DOCSLIB.ORG

Delineation of the MIKE 11 River Glaven Channel and Location of Cross-Sections

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Delineation of the MIKE 11 River Glaven Channel and Location of Cross-Sections HYDROECOLOGICAL MONITORING AND MODELLING OF RIVER-FLOODPLAIN RESTORATION IN A UK LOWLAND RIVER MEADOW By Hannah Marie Clilverd UCL A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 SIGNED DECLARATION I, Hannah Marie Clilverd confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 ABSTRACT Channelization and embankment of rivers has led to major ecological degradation of aquatic habitats worldwide. River restoration can be used to restore favourable hydrological conditions for target processes or species. This study is based on rarely available, detailed pre- and post-restoration hydrological data collected from 2007–2010 from a wet grassland meadow in Norfolk, UK. Based on these data, coupled hydrological/hydraulic models were developed of pre-embankment and post-embankment conditions using the MIKE-SHE/MIKE-11 system. Fine-scale plant and chemical sampling was conducted on the floodplain meadow to assess the spatial pattern of plant communities in relation to soil physicochemical conditions. Simulated groundwater levels for a 10-year period were then used to predict changes in plant community composition following embankment-removal. Hydrology was identified as the primary driver of plant community composition, while soil fertility was also important. Embankment removal resulted in widespread floodplain inundation at high river flows and frequent localised flooding at the river edge at lower flows. Subsequently, groundwater levels were higher and subsurface storage was greater. The restoration had a moderate effect on flood-peak attenuation and improved free drainage to the river. Reinstatement of overbank flows did not substantially affect the degree of aeration stress on the meadow, except along the river embankments where sum exceedance values for aeration stress increased from 0 m weeks (dry- grassland) to 7 m weeks (fen). The restored groundwater regime may be suitable for more diverse plant assemblages. However the benefits of flooding (e.g. propagule dispersal, reduced competition) may be over-ridden without management to reduce waterlogging during the growing season, or balance additional nutrient supply from river water. The results from this study suggest that removal of river embankments can increase river- floodplain hydrological connectivity to form a more natural flood-pulsed wetland ecotone, which favours conditions for enhanced flood storage, plant species composition and nutrient retention. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my adviser Julian Thompson, for his input, insight and support throughout my graduate career at UCL. In addition, I would like to thank the other members of my committee, Carl Sayer, Kate Heppell, and Jan Axmacher, whose ideas and guidance were invaluable. I would like to thank my family particularly my partner, Dayton Dove, who provided endless love and encouragement, and my children, Rowan and Annabel, who provided laughter and diversion, and my parents Karen and Anthony who inspired in me a love of the natural environment. Funding and other support for this study was provided by the Environment Agency, UCL Department of Geography, University of London Central Research Fund Grant, and the UCL Graduate School. I thank Ross Haddow and Adel MacNicol of the Stody Estate for their practical support and encouragement, Richard Hey for designing the river restoration, the River Glaven Conservation Group, Environment Agency, Wild Trout Trust, and Natural England for their technical support during the embankment removal. Special thanks are extended to Tony Leach, Derek Sayer, Chabungbam Rajagopal Singh, Victoria Sheppard and Helene Burningham for their assistance in the field, and Simon Dobinson, Laura Shotbolt, Charlie Stratford, and Ian Patmore for assistance in the laboratory. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE .................................................................................... 1 SIGNED DECLARATION ................................................................. 2 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................... 5 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................... 10 LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................... 12 Chapter 1: River-floodplain habitats and functions ......................... 20 1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 20 1.2 Research rationale, aims and objectives ................................................. 23 1.3. Thesis structure ...................................................................................... 26 Chapter 2: Hydrological, chemical, and ecological characteristics of floodplain environments .............................................................. 29 2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 29 2.2 Floodplain and riparian zone hydrology ................................................... 29 2.2.1 Conceptual models of floodplain and riparian zone hydrology .......... 29 2.2.2 The hyporheic zone .......................................................................... 35 2.2.3 Hydrological connectivity and its importance .................................... 36 2.3 Riparian zone biogeochemistry ............................................................... 45 2.3.1 Biogeochemical transformations in riparian sediments ..................... 45 2.3.2 Nitrogen and phosphorus biogeochemistry....................................... 47 2.3.3 Water quality functions and management of floodplains ................... 50 2.4 Riparian zone community composition .................................................... 54 2.4.1 The effects of waterlogging on plant community-composition ........... 54 2.4.2 Fertilisation of riparian zones ............................................................ 60 2.4.3 Grazing impacts on plant diversity .................................................... 64 2.4.4 Flooding disturbance and propagule dispersal ................................. 66 2.4.5 Human pressures on lowland wet grasslands ................................... 68 2.4.6 Management of lowland hay meadows ............................................. 70 5 2.5 River regulation, and restoration ............................................................. 71 2.5.1 Channel modification ........................................................................ 71 2.5.2. Restoration techniques .................................................................... 74 2.6 Hydrological modelling ............................................................................ 79 2.6.1 Model classification and representation of hydrological processes ... 79 2.6.2 Surface water-groundwater modelling and river restoration .............. 88 2.7 Conclusions ............................................................................................. 94 Chapter 3: The River Glaven and Hunworth Meadow ..................... 95 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 95 3.2 Location and climatology ......................................................................... 95 3.3 Geology of the River Glaven catchment ................................................ 100 3.4 Surface water quality ............................................................................. 105 3.5 Flora, fauna, and conservation value of the River Glaven ..................... 106 3.6 Modification of the River Glaven and land management at Hunworth Meadow ....................................................................................................... 110 3.7 The River Glaven restoration project ..................................................... 114 Chapter 4: Methods Part I – hydrological and chemical monitoring117 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 117 4.2 Study design .......................................................................................... 117 4.3. Hydrological monitoring ........................................................................ 123 4.3.1 Groundwater and surface water levels ........................................... 123 4.3.2 Base flow index and flow exceedance values ................................. 124 4.3.3 Evapotranspiration .......................................................................... 124 4.3.4 Hydraulic conductivity ..................................................................... 128 4.4 River-floodplain biogeochemical monitoring .......................................... 132 4.4.1 Soil structural and physical properties ............................................ 132 4.4.2 Water chemistry sampling and analysis .......................................... 133 4.4.3 Oxygen concentration in soil pores ................................................. 134 4.4.4 River and floodplain topography ..................................................... 137 4.5 Flood prediction ..................................................................................... 139 4.5.1 Bankfull capacity ............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Norfolk Local Flood Risk Management Strategy
    Appendix A Norfolk Local Flood Risk Management Strategy Consultation Draft March 2015 1 Blank 2 Part One - Flooding and Flood Risk Management Contents PART ONE – FLOODING AND FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT ..................... 5 1. Introduction ..................................................................................... 5 2 What Is Flooding? ........................................................................... 8 3. What is Flood Risk? ...................................................................... 10 4. What are the sources of flooding? ................................................ 13 5. Sources of Local Flood Risk ......................................................... 14 6. Sources of Strategic Flood Risk .................................................... 17 7. Flood Risk Management ............................................................... 19 8. Flood Risk Management Authorities ............................................. 22 PART TWO – FLOOD RISK IN NORFOLK .................................................. 30 9. Flood Risk in Norfolk ..................................................................... 30 Flood Risk in Your Area ................................................................ 39 10. Broadland District .......................................................................... 39 11. Breckland District .......................................................................... 45 12. Great Yarmouth Borough .............................................................. 51 13. Borough of King’s
    [Show full text]
  • Appropriate Assessment (Submission)
    June 2007 North Norfolk District Council Planning Policy Team Telephone: 01263 516318 E-Mail: [email protected] Write to: Jill Fisher, Planning Policy Manager, North Norfolk District Council, Holt Road, Cromer, NR27 9EN www.northnorfolk.org/ldf All of the LDF Documents can be made available in Braille, large print or in other languages. Please contact 01263 516321 to discuss your requirements. Core Strategy Appropriate Assessment (Submission) Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 The Appropriate Assessment Process 4 3 Consultation and Preparation 5 4 Evidence gathering for the Appropriate Assessment 6 European sites that may be affected 6 Characteristics and conservation objectives of the European sites 8 Other relevant plans or projects 25 5 Appropriate Assessment and Plan analysis 28 Tables Table 4.1 - Broadland SPA/SAC qualifying features 9 Table 4.2 - Great Yarmouth North Denes SPA/SAC 12 Table 4.3 - North Norfolk Coast SPA/SAC qualifying features 15 Table 4.4 - Norfolk Valley Fens SAC qualifying features 19 Table 4.5 - Overstrand Cliffs SAC qualifying features 21 Table 4.6 - Paston Great Barn SAC qualifying features 23 Table 4.7 - River Wensum SAC qualifying features 24 Table 4.8 - Neighbouring districts Core Strategy progress table 27 Table 5.1 - Screening for likely significant effects 29 Table 5.2 - Details of Settlements in policies SS1, SS3, SS5 and SS7 to SS14 and how policy amendments have resulted in no likely significant effects being identified 35 Maps Map 4.1 - Environmental Designations 7 Map 4.2 - Broadland Environmental
    [Show full text]
  • River Glaven State of the Environment Report
    The River Glaven A State of the Environment Report ©Ashley Dace and licensed for reuse under this Creative ©Evelyn Simak and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence Commons Licence © Ashley Dace and licensed for reuse under this C reative ©Oliver Dixon and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence Commons Licence Produced by Norfolk Biodiversity Information Service Spring 201 4 i Norfolk Biodiversity Information Service (NBIS) is a Local Record Centre holding information on species, GEODIVERSITY , habitats and protected sites for the county of Norfolk. For more information see our website: www.nbis.org.uk This report is available for download from the NBIS website www.nbis.org.uk Report written by Lizzy Oddy, March 2014. Acknowledgements: The author would like to thank the following people for their help and input into this report: Mark Andrews (Environment Agency); Anj Beckham (Norfolk County Council Historic Environment Service); Andrew Cannon (Natural Surroundings); Claire Humphries (Environment Agency); Tim Jacklin (Wild Trout Trust); Kelly Powell (Norfolk County Council Historic Environment Service); Carl Sayer (University College London); Ian Shepherd (River Glaven Conservation Group); Mike Sutton-Croft (Norfolk Non-native Species Initiative); Jonah Tosney (Norfolk Rivers Trust) Cover Photos Clockwise from top left: Wiveton Bridge (©Evelyn Simak and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence); Glandford Ford (©Ashley Dace and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence); River Glaven above Glandford (©Oliver Dixon and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence); Swan at Glandford Ford (© Ashley Dace and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence). ii CONTENTS Foreword – Gemma Clark, 9 Chalk Rivers Project Community Involvement Officer.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Regulations Assessment: Breckland Council Submission Core Strategy and Development Control Policies
    Habitats Regulation Assessment of the Site Specific Allocations & Policies Document, Wymondham Area Action Plan, Long Stratton Area Action Plan and Cringleford Neighbourhood Development Plan, undertaken for South Norfolk Council October 2013 Natural Environment Team HRA of Site Allocations Document, Wymondham AAP, Long Stratton AAP and Cringleford Neighbourhood Plan for South Norfolk Council October 2013 Habitats Regulation Assessment of the Site Specific Allocations and Policies Document, the Wymondham Area Action Plan, the Long Stratton Area Action Plan and the Cringleford Neighbourhood Development Plan Executive Summary As required by the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010, before deciding to give consent or permission for a plan or project which is likely to have a significant effect on a European site, either alone or in combination with other plans or projects, the competent authority is required to make an appropriate assessment of the implications for that site in view of that site’s conservation objectives. This document is a record of the Habitats Regulation Assessment of the Sites Allocation Document, undertaken for South Norfolk Council. Additionally, proposed development at Wymondham, as described in the emerging Wymondham Area Action Plan, at Long Stratton, as described in the emerging Long Stratton Area Action Plan and proposed housing in the parish of Cringleford, guided by the emerging Cringleford Draft Neighbourhood Plan, are assessed Three groups of plans are reviewed with respect to their conclusions with respect to potential in-combination effects. These are plans for The Greater Norwich Development Partnership, Great Yarmouth Borough Council, Breckland District Council, and The Broads Authority including local development plans and the Tourism Strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cromer Moraine
    THE CROMER MORAINE - A STUDY OF ITS PROGRESSIVE RECLAMATION ELIZABETH LANGTON ProQuest Number: 10097240 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10097240 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ilBSTRAGT The Cromer Moraine forms a distinctive geographical region near the coast of the northern part of the County of Norfolk. A pro­ nounced characteristic of this region is the vridespread cover of heatb-land, far less extensive than in former times. This heathland appears in its turn to have developed from an original woodland cover which was destroyed by the depredations of man and his domesticated animals . It has been necessary first to delimit the region as accurately as possible and this has been accomplished by means of a detailed study of local topography and of well-sections. The earliest evidence of the location of heathland comes from tlie Domesday Survey and this has been confirmed by references to heathland in various other documents dovm to 1750. By the middle of the eighteenth century the new developments in agriculture^ or ’Norfolk Husbandry’ as it was called, became widely known and practised, resulting in this region in a greatly accelerated reclama­ tion of heathland; so that by the time of the Tithe Survey (183S-42) less than a hundred years later over 4000 acres of heath had been reclaimed.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitats Regulations Assessment of the South Norfolk Village Cluster Housing Allocations Plan
    Habitats Regulations Assessment of the South Norfolk Village Cluster Housing Allocations Plan Regulation 18 HRA Report May 2021 Habitats Regulations Assessment of the South Norfolk Village Cluster Housing Allocations Plan Regulation 18 HRA Report LC- 654 Document Control Box Client South Norfolk Council Habitats Regulations Assessment Report Title Regulation 18 – HRA Report Status FINAL Filename LC-654_South Norfolk_Regulation 18_HRA Report_8_140521SC.docx Date May 2021 Author SC Reviewed ND Approved ND Photo: Female broad bodied chaser by Shutterstock Regulation 18 – HRA Report May 2021 LC-654_South Norfolk_Regulation 18_HRA Report_8_140521SC.docx Contents 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of this report ............................................................................................................................................... 1 2 The South Norfolk Village Cluster Housing Allocations Plan ................................................................... 3 2.1 Greater Norwich Local Plan .................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 South Norfolk Village Cluster Housing Allocations Plan ................................................................................ 3 2.3 Village Clusters ..........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Highfield House| Norfolk
    GROUND FLOOR APPROX. FLOOR AREA 1922 SQ.FT. (178.5 SQ.M.) TOTAL APPROX. FLOOR AREA: 4100 SQ.FT. (380.8 SQ.M.) EXCLUDES VOID. HIGHFIELD HOUSE | NORFOLK Whilst every attempt has been A unique detached period residence situated in an idyllic location made to ensure the accuracy of the floor plan contained here, measurements of doors, windows GUIDE PRICE £1,250,000 and rooms are approximate and no responsibility is taken for any error, omission or misstatement. These plans are for representation purposes only and should be used a such by any prospective purchaser. The services, systems and appliances shown have not been tested and no guarantee as to their operability or efficiency can be given. Made with Metropix c 2017 GENERAL REMARKS LOCATION DIRECTIONS HIGHFIELD HOUSE, LOWER BODHAM, AND STIPULATIONS Highfield House is situated in the quiet hamlet of Lower Bodham, an attractive rural location with rolling open coun- NORFOLK, NR25 6RN Intending purchasers will be asked to produce original Identity tryside, mixed woodland and the picturesque fishing lake, Selbrigg Pond, nearby. There is a footpath leading south- Documentation and Proof of Address before solicitors are instructed. wards to Hempstead and Baconsthorpe and another leading northwards through Bodham Common and Hundred Leave Holt on the A148 towards High Kelling and Acre Wood around High Kelling to Kelling Heath. Here, the headwaters of the river Glaven run through undulating Sheringham. On entering High Kelling turn right arable and wooded countryside in a tranquil backwater that is only a short drive from Holt. on to Selbrigg Road, signposted Lower Bodham.
    [Show full text]
  • Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Appendix 22.14 Norfolk Vanguard Onshore Ecology Consultation Responses
    Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Appendix 22.14 Norfolk Vanguard Onshore Ecology Consultation Responses Preliminary Environmental Information Report Volume 3 Author: Royal HaskoningDHV Applicant: Norfolk Boreas Limited Document Reference: PB5640-005-2214 Date: October 2018 Photo: Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm Date Issue Remarks / Reason for Issue Author Checked Approved No. 20/07/18 01D First draft for Norfolk Boreas Limited review GC CD DT 20/09/18 01F Final for PEIR submission GC CD AD/JL Preliminary Environmental Information Report Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm PB5640-005-2214 October 2018 Page i Table of Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 2 Consultation responses Norfolk Vanguard ............................................................... 1 3 References ........................................................................................................... 27 Preliminary Environmental Information Report Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm PB5640-005-2214 October 2018 Page ii Tables Table 2.1 Norfolk Vanguard Consultation Responses 2 Preliminary Environmental Information Report Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm PB5640-005-2214 October 2018 Page iii Glossary of Acronyms CoCP Code of Construction Practice DCO Development Consent Order EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ES Environmental Statement ETG Expert Topic Group HVAC High Voltage Alternating Current HVDC High Voltage Direct Current PEIR Preliminary Environmental Information Report SoS Secretary of State Preliminary Environmental Information Report Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm PB5640-005-2214 October 2018 Page iv This page is intentionally blank. Preliminary Environmental Information Report Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm PB5640-005-2214 October 2018 Page v 1 Introduction 1. Consultation is a key driver of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, and throughout the lifecycle of the project, from the initial stages through to consent and post-consent. 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Norfolk Rivers Trust Partnership River Stiffkey Total Catchment Solution Balancing Nutrients
    Norfolk Rivers Trust Partnership River Stiffkey Total Catchment Solution Balancing Nutrients 1 Mission Statement: Norfolk Rivers Trust’s mission is to enhance the value of the aquatic landscape through encouraging natural processes, with benefits for wildlife and people. Funding for this project • Environment Agency 4 Years • Natural England • World Wildlife Fund • Tesco, Asda, J Sainsbury,Courtauld 2025 • Utility Companies • Land Owners • Local Funders – Wind – Solar - Other Phases of the Project • Phase 1 Current – Walk Overs – Farm Visits – Establish nutrient inflows and Create total Catchment Partnership Plan • Phase 1 a Deliver plan to local community and partners • Phase 2 Establish Additional Funding – Permissions – Permits and Water planning • Phase 3 Deliver improvement • Phase 4 Measure against set Catchment Water Quality Objectives 4 Examples of Silt Trap Interventions Integrated Constructed Wetlands Options Forest and Industrial (food ponds processing) intercepting Flood attenuation wastewater land drainage and treatment treatment Water management through the coherent reanimation of ‘integrated’ constructed wetland types In situ Recreational treatment of Municipal wastewater self cleansing landfill leachate treatment swimming pond Impact Nar silt traps and LWD 350 300 250 Lexham 200 Castle 150 Acre Manor 100 Farm 50 0 2010 2013 2015 Fish numbers on Nar: EA Electro-fishing data 2015 EA Stiffkey Map 8 WATER QUALITY IN THE STIFFKEY AND GLAVEN CATCHMENTS AND BLAKENEY HARBOUR Estuaries and Coasts Partnership Fund Project Summary ABOUT THE PROJECT WE DID NOT FIND EVIDENCE OF SIGNIFICANT WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS POSED TO THE ESTUARY FROM THE STIFFKEY AND GLAVEN CATCHMENTS Blakeney Harbour (Norfolk) offers excellent opportunities for Why do we think this? fishing, sailing and bathing and functions as a nursery and feeding ground for many species of birds, finfish and shellfish.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Action Plan
    BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN April 2018 BROADS IDB – BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN Front cover images (L-R) Marsh Harrier ©Artur Rydzewski; Norfolk Hawker © Milo Bostock; Water Soldier; Water Vole; Berney Marshes ©Mike Page; BIDB Digger BROADS IDB – BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN FOREWORD This Biodiversity Action Plan (Second Edition) has been prepared by the Broads Internal Drainage Board in accordance with the commitment in the Implementation Plan of the DEFRA Internal Drainage Board Review for IDB’s, to produce their own Biodiversity Action Plans by April 2010. As such, the original version was published in January 2010. This revised version aims to continue to align the Broads IDB with biodiversity policy and more specifically, the Biodiversity document for England, “Biodiversity 2020: A strategy for Englands’ Wildlife and Ecosystem Services” and build on the Government’s 25 Year Environmental Plan; A Green Future. In doing so, the document strives to demonstrate the Board’s commitment to fulfilling its duty as a public body under the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 to conserve biodiversity. Many of the Board’s activities have benefits and opportunities for biodiversity, not least its water level management and watercourse maintenance work. It is hoped that this Biodiversity Action Plan will help the Board to maximise the biodiversity benefits from its activities and demonstrate its contribution to the targets as part of the Biodiversity 2020 strategy and achieve wider environmental improvement within its catchments. The Board has adopted the Biodiversity Action Plan as one of its policies and subject to available resources is committed to its implementation. It will review the plan periodically and update it as appropriate.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitats Regulations Assessment: Draft Scoping Report
    North Norfolk 2016 - 2036 HABITATS REGULATIONS ASSESSMENT Draft Scoping Report May 2017 North Norfolk District Council Planning Policy Team Telephone: 01263 516318 E-Mail: [email protected] Write to: Planning Policy Manager, North Norfolk District Council, Holt Road, Cromer, NR27 9EN www.north-norfolk.gov.uk/localplan All documents can be made available in Braille, audio, large print or in other languages. Please contact 01263 516318 to discuss your requirements. Draft HRA Scoping - North Norfolk District Council – Emerging Local Plan Executive Summary Habitats Regulations Assessment is required in accordance with the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010, (amended 2012); in order to ensure that plans and projects do not have a likely significant effect on any European designated sites for nature conservation. Such plans or projects can only proceed if the competent authority is convinced they will not have an “adverse effect on the integrity of a European site”. Where there is uncertainty over the effects then the competent authority will need to demonstrate how these can be avoided and what mitigation can be put in place. A Local Plan is the subject of Habitats Regulations Assessment, which is the responsibility of the plan-making body (in this case North Norfolk District Council) to produce. This scoping report provides the background and review of evidence to support the commencement of screening and the final Habitats Regulations Assessment of the North Norfolk Core Strategy and Site Allocations documents. This report considers: • The European designated sites within and outside the plan area affected. • The characteristics of these sites and their conservation objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eastern Counties, — ——
    ^^^^^ gh Guides : ——- h^ ==h* - c\J : :ct> r ^c\i ==^JQO - T— ""> h»- [~^co '-_ 7 —^^— :n UOUNTIES /t\u* ton ^¥/ua( vY "IP Grantham ' TaUdngh oihv Mort.ml l y'iii.oco..^i>s ^u , ! v , ^i,,:;;^ , i / v '"'''.v/,,. ;r~ nsiimV *\ ?. ' kXOton /lEICESTERY Monftw /{, r fontf* k ^> h'i .;-"" A0% .-O Krlmarsh\ Blisw.wfli.i2 'oad&J Eelmdon. "VTolvei J''u/<}, upthill r9tc Ami? LoAviibo- 'Widfc *Baldock effbhurn f J Marti}*?' Ihxatingfard eitfktoii 7 " gifzzarcL t^r ' t>un.sti ^OXFORD '/'> Ainershain. finest WytHtrnd^iL Bickuuuis>^ Watliagtnti >^Hi^TV^cHnb£ ^M Shxplake- jfe-wrffa^eR E A PI Nla ^ | J. Bartholomew", E3ix k 4t> fcs J«<00®»»®00 o ocoo iO>l>Ot>l>N0500 o o t-o •0000500^000 OOO o ft ,'rH0D»O0006Q0CMlO>LO H00«3 . o CD Ocp CO COO O O OOCOO ^•OOOOOOOOO o o o o Q 5 m taWOWOOOCO>OiO •io»oo>o CO rHrHrHrHi-HrHrHrHrH . rH rH rH rH ^•COOOOOOOOO _CO O O 3 ojlOrHOrHrHrHGOOO :* :'i>ho 3 rHrH<MrHrHt-lr-l<M<M . • rH rH <M O ft . ocococococoococo CO CO CO CO 3 • t» d- t~ i>- rH (MH^HHHIMiMN • <M <M rH <M •oooomooojohoiooo ^5 rH oJcO<NO<M^<MCOOOOOOCO<MO rHrHCQrHr-1 rHrHrH<MrH(MrHrH<M IrHOCOOOOOCOCOCO 00 O CO 'oo r3 :C5000^ocooooocooo o o Q 525 : oq : : : :§? : : : : : O a OQ r-4 : o • : : :^3 : : : : * a a o 3 O : : : : : : : : : : « : a ^ ft .ft .o • n • o3 • o •J25 o9 S • 0) cS . CO . :oq • :,3 : B :ra : flo -»j cS rQ 2 s.d tJD ? B fcr - 00 O ?+3 J* ^b-3 a p 5 3 8.5 g^ - » * +•+* * * H—H— -r-+-»-+-f-+* * +-+ * * -f--r- Tast.
    [Show full text]