DOCSLIB.ORG

For Review Only

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2017-0350.R2 MOHKTAR Histological description of Exobasidium vexans infection on tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) Journal: Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology ManuscriptFor ID SJST-2017-0350.R2 Review Only Manuscript Type: Original Article Date Submitted by the Author: 26-May-2018 Complete List of Authors: MOHKTAR, NORSYUHADA; SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Nagao, Hideyuki; Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Biological Sciences Keyword: leaf gall, cell differentiation, mesophyll, phloem, disease severity For Proof Read only Page 1 of 23 Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2017-0350.R2 MOHKTAR 1 2 3 Original Article 4 5 Exobasidium vexans 6 Histological description of infection on tea leaves 7 8 (Camellia sinensis) 9 10 Norsyuhada Mohktar1, Hideyuki Nagao1 11 12 1School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia 13 14 15 * Corresponding author, Email address: [email protected] 16 17 18 19 For Review Only 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 For Proof Read only Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2017-0350.R2 MOHKTAR Page 2 of 23 1 2 3 4 5 1 Abstract 6 7 8 2 Exobasidium vexans Massee is a parasitic fungus that causes tea blister blight. Tea blister blight 9 10 3 is characterised by the swelling of the infected spots on the tea leaves. To date, there is limited 11 12 4 information on the cellular alterations that occur during E. vexans infection. The aim of this 13 14 5 study was to observe the histological changes on tea leaves infected by E. vexans. Diseased and 15 16 17 6 healthy leaves were thin-sliced by cryostat microtome and examined by light microscopy. 18 19 7 Observations on the thin Forsections revealedReview the mode ofOnly hymenium development in E. vexans in 20 21 8 which the basidia protruded between the epidermal cells. The infection caused hypertrophy as 22 23 24 9 the size of the cells at the infected spots became double the size of the healthy cells. The first 25 26 10 description of venous infections of E. vexans were also described. The proliferation of the fungus 27 28 11 on the vein resulted in the formation of hymenium on both lower and upper sides of the leaves 29 30 31 12 and there was complete disruption of the vascular bundle in the leaves vein. Blister blight disease 32 33 13 on the tea plantation in this study was found to be moderately severe. Morphological and 34 35 14 molecular identification confirmed that the fungus isolated from the symptomatic leaves was E. 36 37 15 vexans. 38 39 40 16 Keywords: Disease severity, leaf galls, cell differentiation, mesophyll, phloem, plant parasite 41 42 43 44 17 1. Introduction 45 46 18 Tea has been one of the most consumed drinks in the world. The drink originates from 47 48 49 19 the leaves of tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) that are processed and dried for brewing. 50 51 20 Exobasidium vexans Massee is a pathogenic plant fungus that infects tea plants and causes tea 52 53 21 blister blight. The spread of this disease has brought tremendous loss to tea production industry 54 55 56 22 and it has become a serious threat to all tea plantations across Asia including India, Sri Lanka, 57 58 59 60 For Proof Read only Page 3 of 23 Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2017-0350.R2 MOHKTAR 1 2 3 23 Japan and Indonesia (Baby, 2002). As the number one tea producer to the global market, India 4 5 6 24 has about 5 million hectares of land dedicated to tea plantation (Boriah, 2002). The country 7 8 25 which had contributed up to 23% of total world tea production suffered a great loss due to tea 9 10 26 blister blight as the pathogen attacks harvestable young shoots resulting in up to 40% yield losses 11 12 27 (Gulati, Gulati, Ravindranath, & Chakrabarty, 1993; Basu, Bera, & Rajan, 2010). In addition, 13 14 15 28 tea blister blight has inflicted a severe crop loss in Sri Lanka in which 33% of yield reduction 16 17 29 was recorded in unprotected areas compared to fields which were sprayed with chemicals (de 18 19 30 Silva, Murugiah, & Saravapavan,For Review 1997). Transgenic Only tea plant that is resistant to E. vexans 20 21 22 31 infection has been developed in which the clone expresses higher amount of chitinase enzyme to 23 24 32 hydrolyse the cell wall of the invading fungus (Jeyaramraja, Pius, Manian, & Nithya Meenakshi, 25 26 33 2005; Jayaswall, Mahajan, Singh, Parmar, Seth et al., 2016). 27 28 29 34 Symptoms of E. vexans infection include the swelling and formation of conspicuous 30 31 35 white hymenium on the infected spots that will eventually necrotise. Several studies have been 32 33 36 done on the histology of plants infected by other Exobasidium species. According to Mims and 34 35 37 Richardson (2007) and Lee, Lee, Shin, Park, and Sieber (2015), the infection of Exobasidium 36 37 38 38 gracile (Shirai) Syd, and P. Syd on Camellia sasanqua Thunb. was characterised by the 39 40 39 formation of a distinct pseudoparenchymatous layer of intercellular hyphae which initially 41 42 40 developed several layers above the lower epidermis. Eventually the lower epidermis layer 43 44 45 41 became sloughed off to give rise to the white hymenium on the underside of the leaf (Mims & 46 47 42 Richardson, 2007; Lee et al., 2015). Meanwhile, Li and Guo (2008) described a different mode 48 49 43 of hymenium development in the infection caused by Exobasidium ovalifoliae Z. Y. Li and L. 50 51 52 44 Guo in which the basidia protruded between epidermal cells to form continuous white hymenium 53 54 45 upon reaching the final stage of infection. Gadd and Loos (1949) reported that the formation of 55 56 57 58 59 60 For Proof Read only Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2017-0350.R2 MOHKTAR Page 4 of 23 1 2 3 46 hymenium in E. vexans progressed in the similar manner but they only provided an illustration to 4 5 6 47 support their observation. 7 8 48 At the cellular level, the enlargement of the infected spots caused by the infection of 9 10 49 Exobasidium species is either due to hypertrophy or hyperplasia – an increase in the number of 11 12 50 the cells. For example, Graafland (1960) reported that both hypertrophy and hyperplasia 13 14 15 51 occurred in the infection of Exobasidium japonicum Shirai on the leaves of Azaleas. Meanwhile, 16 17 52 the flowers of Lyonia ferruginea (Walter) Nutt. that were infected with Exobasidium ferrugineae 18 19 53 Minnis, A.H. Kennedy &For N.A. Goldberg Review only became Only hypertrophied but this observation was 20 21 22 54 less common in the leaves of the plant (Kennedy, Goldberg, & Minnis, 2012). 23 24 55 Several methods have been developed to measure the severity of fungal diseases on tea 25 26 56 plants. Webster and Park (1956) first evaluated the severity of E. vexans infection based on the 27 28 29 57 disease incidence from a pool of sampled leaves. Meanwhile Balasuriya (2003) assessed blister 30 31 58 blight infection according to the number of blistered lesion on tea leaves. Recently, Sinniah, 32 33 59 Wasantha Kumara, Karunajeewa and Ranatunga (2016) developed an improvised assessment 34 35 60 key to evaluate the severity of E. vexans infection on tea leaves that accounted for both host 36 37 38 61 reactions and the sequential stages of symptom development. 39 40 62 To date, there have been no detailed descriptions on the histological aspects of E. vexans 41 42 63 infection on C. sinensis except the illustration provided by Gadd and Loos (1949). Hence, the 43 44 45 64 aim of this study is to provide a deeper understanding on the histological changes that occurred 46 47 65 to C. sinensis leaf cells upon E. vexans infection. The mode of hymenium development and the 48 49 66 effect of E. vexans infection on the architectural state of the leaf cells were examined. In 50 51 52 67 addition, microscopic descriptions of venous infection were also presented. Disease severity of 53 54 68 E. vexans infection on the tea plantation in this study was assessed and the morphology of 55 56 57 58 59 60 For Proof Read only Page 5 of 23 Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2017-0350.R2 MOHKTAR 1 2 3 69 basidia and basidiospores of this fungus was described. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was 4 5 6 70 constructed based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene to assess the position of E. 7 8 71 vexans relative to other Exobasidium species. 9 10 11 12 72 2. Materials and Methods 13 14 2.1 Histology of E. vexans infection 15 73 16 17 18 74 Healthy and infected shoots of tea leaves were collected from MARDI Agro-technology 19 For Review Only 20 75 Park, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia in August 2016 and preserved in formalin acetic acid 21 22 76 solution. The vein and lamina of both healthy and infected spots were bounded to specimen 23 24 blocks by Jung Tissue Freezing Medium® (Leica Microsystems, Nussloch, Germany). The 25 77 26 27 78 samples were then transversely thin-sliced by cryostat microtome (-20°C) at 10µm thickness 28 29 79 (Leica CM 1850 UV, Nussloch, Germany).
Recommended publications
  • Exobasidium Darwinii, a New Hawaiian Species Infecting Endemic Vaccinium Reticulatum in Haleakala National Park

    Exobasidium Darwinii, a New Hawaiian Species Infecting Endemic Vaccinium Reticulatum in Haleakala National Park

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Mycol Progress (2012) 11:361–371 DOI 10.1007/s11557-011-0751-4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Exobasidium darwinii, a new Hawaiian species infecting endemic Vaccinium reticulatum in Haleakala National Park Marcin Piątek & Matthias Lutz & Patti Welton Received: 4 November 2010 /Revised: 26 February 2011 /Accepted: 2 March 2011 /Published online: 8 April 2011 # The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Hawaii is one of the most isolated archipelagos Exobasidium darwinii is proposed for this novel taxon. This in the world, situated about 4,000 km from the nearest species is characterized among others by the production of continent, and never connected with continental land peculiar witches’ brooms with bright red leaves on the masses. Two Hawaiian endemic blueberries, Vaccinium infected branches of Vaccinium reticulatum. Relevant char- calycinum and V. reticulatum, are infected by Exobasidium acters of Exobasidium darwinii are described and illustrated, species previously recognized as Exobasidium vaccinii. additionally phylogenetic relationships of the new species are However, because of the high host-specificity of Exobasidium, discussed. it seems unlikely that the species infecting Vaccinium calycinum and V. reticulatum belongs to Exobasidium Keywords Exobasidiomycetes . ITS . LSU . vaccinii, which in the current circumscription is restricted to Molecular phylogeny. Ustilaginomycotina
  • Blister Blight Disease of Tea: an Enigma Chayanika Chaliha and Eeshan Kalita

    Blister Blight Disease of Tea: an Enigma Chayanika Chaliha and Eeshan Kalita

    Chapter Blister Blight Disease of Tea: An Enigma Chayanika Chaliha and Eeshan Kalita Abstract Tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed across the world and is also considered a major cash crop in countries with a moderately hot and humid climate. Tea is produced from the leaves of woody, perennial, and monoculture crop tea plants. The tea leaves being the source of production the foliar diseases which may be caused by a variety of bacteria, fungi, and other pests have serious impacts on production. The blis- ter blight disease is one such serious foliar tea disease caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Exobasidium vexans. E. vexans, belonging to the phylum basidiomycete primarily infects the young succulent harvestable tea leaves and results in ~40% yield crop loss. It reportedly alters the critical biochemical characteristics of tea such as catechin, flavo- noid, phenol, as well as the aroma in severely affected plants. The disease is managed, so far, by administering high doses of copper-based chemical fungicides. Although alternate approaches such as the use of biocontrol agents, biotic and abiotic elicitors for inducing systemic acquired resistance, and transgenic resistant varieties have been tested, they are far from being adopted worldwide. As the research on blister blight disease is chiefly focussed towards the evaluation of defense responses in tea plants, during infection very little is yet known about the pathogenesis and the factors contrib- uting to the disease. The purpose of this chapter is to explore blister blight disease and to highlight the current challenges involved in understanding the pathogen and patho- genic mechanism that could significantly contribute to better disease management.
  • Chapter 10 • Principles of Conserving the Arctic's Biodiversity

    Chapter 10 • Principles of Conserving the Arctic's Biodiversity

    Chapter 10 Principles of Conserving the Arctic’s Biodiversity Lead Author Michael B. Usher Contributing Authors Terry V.Callaghan, Grant Gilchrist, Bill Heal, Glenn P.Juday, Harald Loeng, Magdalena A. K. Muir, Pål Prestrud Contents Summary . .540 10.1. Introduction . .540 10.2. Conservation of arctic ecosystems and species . .543 10.2.1. Marine environments . .544 10.2.2. Freshwater environments . .546 10.2.3. Environments north of the treeline . .548 10.2.4. Boreal forest environments . .551 10.2.5. Human-modified habitats . .554 10.2.6. Conservation of arctic species . .556 10.2.7. Incorporating traditional knowledge . .558 10.2.8. Implications for biodiversity conservation . .559 10.3. Human impacts on the biodiversity of the Arctic . .560 10.3.1. Exploitation of populations . .560 10.3.2. Management of land and water . .562 10.3.3. Pollution . .564 10.3.4. Development pressures . .566 10.4. Effects of climate change on the biodiversity of the Arctic . .567 10.4.1. Changes in distribution ranges . .568 10.4.2. Changes in the extent of arctic habitats . .570 10.4.3. Changes in the abundance of arctic species . .571 10.4.4. Changes in genetic diversity . .572 10.4.5. Effects on migratory species and their management . .574 10.4.6. Effects caused by non-native species and their management .575 10.4.7. Effects on the management of protected areas . .577 10.4.8. Conserving the Arctic’s changing biodiversity . .579 10.5. Managing biodiversity conservation in a changing environment . .579 10.5.1. Documenting the current biodiversity . .580 10.5.2.
  • 9B Taxonomy to Genus

    9B Taxonomy to Genus

    Fungus and Lichen Genera in the NEMF Database Taxonomic hierarchy: phyllum > class (-etes) > order (-ales) > family (-ceae) > genus. Total number of genera in the database: 526 Anamorphic fungi (see p. 4), which are disseminated by propagules not formed from cells where meiosis has occurred, are presently not grouped by class, order, etc. Most propagules can be referred to as "conidia," but some are derived from unspecialized vegetative mycelium. A significant number are correlated with fungal states that produce spores derived from cells where meiosis has, or is assumed to have, occurred. These are, where known, members of the ascomycetes or basidiomycetes. However, in many cases, they are still undescribed, unrecognized or poorly known. (Explanation paraphrased from "Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th Edition.") Principal authority for this taxonomy is the Dictionary of the Fungi and its online database, www.indexfungorum.org. For lichens, see Lecanoromycetes on p. 3. Basidiomycota Aegerita Poria Macrolepiota Grandinia Poronidulus Melanophyllum Agaricomycetes Hyphoderma Postia Amanitaceae Cantharellales Meripilaceae Pycnoporellus Amanita Cantharellaceae Abortiporus Skeletocutis Bolbitiaceae Cantharellus Antrodia Trichaptum Agrocybe Craterellus Grifola Tyromyces Bolbitius Clavulinaceae Meripilus Sistotremataceae Conocybe Clavulina Physisporinus Trechispora Hebeloma Hydnaceae Meruliaceae Sparassidaceae Panaeolina Hydnum Climacodon Sparassis Clavariaceae Polyporales Gloeoporus Steccherinaceae Clavaria Albatrellaceae Hyphodermopsis Antrodiella
  • Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24

    Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24

    Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, version 2018-07-24 Kenai National Wildlife Refuge biology staff July 24, 2018 2 Cover image: map of 16,213 georeferenced occurrence records included in the checklist. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 5 Purpose............................................................ 5 About the list......................................................... 5 Acknowledgments....................................................... 5 Native species 7 Vertebrates .......................................................... 7 Invertebrates ......................................................... 55 Vascular Plants........................................................ 91 Bryophytes ..........................................................164 Other Plants .........................................................171 Chromista...........................................................171 Fungi .............................................................173 Protozoans ..........................................................186 Non-native species 187 Vertebrates ..........................................................187 Invertebrates .........................................................187 Vascular Plants........................................................190 Extirpated species 207 Vertebrates ..........................................................207 Vascular Plants........................................................207 Change log 211 References 213 Index 215 3 Introduction Purpose to avoid implying
  • A Higher-Level Phylogenetic Classification of the Fungi

    A Higher-Level Phylogenetic Classification of the Fungi

    mycological research 111 (2007) 509–547 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi David S. HIBBETTa,*, Manfred BINDERa, Joseph F. BISCHOFFb, Meredith BLACKWELLc, Paul F. CANNONd, Ove E. ERIKSSONe, Sabine HUHNDORFf, Timothy JAMESg, Paul M. KIRKd, Robert LU¨ CKINGf, H. THORSTEN LUMBSCHf, Franc¸ois LUTZONIg, P. Brandon MATHENYa, David J. MCLAUGHLINh, Martha J. POWELLi, Scott REDHEAD j, Conrad L. SCHOCHk, Joseph W. SPATAFORAk, Joost A. STALPERSl, Rytas VILGALYSg, M. Catherine AIMEm, Andre´ APTROOTn, Robert BAUERo, Dominik BEGEROWp, Gerald L. BENNYq, Lisa A. CASTLEBURYm, Pedro W. CROUSl, Yu-Cheng DAIr, Walter GAMSl, David M. GEISERs, Gareth W. GRIFFITHt,Ce´cile GUEIDANg, David L. HAWKSWORTHu, Geir HESTMARKv, Kentaro HOSAKAw, Richard A. HUMBERx, Kevin D. HYDEy, Joseph E. IRONSIDEt, Urmas KO˜ LJALGz, Cletus P. KURTZMANaa, Karl-Henrik LARSSONab, Robert LICHTWARDTac, Joyce LONGCOREad, Jolanta MIA˛ DLIKOWSKAg, Andrew MILLERae, Jean-Marc MONCALVOaf, Sharon MOZLEY-STANDRIDGEag, Franz OBERWINKLERo, Erast PARMASTOah, Vale´rie REEBg, Jack D. ROGERSai, Claude ROUXaj, Leif RYVARDENak, Jose´ Paulo SAMPAIOal, Arthur SCHU¨ ßLERam, Junta SUGIYAMAan, R. Greg THORNao, Leif TIBELLap, Wendy A. UNTEREINERaq, Christopher WALKERar, Zheng WANGa, Alex WEIRas, Michael WEISSo, Merlin M. WHITEat, Katarina WINKAe, Yi-Jian YAOau, Ning ZHANGav aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA bNational Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information,
  • Two New Species and a New Chinese Record of <I

    Two New Species and a New Chinese Record of <I

    MYCOTAXON Volume 108, pp. 479–484 April–June 2009 Two new species and a new Chinese record of Exobasidium (Exobasidiales) Zhenying Li1,2 & Lin Guo1* [email protected] *[email protected] 1Key Laboratory of Systematic Mycology and Lichenology Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101, China 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China Abstract —Two new species, Exobasidium yunnanense on Camellia sinensis and E. deqenense on Rhododendron sp., are reported. They were collected from Yunnan Province. Exobasidium canadense on Rhododendron sp. and Rhododendron mariesii is a new Chinese record, from Jiangxi Province. Key words —Exobasidiomycetes, symptoms, taxonomy A new species of Exobasidium on Camellia sinensis was collected from Yunnan Province in 2005. The host plant belongs to the subfamily Theoideae of Theaceae. The Exobasidium species is parasitic on young leaves causing leaf spots. The upper side of the diseased leaves is slightly concave, and pale green; when mature the under side is covered with white hymenium. Usually there are several spots on each leaf. Transverse sections of a diseased leaf clearly show the differentiation of the palisade and mesophyll cells. There is slight hypertrophy of plant cells. The new species ofExobasidium is characterized by the number of sterigmata 2(–3) and the large basidiospores measuring 10–23(–25) × 4–6 μm. The leaf spot is similar to that caused by Exobasidium vexans Massee (Sawada 1919) on Camellia sinensis. However, E. vexans has smaller basidiospores, measuring 11–16 × 3.5–6 μm. The new species is described as: Exobasidium yunnanense ZhenYing Li & L.
  • A Survey of Ballistosporic Phylloplane Yeasts in Baton Rouge, Louisiana

    A Survey of Ballistosporic Phylloplane Yeasts in Baton Rouge, Louisiana

    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2012 A survey of ballistosporic phylloplane yeasts in Baton Rouge, Louisiana Sebastian Albu Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Albu, Sebastian, "A survey of ballistosporic phylloplane yeasts in Baton Rouge, Louisiana" (2012). LSU Master's Theses. 3017. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3017 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A SURVEY OF BALLISTOSPORIC PHYLLOPLANE YEASTS IN BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana Sate University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Plant Pathology by Sebastian Albu B.A., University of Pittsburgh, 2001 B.S., Metropolitan University of Denver, 2005 December 2012 Acknowledgments It would not have been possible to write this thesis without the guidance and support of many people. I would like to thank my major professor Dr. M. Catherine Aime for her incredible generosity and for imparting to me some of her vast knowledge and expertise of mycology and phylogenetics. Her unflagging dedication to the field has been an inspiration and continues to motivate me to do my best work.
  • Kordyana Commelinae Associated with White Smut-Like Disease on Commelina Communis and C

    Kordyana Commelinae Associated with White Smut-Like Disease on Commelina Communis and C

    MYCOBIOLOGY 2021, VOL. 49, NO. 3, 275–279 https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2021.1923617 RESEARCH NOTE Kordyana commelinae Associated with White Smut-like Disease on Commelina communis and C. minor in Korea Ji-Hyun Parka , Bok-Nam Junga , In-Young Choib,c and Hyeon-Dong Shind aDivision of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, Korea; bDepartment of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea; cDepartment of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea; dDivision of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY A fungus of the genus Kordyana, found on leaves of Commelina communis and C. minor Received 29 December 2020 exhibiting white smut-like symptoms, was identified as Kordyana commelinae based on mor- Revised 26 April 2021 phological characteristics and two rDNA sequence analyses. We report the novel occurrence Accepted 26 April 2021 Kordyana K. commelinae of the genus in Korea and the association of with the host plant KEYWORDS species. As well, we provide the necessary mycological information to resolve species delimi- Kordyana Brachybasidiaceae; tation and taxonomic problems of . Commelinaceae; identifica- tion; phylogeny Commelina communis L. (Commelinaceae) is an taxonomic problems and the lack of morphological annual monocot native throughout East Asia, descriptions and DNA sequencing for some species including China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Russia (Far [7]. In this study, we identified and described a spe- East), Thailand, and Vietnam [1]. Within its native cies of Kordyana, newly found on C. communis and range, C. communis is a common forest ground- C. minor, based on morphological characteristics cover species with attractive blue flowers.
  • Exobasidium Vexans – CPC References

    Exobasidium Vexans – CPC References

    Exobasidium vexans references CPC references in Verdana Added ones in Times Roman Agnihothrudu V, Chandra Mouli B, 1990. Blister blight of tea and its control. Planters' Chronicle, 85:205-217. Ajay D, Baby UI, 2010. Induction of systemic resistance to Exobasidium vexans in tea through SAR elicitors. Phytoparasitica, 38:1-8. Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, 1979. Introductory Mycology. 3rd Edn. New Delhi, India: Wiley Eastern Limited. Baby UI, Balasubramanian S, Ajay D, Premkumar R, 2004. Effect of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors on blister blight disease, the tea plant and quality of made tea. Crop Protection, 23:795-800. Baby UI, Ravichandran R, Ganesan V, Parthiban R, Sukumar S, 1998. Effect of blister blight disease on the biochemical and quality constituents of green leaf and CTC tea. Tropical Agriculture, 75(4):452-456. Baby UI, Premkumar R, 1999. Blister blight disease of tea: how to achieve maximum control. Planters' Chronicle, 95(7):295-297. Balasuriya A, Kalaichelvan J, 2000. Is there potential in natural tea-phylloplane microorganisms in the control of blister blight leaf disease of tea (Camellia sinensis)?. Planter, 76(892):409-417. Booth C, 1983. Exobasidium vexans. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, No. 779. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. Burt EA, 1915. The Thelephoraceae of North America IV. Exobasidium. Annals of Missouri Botanic Gardens, 2:627-658. Chakraborty BN, Dutta S, Chakraborty U, 2002. Biochemical responses of tea plants induced by foliar infection with Exobasidium vexans. Indian Phytopathology, 55:8-13. Chandra Mouli B, 1985. In: Annual Report of the UPASI Scientific Department. Cinchona, Coimbatore Chandra Mouli B, 1992.
  • Basidiomicates De Costa Rica. Nuevas Especies De Exobasidium

    Basidiomicates De Costa Rica. Nuevas Especies De Exobasidium

    Rev. Biol. Trop. 46(4): 1081-1093, 1998 www.ucr.ac.cr www.ots.ac.cr www.ots.duke.edu Basidiomicetes de Costa Rica. Nuevas especies de Exobasidium (Exobasidiaceae) y registros de Cryptobasidiales Luis D. Gómez p'1 y Liuba Kisimova- Horovitz2 1 Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Apartado 676-2050, Costa Rica, [email protected] 2 Spezielle Botanik Mykologie, Universittit Tübingen, Alemania. Recibido 19-1-1998. Corregido 24-VIII-1998. Aceptado 17-IX-1998. Abstract: Six new species in thy genus Exobasidium are described: E. aequatorianum n. sp., parasitic on Vaccinium crenatum (Don) Sleumer from Ecuador where it is widely distributed; E. arctostaphyli Harkn., found on Arctostaphylos arbutoides (Lindl.) Hemsl., and on Comarostaphylos costaricensis Small in Costa Rica is redescribed; E.jamaicense n. sp., on Lyonia jamaicensis (Swartz) D. Don from Jamaica and possibly through­ out the Caribbean range of the host genus; E. disterigmicola n.sp., on Disterigma humboldtii (KI.) Nied., from the Talamanca Range, Costa Rica and possibly, throughout the range of its host, E. sphyrospermii n. sp.,on Sphyrospermum cordifolium Bentham in Costa Rica, E. poasanum n. sp., on Cavendishia bracteata (R. & P, ex J. St.-Hil.) Hoer., from the Poás massif in Costa Rica. Exobasidium escalloniae Gómez & Kisimova, descrit¡ed from Costa Rica, is now known to occur in Ecuador on the same host, Escallonia myrtilloides L.f Exobasidium vaccinii (Fkl.) Wor. is here reported from Vacciniumj10ribundum H.B.K. from various Ecuadorean 10caliÍies, and E. pernettyae n. sp. is described as a parasite of Pernettya prostrata (Cav.) DC in Costa Rica. With the exception of Escallonia, of saxifragaceous affinities, all hosts belong in the Ericaceae.
  • The Phylocode Applied to &lt;I&gt;Cintractiellales&lt;/I&gt;, a New Order

    The Phylocode Applied to <I>Cintractiellales</I>, a New Order

    VOLUME 6 DECEMBER 2020 Fungal Systematics and Evolution PAGES 55–64 doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2020.06.04 The PhyloCode applied to Cintractiellales, a new order of smut fungi with unresolved phylogenetic relationships in theUstilaginomycotina A.R. McTaggart1,2, C.J. Prychid3,4, J.J. Bruhl3, R.G. Shivas5* 1Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Australia 2Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Tree Protection Co-operative Programme (TPCP), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Private Bag X20, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 3School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale 2351, New South Wales, Australia 4Current address: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK 5Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia *Corresponding author: [email protected] The first two authors contributed equally to the manuscript Key words: Abstract: The PhyloCode is used to classify taxa based on their relation to a most recent common ancestor as recovered Cyperaceae pathogens from a phylogenetic analysis. We examined the first specimen of Cintractiella (Ustilaginomycotina) collected from fungal systematics Australia and determined its systematic relationship to other Fungi. Three ribosomal DNA loci were analysed both ITS with and without constraint to a phylogenomic hypothesis of the Ustilaginomycotina. Cintractiella did not share a LSU most recent common ancestor with other orders of smut fungi. We used the PhyloCode to define theCintractiellales , new taxa a monogeneric order with four species of Cintractiella, including C. scirpodendri sp. nov. on Scirpodendron ghaeri.