Deodhar Copyright © by Van-Griner, LLC Photos and other illustrations are owned by Van-Griner Learning or used under license. All products used herein are for identification purposes only, and may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the author and publisher. The information and material contained in this manual are provided “as is,” and without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, including without limitation any warranty concerning accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of such information. Neither the authors, the publisher nor any copyright holder shall be responsible for any claims, attributable errors, omissions, or other inaccuracies contained in this manual. Nor shall they be liable for damages of any type, including but not limited to, direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of or relating to the use of such material or information. These experiments are designed to be used in college or university level laboratory courses, and should not be conducted unless there is an appropriate level of supervision, safety training, personal protective equipment and other safety facilities available for users. The publisher and authors believe that the lab experiments described in this manual, when conducted in conformity with the safety precautions described herein and according to appropriate laboratory safety procedures, are reasonably safe for students for whom this manual is directed. Nonetheless, many of the experiments are accompanied by some degree of risk, including human error, the failure or misuse of laboratory or electrical equipment, mis-measurement, spills of chemicals, and exposure to sharp objects, heat, blood, body fluids or other liquids. The publisher and authors disclaim any liability arising from such risks in connection with any of the experiments in the manual. Any users of this manual assume responsibility and risk associated with conducting any of the experiments set forth herein. If students have questions or problems with materials, procedures, or instructions on any experiment, they should always ask their instructor for immediate help before proceeding. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN: 978-1-61740-776-5 Van-Griner Learning Cincinnati, Ohio www.van-griner.com President: Dreis Van Landuyt Project Manager: Janelle Lange Customer Care Lead: Lauren Houseworth Mayer 776-5 Su19 313009 Copyright © 2020 CHEM& 121 WORKBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS What Is CHEM& 121? ............................................................1 Basic Math Skills Check for CHEM& 121. 3 CHEM& 121 Student Learning Objectives ...........................................7 CHEM& 121 Pre- and Post-Exam Reflection .......................................12 Elements #1–20 ................................................................14 Unit 1 Matter 15 Chemistry Matters! .............................................................16 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures .............................................23 Tutorial: Chemical vs. Physical Changes ...........................................25 Notes: Physical States ..........................................................26 Unit 2 Measurements 29 Measurements and Significant Figures ............................................30 Significant Figures ..............................................................31 List of Metric Prefixes ..........................................................32 Metric System Units and Definitions ..............................................33 Two Methods for Metric Conversions ............................................35 III TABLE OF CONTENTS Metric Conversions: Dimensional Analysis ........................................36 Metric System: The Ladder Method ..............................................37 One-Step Metric Conversions Using Dimensional Analysis ..........................38 Two-Step Metric Conversions Using Dimensional Analysis ..........................39 Two-Step Conversions ..........................................................40 Volume Conversions ............................................................41 Ratios as Conversion Factors ....................................................42 Dosage Problems ...............................................................44 Density ........................................................................45 Temperature ...................................................................47 Energy Units ...................................................................48 Unit 3 Atoms and Isotopes 51 Periodic Table ..................................................................52 Periodic Table Search ...........................................................53 Activity: The Nuclear Atom ......................................................54 Notes: Isotopes and Atomic Mass ................................................58 Weighted Averages and Atomic Mass ............................................60 Review: Isotope Notation ........................................................61 Unit 4 Electromagnetic Radiation and Bohr Model 63 Activity: Energy, Wavelength, and Frequency. .64 Activity: The Bohr Model ........................................................67 Bohr Model Diagrams ...........................................................71 Calculate Your Annual Radiation Dose ............................................72 Unit 5 Nuclear Chemistry 73 Activity: Nuclear Chemistry. 74 Balancing Nuclear Equations ....................................................77 Half-Life .......................................................................78 Unit 6 Covalent Bonds and Structure of Molecules 79 Covalent Nomenclature 1 ........................................................80 Covalent Nomenclature 2 ........................................................81 IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Notes: Covalent Compounds. 82 Tutorial: Lewis Dot Structures of Covalent Compounds ..............................83 Lewis Dot Structures ...........................................................84 Notes: Bonding in Molecules ....................................................86 Notes: 3-D Shapes of Molecules .................................................87 Electron Geometry and Molecular Shape ..........................................88 VSEPR / Molecular Shape .......................................................89 Review: VSEPR. 90 Electronegativity ...............................................................91 Activity: Bond Polarity and Molecular Polarity .....................................93 Notes: Classifying Bonds by Polarity ..............................................95 Notes: Molecular Polarity .......................................................96 Lewis Dot Structures, Geometry, and Polarity .....................................97 Organic Functional Groups .......................................................99 Skeletal Structures ............................................................100 Drawing Organic Structures ....................................................102 Unit 7 Solids, Liquids, Gases, and Intermolecular Forces 103 Notes: Intermolecular Forces ...................................................104 Review: Intermolecular Forces ..................................................108 Identifying Organic Functional Groups in Molecules ...............................109 Activity: Properties of Organic Molecules ........................................110 Intermolecular Forces and Physical States .......................................113 Unit 8 Ionic Compounds 115 Notes: Ionic Compounds .......................................................116 Charges of Ions ...............................................................118 Lewis Dot Structures of Ionic Compounds ........................................120 Notes: Naming Binary Ionic Compounds ..........................................121 Tutorial: Ionic Nomenclature ....................................................124 Ionic Nomenclature 1 ..........................................................126 Ionic Compound Matrix ........................................................127 Ionic Nomenclature 2 ..........................................................128 V TABLE OF CONTENTS Ionic and Covalent Nomenclature ...............................................129 Review: Ionic and Covalent Compounds. .131 Unit 9 The Mole and Molar Mass 133 Notes: The Mole ..............................................................134 The Mole .....................................................................137 Molar Mass ...................................................................138 Activity: Moles within Moles ...................................................139 Moles within Moles ............................................................141 Moles, Grams, Number of Particles, and Elements in Compounds ...................142
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