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Apparatus for Producing Light by Exciting An Europäisches Patentamt *EP000819317B1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 0 819 317 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.7: H01J 65/04, F21S 2/00, of the grant of the patent: H05B 41/24 14.11.2001 Bulletin 2001/46 (86) International application number: (21) Application number: 96908743.6 PCT/US96/03262 (22) Date of filing: 11.03.1996 (87) International publication number: WO 96/28840 (19.09.1996 Gazette 1996/42) (54) APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIGHT BY EXCITING AN ELECTRODELESS LAMP WITH MICROWAVE ENERGY AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HIGH INTENSITY VISIBLE LIGHT APPARAT ZUR ERZEUGUNG SICHTBAREN LICHTS MITTELS ERREGUNG EINER ELEKTRODENLOSEN LAMPE DURCH MIKROWELLENENERGIE UND APPARAT ZUR ERZEUGUNG SICHTBAREN LICHTS HOHER INTENSITÄT APPAREIL POUR PRODUIRE DE LA LUMIERE PAR EXCITATION D’UNE LAMPE SANS ELECTRODE AU MOYEN D’ ENERGIE HYPERFREQUENCE ET APPAREIL POUR PRODUIRE DE LA LUMIERE VISIBLE A HAUTE INTENSITE (84) Designated Contracting States: • TURNER, Brian AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC Damascus, Maryland 20782 (US) NL PT SE (74) Representative: (30) Priority: 09.03.1995 US 402065 Schwepfinger, Karl-Heinz, Dipl.-Ing. Prinz & Partner GbR (43) Date of publication of application: Manzingerweg 7 21.01.1998 Bulletin 1998/04 81241 München (DE) (73) Proprietor: FUSION LIGHTING, INC. (56) References cited: Rockville, MD 20855 (US) EP-A- 0 450 131 DE-A- 4 307 946 JP-A- 56 126 250 US-A- 4 749 915 (72) Inventors: US-A- 4 887 192 US-A- 4 975 625 • SIMPSON, James, E. Gaithersburg, MD 20877 (US) • OM P. GANDHI: "Microwave Engineering and • KAMAREHI, Mohammad applications" 1981 , PERGAMON PRESS, COP. Gaithersburg, MD 20878 (US) 1981 , NEW YORK XP002061355 * page 249; • URY, Michael figure 8.5.F * Bethesda, MD 20817 (US) Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 0 819 317 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) 1 EP 0 819 317 B1 2 Description [0007] Other circumstances which impact on the effi- ciency of illumination of the electrodeless lamp include [0001] The present invention relates to the field of interaction of the fringe field produced between the mi- electrodeless lamps. Specifically, an apparatus for uni- crowave energy source and the cavity with the elec- formly radiating an electrodeless lamp with improved il- 5 trodeless lamp. The lamp can distort the coupling fields lumination efficiency is described. between cavity and microwave energy source, introduc- [0002] Electrodeless lamps have been employed in ing an impedance mismatch and consequent power the past to generate high intensity radiant light in excess loss, lowering the system's efficiency. of 100,000 lumens. These devices are used in industrial lighting in both indoor and outdoor applications. Among 10 Summary of the Invention the advantages of electrodeless lamps is an enhanced life of between 10,000 and 20,000 hours. Further, great- [0008] It is an object of this invention to efficiently il- er power efficiency is obtained than with other conven- luminate an electrodeless lamp with microwave energy. tional light sources. [0009] It is a more specific object of this invention to [0003] Electrodeless lamps may be designed to emit 15 provide for a microwave illumination field which heats mostly infrared light, ultraviolet light or visible light. In an electrodeless lamp uniformly over its entire surface. applications wherein visible light is needed, electrode- [0010] It is yet another object of this invention to in- less lamps are sulfur or selenium filled to produce mostly crease the amount of visible light generated by a micro- visible light. Other lamps of other materials, such as wave illuminated electrodeless lamp. mercury, can be used to generate ultraviolet and infra- 20 [0011] These and other objects of the invention are red light in industrial applications where these wave- provided for by an apparatus for producing light com- lengths of light are needed. prising the features of claim 1 or by an apparatus for [0004] An electrodeless lamp which couples strong producing high intensity visible light comprising the fea- microwave fields to a very small bulb is known from US- tures of claim 5. A-4 975 625. That document discloses an apparatus for 25 [0012] The system of the invention improves the elec- providing light comprising a source of microwave ener- tromagnetic field distribution about an electrodeless gy, a cylindrical cavity coupled to the source of micro- lamp so that portions of the lamp which run cooler are wave energy, having a plurality of light emitting aper- exposed to an ascending or increasing electric field in- tures, the cylindrical cavity supporting microwave ener- tensity. The electrodeless lamp is supported for rotation gy coupled from the source in a mode which is inde- 30 in a cylindrical cavity about the cavity axis. The cylindri- pendent of the height of the microwave cavity and which cal cavity has an apertured surface which emits light includes electric field lines which are parallel to the generated by the electrodeless lamp when excited by height dimension of the cavity and wherein the height of microwave energy. the cavity is small enough to provide a strong microwave [0013] Control over the electromagnetic field distribu- field in the region near the center of the cavity. The elec- 35 tion is accomplished in a preferred embodiment of the trodeless lamp bulb is supported for rotation on a motor invention by configuring the cylindrical cavity to support driven shaft in the cylindrical cavity. That document fur- the TE112 resonant mode. In this mode, an ascending ther discloses a housing supporting at one end thereof portion of the electric field can be positioned adjacent a magnetron and at opposite end thereof a cooling fan the portion of an electrodeless lamp which would nor- which supplies forced air to the magnetron. 40 mally remain cooler, increasing the electric field intensi- [0005] Sulfur and selenium filled lamps have a light ty, thus raising the temperature of the normally cooler output which can be affected by local temperatures with- portion of the lamp. in the lamp. These gas-filled lamps show dark bands, [0014] In other embodiments of the invention, a local particularly along the top thereof, when the lamp surface discontinuity is introduced in the cylindrical cavity wall, is not uniformly heated. Cooler portions of the lamp can 45 increasing the electric field intensity on the portion of the produce discoloration which absorbs light disproportion- electrodeless lamp which normally runs cooler than the ately from the remaining portion of the lamp surface. remaining portion of the lamp. [0006] Temperature differentials within the bulb are very often the result of an uneven field distribution of the Description of the Figures microwave energy which is supported by a resonant 50 cavity containing the lamp. The uneven field distribution [0015] Figure 1 is a plan view of an apparatus for gen- produces an uneven discharge which in turn produces erating light from an electrodeless bulb. "sludge", a dark gas containing higher order sulfur mol- [0016] Figure 2 is an end view of the apparatus of Fig- ecules which degrade the lamp's performance. There- ure 1. fore, in order to avoid the consequences of local tem- 55 [0017] Figure 3 is a top view of the apparatus of Figure perature differentials within the lamp, the microwave il- 1. lumination of the bulb should produce uniform temper- [0018] Figure 4A illustrates the electric field distribu- ature across the surface of the lamp. tion within a cylindrical cavity when excited with a TE111 2 3 EP 0 819 317 B1 4 mode, as is known in the prior art. over the cavity 10. [0019] Figure 4B illustrates the improved field distri- [0031] The lamp 11 includes a top portion 11a above bution from a TE112 mode. the lamp center 11b, which is subject to a local temper- [0020] Figure 5A is a section view of a cylindrical cav- ature differential with respect to the remaining portion of 5 ity having a restriction along its length for increasing the the lamp 11. When a TE111 mode is supported within the electric field near the top of an electrodeless lamp. cavity 10, the electric field in the region of lamp portion [0021] Figure 5B is a top view of Figure 5A. 11a is decreasing in intensity, and microwave illumina- [0022] Figure 6A illustrates an iris supported in the cy- tion of the lamp, particularly in the region 11a, is non- lindrical cavity for increasing the electric field near the uniform, resulting in uneven heating of the lamp 11. top of the electrodeless lamp. 10 [0032] The sulfur or selenium molecules within the [0023] Figure 6B is a top view of Figure 6A. lamp 11 are unevenly heated and may produce a dark, [0024] Figure 7A illustrates a torroidal ring within the light impermeable region in a portion 11a of lamp 11 cylindrical cavity for increasing the electric field near the above the center of the lamp 11b. This reduces the top of the electrodeless lamp. amount of light which is generated through portion 11a, [0025] Figure 7B is a section view of Figure 7A. 15 decreasing total light output and making light output non-uniform over the surface of lamp 11. Description of the Preferred Embodiment [0033] Figure 4A illustrates the field distribution within the cylindrical cavity 10 which was used in the prior art [0026] Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, there is shown which identifies the source of unequal heating of the respectively, plan, end and top views of an apparatus 20 lamp 11 supported on shaft 12.
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