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Collegia Centonariorum: the Guilds of Textile Dealers in the Roman West

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Collegia Centonariorum: the Guilds of Textile Dealers in the Roman West Collegia Centonariorum: Th e Guilds of Textile Dealers in the Roman West Columbia Studies in the Classical Tradition Editorial Board William V. Harris (editor) Alan Cameron, Suzanne Said, Kathy H. Eden, Gareth D. Williams VOLUME 34 Collegia Centonariorum: Th e Guilds of Textile Dealers in the Roman West By Jinyu Liu LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 Cover illustration: CIL V. 2864 = ILS 5406, in S. Panciera, 2003. “I numeri di Patavium.” EΡKOΣ. Studi in Onore di Franco Sartori. Padova, 2003: 187–208. Courtesy of Musei Civici di Padova. Th is book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Liu, Jinyu, 1972– Collegia centonariorum : the guilds of textile dealers in the Roman West / by Jinyu Liu. p. cm. — (Columbia studies in the classical tradition ; v. 34) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-17774-1 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Textile workers—Labor unions—Rome—History. 2. Textile industry—Rome— History. I. Title. II. Series. HD8039.T42R655 2009 381’.4567700937—dc22 2009029996 ISSN 0166-1302 ISBN 978 90 04 17774 1 Copyright 2009 by Th e Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to Th e Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands To Fuya and Ningmei Amy Gong 流年似水, 相伴如斯 Marito fi liaeque Nihil est illis mihi nec carius nec iucundius CONTENTS List of Charts and Tables ................................................................ xi Acknowledgments .............................................................................. xiii Abbreviations ..................................................................................... xv Notes on the Presentation of Inscriptions .................................... xix Introduction ........................................................................................ 1 Current Scholarship on Collegia ............................................. 4 Comparative Perspectives and Th eoretical Models ............. 11 Th e Ancient Sources and Th eir Limitations ......................... 24 I. Mapping the Collegia Centonariorum .................................... 29 Th e Geographical Distribution of the Collegia Centonariorum ....................................................................... 29 Th e Chronological Distribution of the Collegia Centonariorum ..................................................................... 36 Tria Collegia? .............................................................................. 50 Conclusion .................................................................................. 54 II. Centonarii and the Roman Textile Economy ....................... 57 Centonarius: An Occupational Title ....................................... 57 Cento and Centonarius ............................................................. 63 Centonarii, Sagarii, Vestiarii .................................................... 75 Th e Collegia Centonariorum and the Textile Economy in the West ............................................................................. 83 Conclusion .................................................................................. 95 III. Collegia, Law, and Utilitas Publica .......................................... 97 Governmental Control versus Promotion ............................. 97 Th e Ius Coeundi and Its Benefi ts ............................................ 103 Necessaria Opera Publicis Utilitatibus .................................... 111 Th e Utilitas Publica of the Collegia Centonariorum: A Hypothesis .......................................................................... 115 Conclusion .................................................................................. 122 viii contents IV. Collegia Centonariorum and Fire-Fighting? ....................... 125 Fire-Fighting in the Roman Cities: An Overview ............. 126 Collegia Centonariorum in Italy and Gaul ......................... 129 Collegia Centonariorum in the Frontier Provinces ........... 152 Conclusion ............................................................................... 159 V. Membership Composition .................................................... 161 Social and Economic Status of the Members of the Collegia Centonariorum .................................................... 162 Th e Visibility of Non-citizen Collegiati? ............................. 171 Social Status and Social Relationships: Case Studies ........ 180 ‘Outsiders’ and Multiple Affi liations ................................... 203 Conclusion ............................................................................... 208 VI. Patrons and Benefactors ........................................................ 213 Patronage and Euergetism: Conceptual Framework and Defi nition ............................................................................. 214 Patrons and Benefactors: Status and Functions ................ 219 Multiplicity and Competition ............................................... 229 Conclusion ............................................................................... 242 VII. Feasts, Religion and Burials .................................................. 247 Convivial Activities ................................................................ 248 Religious Activities ................................................................. 252 Funerary Activities ................................................................. 266 Conclusion ............................................................................... 276 VIII. Th e Fourth Century: Continuity and Change ................... 279 Th e Centonarii in the Th eodosian Code .............................. 280 Collegiati and Potentes in Late Antiquity ........................... 291 Conclusion ............................................................................... 294 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 295 Bibliography ........................................................................................ 303 Appendices Appendix A: Catalogue of Inscriptions about the Collegia Centonariorum ............................................................................ 331 Appendix B: Geographical Distribution of the Most Widely Attested Types of Collegia ....................................................... 384 contents ix Appendix C: Uncertain Inscriptions about the Collegia Centonariorum ............................................................................ 391 Appendix D: Ancient References to Cento/ Centunculum ............................................................................... 395 Appendix E: Catalogue of Members of the Collegia Centonariorum ............................................................................ 399 Appendix F: Catalogue of Multiple Patronage (First-Th ird Centuries) .............................................................. 409 Index Locorum ................................................................................... 417 General Index ..................................................................................... 420 LIST OF CHARTS AND TABLES Chart 1.1. Distribution of the collegia centonariorum in diff erent regions ............................................................................. 30 Chart 1.2. Cities that yield more than fi ve inscriptions involving the collegia centonariorum ......................................... 31 Map 1.1. Th e distribution of inscriptions related to the collegia centonariorum ................................................................................ 33 Table 1.1. Th e coll(egia?) fabrum et centonariorum, Mediolanum ................................................................................... 44 Table 3.1. Senatorial or imperial authorization of collegia ......... 105 Table 5.1. Lists of collegiati from four collegia, Sentinum and Ostra (alphabetical by Gentilicium) ........................................... 186 Table 5.2. Album of the collegium centonariorum of Solva ....... 197 Table 6.1. Status of patrons of the collegia centonariorum (fi rst–fourth centuries) ................................................................. 220 Table 6.2. Tabulae/tesserae patronatus collegiorum (chronological) ............................................................................... 237 Chart 6.1. Stemma: Coretius Fuscus and his family, Sentinum ......................................................................................... 238 Chart 6.2. Patronage, Apulum ......................................................... 244 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Th is book started its journey as a dissertation that I wrote at Columbia University in the years 2001–2004. I have accumulated immeasurable debt to my advisor, Professor William V. Harris, who guided my graduate studies at Columbia with unfailing inspiration and super- vised the dissertation with
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