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LIBRARY Or the I •OHIO 'STATE*' •UNIVERSITY LIBRARY or THE I •OHIO 'STATE*' •UNIVERSITY ELEVENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES, ROBERT P. PORTER, Superintendent. EXTEA CENSUS BULLETIN. INDIANS. THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIAN TERRITORY, CHEROKEE NATION, CREEK NATION, SEMINOLE NATION, CHOCTAW NATION, AND CHICKASAW NATION. By THOMAS DONALDSON, EXPERT SPECIAL AGENT. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1893. ELEVENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES, ROBERT p. PORTER, Superintendent. EXTRA CENSUS BULLETIN. INDIANS. THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIAN TERRITORY, CHEROKEE NATION, CREEK NATION, SEMINOLE NATION, CHOCTAW NATION, AND CHICKASAW NATION. By THOMAS DONALDSON, EXPERT SPECIAL AOENT. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1 SB 3. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, CENSUS OFFICE, WASHINGTON, June 6, 1893. MY DEAR MR. DONALDSON: I herewith, hand ycm. copy of memorandum of changes and modifications for Extra Census Bulletin on Five Civilized Tribes. Some of Mr. Blodgett's suggestions I regard as essential; others I am, as you see, willing to waive. With these changes the bulletin is hereby approved and may go to the printer. Very truly yours, ROBERT P. PORTER, Superintendent of Census. To THOMAS DONALDSON, Expert Special Agent in Charge of Indian Statistics. CONTENTS. PAGE. The Five Civilized Tribes of Indian territory, by Thomas Donaldson 9 Sketch of condition, Indian territory , 9 Official directory of Indian territory, 1890 10 Area of Indian territory, 1890 10 Lands of Five Tribes, area of 10 Lands of Quapaw agency, area of ­ 10 Settlement of Indian territory 11 Deseriptiori'of Indian territory., •. 11 Indian territory as a home for western Indians 11 State government in Indian territory, 1869 11 Census of Indian territory, 1890 ­ 12 Census of the Five Tribes 12 Quapaw agency, how enumerated, in 1890 12 Special agents of census in Indian territory, 1890 13 Enumerators in Cherokee nation 13 Enumerators in Creek and Seminole nations 13 Enumerators in Choctaw nation _ 13 Enumerators in Chickasaw nation 13 Districts and counties in Five Tribes 13,14 Population of Five Tribes, Eleventh Census, 1890 , 14 Population of Qnapaw agency, 1890 14 Population of Indian territory, 1890 14 Population of Cherokee nation in detail, 1890 : 14-15 Population of Creek nation in detail, 1890 15 Population of Seminole nation in detail, 1890 ­ 16 Population of Choctaw nation in detail, 1890 ­ 16 Population of Chickasaw nation in detail, 1890 17 Agricultural, manufacturing, and industrial products 17 Vital statistics in Five Tribes ­ 18 Wages in Five Tribes 18 Commodities of life in Five Tribes 18 The professions in the Five Tribes.. - ­ 18 Houses, number of, in the Five Tribes 18 Coal mining in Five Tribes 18-19 Live stock on ranges in Five Tribes ." 19,20 Railroads in Indian territory 20 Newspapers in the Five Tribes 20 Banks in the Five Tribes 21 Population of chief places in the Five Tribes 21 Schools in the Five Tribes ­ 21-24 Church statistics in Five Tribes 25-28 Form of government in Five Tribes 28-29 Choctaw and Chickasaw intertribal relations ^ 29 Laws of the Five Tribes ­ 29 United States courts in the Five Tribes * 30 Business of the United States courts in Five Tribes 31 United States Indian agent for. the Five Tribes 32 Lands of Five Tribes and value 32,33,34 Trust funds of the Five Tribes 34-36 Eevenues of the Fi vo Tribes •• 37 Condition of the Five Tribes 37^12 Suggestions as to changes in coodition of, allotment, town sifcesand statehood ­ 42-44 Historical outline of the Five Civilized Tribes, by Thomas Donaldson, expert special agent 44 Eeview of Five Tribes and wars 44-46 Cherokee nation, data as to, and stock 46-49 Creek nation, data as to, and stock 49,50 Euchees 50,51 5 6 CONTENTS. PAGE. Serainole nation, data as to, and stock 51 Choctaw nation, data as to, and stock ± 1 51 Chickasaw nation, data as to, and stock 52-53 The Cherokee nation, report on, by Special Agent Fletcher Meredith - 55-65 Delaware Indians in the Cherokee nation, by Thomas Donaldson, expert special agent, and E. C. Adanis 65-73 Shawnees with the Cherokee nation 73 The Creek nation, report on, by Special Agent W. H. Ward 73-81 The Seminole nation, report on, by Special Agent W. H. Ward 82-83 The Choctaw nation, report on, by Special Agent John W. Lane 84-90 Choctaw fish-killing, notes on, by Special Agent Julian Scott - 91 Chickasaw nation, report on, by Special Agent John Donaldson - 92-97 Laws creating Indian territory, from March 30, 1802, to May 2, 1890 101-104 Suggestions as to statehood and change in condition of Five Tribes, by Leo Bennett, United States Indian agent, and Indian enumerator 98-100 • Relations between the United States and the Five Tribes in 1892. Eeport by Hon. O. H. Platt, United States Senate 104-108 The treaty of 1866 between the United States and the Five Tribes 108-110 Five-Tribe survivors of the war of the rebellion 109-111 ILLUSTRATIONS. [No copyrighted illustrations or maps are used herein.] No. 1. Looking west from Union agency 9 No. 2. Ferry, Grand and Arkansas rivers 17 No. 3. Choetaw family, Creek and Cherokees 39 No. 4. Creek, Seminole, and Cherokee school children, and street in Muscogee, (a) Creek nation 78 No. 5. Fourtypes of Cherokees 1 No. 6. Members of Cherokee senate, 1889-1890 55 No. 7. Members of Cherokee council 56 No. 8. Cherokee school children at Tahlequah 60 No. 9. Reading chief's message at Tahlequah 58 No. 10. Tahleqnah, capital Cherokee nation 59 No. 11. Views in the Cherokee nation 62 No. 12. Charles Journeycake, chief of Delawares 1 65 No. 13. Delaware delegates, 1867 66 No. 14. Delaware Indian relics 70 No. 15. Residence of Chief Journeycake and pay house 68 No. 16. Baptist church, Delaware nation 96 No. 17. Six views in Cherokee nation 28 No. 18. Types of Creek Indians 73 No. 19. Types of Creeks, black and white : 74 No. 20. Types of Creeks , 77 No. 21. Views in Muscogee, Creek nation (o) 75 No. 22. Views in Muscogee, Creek nation (a) 76 No. 23. Views, Creek nation 79 No. 24. Seminoles .82 No. 25. Views in Choctaw nation 84 No. 26. Choctaws 89 No. 27. Choctaws , 85 No. 28. Views at Lehigh, Choctaw nation 86 No. 29. Views at Lehigh, Choctaw nation 87 No. 30. Chickasaw council, senate and house, 1890 92 No. 31. Views in Ardmore 95 No. 32. Views in Purcell 97 LIST OF MAPS. Map of Indian territory, June 1, 1890, showing Oklahoma territory 11 Map of Creek nation, showing the 48 Creek towns 40 a Local usage gives this name as Muskogee. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTEEIOE, CENSUS OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D. 0., June 6,1893. SIR: This bulletin of the history and present condition of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian territory is the result of patient investigation and much research. It was prepared under the direction of Mr. Thomas Donaldson, expert special agent, and is largely the result of his personal investigation. The four special agents who served in this work in Indian territory, viz: Fletcher Meredith, with the Cherokees; William H. Ward, with the Creeks and Seminoles; J. W. Lane, with the Choctaws, and John Donaldson, with the Chickasaws, rendered efficient and faithful service. The census of the Five Civilized Tribes was taken under great difficulties. Itis believed that the information and data contained in this bulletin will be of value in the settlement of questions yet to be adjusted between the United States and the Five Civilized Tribes, viz: the Cherokees, Creeks, Seminoles, Choctaws, and Chickasaws. This bulletin has been prepared under the authority of a clause in the Act of March 1,1889, to provide for taking the Eleventh and subsequent censuses, viz: "The Superintendent of Census may employ special agents or other means to make an enumeration of all Indians living within the jurisdiction of the United States, with such information as to their condition as may be obtainable, classifying them as to Indians taxed and Indians not taxed." Very respectfully, EOBEET P. POETEE, Superintendent of Census. The SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. STATISTICS OF INDIANS. BY THOMAS DONALDSON. THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIAN TERRITORY. INDIANS NOT TAXED AND NOT UNDER CONTROL OP THE INDIAN OFFICE, BUT CARRIED ON ITS ROLLS. The Five Civilized Tribes of Indian territory are the Gherokees, Creeks, Serninoles, Choctaws, and Chickasaws. The five tribes are entirely self-supporting, four of them living on patented lands, with a large surplus each year, from an almost primitive system of agriculture, and from aid from the national government. They have large herds of cattle, horses, and some sheep. They have several large towns and villages. No liquor is allowed or sold in the territory or nations. There is a United States court, but its jurisdiction is limited. Capital offenses and felonies are tried either in the United States district court at Paris, Texas, or at Fort Smith, Arkansas. Offenses at Quapaw agency, Indian territory, are tried in the United States court in the southern district of Kansas. There is an Indian agent at Muscogee, over what is known as " Union agency," which comprises the Five Civilized Tribes. His duties are heavy and his pay is nominal. His relations to the several tribes are regulated by the different treaties, and by orders from the Secretary of the Interior. The citizens of the five tribes are usually well housed in brick, frame, or log houses. Their horses, cattle, sheep, and swine, as well as tools and agricultural implements, are about the same as those of the average white people of Arkansas and Missouri. The areas of land are largely used for grazing, and large hay crops are cut along river and creek bottoms.
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