Preventing Prevent? Challenges to Counter-Radicalisation Policy on Campus
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Preventng Prevent? Challenges to Counter-Radicalisaton Policy On Campus By Rupert Suton First published in 2015 by The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society Millbank Tower 21-24 Millbank London SW1P 4QP Registered charity no. 1140489 Tel: +44 (0)20 7340 4520 www.henryjacksonsociety.org © The Henry Jackson Society 2015 All rights reserved The views expressed in this publicaton are those of the author and are not necessarily indicatve of those of The Henry Jackson Society or its Trustees. Preventng Prevent? Challenges to Counter-Radicalisaton Policy On Campus By Rupert Suton ISBN 978-1-909035-21-8 £10 where sold Front Cover Image: Senate House, University of London Preventng Prevent? Challenges to Counter-Radicalisaton Policy On Campus By Rupert Suton www.henryjacksonsociety.org www.studentrights.org.uk This paper is writen in the author’s personal capacity and the views expressed are theirs alone. Preventing Prevent? Challenges to Counter-Radicalisation Policy On Campus About the Authors Rupert Sutton is the Director of Student Rights, and the author of At What Price? Transparency and Ethics in Higher Education Funding from Overseas and Challenging Extremists: Practical Frameworks for our Universities. He has written for Haaretz, International Business Times, The Huffington Post and New Humanist, and presented Student Rights’ research at the European Parliament. Rupert holds an MA in Terrorism and Security with Distinction from King’s College London, and a BA in War Studies from the University of Kent. About Student Rights Student Rights is a non-partisan project of The Henry Jackson Society dedicated to supporting equality, democracy and freedom from extremism on university campuses. Set up in June 2009, Student Rights monitors extremism on UK university campuses - focusing on a range of different groups including, but not limited to, fascist or racist organisations, Islamist groups, and extreme political parties. About The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society is a think tank and policy-shaping force that fights for the principles and alliances which keep societies free - working across borders and party lines to combat extremism, advance democracy and real human rights, and make a stand in an increasingly uncertain world. 4 Preventing Prevent? Challenges to Counter-Radicalisation Policy On Campus Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 10 1. Extremism and Higher Education in the UK ...................................................................................... 11 1.1 Violent Extremism and UK Higher Education .............................................................................. 12 1.1.1 Islamism-Inspired Extremism ................................................................................................... 12 1.1.2 Far-Right Extremism ................................................................................................................. 14 1.2 Non-violent Extremism and Higher Education .............................................................................. 15 1.2.1 On Campus ............................................................................................................................... 15 1.2.2 Online ....................................................................................................................................... 16 2. On-Campus Events: 2012-14 ................................................................................................................ 17 2.1 On-Campus Events ......................................................................................................................... 18 2012 ................................................................................................................................................... 18 2013 ................................................................................................................................................... 19 2014 ................................................................................................................................................... 21 2012-14 .............................................................................................................................................. 23 2.2 On-Campus Events by Region 2012-14 .......................................................................................... 24 2.3 On-Campus Events by Institution ................................................................................................... 29 2012 ................................................................................................................................................... 29 2013 ................................................................................................................................................... 29 2014 ................................................................................................................................................... 29 2012-14 .............................................................................................................................................. 30 2.4 Event Speakers ................................................................................................................................ 30 2012 ................................................................................................................................................... 30 2013 ................................................................................................................................................... 31 2014 ................................................................................................................................................... 32 2012-14 .............................................................................................................................................. 32 3. Prevent Delivery in UK Higher Education .......................................................................................... 34 3.1 The Department for Business, Innovation & Skills (BIS) .............................................................. 34 5 Preventing Prevent? Challenges to Counter-Radicalisation Policy On Campus 3.2 The Department for Communities and Local Government (CLG) .............................................. 34 3.3 The Home Office and OSCT ........................................................................................................ 35 3.4 The Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) ........................................................................ 36 3.5 Universities UK (UUK) .................................................................................................................. 36 3.6 The Equality Challenge Unit (ECU) .............................................................................................. 37 3.7 Delivery of Prevent on Campus ...................................................................................................... 38 3.8 Referrals and Intervention .............................................................................................................. 40 3.9 Oversight of On-Campus Delivery of Prevent ............................................................................... 41 3.10 Engagement in On-Campus Delivery of Prevent ......................................................................... 41 3.10.1 Positives ................................................................................................................................... 41 3.10.2 Resistance ................................................................................................................................ 42 3.10.3 Lack of Engagement ................................................................................................................ 42 3.10.4 Structural Problems ................................................................................................................. 43 4. Student Criticisms of Prevent ............................................................................................................... 44 4.1 Islamophobia and Racial Stereotyping in Delivering Prevent ........................................................ 45 4.2 Misuses of Power and Poor Engagement in Delivering Prevent .................................................... 47 4.3 Definitions of Extremism in the Prevent Strategy .......................................................................... 49 4.4 The Prevent Strategy as a Counterproductive Policy ..................................................................... 50 5. Addressing Student Criticisms of Prevent ............................................................................................ 52 5.1 Islamophobia and Racial Stereotyping in Delivering Prevent ........................................................ 52 5.2 Misuses of Power and Poor Engagement in Delivering Prevent .................................................... 55 5.3 Definitions of Extremism in the Prevent Strategy .......................................................................... 58 5.4 The Prevent Strategy as a Counter-productive Policy ...................................................................