Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan

Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

December 2013

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resources Management Plan

313903 EVT EES 003 C http://pims01/pims/llisapi.dll/properties/1547572395 04 December 2013 Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2 Anglian Water 2014 Water Resources Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2 December 2013

Mott MacDonald, Demeter House, Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2RS, United Kingdom

T +44 (0)1223 463500 F +44 (0)1223 461007 W www.mottmac.com

Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Issue and revision record

Revision Date Originator Checker Approver Description Standard A 16 October 2013 Tristan Folland Zoe Trent N Levy Draft for comments Roisin Ni Celia Figueira Mhathuna

B 27 November 2013 Tristan Folland Laura N Levy Final draft for comments Celia Figueira Henderson

C 04 December 2013 Tristan Folland Laura N Levy Final for Submission Celia Figueira Henderson

This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned project document being relied upon by any other party, or being used only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission any other purpose. which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties.

This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from us and from the party which commissioned it..

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Contents

Chapter Title Page

Executive Summary i

1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background ______1 1.2 The Purpose of Habitats Regulations Assessment ______2 1.3 Study Area ______4

2 Methodology 8 2.1 Guidance ______8 2.2 Consultation ______8 2.3 Task 1 Screening Process ______8

3 The Water Resources Management Plan 11 3.1 WRMP Context ______11 3.2 WRMP Region ______11 3.3 WRMP Objectives ______13 3.3.1 General ______13 3.3.2 WRMP Scheme Delivery ______14 3.4 Schemes ______14

4 Relationship with other Plans 17 4.1 Introduction ______17 4.2 Water Resources Management Plans ______17 4.3 Regional Strategy ______19 4.3.1 East of England ______19 4.3.2 North East of England ______19 4.4 Local Plans & Local Development Frameworks ______19 4.5 Enjoying Water - Strategic Priorities for Water Related Recreation in East of England ______21

5 Task 1 Screening for Likely Significant Effects 22 5.1 Assessment of the List of Scheme Options ______22 5.1.1 EA Review of Consents ______22 5.1.2 Screening for Likely Significant Effects______22 5.2 Assessment of Cumulative Effects ______44 5.2.1 Regional Strategy ______44 5.2.2 Enjoying Water - Strategic Priorities for Water Related Recreation in East of England ______44

6 Conclusions of the Test of Likely Significance 46 6.1 Conclusions ______46 6.2 Preferred Plan Schemes and Next Steps ______48

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7 Task 2 Appropriate Assessment 51 7.1 NB2/NB11 Norwich Water Reuse ______51 7.1.1 Scheme Description ______51 7.1.2 Designated Sites ______52 7.1.2.1 The Broads SAC ______52 7.1.2.2 Broadland SPA ______56 7.1.2.3 Broadland Ramsar Site ______58 7.1.3 Potential Impacts of the NB2 Norwich Water Reuse Scheme ______59 7.1.3.1 Physical Loss (habitat destruction) ______59 7.1.3.2 Toxic Contamination (water pollution) ______59 7.1.3.3 Water Table (changes to water levels and flows) ______61 7.1.4 Mitigation Measures ______62 7.1.5 Integrity of the Designated Sites ______63 7.1.5.1 Impacts acting alone______63 7.1.5.2 Impacts acting in-combination ______63 7.2 RHFA1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer ______64 7.2.1 Scheme Description ______64 7.2.2 Designated Sites ______64 7.2.2.1 Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA ______64 7.2.2.2 Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Ramsar Site ______65 7.2.3 Potential Impacts of the RHFA1 Scheme ______67 7.2.3.1 Physical Loss (habitat destruction) ______67 7.2.3.2 Habitat Fragmentation ______67 7.2.3.3 Toxic Contamination (water pollution) ______67 7.2.4 Mitigation ______68 7.2.5 Integrity of the Designated Sites ______68 7.2.5.1 Impacts Acting Alone ______68 7.2.5.2 Impacts Acting In-Combination ______68

8 Task 2 Outcomes 69 8.1 NB2 / NB11 Norwich Reuse Scheme ______69 8.2 RHFA1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer Scheme ______69 8.3 Further Assessments ______69

9 Overall Conclusions 70 9.1 Conclusions of the HRA ______70

10 References 71

Appendices 73 Appendix A. Schemes Description ______74 A.1 West Suffolk RZ ______74 A.2 Ely RZ ______75 A.3 Newmarket RZ ______76

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A.4 Cheveley RZ ______76 A.5 Central Essex RZ ______76 A.6 Norwich and The Broads RZ ______76 A.7 Fenland RZ ______78 A.8 Hunstanton RZ ______79 A.9 South Essex RZ ______80 A.10 East Suffolk RZ ______81 A.11 North Ruthamford RZ ______82 A.12 South Ruthamford RZ______83 A.13 Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ (old resource zone*) ______85 Appendix B. Screening Matrices ______87

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Executive Summary

Introduction

Anglian Water is required to prepare and publish a Water Resource Management Plan (WRMP). The purpose of a WRMP is to set out a 25 year strategy for managing water supply and demand.

To complete the 2015 WRMP, Anglian Water commissioned work to assess the environmental implications of each feasible option for maintaining the supply-demand balance. This work was completed in three parts:  A Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA)  A Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA); and  A Water Framework Directive (WFD) assessment.

Anglian Water commissioned Mott MacDonald to complete the HRA and SEA. Atkins was commissioned to complete the WFD assessments.

Although the process for producing a WRMP is interlinked with the processes for producing the HRA and SEA, only the results of the HRA are reported in this document. The SEA is reported separately. The WFD assessments have fed into both the HRA and SEA and, via these, into the WRMP. A summary of all of the environmental work is given in the 2015 WRMP.

Habitats Regulations Assessment Process

Under the European Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (also known as the ‘Habitats Directive’) and the resulting Conservation of Habitats and Species (Amendment) Regulations 2012, a HRA is required to ensure that effects of the WRMP on sites of European nature conservation importance are considered. This report presents the results of the first stage of the HRA process, the Task 1: Test of Likely Significance (or ‘screening’), and the second stage of the HRA process, the Task 2 Appropriate Assessment.

The HRA was undertaken with regard to the guidance document ‘Strategic Environmental Assessment and Habitats Regulations Assessment - Guidance for Water Resources Management Plans and Drought Plans (12/WR/02/7)’ (UK Water Industry Research, 2012).

HRA Task 1 Test of Likely Significance (screening)

A HRA Task 1 ‘Test of Likely Significance’ (ToLS) (screening) was undertaken for the WRMP scheme options to determine whether there was potential for likely significant effects (LSE) on European sites.

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The ToLS has identified the WRMP scheme options with the potential to result in likely significant effects (see table below). Preferred schemes are highlighted in purple. Schemes European sites with likely significant effects West Suffolk RZ WS1 Newmarket PZ transfer None WS2 East Suffolk RZ transfer None WS3 Bury St. Edmunds water reuse None WS4 Thetford water reuse Breckland SPA/SAC WS5 River Lark Flow Augmentation None WS6 South Essex RZ transfer None Ely RZ E1 Fenland RZ transfer Fenland SAC E2 Newmarket RZ transfer None Newmarket RZ NWM1 Ely RZ transfer None NWM2 West Suffolk RZ transfer None Cheveley RZ CVY1 Newmarket RZ transfer None CVY2 West Suffolk RZ transfer None Central Essex RZ CE1 South Essex RZ transfer None CE2 West Suffolk RZ transfer None Norwich & the Broads RZ NB1 / NB12 Bacton desalination Paston Great Barn SAC Haisborough, Hammond and Winterton SAC NB2 / NB11 Norwich water reuse River Wensum SAC Broadland SPA/Ramsar NB3 Cantley desalination Breydon Water SPA/Ramsar The Broads SAC Broadland SPA/Ramsar NB4 Lowestoft water reuse Broadland SPA/Ramsar The Broads SAC NB5 Norwich storage None NB6 Norwich intake with pre-treatment None NB7 Norwich intake with lining existing bankside None storage NB8 Norwich intake with new bankside storage None NB10 Norwich intake to existing bankside storage None Fenland RZ F1 Kings Lynn and Wisbech water reuse The Wash SPA/Ramsar The Wash & North Norfolk Coast SAC F2 Kings Lynn desalination The Wash SPA/Ramsar The Wash & North Norfolk Coast SAC

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Schemes European sites with likely significant effects F4 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer (12 Ml/d) None F5 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer (25 Ml/d) None Hunstanton RZ H1 Fenland RZ transfer None H2 Heacham water reuse The Wash SPA/Ramsar The Wash & North Norfolk Coast SAC H3 Wash desalination The Wash SPA/Ramsar The Wash & North Norfolk Coast SAC H4 Hunstanton RZ groundwater development None South Essex RZ SE1 Colchester water reuse Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) SPA/Ramsar SE2 / SE8 East Suffolk RZ transfer None SE4 Amendment to Ardleigh agreement None SE6 South Essex RZ groundwater development None SE7 Ardleigh reservoir extension Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) SPA/Ramsar East Suffolk RZ ES3 Ipswich water reuse None ES4 Felixstowe desalination None ES6 East Suffolk RZ groundwater development None ES10 South Essex RZ transfer None Ruthamford North RHFA2 Peterborough water reuse Nene Washes SAC/SPA/Ramsar RHFA3 Rutland dam raising Rutland Water SPA/Ramsar RHFA4 Reduce export to STW None RHFA5 Pitsford dam raising None RHFA6 Canal transfer None RHFA15 Saltersford reduction None Ruthamford South RHFA1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 1 Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA/Ramsar RHFA7 Grafham dam raising None RHFA8 New Ruthamford South reservoir None RHFA9 Grafham intake refurbishment; None RHFA10 Re-commission Pulloxhill WTW None RHFA11 Re-commission Ruthamford South RZ None reservoir RHFA13 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 2 None RHFA14 Huntingdon water reuse Portholme SAC RHFP1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 3 Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA/Ramsar RHFP2 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 4 None RHFP3 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 5 None RHFP4 Clapham WTW None

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Schemes European sites with likely significant effects RHFP5 Ruthamford North RZ transfer Portholme SAC Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ (old RZ*) CWS1 Thetford PZ transfer Breckland SPA/SAC CWS3 Sudbury PZ transfer None CWS6 Haverhill water reuse None CWS11 Fenland RZ transfer Breckland SPA/SAC

*Note: The Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ has been split into West Suffolk RZ, Sudbury RZ, Newmarket RZ, Ely RZ, and Cheveley RZ. However, schemes developed under the Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ which have not been subsequently taken forward are included in the HRA for completeness and retain their CWS scheme reference.

Development of the Preferred Plan Schemes

Details of the full 25 year plan set out in the WRMP are presented in the table below. The scheme reference numbers are in brackets. These schemes make up the preferred plan in the 2015 WRMP. The schemes in the preferred plan were chosen based on a number of factors including:  Economic modelling;  Feasibility;  Capacity to meet deficit;  Environmental effects (from the HRA, SEA, and WFD assessment); and  Capacity to meet long-term supply demand objectives.

New Option Option AMP (water Reference available)

WS2 East Suffolk RZ Transfer 7 WS5 River Lark Flow Augmentation 8 NB10 Norwich intake to existing bankside storage 7 NB11 Norwich water reuse 9 F4 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer (12 Ml/d) 7 H1 Fenland RZ transfer 7 SE4 Amendment to Ardleigh Agreement 9 ES3 Ipswich water reuse 10 ES10 South Essex RZ transfer 9 E2 Newmarket RZ transfer 7 NWM2 West Suffolk RZ transfer 8 CE1 South Essex RZ transfer 8 CVY1 Newmarket RZ transfer 8 RHFA1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 1 8

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RHFA11 Re-commission Ruthamford South RZ reservoir 10 RHFA15 Saltersford reduction 10

Demand management schemes (leakage, enhanced metering, and water efficiency) are not required to undergo a HRA due to the nature of the schemes.

A Task 2 AA was completed for the following WRMP preferred schemes identified in the HRA ToLS as having the potential for likely significant effects:  NB2 / NB11 – Potential for negative effects on the Broads SAC and Broadland SPA and Ramsar. The significance of these effects will be investigated through the AA; and  RHFA1 – Potential for negative effects on the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA and Ramsar. The significance of these effects will be investigated through the AA.

HRA Task 2 Appropriate Assessment

A Task 2 Appropriate Assessment (AA) was undertaken for preferred schemes NB2 and RHFA1.

The results of the Task 2 AA for scheme NB2/NB11 concluded that no physical loss of habitat extent or current vegetation structure and/or composition within the designated sites is predicted. The water quality treatments incorporated into the design of the proposed scheme are considered to be sufficient to avoid adverse effects on the designated sites due to water quality change. A flow volume diagram was developed by Anglian Water which predicted that flows downstream of Whitlingham STW will not be altered. Therefore, no direct or indirect effects to the designated sites are predicted as a result of the implementation of the NB2/ NB11 Norwich Water Reuse scheme. In conclusion no adverse effects on the qualifying features of the Broads SAC and Broadland SPA and Ramsar site are expected through the implementation of this scheme.

The results of the Task 2 AA for scheme RHFA1 concluded that the footprint of the scheme is at least 500m outside the boundary of the Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA/Ramsar site, therefore, habitat extent, vegetation structure and/or composition within the designated sites will not be affected. Habitat fragmentation can be avoided through the timing of construction works outside of the winter period so as not to disturb or displace Golden Plover, a qualifying species of the SPA. Restrictions on construction timing and implementation of measures to protect water quality are considered sufficient to avoid adverse effects on the integrity of the European designated sites with respect to water pollution. Therefore, no direct effects to the designated sites are predicted as a result of the implementation of the RHFA1 scheme, and any indirect disturbance to its qualifying features can be avoided though mitigation. In conclusion no adverse effects on the qualifying features of the Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA/Ramsar site are expected through the implementation of this scheme.

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Overall Conclusions of the HRA

The HRA screening undertaken for the WRMP scheme options has helped to identify proposed schemes that have the potential for likely significant effects on European sites. Where the HRA screening demonstrated potential for schemes to have likely significant effects, and these schemes were chosen as preferred schemes for the WRMP, a HRA Task 2 AA was undertaken.

The table below summarises the results of the HRA for the preferred plan schemes. The HRA demonstrated that with implementation of mitigation measures the WRMP preferred plan will not have adverse effects on site integrity (AESI). Schemes Scheme European sites with adverse effects West Suffolk RZ WS2 East Suffolk RZ transfer None WS5 River Lark Flow Augmentation None Ely RZ E2 Newmarket RZ transfer None Newmarket RZ NWM2 West Suffolk RZ transfer None Cheveley RZ CVY1 Newmarket RZ transfer None Central Essex RZ CE1 South Essex RZ transfer None Norwich and The Broad RZ NB11 Norwich water reuse None NB10 Norwich intake to existing bankside storage None Fenland RZ F4 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer (12 Ml/d) None Hunstanton RZ H1 Fenland RZ transfer None South Essex RZ SE4 Amendment to Ardleigh agreement None East Suffolk RZ ES3 Ipswich water reuse None ES10 South Essex RZ transfer None Ruthamford South RHFA1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 1 None RHFA11 Re-commission Ruthamford South RZ None reservoir Ruthamford North RHFA15 Saltersford reduction None

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1 Introduction

1.1 Background

Anglian Water is required to prepare and publish a Water Resource Management Plan (WRMP). The purpose of a WRMP is to set out a 25 year strategy for managing water supply and demand.

Anglian Water commissioned Mott MacDonald to complete the HRA and SEA. Atkins was commissioned to complete the WFD assessments.

Figure 1.1 demonstrates the interactions between the different environmental assessments.

Figure 1.1: Assessment Interactions

Under the European Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (also known as the ‘Habitats Directive’) and the resulting Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended), a HRA is required to ensure that effects of the WRMP on European sites of nature conservation importance are considered. This report presents the results of the first two stages of the HRA process, the Task 1: Test of Likely Significance (or ‘screening’), and the second stage of the HRA process, the Task 2 Appropriate Assessment.

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An glian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

1.2 The Purpose of Habitats Regulations Assessment

In accordance with Article 6(3) of the Habitats Directive ‘Article 6 Assessments’ are required where a plan not directly connected with or necessary to the management of a European designated site(s), may give rise to significant effects upon a European designated site(s). The requirement for Article 6 Assessments has been transposed into UK law under Regulation 61(2) of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2012 (‘Habitats Regulations’) (as amended) and is commonly referred to as a ‘Habitats Regulations Assessment’ (HRA) or an ‘Appropriate Assessment’ (AA). ‘Appropriate Assessment’ is taken to mean an assessment which is “appropriate to its purpose under the Habitats Directive and Habitats Regulations” and is not to be confused with the second of the Article 6 Assessments with the same name (Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG), 2006).

In Regulation 8 of the Habitats Regulations the term “European site” includes “European marine site” and refers to European designated sites, including Special Protection Areas (SPAs), Special Areas for Conservation (SACs), candidate SACs and proposed SPAs, as well as Sites of Community Importance (SCIs) which have been adopted by the EC, but not yet formally designated by the government of a Member State. In the UK, Ramsar sites are also required to undergo an assessment when a plan is considered likely to have a significant effect upon them (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), 2006).

Before deciding to undertake a plan that may give rise to significant effects upon a European site (that is not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the European site), a Competent Authority must make an assessment of the implications for that site in view of the site’s conservation objectives. In this instance Anglian Water is considered to be the Competent Authority under Part 6 of the Habitats Regulations. The Competent Authority must also consult with the appropriate nature conservation body (i.e. Natural England (NE)) and have regard to any representations made by that body.

The HRA for the assessment of a plan is undertaken in a series of tasks (DCLG, 2006). These tasks correspond with the Article 6 Assessments prescribed by the Habitats Directive (Figure 1.2). Each task determines whether further tasks in the process are required. The first task identifies likely significant effects by identifying the presence or absence of significance indicators. If the conclusion of Task 1 is that there will be no significant impacts on the European site, there is no requirement to undertake further tasks.

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An glian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Figure 1.2: The Article 6 Assessment Process

Consideration of a Plan or Project Affecting a Natura 2000 Site

Is the project or plan (PP) directly connected with Yes or necessary to the site management for nature conservation? No No Task 1 Screening: Identification of impacts Yes

Is the PP likely to have significant effects No on the site?

Yes Task 2 Appropriate Assessment: Assessment of impacts on site integrity Assessment of potential mitigation

Will the PP adversely affect the integrity No begranted may Authorisation of the site?

Yes

Redraft PP Task 3: Assessment of alternative solutions Yes No Yes No Is there a potential residual Yes negative impact on the integrity of the site? Authorisation may be granted Compensation measures required following Does the site host a priority No Yes consultation habitat or species? with Competent Authority

Authorisation may be granted for reasons of overriding Yes Are there imperative reasons No of overriding public interest? public interest following Consultation with Competent Authority Are there human health or Yes safety considerations or No

important environmental grantednot must beAuthorisation benefits?

NB: The term ‘Task’ is used in reference to an assessment of a plan (DCLG, 2006).

Where a plan is likely to give rise to significant effects upon a European site, an assessment must be made of the implications on the integrity of that site in view of that site’s structure, function and conservation objectives (Task 2). Furthermore where there are adverse impacts, an assessment of potential mitigation measures will also be required in Task 2. If it is concluded that adverse impacts are likely to remain after mitigation, there must be an examination of alternative ways to complete the plan that avoids adverse impacts on the integrity of the site (Task 3). Where alternatives exist these should be subjected to Task 1 and/or Task 2 assessments. Where no alternatives exist it is necessary under Article 6(4) of the Habitats Directive to identify if there are, or are not, imperative reasons for overriding public interest (IROPI). If there are IROPI then compensatory measures must be assessed (Task 4). In making

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An glian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

this assessment, it is important to recognise that it should be appropriate to the likely scale, importance and impact of the plan.

1.3 Study Area

The area covered by the Anglian Water 2015 WRMP supports large proportions of England’s wetland and coastal habitats including 45% of England’s reedbeds (concentrated across Norfolk and Suffolk), 40% of England’s inter-tidal mudflat area (which are important staging posts for migrating birds and feeding sites for large numbers of internationally important waders and wildfowl), 1200km (25%) of the UK’s chalk rivers, and 20% of England’s grazing marshes (Environment Agency, 2012). In the WRMP area and the 10km area surrounding the WRMP boundary there are 38 SACs, as well as 27 SPAs and Ramsar wetlands of International importance (Table 1.1, Figure 1.3 and Figure 1.4 show the names and locations of the designated sites).

Table 1.1: European and Ramsar sites within the study area. Site SAC SPA Ramsar Abberton Reservoir × × Alde-Ore & Butley Estuaries × Alde-Ore Estuary × × Barnack Hills & Holes × Baston Fen × Benacre to Easton Bavents × Benacre to Easton Bavents Lagoons × Birklands & Bilhaugh × Blackwater Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 4) × × Breckland × × Breydon Water × × Broadland × × Castle Eden Dene × Chilterns Beechwoods × Chippenham Fen × Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) × × Deben Estuary × × Dengie (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 1) × × Dersingham Bog × Devils Dyke × Durham Coast × Essex Estuaries × Eversden and Wimpole Woods × Fenland × Gibraltar Point × × Great Yarmouth North Denes × Grimsthorpe × Haisborough, Hammond and Winterton × Hamford Water p × ×

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Site SAC SPA Ramsar Hatfield Moor × Humber Estuary × × × Inner Dowsing, Race Bank and North Ridge × Minsmere to Walberswick Heaths & Marshes × Minsmere-Walberswick × × Nene Washes × × × Norfolk Valley Fens × North Norfolk Coast × × × Northumbria Coast × × Orfordness-Shingle Street × Orton Pit × Ouse Washes × × × Outer Thames Estuary × Overstrand Cliffs × Paston Great Barn × Portholme × Redgrave & South Lopham Fens × Rex Graham Reserve × River Wensum × Roydon Common × Roydon Common & Dersingham Bog × Rutland Water × × Saltfleetby-Theddlethorpe Dunes & Gibraltar × Point Sandlings × Staverton Park & The Thicks, Wantisden × Stour and Orwell Estuaries × × Teesmouth & Cleveland Coast × × The Broads × The Wash × × The Wash & North Norfolk Coast × Thorne & Hatfield Moors × Thorne Moor × Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits × × Waveney & Little Ouse Valley Fens × Wicken Fen × Winterton-Horsey Dunes × Woodwalton Fen × Total 38 27 27 p = possible European site, meets qualification criteria but not formally designated.

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Figure 1.3: Map of European and Ramsar Sites in the Anglian Region

Source: Anglian Water, 2013

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Figure 1.4: Map of European and Ramsar Sites in Hartlepool

Source: Anglian Water, 2013 NB: Red line boundary denotes Anglian Water Hartlepool region and buffer zone.

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An glian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

2 Methodology

2.1 Guidance

2.2 Consultation

Consultation on this HRA Report has been undertaken with Natural England, the Environment Agency and other key stakeholders. Consultation results were reviewed and the report updated as appropriate.

2.3 Task 1 Screening Process

WRMP schemes were screened using electronic maps of assets provided by Anglian Water. The variation in the potential impacts between different types of scheme within the WRMP can be significant. Such variation is related to the geographic and temporal scale of construction phases, the degree of hydrological connectivity with European sites and the sensitivity of features within the European sites. As a result of this potential variation the following scheme specific buffers were created around European sites likely to be affected (these buffers are based on past experience and best practice advice from the Environment Agency and Natural England on previous projects):  Desalination (5km);  Tankering (1km);  Pipelines (500m);  Effluent discharge (5km);  Reservoir options - increase yield/intakes/improve efficiency (5km from source);  Reservoirs options - increase capacity raising/dredging (500m);  Reservoirs options – new reservoirs (500m);  River abstraction (overlap between European site and catchment);  Ground water abstraction (overlap between European site and catchment);  Artificial storage and recovery (overlap between European site and aquifer) [where scheme information is available]; and  Aquifer recharge options (overlap between European site and aquifer) [where scheme information is available].

Depending on the nature and magnitude of the proposed schemes and the sensitivity of the qualifying features of the designated sites, the resulting impacts may vary. A summary of the potential impacts considered in this assessment is provided in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Potential Generic Impacts of the WRMP Schemes Broad categories of potential impacts on European sites (with examples) Examples of operations resulting in impacts Physical loss Development of built infrastructure associated with the scheme, Destruction (including offsite effects) e.g. pipelines, temporary weirs, access routes e.g. foraging habitat Physical loss is only likely to be significant where the boundary of Smothering the scheme extends within the boundary of the European site, or within an offsite area of known foraging, roosting, breeding habitat (that supports species for which a European site is designated).

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Broad categories of potential impacts on European sites (with examples) Examples of operations resulting in impacts Physical damage Development of built infrastructure associated with the scheme, Habitat degradation e.g. reservoir embankments, water treatment plants, pipelines, pumping stations Erosion Recreation e.g. cycling, walking, horse-riding, water-sports Trampling associated with scheme benefits e.g. reservoirs Fragmentation Physical damage is only likely to be significant where the boundary Severance/barrier effects of the scheme extends within or is directly adjacent to the boundary Edge effects of the European site, or within/adjacent to an offsite area of known foraging, roosting, breeding habitat (that supports species for which a European site is designated) Non-physical disturbance Noise from vehicular traffic during construction of the scheme. Noise Noise from construction traffic is only likely to be significant where the transport route to and from the scheme is within 500m of the Visual presence boundary of the European site Light pollution Plant and personnel involved in construction and operation of the scheme e.g. for maintenance plus non-operational activities such as recreation associated with scheme e.g. reservoirs. These effects (noise visual /human presence) are only likely to be significant where the boundary of the scheme is within 500m of the boundary of the European site or within/adjacent to an offsite area of known foraging, roosting, breeding habitat (that supports species for which a European site is designated) Development of built infrastructure associated with the scheme, which includes artificial lighting. Effects from light pollution are only likely to be significant where the boundary of the scheme is within 500km of the boundary of the European site. From a review of Environment Agency internal guidance on HRA and various websites it is considered that effects of vibration and noise and light are more likely to be significant if development is within 500 metres of a European site Water table/availability Changes to water levels and flows due to water abstraction, Drying storage and drainage interception associated with inland schemes. These effects are only likely to be significant where the boundary of Flooding/storm water the scheme extends within the same ground or surface water Changes to surface water levels and flows catchment as the European site. However, these effects are Changes to groundwater levels and flows dependent on hydrological continuity between the scheme and the European site, and sometimes, whether the scheme is up or Changes to coastal water movement downstream from the European site Toxic contamination Air emissions associated with vehicular traffic during construction of Water pollution schemes. This effect is only likely to be significant where the transport route to and from the scheme is within 200 metres of the Soil contamination boundary of the European site Air pollution Non-toxic contamination Changes to water salinity, nutrient levels, turbidity, thermal regime Nutrient enrichment (e.g. of soils and water) due to water abstraction, storage, or inter-catchment transfers. These effects are only likely to be of significance where the Algal blooms boundary of the scheme extends within the same ground or surface Changes in salinity water catchment as the European site. However, these effects are Changes in thermal regime dependent on hydrological continuity between the scheme and the European site. This level of information is not available until data Changes in turbidity such as groundwater modelling is collected to accompany planning Changes in sedimentation/silting applications Air pollution (dust) Emissions of dust during the earthworks, construction of plant and tunnel/pipeline construction associated with schemes Biological Disturbances Potential for changes to habitat availability, e.g. reductions in Direct mortality wetted width of rivers leading to desiccation of macrophyte beds due to changes in abstraction or reduced compensation flow Changes to habitat availability This effect is only likely to be significant where the receiving water

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Broad categories of potential impacts on European sites (with examples) Examples of operations resulting in impacts Out-competition by non-native species for the scheme is the European site or a tributary of the European site Selective extraction of species Introduction of disease Introduction of invasive species Rapid population fluctuations Natural succession

Source: adapted from “Strategic Environmental Assessment and Habitats Regulations Assessment - Guidance for Water Resources Management Plans and Drought Plans (12/WR/02/7)” (UK Water Industry Research, 2012).

For in combination impacts with Local Planning Authority Local Plans or Local Development Frameworks (LDFs) a 10km buffer was created around the Anglian Water region. All HRAs for Local Plans or LDFs within this 10km buffer were reviewed where available (see Section 4).

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3 The Water Resources Management Plan

3.1 WRMP Context

All water companies are required to prepare a Water Resources Management Plan (WRMP) to comply with statutory requirements in the Water Resources Management Plan Regulations 2007 issued by the Secretary of State in exercise of the powers conferred by the Water Act 2003. The purpose of the WRMP is to set out how a water company intends to balance supply and demand over a period of 25 years.

Anglian Water published its previous WRMP in February 2010. It set out the strategy for maintaining a secure supply-demand balance through a combination of water resource management measures including demand management, transfers and water resource development.

WRMPs are prepared every 5 years and reviewed annually as part of the WRMP Annual Review. This involves the production of a stand-alone report and table that are submitted to Defra as part of the WRMP statutory review process. The new WRMP has been prepared by Anglian Water and will be published in 2015. The 2015 WRMP is the subject of the HRA.

3.2 WRMP Region

Anglian Water is the largest water and wastewater company in England and Wales by geographic area. It stretches from the Humber north of Grimsby, to the Thames estuary and then from Buckinghamshire to Lowestoft on the east coast. It also covers the Hartlepool area (see Figure 3.1). It is one of the driest regions in the country, with just 600mm of rain each year, on average a third less than the rest of England.

For the purposes of water resource management the Anglian Water region and WRMP are structured around Water Resource Zones (WRZs), also known as Resource Zones (RZs). The RZs have recently been reviewed and there have been changes to boundaries and names from those defined in the previous WRMP. Each RZ is based on the characteristics of the local water supply system and represents the largest area in which water resources can be shared. In each RZ, customers therefore experience the same risk of supply failure from a resource shortfall. The current RZs with predicted deficits assessed in this report are:  West Suffolk RZ;  Ely RZ;  Cheveley RZ;  Central Essex RZ;  Norwich & the Broads RZ;  Fenland RZ;  Hunstanton RZ;  South Essex RZ;  East Suffolk RZ; and  Ruthamford South.

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Figure 3.1: Map of the Anglian Water Region showing Resource Zones

Source: Anglian Water (2013)

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3.3 WRMP Objectives

3.3.1 General

The 2009 Anglian Water Strategic Direction Statement (SDS) identifies growth, climate change and growing environmental pressure as the key drivers for future water resource management strategy in the Anglian region. In response, the Anglian Water 2010 WRMP and 2009 business plan promoted a twin- track investment programme based on managing leakage, increasing meter penetration and water efficiency activity, transferring resources from areas of surplus to areas of need, and using the remaining available resources.

Since 2010, the Government White Paper: Water for Life has been published. This recognised the strategic challenge of growth, climate change and growing environmental need, and that investment will be required to ensure that customers continue to receive the service they expect. The key elements of the White Paper have been transposed into the current Water Resource Planning (WRP) guidelines and from this, the Governments priorities for the 2015 WRMP and PR14 business plan may be summarised as:  Provide secure, sustainable and affordable supplies for customers;  Take a long-term perspective, ensuring that supply systems are made resilient to the effect of future uncertainties, such as climate change;  Take better account of the value of water and the environmental and social costs of its abstraction and use;  Consider all options for balancing supply and demand, including: – Water trading, and – Cross boundary and third party solutions,  Reduce the demand for water by managing leakage and introducing water efficiency measures to customers that help reduce the volume of water they use; and  Ensure that customer views are taken into account on levels of service (LoS) and cost.

The Anglian Water strategic water resource management objectives are consistent with the priorities expressed in Water for Life and the WRP guidelines and may be summarised as follows:  Reliable supplies: providing the level of service that customers expect and making sure that the Anglian Water supply system is resilient to the effects of climate change, population and property growth and other challenges such as deteriorating raw water quality and the periodic effects of drought;  Sustainable upstream resource base: no damage to the environment from the things that Anglian Water do; and  An affordable investment programme: good value for money for customers - not just by keeping bills as low as possible, but by protecting vulnerable customers as well.

To achieve these outcomes, it will be necessary for Anglian Water to:  Ensure that water is used more efficiently: includes initiatives to change customer attitudes and water using behaviour, reduce leakage, increase water reuse and trade surplus water;  Use water from sustainable sources: includes reforming abstraction activity and replacing sources linked to unsustainable levels of abstraction;

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 Create a flexible and adaptive supply-system: includes increasing connectivity and building multi- stakeholder adaptive management capacity;  Increase resilience: this also includes increasing connectivity within the water supply network, as well as the increasing the stored volume of raw water; and  Sustainable design and construction: delivering water resource schemes using low carbon design and lean construction techniques.

From these high-level requirements, the principal elements of the 2015 WRMP and PR14 BP will be derived.

3.3.2 WRMP Scheme Delivery

In 2008 Anglian Water developed a low carbon design strategy which was implemented across all capital delivery routes. This encompassed the measurement, management and reduction of embodied and operational emissions in all new and refurbished assets.

This low carbon strategy supports two goals in the PR09 business plan: to halve the embodied carbon emissions of assets built in 2015 from a 2010 baseline; and reduce operational carbon emissions by 10% in real terms by 2015 from a 2010 baseline. Robust governance means scheme design carbon emissions are measured and challenged on three separate occasions prior to construction starting on site.

With low carbon design now embedded within the organisation and the benefits fully understood, this focus will continue beyond 2015. Design and delivery of schemes contained within the WRMP will be in accordance with the principles of the low carbon design strategy.

3.4 Schemes

As part of the WRMP development process Anglian Water has undertaken modelling to identify areas with a surplus or deficit of water supply. For areas with deficits, Anglian Water has developed a range of options for maintaining the supply demand balance. These fall into two broad categories:  Demand Management options – options that will reduce the demand for water including metering, water efficiency, and leakage reduction; and  Supply options – options that will provide a water supply to customers including transfers, maximising existing resources, trading, tankering, and new resources.

The WRMP will be a mix of these two broad categories. Although demand management options are likely to have the least environmental effects, if implemented on their own they will not meet the deficits forecast in the region. Therefore, supply options are also needed.

HRA screening was not undertaken for the demand management options because it is not required due to the nature of demand management schemes. The SEA considered the wider environmental effects of the demand management options including effects on ecology.

The list of supply schemes that were assessed as part of the HRA screening is provided below:  West Suffolk RZ: - WS1 Newmarket PZ transfer; - WS2 East Suffolk RZ transfer;

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- WS3 Bury St. Edmunds water reuse; - WS4 Thetford water reuse; - WS5 River Lark Flow Augmentation; and - WS6 South Essex RZ transfer.  Ely RZ: - E1 Fenland RZ transfer; and - E2 Newmarket RZ transfer.  Newmarket RZ: - NWM1 Ely RZ transfer; and - NWM2 West Suffolk RZ transfer.  Cheveley RZ: - CVY1 Newmarket RZ transfer; and - CVY2 West Suffolk RZ transfer.  Central Essex RZ: - CE1 South Essex RZ transfer; and - CE2 West Suffolk RZ transfer.  Norwich & the Broads RZ: - NB1 / NB12 Bacton desalination; - NB2 / NB11 Norwich water reuse; - NB3 Cantley desalination; - NB4 Lowestoft water reuse; - NB5 Norwich storage; - NB6 Norwich intake with pre-treatment; - NB7 Norwich intake with lining existing bankside storage; - NB8 Norwich intake with new bankside storage; and - NB10 Norwich intake to existing bankside storage.  Fenland RZ: - F1 Kings Lynn and Wisbech water reuse; - F2 Kings Lynn desalination; - F4 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer (12 Ml/d); and - F5 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer (25 Ml/d).  Hunstanton RZ: - H1 Fenland RZ transfer; - H2 Heacham water reuse; - H3 Wash desalination; and - H4 Hunstanton RZ groundwater development.  South Essex RZ: - SE1 Colchester water reuse; - SE2 / SE8 East Suffolk RZ transfer; - SE4 Amendment to Ardleigh agreement; - SE6 South Essex RZ groundwater development; and - SE7 Ardleigh reservoir extension.  East Suffolk RZ: - ES3 Ipswich water reuse; - ES4 Felixstowe desalination; - ES6 East Suffolk RZ groundwater development; and - ES10 South Essex RZ transfer.

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 Ruthamford North: - RHFA2 Peterborough water reuse; - RHFA3 Rutland dam raising; - RHFA4 Reduce export to STW; - RHFA5 Pitsford dam raising; - RHFA6 Canal transfer; and - RHFA15 Saltersford reduction.  Ruthamford South: - RHFA1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 1; - RHFA7 Grafham dam raising; - RHFA8 New Ruthamford South reservoir; - RHFA9 Grafham intake refurbishment; - RHFA10 Re-commission Pulloxhill WTW; - RHFA11 Re-commission Ruthamford South RZ reservoir; - RHFA13 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 2; - RHFA14 Huntingdon water reuse; - RHFP1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 3; - RHFP2 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 4; - RHFP3 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 5; - RHFP4 Clapham WTW; and - RHFP5 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer.  Cambridge and West Suffolk RZ: - CWS1 Thetford PZ transfer; - CWS3 Sudbury PZ transfer; - CWS6 Haverhill water reuse; and - CWS11 Fenland RZ transfer.

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4 Relationship with other Plans

4.1 Introduction

Cumulative and in-combination effects on European sites can occur between the WRMP schemes and other plans. Neighbouring Water Company WRMPs, regional plans and local plans have been assessed for potential cumulative and in-combination effects with the Anglian Water 2015 WRMP. This section presents the plans that have been reviewed, and the results of the assessment are presented in Section 5.2. It should be noted that the assessment of cumulative and in-combination effects is largely dependent on the availability of sufficient information in the public domain.

4.2 Water Resources Management Plans

In-combination impacts are likely to arise where water resources are shared between neighbouring water companies and that any change in quantity or quality of these resources could be reasonably foreseen to impact on a European site. Such a situation could occur if:  Abstraction or discharge consents are proposed to exceed current consent limits; and  New abstraction or discharges are proposed in an area with hydrological connection with shared water resources and European sites.

Table 4.1 lists neighbouring Water Companies and HRAs on their WRMPs, where available.

Table 4.1: Neighbouring Water Companies WRMPs HRAs Water undertaker WRMP period HRA available for review Affinity Water 2010-2035 Not available (currently in preparation) Cambridge Water 2010-2035 Not available Essex and Suffolk Water 2010-2035 Not available Northumbrian Water 2010-2035 Assessment not undertaken because no sites likely to be affected Severn Trent Water 2010-2035 Not available Thames Water 2010-2035 Available Yorkshire Water 2010-2035 Assessment not undertaken because SEA screening on the Yorkshire Water WRMP did not identify likely significant effects

Subject to further assessment (as more WRMP HRAs become available), a list of European sites likely to be susceptible to in-combination effects (because the water catchments in which they are located overlap the boundaries of a neighbouring water company), is given below in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2: European and Ramsar sites within the study area susceptible to in-combination effects Site SAC SPA Ramsar Abberton Reservoir × × Alde-Ore & Butley Estuaries × Alde-Ore Estuary × × Baston Fen × Benacre to Easton Bavents × Benacre to Easton Bavents Lagoons × Birklands & Bilhaugh × Blackwater Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 4) × ×

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Site SAC SPA Ramsar Breckland × × Breydon Water × × Broadland × × Castle Eden Dene × Chilterns Beechwoods × Chippenham Fen × Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) × × Deben Estuary × × Dengie (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 1) × × Dersingham Bog × Devils Dyke × Essex Estuaries × Eversden and Wimpole Woods × Fenland × Hamford Water p × × Hatfield Moor × Humber Estuary × × × Minsmere to Walberswick Heaths & Marshes × Minsmere-Walberswick × × Nene Washes × × × Norfolk Valley Fens × North Norfolk Coast × × × Orfordness-Shingle Street × Orton Pit × Ouse Washes × × × Portholme × Redgrave & South Lopham Fens × Rex Graham Reserve × Roydon Common × Roydon Common & Dersingham Bog × Rutland Water × × Sandlings × Staverton Park & The Thicks, Wantisden × Stour and Orwell Estuaries × × The Broads × Thorne & Hatfield Moors × Thorne Moor × Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits × × Waveney & Little Ouse Valley Fens × Wicken Fen × Winterton-Horsey Dunes × Woodwalton Fen × p = possible European site, meets qualification criteria but not formally designated.

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4.3 Regional Strategy

4.3.1 East of England

The East of England Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) is being considered for revocation following the introduction of the Localism Act 2011. The Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG, 2012) have undertaken a SEA of the plan to revoke the RSS. By revoking the RSS there will be significant negative environmental effects in relation to water resources arising from cumulative development associated with policies for housing and employment provision. ”The Government notes this effect and that it is similar to that for retention. It agrees that the measures presented to mitigate the effects, which concern statutory actions by water companies (such as requirements under Section 37A of the Water Industry Act 1991 to prepare and maintain water resource management plans), the Environment Agency and local authorities (under the duty to co-operate) will be effective in the sustainable water resource management for the region” (DCLG, 2012).

4.3.2 North East of England

The North East of England Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) is also being considered for revocation following the introduction of the Localism Act 2011. The Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG, 2012) have undertaken a SEA of the plan to revoke the RSS. If the plan is revoked it could lead to an adverse change in the number of additional homes delivered within the region or alter the pattern of development. The intent of the policies however is not likely to be affected as these will be delivered by other policies and legislation. “The Environment Agency will continue to work with OFWAT, the water companies and other partners including the local authorities through River Basin Management Planning and CAMS to ensure the timely provision of the appropriate additional infrastructure for water supply to cater for the levels of development in the area in line with their water resource plans required under the Water Resources Management Plan Regulations” (DCLG, 2012). Furthermore “in planning for water provision as part of new development, there is likely to be greater reliance on Water Resource Management Plans and co-operation between interested parties” (DCLG, 2012).

4.4 Local Plans & Local Development Frameworks

A total of 64 Local Planning Authorities (LPAs) are located within 10km of the Anglian Water region (Table 4.3). Of these LPAs a total of 57 have subjected their Local Plans or Local Development Frameworks (LDFs) to a HRA and these documents are available in the public domain for review.

Table 4.3: Local Planning Authority Local Plan/Local Development Framework HRAs Local Planning Authority HRA available for review Aylesbury Vale District No (withdrawn) Chiltern District Yes Wycombe District Yes Cambridge District No (in preparation) East Cambridgeshire District Yes Fenland District Yes Huntingdonshire District Yes South Cambridgeshire District Yes

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Local Planning Authority HRA available for review Bolsover District No (in preparation) Braintree District Yes Chelmsford District Yes Colchester District Yes Maldon District Yes Tendring District Yes Dacorum District Yes North Hertfordshire District Yes St. Albans District Yes Harborough District Yes Melton District Yes Boston District No (in preparation) East Lindsey District No (in preparation) South Holland District Yes South Kesteven District Yes West Lindsey District Yes Breckland District Yes Broadland District Yes Great Yarmouth District Yes King's Lynn and West Norfolk District Yes North Norfolk District Yes Norwich District Yes South Norfolk District Yes Corby District Yes East Northamptonshire District Yes Bassetlaw District Yes Mansfield District Yes Newark and Sherwood District Yes Babergh District Yes Forest Heath District Yes Ipswich District Yes Mid Suffolk District Yes St. Edmundsbury District Yes Suffolk Coastal District Yes Waveney District Yes Doncaster District Yes Central Bedfordshire No (withdrawn) City of Kingston upon Hull Yes City of Peterborough Yes County Durham Yes East Riding of Yorkshire Yes Hartlepool Yes Luton No (withdrawn)

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Local Planning Authority HRA available for review Middlesbrough Yes North East Lincolnshire Yes North Lincolnshire Yes Redcar and Cleveland Yes Rutland Yes Stockton-on-Tees Yes Daventry District Yes Kettering District Yes Northampton District Yes South Northamptonshire District Yes Wellingborough District Yes Bedford Yes Milton Keynes Yes The Broads Authority Yes

4.5 Enjoying Water - Strategic Priorities for Water Related Recreation in East of England

The plan ‘Enjoying Water - Strategic Priorities for Water Related Recreation in East of England’ (University of Brighton et al, 2009) outlines a set of clear and concise initiatives that will contribute to the protection and development of water related recreation. The following initiatives could result in likely significant effects if implemented in a European site:  HP1: Improving existing provision;  MP1: The development of ‘Wild Water’ Parks;  MP2: Developing demonstration sites for piloting and testing a range of options; and  MP6: Improved estuary and coastal management.

Initiatives ‘HP4: Best practice in environmentally friendly recreation’ and ‘HP6: Better provision of information to improve understanding and use’ could be used as mitigation but there can be no guarantees that either initiative would be implemented by the majority of users in the long term.

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5 Task 1 Screening for Likely Significant Effects

5.1 Assessment of the List of Scheme Options

5.1.1 EA Review of Consents

The Environment Agency (EA) Review of Consents (RoC) assesses the potential impacts on European sites of existing abstraction licences. The WRMP scheme options that involve abstractions will all be within current abstraction licence limits. However, it is understood that for many of the existing Anglian Water schemes the RoC may only cover the existing actual abstraction rather than the abstraction licence limits. Therefore, WFD assessments were undertaken to determine whether any of the proposed abstraction schemes would cause deterioration.

5.1.2 Screening for Likely Significant Effects

Results from the test of likely significant effects for the preferred schemes are provided in Table 5.1 to Table 5.12. The results from the test of likely significant effects for the other scheme options developed as part of the WRMP process are provided in Appendix B.

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Table 5.1: East Suffolk RZ Preferred Schemes Screening Matrix East Suffolk RZ Site name Stour and Orwell Estuaries Stour and Orwell Estuaries Designation SPA Ramsar Qualifying features  A046a Branta bernicla bernicla; Dark-bellied brent goose (Non-breeding)  Dark-bellied brent goose, Branta bernicla bernicla (Non-breeding)  A054 Anas acuta; Northern pintail (Non-breeding)  Northern pintail, Anas acuta (Non-breeding)  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Breeding)  Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola  A141 Pluvialis squatarola; Grey plover (Non-breeding)  Red knot, Calidris canutus islandica  A143 Calidris canutus; Red knot (Non-breeding)  Dunlin, Calidris alpina alpina  A149 Calidris alpina alpina; Dunlin (Non-breeding)  Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa islandica  A156 Limosa limosa islandica; Black-tailed godwit (Non-breeding)  Common redshank, Tringa totanus totanus  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non-breeding)  Assemblages of international importance  Waterbird assemblage  Noteworthy flora and fauna including seven nationally scarce plants and five British Red Data Book invertebrates Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review:  A048 Tadorna tadorna; Common shelduck (Non-breeding)  A082 Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Non-breeding)  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Non-breeding)  A169 Arenaria interpres; Ruddy turnstone (Non-breeding) Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: -  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely  The populations of the qualifying features  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site Condition assessment Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability There is pressure for increased port development and marine recreation in this area. Marine recreation is being  Non-native fauna addressed within the Estuary Management Plan. Port development is being considered by public inquiry  Erosion Maintenance dredging of the River Stour and River Orwell poses potential threats to the SPA but the activity is being  Industry (unspecified) addressed through the provisions of the Habitats Regulations. The saltmarsh is eroding, partly as a result of natural coastal processes; the beneficial use of dredging’s is taking place to try to combat these processes Potential effects ES3 No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route would cross the River Orwell within the designated site. No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route would cross the River Orwell within the designated site. Ipswich Water Reuse Construction is likely to result in a temporary change in the extent, structure and function of habitats of the qualifying Construction is likely to result in a temporary change in the extent, structure and function of habitats of the qualifying features as well as disturbance. In addition temporary negative effects to water quality in the River Orwell are likely during features as well as disturbance. In addition temporary negative effects to water quality in the River Orwell are likely during construction. Best practice measures will be used to reduce impacts if a change in the proposed pipeline route is not construction. Best practice measures will be used to reduce impacts if a change in the proposed pipeline route is not possible to implement. No Likely Significant Effects are anticipated due to the temporary nature of potential impacts. possible to implement. No Likely Significant Effects are anticipated due to the temporary nature of potential impacts. Potential for reduced river flows as a result of the water transfer as well as reduced water quality resulting from RO Potential for reduced river flows as a result of the water transfer as well as reduced water quality resulting from RO concentrate discharge were evaluated as part of the WFD Assessment. The results of this assessment showed no concentrate discharge were evaluated as part of the WFD Assessment. The results of this assessment showed no deterioration of the Ecological Status and for this reason it is not expected that any potential impacts would affect deterioration of the Ecological Status and for this reason it is not expected that any potential impacts would affect significantly the SPA. No Likely Significant Effects are anticipated. significantly the Ramsar. No Likely Significant Effects are anticipated. ES10 No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route would cross the River Stour and River Brett approximately No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route would cross the River Stour and River Brett approximately South Essex RZ Transfer 5km upstream of the designated site. Changes in water quality resulting from the release of pollutants during construction 5km upstream of the designated site. Changes in water quality resulting from the release of pollutants during construction if they occur are likely to be minimised by the application of construction best practice, and reduced through dispersion if they occur are likely to be minimised by the application of construction best practice, and reduced through dispersion and dispersal over 5km. Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. and dispersal over 5km. Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable.

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Table 5.2: Fenland RZ Preferred Schemes Screening Matrix Fenland RZ Site name Nene Washes Nene Washes Rutland Water Nene Washes Rutland Water Designation SAC SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Qualifying features  S1149. Cobitis taenia; Spined loach  A037 Cygnus columbianus bewickii;  A005 Podiceps cristatus; Great crested  Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus bewickii  Gadwall, Anas strepera strepera Bewick's swan (Non-breeding) grebe (Non-breeding) (Non-breeding)  Northern shoveler, Anas clypeata  A050 Anas penelope; Eurasian wigeon  A036 Cygnus olor; Mute swan (Non-  Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa islandica  Assemblages of international importance (Non-breeding) breeding) (Non-breeding)  A051 Anas strepera; Gadwall (Breeding)  A050 Anas penelope; Eurasian wigeon  Northern pintail, Anas acuta (Non-breeding)  A051 Anas strepera; Gadwall (Non- (Non-breeding) An important assemblage of nationally rare breeding)  A051 Anas strepera; Gadwall (Non- breeding birds. In addition, a wide range of  A052 Anas crecca; Eurasian teal (Non- breeding) raptors occur through the year. The site also breeding)  A052 Anas crecca; Eurasian teal (Non- supports several nationally scarce plants, and breeding) two vulnerable and two rare British Red Data  A054 Anas acuta; Northern pintail (Non- Book invertebrate species breeding)  A056 Anas clypeata; Northern shoveler  A055 Anas querquedula; Garganey (Non-breeding) (Breeding)  A061 Aythya fuligula; Tufted duck (Non-  A056 Anas clypeata; Northern shoveler breeding) (Non-breeding)  A067 Bucephala clangula; Common  A056 Anas clypeata; Northern shoveler goldeneye (Non-breeding) (Breeding)  A070 Mergus merganser; Goosander (Non-  A156a Limosa limosa limosa; Black-tailed breeding) godwit (Breeding)  A125 Fulica atra; Common coot (Non- Additional Qualifying Features Identified by breeding) the 2001 UK SPA Review:  Waterbird assemblage  A119 Porzana porzana; Spotted crake (Breeding)  A151 Philomachus pugnax; Ruff (Non- breeding)  A151 Philomachus pugnax; Ruff (Breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or Subject to natural change, to maintain or Subject to natural change, to maintain or - - restore: restore: restore:  The extent and distribution of qualifying  The extent and distribution of the habitats of  The extent and distribution of the habitats of natural habitats and habitats of qualifying the qualifying features the qualifying features species  The structure and function of the habitats of  The structure and function of the habitats of  The structure and function (including typical the qualifying features the qualifying features species) of qualifying natural habitats and  The supporting processes on which the  The supporting processes on which the habitats of qualifying species habitats of the qualifying features rely habitats of the qualifying features rely  The supporting processes on which  The populations of the qualifying features  The populations of the qualifying features qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely  The distribution of the qualifying features The distribution of the qualifying features within the site within the site  The populations of qualifying species  The distribution of qualifying species within the site Condition assessment Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Site vulnerability Moreton's Leam is a 14th century dyke which The continued international importance of this The SPA is vulnerable to pressures from Vegetation succession; Eutrophication Vegetation succession; Non-native fauna; forms the southern boundary of the Nene site is dependent on the maintenance of a recreation, nutrient inputs, and changes in Recreation disturbance; Urban development Washes SSSI. It is fed by water from the River winter flooding regime and a high but water level. The site is one of the most (unspecified) Nene via a sluice at Stanground in controlled summer water table. The popular tourist attractions in the East Peterborough. During winter the entire washes establishment of a water level management Midlands. Fishing, walking water sports and and Moreton's Leam may take flood-water regime is being addressed through the Nene cycling currently take place and the reservoir from the Nene. Issues of concern relate to Washes Management Strategy Group. A has been zoned to allow this to take place. water quality, turbidity and sediment. The Management Plan was agreed in 1992 and a Management of the site for its SPA interests is WLMP addresses the need to maintain Water Level Management Plan is currently currently compatible with these recreation sufficient flow through the system and has being drafted. Natural England also has uses except in periods of drawdown. A revised been agreed upon by a wide range of parties management agreements with a number of strategy with Anglian Water is intended to with an interest in the Leam. Water is landowners. Wildfowling occurs on all sections address this problem. The reservoir is filled abstracted by gravity only and is primarily for of the Washes but is not considered to cause from the River Nene and the River Welland. In use as 'wet fences' on the Nene Washes SSSI significant disturbance at current levels. Any the past phosphate levels have led to algal and for Bassenhally Pit SSSI. A fishing-lake at proposals for increased wildfowling will be blooms. Although these have currently had

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Fenland RZ Site name Nene Washes Nene Washes Rutland Water Nene Washes Rutland Water Designation SAC SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Whittlesey also abstracts water. Abstraction regulated through the Habitat Regulations little visible effects on the wildfowl, continued from the Nene by Anglia Water for Rutland eutrophication could lead to an algal Water is believed to be under review at dominated system that may reduce the value present, but no formal applications have been of the area for both plant feeding and received although further abstraction has been invertebrate feeding wildfowl. Phosphate the subject of assessment. Water quality is of inputs are being tackled through concern. During the summer, flows in the implementation of the Urban Waste Water Nene are occasionally maintained only Treatment Directive in the Nene catchment through treated sewage effluent, with raised which contributes the major phosphate load to levels of phosphate in particular. Flag Fen the reservoir. If necessary, monitoring will be Sewage Treatment Works at Peterborough introduced to show if the reduction in will be covered by the Urban Waste Water phosphate level is adequate and to investigate Directive, but effluents from other smaller the contribution of agricultural sources to this works should also be kept under strict review. problem.. Increased abstraction in the A case could be submitted to OFWAT and the summer up to the current licensed limit may Water Industries AMP 4 Programme to strip cause further and more extensive periods of phosphates from all relevant sewage works in drawdown which can effect populations of the system. Large-scale mineral extraction, invertebrates on which some species depend, such as present proposals at Bradley Fen, whilst rapid filling can render other food could affect the site by underground seepage, sources unavailable for dabbling ducks. increased turbidity from washings etc. Angling Drawdown may also increase disturbance is widely practised in the Leam and could through recreation uses. These issues will be affect local populations tackled through discussions with Anglian Water and the Environment Agency Potential effects F4 No Likely Significant Effect: Water transfer No Likely Significant Effect: Water transfer No Likely Significant Effect: Water transfer No Likely Significant Effect: Water transfer No Likely Significant Effect: Water transfer Ruthamford North RZ will be within existing consent limits and the will be within existing consent limits and the from Wing which is fed by Rutland Water will will be within existing consent limits and the from Wing which is fed by Rutland Water will Transfer (12 Ml/d) pipeline will be constructed outside of the pipeline will be constructed outside of the be within existing consent limits. Furthermore pipeline will be constructed outside of the be within existing consent limits. Furthermore designated site (c.1 km away), likely designated site (c.1 km away), likely mitigation measures have been carried out designated site (c.1 km away), likely mitigation measures have been carried out significant effects are not reasonably significant effects are not reasonably with the construction of new lagoons to avoid significant effects are not reasonably with the construction of new lagoons to avoid foreseeable. foreseeable. impacts from a further decrease in the foreseeable. impacts from a further decrease in the reservoir water levels due to increased reservoir water levels due to increased abstraction. Likely significant effects are not abstraction. Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. reasonably foreseeable.

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table 5.3: Hunstanton RZ Preferred Schemes Screening Matrix Hunstanton RZ Site name The Wash & North Norfolk Coast The Wash The Wash Designation SAC SPA Ramsar Qualifying features  H1110. Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the  A037 Cygnus columbianus bewickii; Bewick’s swan (Non-breeding)  Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus ostralegus (Non- time; Sub-tidal sandbanks  A040 Anser brachyrhynchus; Pink-footed goose (Non-breeding) breeding)  H1140. Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide;  A046a Branta bernicla bernicla; Dark-bellied brent goose (Non-  Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola (Non-breeding) Intertidal mudflats and sandflats breeding)  Red knot, Calidris canutus islandica (Non-breeding)  H1150. Coastal lagoons  A048 Tadorna tadorna; Common shelduck (Non-breeding)  Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata arquata (Non-breeding)  H1160. Large shallow inlets and bays  A050 Anas penelope; Eurasian wigeon (Non-breeding)  Common redshank, Tringa totanus totanus (Non-breeding)  H1170. Reefs  A051 Anas strepera; Gadwall (Non-breeding)  Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres interpres (Non-breeding)  H1310. Salicornia and other annuals colonising mud and sand;  A054 Anas acuta; Northern pintail (Non-breeding)  Pink-footed goose, Anser brachyrhynchus (Non-breeding) Glasswort and other annuals colonising mud and sand  A065 Melanitta nigra; Black (common) scoter (Non-breeding)  Dark-bellied brent goose, Branta bernicla bernicla (Non-breeding)  H1330. Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae)  A067 Bucephala clangula; Common goldeneye (Non-breeding)  Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna (Non-breeding)  H1420. Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi); Mediterranean saltmarsh scrub  A130 Haematopus ostralegus; Eurasian oystercatcher (Non-  Northern pintail, Anas acuta (Non-breeding) breeding)  S1355. Lutra lutra; Otter  Dunlin, Calidris alpina alpina (Non-breeding)  A141 Pluvialis squatarola; Grey plover (Non-breeding)  S1365. Phoca vitulina; Common seal  Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica lapponica (Non-breeding)  A143 Calidris canutus; Red knot (Non-breeding) Assemblages of international importance; Very extensive saltmarshes,  A144 Calidris alba; Sanderling (Non-breeding) major intertidal banks of sand and mud, shallow water and deep  A149 Calidris alpina alpina; Dunlin (Non-breeding) channels  A156 Limosa limosa islandica; Black-tailed godwit (Non-breeding)  A157 Limosa lapponica; Bar-tailed godwit (Non-breeding)  A160 Numenius arquata; Eurasian curlew (Non-breeding)  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non-breeding)  A169 Arenaria interpres; Ruddy turnstone (Non-breeding)  A193 Sterna hirundo; Common tern (Breeding)  A195 Sterna albifrons; Little tern (Breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review:  A038 Cygnus cygnus; Whooper swan (Non-breeding)  A081 Circus aeruginosus; Eurasian marsh harrier (Breeding)  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Non-breeding)  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Non-breeding)  A140 Pluvialis apricaria; European golden plover (Non-breeding) Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: -  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features of qualifying species  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features  The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species features rely  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and  The populations of the qualifying features habitats of qualifying species rely  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site  The populations of qualifying species  The distribution of qualifying species within the site Condition assessment Favourable Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability The Wash and North Norfolk Coast is one of the most diverse coastal The biological richness of the Wash is largely dependent on the Overfishing systems in Britain. This diversity is largely dependent on physical physical processes that dominate the natural systems and processes that dominate the natural system; consequently the consequently the ecological vulnerability is closely linked to the vulnerability of habitats is linked to changes in the physical physical environment. The intertidal zone is vulnerable to coastal environment. The intertidal zone is being threatened from coastal squeeze as a result of land-claim, coastal defence works, sea-level squeeze as a result of land-claim and coastal defence works as well rise, and storm surges. Intertidal habitats are potentially affected by as sea-level rise and storm-surges. Changes in the sediment budgets changes in sediment budget caused by dredging and coastal also threaten these habitats. At present activities which alter the protection, construction of river training walls and flood defence works. sediment characteristics include dredging and coastal protection The site is also potentially vulnerable to gas exploration. Activities works. Current management is underway to address concerns over affecting sediment budget and anthropogenic causes of coastal declines in shellfisheries. The area supports internationally important squeeze will be addressed through the management scheme being seal populations that are vulnerable to disturbance and disruption of developed jointly for the SAC/SPA on this site. The estuary is fed by

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Hunstanton RZ Site name The Wash & North Norfolk Coast The Wash The Wash Designation SAC SPA Ramsar the marine ecosystem upon which they depend. Such issues should four large rivers which drain a substantial area of Eastern England. be addressed through the Marine Scheme of Management The volume and quality of water entering the Wash is dependent on the use made of these rivers for water abstraction and agricultural, and domestic effluents. Discharge consents and abstraction licenses will be reviewed under the provisions of the Habitats Regulations. There are two Air Weapons Ranges within the site; activities on these ranges are covered by a Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Defence and Department of the Environment, a Declaration of Intent between the Ministry of Defence and Natural England and by Site Management Statements with Natural England. There is a Nature Conservation Management Plan and Management Committee for one of the ranges. These issues have been addressed in the Wash Estuary Management Plan and by Local Environment Agency Plans and will be extended through the Marine Scheme of Management which is now in progress Potential effects H1 No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline will be No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline will be No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline will be Fenland RZ Transfer constructed outside of the designated site (c.4 km away); likely constructed outside of the designated site (c.4 km away); likely constructed outside of the designated site (c.4 km away); likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table 5.4: Norwich and the Broads RZ Preferred Schemes Screening Matrix Norwich and the Broads RZ Site name River Wensum The Broads Broadland Broadland Designation SAC SAC SPA Ramsar Qualifying features  H3260. Water courses of plain to montane levels with the  H3140. Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic  A021 Botaurus stellaris; Great bittern (Breeding)  Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus bewickii (Non- Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation of Chara spp.; Calcium-rich nutrient-poor lakes,  A037 Cygnus columbianus bewickii; Bewick’s swan (Non- breeding) vegetation; Rivers with floating vegetation often dominated lochs and pools breeding)  Eurasian wigeon, Anas penelope (Non-breeding) by water-crowfoot  H3150. Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or  A038 Cygnus cygnus; Whooper swan (Non-breeding)  Gadwall, Anas strepera strepera (Non-breeding)  S1016. Vertigo moulinsiana; Desmoulin`s whorl snail Hydrocharition-type vegetation; Naturally nutrient-rich  A050 Anas penelope; Eurasian wigeon (Non-breeding)  Northern shoveler, Anas clypeata (Non-breeding)  S1092. Austropotamobius pallipes; White-clawed (or lakes or lochs which are often dominated by pondweed Atlantic stream) crayfish  H6410. Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-  A051 Anas strepera; Gadwall (Non-breeding)  Pink-footed goose, Anser brachyrhynchus (Non-breeding)  S1096. Lampetra planeri; Brook lamprey silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae); Purple moor-grass  A056 Anas clypeata; Northern shoveler (Non-breeding)  Greylag goose, Anser anser anser (Non-breeding) meadows  S1163. Cottus gobio; Bullhead  A081 Circus aeruginosus; Eurasian marsh harrier  H7210 Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and  H7140. Transition mires and quaking bogs; Very wet mires (Breeding) species of the Caricion davallianae Calcium-rich fen often identified by an unstable `quaking` surface  A082 Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Non-breeding) dominated by great fen sedge (saw sedge)  H7210. Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and  A151 Philomachus pugnax; Ruff (Non-breeding)  H7230 Alkaline fens Calcium-rich springwater-fed fens species of the Caricion davallianae; Calcium-rich fen  H91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus dominated by great fen sedge (saw sedge)* Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review: excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)  H7230. Alkaline fens; Calcium-rich springwater-fed fens  A021 Botaurus stellaris; Great bittern (Non-breeding)  Alder woodland on floodplains  H91E0. Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus  S1016 Vertigo moulinsiana Desmoulin`s whorl snail excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae);  A040 Anser brachyrhynchus; Pink-footed goose (Non- Alder woodland on floodplains* breeding)  S1355 Lutra lutra Otter  S1016. Vertigo moulinsiana; Desmoulin`s whorl snail  Waterbird assemblage  S1903 Liparis loeselii Fen orchid  S1355. Lutra lutra; Otter  Outstanding assemblages of rare plants and invertebrates including nine British Red Data Book plants and 136  S1903. Liparis loeselii; Fen orchid British Red Data Book invertebrates  S4056. Anisus vorticulus; Little whorlpool ram's-horn snail Conservation Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: - objectives  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying and habitats of qualifying species and habitats of qualifying species features  The structure and function (including typical species) of  The structure and function (including typical species) of  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying features species species  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural qualifying features rely habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely  The populations of the qualifying features  The populations of qualifying species  The populations of qualifying species  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site  The distribution of qualifying species within the site  The distribution of qualifying species within the site Condition Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' assessment Site vulnerability A stepped profile, with alternating fast- and slow-moving The site has suffered from management neglect and natural The site has suffered from management neglect and natural Eutrophication; Water diversion; Recreation disturbance reaches, was imposed on the river with the construction of succession during the 20th century. This is slowly being succession during this century. This is slowly being reversed (unspecified); Drainage/reclamation: (unspecified); Non- water-mills. Habitat diversity has been reduced by the reversed through conservation and other management via conservation and other management works undertaken native fauna modification of the channel form. The input of silt and works undertaken by a number of bodies. Climate change is through a number of bodies. Sea level rise and reduced agricultural chemicals as a result of arable farming practices increasing saline intrusion into the site. The Environment summer flows in the river Bure brought about by abstraction are a concern and the reversion of arable fields to low-input Agency, Broads Authority and Natural England are working are resulting in increasing saline intrusion into the site and grassland should be encouraged. A strategy should be together to make the site more robust to such impacts. The generally drier summer conditions. The Environment devised for silt management in the river and catchment to site also suffers from eutrophication caused by release of Agency, Broads Authority and Natural England are minimise disturbance to the channel and bankside. Further nutrients from the sediment (historically deposited by proceeding with a project, to investigate options to remedy development on the flood plain might alter the flow regime of sewage outfalls) and diffuse water pollution from a variety of this situation. The site also suffers from eutrophication, the river. More detailed studies on groundwater resources sources. All main sewage works in the northern rivers are brought through the build-up of nutrients over a long period, should be carried out so as to determine suitable flow now phosphorus stripping and there is a programme of mud- primarily through sewage outfalls and, to a lesser degree, objectives to ensure that the river's ecology is not threatened pumping to remove the historic nutrient burden from lakes. agriculture. Some of the sewage works are now stripping by water abstraction. This has been completed through the Diffuse Water Pollution (DWP) Plans have been drawn up phosphorus and there is a programme of mud pumping to partnership between Anglian Water, EA and NE. However, a between the Environment Agency and Natural England to remove enriched material from lakes. The region as a whole holistic strategy is needed to identify further mechanisms for identify and address the problems of diffuse water pollution. is a centre for tourism and recreation, however this pressure the control of eutrophication. Any increase in the distribution Pressure from tourism and recreation is now being is now starting to be brought under control by the Broads of Pacifastacus leniusculus within the catchment would considered by the Broads Authority through the Broads Plan. Authority via the Broads Plan. Efficient drainage within much threaten the long term viability of Austropotamobius pallipes. Water Level Management Plans and Environmental of the reclaimed parts of the wetland has reduced the wildlife Populations of Lampetra planeri and Cottus gobio are Stewardship schemes are starting to raise water levels, value. Water Level Management Plans and the ESA scheme dependent on the maintenance of riffle habitats and might revert arable areas back to grass and encourage sensitive are starting to raise water levels, revert arable areas back to also be vulnerable to the introduction of non-native fish management, particularly of the ditches, to address grass and encourage sensitive management, particularly of species. Populations of Vertigo moulinsiana are susceptible problems brought about by drainage in the past. Appropriate the ditches. Flood defence works are carried out in to interference with the emergent bank-side vegetation in standards of flood defence are necessary for the wetland accordance with the Environmental Agency Broads Strategy

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Norwich and the Broads RZ Site name River Wensum The Broads Broadland Broadland Designation SAC SAC SPA Ramsar which they occur and works are currently proceeding under the Environment Agency’s Broadland Flood Alleviation Project and Coastal Protection Strategy Potential effects NB10 No Likely Significant Effect: No Likely Significant Effect: This option would not change No Likely Significant Effect: This option would not change No Likely Significant Effect: This option would not change Norwich Intake to This option is a transfer scheme from the refurbished the overall flows downstream of the Norwich WTW intake as the overall flows downstream of the Norwich WTW intake as the overall flows downstream of the Norwich WTW intake as Existing Bankside downstream intake via a new 8km pipeline to the existing it is designed to compensate for the cessation of abstraction it is designed to compensate for the cessation of abstraction it is designed to compensate for the cessation of abstraction Storage upstream bankside storage. This option would mean that at Norwich Pits. Likely significant effects are not reasonably at Norwich Pits. Likely significant effects are not reasonably at Norwich Pits. Likely significant effects are not reasonably when flows fall below a defined rate at the Costessey Mill foreseeable. foreseeable. foreseeable. gauging station, abstraction would transfer from the upstream to the downstream abstraction point. Therefore no significant changes in flows are expected that could affect the SAC.

During AMP5 comprehensive investigations to assess concerns raised by the Environment Agency relating to the potential links between the River Wensum SAC, groundwater abstractions and the bankside storage pits were undertaken. As a result of these studies an agreement has been reached with the Environment Agency and Natural England that there is sufficient lag in the system to allow use of the storage pits and the groundwater abstraction to support this option.

This includes the results of a study on the possible impacts on qualifying features in the event of an outage at Norwich WTW occurs and the need to use the Norwich Pits intake for a short period of time (up to two days). It was concluded that no significant impacts are expected due to a reduction in water levels under this scenario. For the reasons explained above No Likely Significant effects are expected. NB11 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Likely Significant Effect: It is expected that there will be Likely Significant Effect: It is expected that there will be Likely Significant Effect: It is expected that there will be Norwich Discharge between scheme and the designated site as the discharge loss of flow downstream of Whitlingham STW and upstream loss of flow downstream of Whitlingham STW and upstream loss of flow downstream of Whitlingham STW and upstream Reuse point will be located downstream of the SAC. Likely of the designated site, however it is not possible at the time of the designated site, however it is not possible at the time of the designated site, however it is not possible at the time significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. of writing to quantify this loss. Qualifying natural habitats and of writing to quantify this loss. The habitats of qualifying of writing to quantify this loss. The habitats of qualifying habitats of qualifying species are vulnerable to changes in species are vulnerable to changes in water levels species are vulnerable to changes in water levels water levels

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table 5.5: North Ruthamford RZ Preferred Schemes Screening Matrix North Ruthamford RZ Site name Nene Washes Portholme Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Pits Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar Qualifying features  S1149. Cobitis taenia;  H6510. Lowland hay  A037 Cygnus  A005 Podiceps cristatus;  A021 Botaurus stellaris;  Tundra swan, Cygnus  Gadwall, Anas strepera  Mute swan, Cygnus olor Spined loach meadows (Alopecurus columbianus bewickii; Great crested grebe (Non- Great bittern (Non- columbianus bewickii strepera (Non-breeding) pratensis, Sanguisorba Bewick's swan (Non- breeding) breeding) (Non-breeding)  Northern shoveler, Anas  Gadwall, Anas strepera officinalis) breeding)  A036 Cygnus olor; Mute  A051 Anas strepera;  Black-tailed godwit, clypeata (Non-breeding)  A050 Anas penelope; swan (Non-breeding) Gadwall (Non-breeding) Limosa limosa islandica  Assemblages of  Assemblages of Eurasian wigeon (Non-  A050 Anas penelope;  A140 Pluvialis apricaria; (Non-breeding) international importance international importance breeding) Eurasian wigeon (Non- European golden plover  Northern pintail, Anas  A051 Anas strepera; breeding) (Non-breeding) acuta (Non-breeding) Gadwall (Breeding)  A051 Anas strepera;  Waterbird assemblage An important assemblage of  A051 Anas strepera; Gadwall (Non-breeding) nationally rare breeding Gadwall (Non-breeding)  A052 Anas crecca; birds. In addition, a wide  A052 Anas crecca; Eurasian teal (Non- range of raptors occur Eurasian teal (Non- breeding) through the year. The site breeding) also supports several  A056 Anas clypeata; nationally scarce plants, and  A054 Anas acuta; Northern shoveler (Non- two vulnerable and two rare Northern pintail (Non- breeding) British Red Data Book breeding)  A061 Aythya fuligula; invertebrate species  A055 Anas querquedula; Tufted duck (Non- Garganey (Breeding) breeding)  A056 Anas clypeata;  A067 Bucephala clangula; Northern shoveler (Non- Common goldeneye (Non- breeding) breeding)  A056 Anas clypeata;  A070 Mergus merganser; Northern shoveler Goosander (Non- (Breeding) breeding)  A156a Limosa limosa  A125 Fulica atra; limosa; Black-tailed godwit Common coot (Non- (Breeding) breeding) Additional Qualifying  Waterbird assemblage Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review:  A119 Porzana porzana; Spotted crake (Breeding)  A151 Philomachus pugnax; Ruff (Non- breeding)  A151 Philomachus pugnax; Ruff (Breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Conservation Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to - - - objectives maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural of qualifying natural of the habitats of the of the habitats of the of the habitats of the habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of qualifying features qualifying features qualifying features qualifying species qualifying species  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function of the habitats of the of the habitats of the of the habitats of the (including typical species) (including typical species) qualifying features qualifying features qualifying features of qualifying natural of qualifying natural  The supporting processes  The supporting processes  The supporting processes habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of on which the habitats of on which the habitats of on which the habitats of qualifying species qualifying species the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely  The supporting processes  The supporting processes  The populations of the  The populations of the  The populations of the on which qualifying natural on which qualifying natural qualifying features qualifying features qualifying features habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely qualifying species rely  The distribution of the  The distribution of the  The distribution of the qualifying features within qualifying features within qualifying features within

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

North Ruthamford RZ Site name Nene Washes Portholme Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Pits Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar  The populations of  The populations of the site the site the site qualifying species qualifying species  The distribution of  The distribution of qualifying species within qualifying species within the site the site Condition Majority in 'Unfavourable Unfavourable Recovering Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Favourable' assessment Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Site vulnerability Moreton's Leam is a 14th The site is a large area of The continued international The SPA is vulnerable to The threat from potential Vegetation succession; Vegetation succession; Non- Unspecified development: century dyke which forms alluvial flood meadow which importance of this site is pressures from recreation, development pressures in Eutrophication native fauna; Recreation urban use; Vegetation the southern boundary of the has had a long history of dependent on the nutrient inputs, and changes the urban fringe area is disturbance; Urban succession; Introduction / Nene Washes SSSI. It is fed favourable management maintenance of a winter in water level. The site is largely addressed by the development (unspecified) invasion of non-native plant by water from the River and, therefore, demonstrates flooding regime and a high one of the most popular relevant provisions of the species; Recreation / Nene via a sluice at good conservation of but controlled summer water tourist attractions in the East Conservation of Habitats & tourism disturbance Stanground in Peterborough. structure and function. table. The establishment of a Midlands. Fishing, walking Species Regulations 2010. During winter the entire Traditionally the site is cut water level management water sports and cycling Issues such as arresting (or washes and Moreton's Leam for hay followed by aftermath regime is being addressed currently take place and the locally reversing) vegetation may take flood-water from grazing in late summer and through the Nene Washes reservoir has been zoned to succession will be the Nene. Issues of concern autumn. Part of the site is Management Strategy allow this to take place. addressed via management relate to water quality, subject to a Countryside Group. A Management Plan Management of the site for plans. The main threat to the turbidity and sediment. The Stewardship agreement was agreed in 1992 and a its SPA interests is currently site it that of human WLMP addresses the need aimed at maintaining the Water Level Management compatible with these recreational pressure. The to maintain sufficient flow alluvial flood meadow. The Plan is currently being recreation uses except in intensity and location of through the system and has Environment Agency has drafted. Natural England periods of drawdown. A recreational activities taking been agreed upon by a wide produced a Water Level also has management revised strategy with Anglian place just prior to SSSI range of parties with an Management plan which agreements with a number Water is intended to address notification on 24 November interest in the Leam. Water aims to maintain the current of landowners. Wildfowling this problem. The reservoir 2005 was considered is abstracted by gravity only water level management occurs on all sections of the is filled from the River Nene compatible with maintaining and is primarily for use as regime in the long-term and Washes but is not and the River Welland. In favourable population levels. 'wet fences' on the Nene recommends improvements considered to cause the past phosphate levels This is managed through Washes SSSI and for in data collection on water significant disturbance at have led to algal blooms. voluntary agreements Bassenhally Pit SSSI. A levels and flooding current levels. Any proposals Although these have assisted by powers within fishing-lake at Whittlesey frequency. The for increased wildfowling will currently had little visible Wildlife & Countryside Act also abstracts water. recommendations will be be regulated through the effects on the wildfowl, 1981 as amended and The Abstraction from the Nene incorporated in the relevant Habitat Regulations continued eutrophication Conservation of Habitats & by Anglia Water for Rutland Local Environment Agency could lead to an algal Species Regulations 2010. Water is believed to be Plan (due to go to dominated system that may The development of future under review at present, but consultation in 1999) reduce the value of the area recreational opportunities is no formal applications have for both plant feeding and to be addressed through been received although invertebrate feeding valley-wide tourism and further abstraction has been wildfowl. Phosphate inputs recreational strategies to the subject of assessment. are being tackled through provide a coordinated Water quality is of concern. implementation of the Urban approach; including the During the summer, flows in Waste Water Treatment development of access the Nene are occasionally Directive in the Nene management plans for key maintained only through catchment which contributes sites and that appropriate treated sewage effluent, with the major phosphate load to planning policies are raised levels of phosphate in the reservoir. If necessary, incorporated within strategic particular. Flag Fen Sewage monitoring will be introduced planning documents to Treatment Works at to show if the reduction in ensure developments take Peterborough will be phosphate level is adequate account of direct and indirect covered by the Urban Waste and to investigate the recreational disturbance. Water Directive, but effluents contribution of agricultural Natural England intend to from other smaller works sources to this problem. . support and work in should also be kept under Increased abstraction in the partnership with the strict review. A case could summer up to the current following initiatives: The be submitted to OFWAT and licensed limit may cause Wildlife Trust's Nene Valley the Water Industries AMP 4 further and more extensive Vision, RSPB Futurescapes Programme to strip periods of drawdown which and River Nene Regional phosphates from all relevant can effect populations of Park projects sewage works in the system. invertebrates on which some Large-scale mineral species depend, whilst rapid extraction, such as present filling can render other food proposals at Bradley Fen, sources unavailable for could affect the site by dabbling ducks. Drawdown

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

North Ruthamford RZ Site name Nene Washes Portholme Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Pits Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar underground seepage, may also increase increased turbidity from disturbance through washings etc. Angling is recreation uses. These widely practised in the Leam issues will be tackled and could affect local through discussions with populations Anglian Water and the Environment Agency Potential effects RHFA15 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Saltersford Reduction Effect: Reduction of Effect: Reduction of Effect: Reduction of Effect: Reduction of Effect: Reduction of Effect: Reduction of Effect: Reduction of Effect: Reduction of Ruthamford North RZ raw Ruthamford North RZ raw Ruthamford North RZ raw Ruthamford North RZ raw Ruthamford North RZ raw Ruthamford North RZ raw Ruthamford North RZ raw Ruthamford North RZ raw water export. Likely water export. Likely water export. Likely water export. Likely water export. Likely water export. Likely water export. Likely water export. Likely significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. reasonably foreseeable. reasonably foreseeable. reasonably foreseeable. reasonably foreseeable. reasonably foreseeable. reasonably foreseeable. reasonably foreseeable.

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table 5.6: South Ruthamford RZ Preferred Schemes Screening Matrix South Ruthamford RZ Site name Nene Washes Portholme Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Pits Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar Qualifying features  S1149. Cobitis taenia;  H6510. Lowland hay  A037 Cygnus  A005 Podiceps cristatus;  A021 Botaurus stellaris;  Tundra swan, Cygnus  Gadwall, Anas strepera  Mute swan, Cygnus olor Spined loach meadows (Alopecurus columbianus bewickii; Great crested grebe (Non- Great bittern (Non- columbianus bewickii strepera (Non-breeding) pratensis, Sanguisorba Bewick's swan (Non- breeding) breeding) (Non-breeding)  Northern shoveler, Anas  Gadwall, Anas strepera officinalis) breeding)  A036 Cygnus olor; Mute  A051 Anas strepera;  Black-tailed godwit, clypeata (Non-breeding)  A050 Anas penelope; swan (Non-breeding) Gadwall (Non-breeding) Limosa limosa islandica  Assemblages of  Assemblages of Eurasian wigeon (Non-  A050 Anas penelope;  A140 Pluvialis apricaria; (Non-breeding) international importance international importance breeding) Eurasian wigeon (Non- European golden plover  Northern pintail, Anas  A051 Anas strepera; breeding) (Non-breeding) acuta (Non-breeding) Gadwall (Breeding)  A051 Anas strepera;  Waterbird assemblage An important assemblage of  A051 Anas strepera; Gadwall (Non-breeding) nationally rare breeding Gadwall (Non-breeding)  A052 Anas crecca; birds. In addition, a wide  A052 Anas crecca; Eurasian teal (Non- range of raptors occur Eurasian teal (Non- breeding) through the year. The site breeding) also supports several  A056 Anas clypeata; nationally scarce plants, and  A054 Anas acuta; Northern shoveler (Non- two vulnerable and two rare Northern pintail (Non- breeding) British Red Data Book breeding)  A061 Aythya fuligula; invertebrate species  A055 Anas querquedula; Tufted duck (Non- Garganey (Breeding) breeding)  A056 Anas clypeata;  A067 Bucephala clangula; Northern shoveler (Non- Common goldeneye (Non- breeding) breeding)  A056 Anas clypeata;  A070 Mergus merganser; Northern shoveler Goosander (Non- (Breeding) breeding)  A156a Limosa limosa  A125 Fulica atra; limosa; Black-tailed godwit Common coot (Non- (Breeding) breeding) Additional Qualifying  Waterbird assemblage Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review:  A119 Porzana porzana; Spotted crake (Breeding)  A151 Philomachus pugnax; Ruff (Non- breeding)  A151 Philomachus pugnax; Ruff (Breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Conservation Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to - - - objectives maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural of qualifying natural of the habitats of the of the habitats of the of the habitats of the habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of qualifying features qualifying features qualifying features qualifying species qualifying species  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function of the habitats of the of the habitats of the of the habitats of the (including typical species) (including typical species) qualifying features qualifying features qualifying features of qualifying natural of qualifying natural  The supporting processes  The supporting processes  The supporting processes habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of on which the habitats of on which the habitats of on which the habitats of qualifying species qualifying species the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely  The supporting processes  The supporting processes  The populations of the  The populations of the  The populations of the on which qualifying natural on which qualifying natural qualifying features qualifying features qualifying features habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely qualifying species rely  The distribution of the  The distribution of the  The distribution of the qualifying features within qualifying features within qualifying features within  The populations of  The populations of the site the site the site qualifying species qualifying species  The distribution of  The distribution of

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

South Ruthamford RZ Site name Nene Washes Portholme Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Pits Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar qualifying species within qualifying species within the site the site Condition Majority in 'Unfavourable Unfavourable Recovering Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Favourable' assessment Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Site vulnerability Moreton's Leam is a 14th The site is a large area of The continued international The SPA is vulnerable to The threat from potential Vegetation succession; Vegetation succession; Non- Unspecified development: century dyke which forms alluvial flood meadow which importance of this site is pressures from recreation, development pressures in Eutrophication native fauna; Recreation urban use; Vegetation the southern boundary of the has had a long history of dependent on the nutrient inputs, and changes the urban fringe area is disturbance; Urban succession; Introduction / Nene Washes SSSI. It is fed favourable management maintenance of a winter in water level. The site is largely addressed by the development (unspecified) invasion of non-native plant by water from the River and, therefore, demonstrates flooding regime and a high one of the most popular relevant provisions of the species; Recreation / Nene via a sluice at good conservation of but controlled summer water tourist attractions in the East Conservation of Habitats & tourism disturbance Stanground in Peterborough. structure and function. table. The establishment of a Midlands. Fishing, walking Species Regulations 2010. During winter the entire Traditionally the site is cut water level management water sports and cycling Issues such as arresting (or washes and Moreton's Leam for hay followed by aftermath regime is being addressed currently take place and the locally reversing) vegetation may take flood-water from grazing in late summer and through the Nene Washes reservoir has been zoned to succession will be the Nene. Issues of concern autumn. Part of the site is Management Strategy allow this to take place. addressed via management relate to water quality, subject to a Countryside Group. A Management Plan Management of the site for plans. The main threat to the turbidity and sediment. The Stewardship agreement was agreed in 1992 and a its SPA interests is currently site it that of human WLMP addresses the need aimed at maintaining the Water Level Management compatible with these recreational pressure. The to maintain sufficient flow alluvial flood meadow. The Plan is currently being recreation uses except in intensity and location of through the system and has Environment Agency has drafted. Natural England periods of drawdown. A recreational activities taking been agreed upon by a wide produced a Water Level also has management revised strategy with Anglian place just prior to SSSI range of parties with an Management plan which agreements with a number Water is intended to address notification on 24 November interest in the Leam. Water aims to maintain the current of landowners. Wildfowling this problem. The reservoir 2005 was considered is abstracted by gravity only water level management occurs on all sections of the is filled from the River Nene compatible with maintaining and is primarily for use as regime in the long-term and Washes but is not and the River Welland. In favourable population levels. 'wet fences' on the Nene recommends improvements considered to cause the past phosphate levels This is managed through Washes SSSI and for in data collection on water significant disturbance at have led to algal blooms. voluntary agreements Bassenhally Pit SSSI. A levels and flooding current levels. Any proposals Although these have assisted by powers within fishing-lake at Whittlesey frequency. The for increased wildfowling will currently had little visible Wildlife & Countryside Act also abstracts water. recommendations will be be regulated through the effects on the wildfowl, 1981 as amended and The Abstraction from the Nene incorporated in the relevant Habitat Regulations continued eutrophication Conservation of Habitats & by Anglia Water for Rutland Local Environment Agency could lead to an algal Species Regulations 2010. Water is believed to be Plan (due to go to dominated system that may The development of future under review at present, but consultation in 1999) reduce the value of the area recreational opportunities is no formal applications have for both plant feeding and to be addressed through been received although invertebrate feeding valley-wide tourism and further abstraction has been wildfowl. Phosphate inputs recreational strategies to the subject of assessment. are being tackled through provide a coordinated Water quality is of concern. implementation of the Urban approach; including the During the summer, flows in Waste Water Treatment development of access the Nene are occasionally Directive in the Nene management plans for key maintained only through catchment which contributes sites and that appropriate treated sewage effluent, with the major phosphate load to planning policies are raised levels of phosphate in the reservoir. If necessary, incorporated within strategic particular. Flag Fen Sewage monitoring will be introduced planning documents to Treatment Works at to show if the reduction in ensure developments take Peterborough will be phosphate level is adequate account of direct and indirect covered by the Urban Waste and to investigate the recreational disturbance. Water Directive, but effluents contribution of agricultural Natural England intend to from other smaller works sources to this problem. . support and work in should also be kept under Increased abstraction in the partnership with the strict review. A case could summer up to the current following initiatives: The be submitted to OFWAT and licensed limit may cause Wildlife Trust's Nene Valley the Water Industries AMP 4 further and more extensive Vision, RSPB Futurescapes Programme to strip periods of drawdown which and River Nene Regional phosphates from all relevant can effect populations of Park projects sewage works in the system. invertebrates on which some Large-scale mineral species depend, whilst rapid extraction, such as present filling can render other food proposals at Bradley Fen, sources unavailable for could affect the site by dabbling ducks. Drawdown underground seepage, may also increase increased turbidity from disturbance through washings etc. Angling is recreation uses. These widely practised in the Leam issues will be tackled

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

South Ruthamford RZ Site name Nene Washes Portholme Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Pits Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar and could affect local through discussions with populations Anglian Water and the Environment Agency Potential effects RHFA1 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Likely significant effect: No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Likely significant effect: Ruthamford North RZ Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway The proposed pipeline route Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway The proposed pipeline route Transfer 1 identified between scheme identified between scheme identified between scheme identified between scheme would not be within 500m of identified between scheme identified between scheme would not be within 500m of and the designated site. and the designated site. and the designated site. and the designated site. the designated site but and the designated site. and the designated site. the designated site but Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are would be in close proximity Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are would be in close proximity not reasonably foreseeable. not reasonably foreseeable. not reasonably foreseeable. not reasonably foreseeable. to habitat likely to support not reasonably foreseeable. not reasonably foreseeable. to habitat likely to support qualifying features qualifying features associated with the associated with the designated site. The designated site. The proposed pipeline also proposed pipeline also crosses the River Nene crosses the River Nene between sections of the between sections of the designated site. Disturbance designated site. Disturbance to qualifying features and to qualifying features and changes to water quality changes to water quality during the river crossings during the river crossings construction is likely to affect construction is likely to affect the distribution of the the distribution of the qualifying features which are qualifying features which are vulnerable to existing vulnerable to existing disturbance. disturbance. RHFA11 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Re-commission Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway Ruthamford South RZ identified between scheme identified between scheme identified between scheme identified between scheme identified between scheme identified between scheme identified between scheme identified between scheme reservoir and the designated site. and the designated site. and the designated site. and the designated site. and the designated site. and the designated site. and the designated site. and the designated site. Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. not reasonably foreseeable. not reasonably foreseeable. not reasonably foreseeable. not reasonably foreseeable. not reasonably foreseeable. not reasonably foreseeable. not reasonably foreseeable.

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table 5.7: South Essex RZ Preferred Schemes Screening Matrix South Essex RZ Site name Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Stour and Orwell Estuaries Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Stour and Orwell Estuaries Designation SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Qualifying features  A046a Branta bernicla bernicla; Dark-bellied brent  A046a Branta bernicla bernicla; Dark-bellied brent  Dark-bellied brent goose, Branta bernicla (Non-  Dark-bellied brent goose, Branta bernicla bernicla goose (Non-breeding) goose (Non-breeding) breeding) (Non-breeding)  A059 Aythya ferina; Common pochard (Breeding)  A054 Anas acuta; Northern pintail (Non-breeding)  Common redshank, Tringa totanus totanus (Non-  Northern pintail, Anas acuta (Non-breeding);  A082 Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Non-breeding)  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Breeding) breeding)  Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Breeding)  A141 Pluvialis squatarola; Grey plover (Non-  Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa islandica (Non-  Red knot, Calidris canutus islandica breeding)  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non- breeding)  Dunlin, Calidris alpina alpina breeding)  A143 Calidris canutus; Red knot (Non-breeding) Extent and diversity of saltmarsh; 12 species of nationally scarce plants and at least 38 British Red  Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa islandica  A195 Sterna albifrons; Little tern (Breeding)  A149 Calidris alpina alpina; Dunlin (Non-breeding) Data Book invertebrate species; A full and  Common redshank, Tringa totanus totanus representative sequences of saltmarsh plant  Waterbird assemblage  A156 Limosa limosa islandica; Black-tailed godwit  Assemblages of international importance; Seven communities covering the range of variation in Britain Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 (Non-breeding) nationally scarce plants and five British Red Data UK SPA Review:  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non- Book invertebrates  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Non- breeding) breeding)  Waterbird assemblage  A140 Pluvialis apricaria; European golden plover Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 (Non-breeding) UK SPA Review:  A048 Tadorna tadorna; Common shelduck (Non- breeding)  A082 Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Non-breeding)  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Non- breeding)  A169 Arenaria interpres; Ruddy turnstone (Non- breeding) Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: - -  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features qualifying features  The structure and function of the habitats of the  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features qualifying features  The supporting processes on which the habitats of  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely  The populations of the qualifying features  The populations of the qualifying features  The distribution of the qualifying features within the  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site site Condition assessment Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability The Colne Estuary encompasses a diversity of soft There is pressure for increased port development and Eutrophication; Pollution – agriculture; Military Non-native fauna; Erosion; Industry (unspecified) coastal habitats, dependent upon natural coastal marine recreation in this area. Marine recreation is activities; Persistent drought; Pollution – fertilisers; processes. The vulnerability of these habitats is linked being addressed within the Estuary Management Plan. Erosion; Pollution – sewage; Overgrazing (livestock); to changes in the physical environment: the intertidal Port development is being considered by public inquiry. Cutting/clearing of vegetation; Reservoir/dam flow zone is threatened by coastal squeeze and changes to Maintenance dredging of the River Stour and River regime the sediment budget, especially up drift of the site. Orwell poses potential threats to the SPA but the Limited beach feeding is under way to alleviate the activity is being addressed through the provisions of sediment problem. The site is vulnerable to recreational the Habitats Regulations. The saltmarsh is eroding, pressures which can lead to habitat damage (salt partly as a result of natural coastal processes; the marsh and sand dunes) and to disturbance of feeding beneficial use of dredging’s is taking place to try to and roosting waterfowl. Pressures for increased use combat these processes and development of recreational facilities are being addressed through the planning system and under the provisions of the Habitat Regulations. Jet- and water- skiing are largely contained by the Harbour Authorities. Most grazing marshes are managed under ESA/ Countryside Stewardship Agreements, but low water levels are of great concern, and low freshwater flows into the estuary, may be affecting bird numbers and/or distribution. This is being addressed through reviews of consents under the Habitats Regulations. Unregulated

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

South Essex RZ Site name Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Stour and Orwell Estuaries Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Stour and Orwell Estuaries Designation SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar samphire harvesting is being addressed by notifying all pickers of the legal implications of uprooting plants without the consent of landowners. To secure protection of the site, an Estuarine Management Plan is in preparation, which will work alongside the Essex SMP and the emerging Marine Scheme of Management. The Environment Agency's Local Plan aims to reduce the nutrient enrichment arising from sewage and fertiliser run-off Potential effects SE4 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Amendment to Ardleigh Agreement between scheme and the designated site. Likely between scheme and the designated site. Likely between scheme and the designated site. Likely between scheme and the designated site. Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable.

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Table 5.8: Cheveley RZ Preferred Schemes Screening Matrix Cheveley RZ Site name Breckland Breckland Designation SPA SAC Qualifying features  A133 Burhinus oedicnemus; Stone-curlew (Breeding)  2330 Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands  A224 Caprimulgus europaeus; European nightjar (Breeding)  3150 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition - type vegetation  A246 Lullula arborea; Woodlark (Breeding)  4030 European dry heaths  6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites)  91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)  1166 Great crested newt Triturus cristatus Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features  The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely species  The populations of the qualifying features  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site  The populations of the qualifying features  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site Condition assessment Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability Stone–curlew are largely reliant on arable land for nesting and are thus vulnerable to disturbance and nest Grazing by sheep/cattle is essential to the maintenance of habitats. Problems include nutrient deposition from the destruction from agricultural operations. A recovery project operates to find nests, advise landowners on their atmosphere and adjacent arable land, invasion by self-sown trees/shrubs, and uncontrolled and inappropriate operations which might affect stone-curlews, and to ring chicks. Management agreements are in place to provide recreational activities. In recent decades, scrub and woodland have spread at the expense of the heathland and nest plots and thus safeguard the population. Agreements have been extended to cover the coming two breeding chalk grassland vegetation due to the cessation of traditional cutting and grazing management. Management seasons, after which it is hoped that Higher Level Scheme agreements will be in place. Stone-curlew, nightjar and agreements and particularly Environmentally Sensitive Area payments go part of the way towards re-introducing woodlark are vulnerable to predation from corvids and foxes and to disturbance caused by human activity, this largely uneconomic traditional management, and controlling the scrub. Strong populations of rabbits are including dog-walking. In 2005, new public access was introduced on heaths by legislation. Safeguards to protect important in maintaining the Breckland swards. Local ground water abstraction has a deleterious impact on the stone-curlew have been included but the situation will require monitoring to determine how successful restrictions natural eutrophic lakes, the Breckland meres, and is the subject of active liaison between Natural England and the have been in preventing additional disturbance. Breckland heathlands and acid grasslands supporting stone- Environment Agency curlew, nightjar and woodlark are fragile in terms of the high background levels of air pollution in the area, particularly high nitrogen loads causing undesirable habitat changes. Research on this topic is on-going, and measures to export the nutrients off heaths (such as night time sheep folding or topsoil stripping) to counter the effects of pollution are potential management options. There are development pressures on the area, particularly for infrastructure, which requires substantial discussion and mitigation in some cases. This is achieved through Natural England commenting on planning applications and providing input to structural and local plans. Woodlark and nightjar benefit from clear-fell forestry rotational management. The appropriate management is currently taking place in the forests. Collecting of eggs of stone-curlew, and to some extent nightjar and woodlark, is believed to be a serious threat to individual birds and to population size. The loss of eggs to this illegal activity is not known. There is a police-based alert system in place in Breckland to try and reduce this type of crime, and landowners are vigilant Potential effects CVY1 No Likely significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route is approximately 8km from the designated site. No Likely significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route is approximately 8km from the designated site. Newmarket RZ Transfer Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable.

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Table 5.9: Newmarket RZ Preferred Schemes Screening Matrix Newmarket RZ Site name Breckland Breckland Designation SPA SAC Qualifying features  A133 Burhinus oedicnemus; Stone-curlew (Breeding)  2330 Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands  A224 Caprimulgus europaeus; European nightjar (Breeding)  3150 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition - type vegetation  A246 Lullula arborea; Woodlark (Breeding)  4030 European dry heaths  6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites)  91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)  1166 Great crested newt Triturus cristatus Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features  The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely species  The populations of the qualifying features  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site  The populations of the qualifying features  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site Condition assessment Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability Stone–curlew are largely reliant on arable land for nesting and are thus vulnerable to disturbance and nest Grazing by sheep/cattle is essential to the maintenance of habitats. Problems include nutrient deposition from the destruction from agricultural operations. A recovery project operates to find nests, advise landowners on their atmosphere and adjacent arable land, invasion by self-sown trees/shrubs, and uncontrolled and inappropriate operations which might affect stone-curlews, and to ring chicks. Management agreements are in place to provide recreational activities. In recent decades, scrub and woodland have spread at the expense of the heathland and nest plots and thus safeguard the population. Agreements have been extended to cover the coming two breeding chalk grassland vegetation due to the cessation of traditional cutting and grazing management. Management seasons, after which it is hoped that Higher Level Scheme agreements will be in place. Stone-curlew, nightjar and agreements and particularly Environmentally Sensitive Area payments go part of the way towards re-introducing woodlark are vulnerable to predation from corvids and foxes and to disturbance caused by human activity, this largely uneconomic traditional management, and controlling the scrub. Strong populations of rabbits are including dog-walking. In 2005, new public access was introduced on heaths by legislation. Safeguards to protect important in maintaining the Breckland swards. Local ground water abstraction has a deleterious impact on the stone-curlew have been included but the situation will require monitoring to determine how successful restrictions natural eutrophic lakes, the Breckland meres, and is the subject of active liaison between Natural England and the have been in preventing additional disturbance. Breckland heathlands and acid grasslands supporting stone- Environment Agency curlew, nightjar and woodlark are fragile in terms of the high background levels of air pollution in the area, particularly high nitrogen loads causing undesirable habitat changes. Research on this topic is on-going, and measures to export the nutrients off heaths (such as night time sheep folding or topsoil stripping) to counter the effects of pollution are potential management options. There are development pressures on the area, particularly for infrastructure, which requires substantial discussion and mitigation in some cases. This is achieved through Natural England commenting on planning applications and providing input to structural and local plans. Woodlark and nightjar benefit from clear-fell forestry rotational management. The appropriate management is currently taking place in the forests. Collecting of eggs of stone-curlew, and to some extent nightjar and woodlark, is believed to be a serious threat to individual birds and to population size. The loss of eggs to this illegal activity is not known. There is a police-based alert system in place in Breckland to try and reduce this type of crime, and landowners are vigilant Potential effects NWM2 No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route would cross a tributary of the River Lark approximately No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route would cross a tributary of the River Lark approximately West Suffolk RZ Transfer 6km upstream of the designated site. Changes in water quality resulting from the release of pollutants during 6km upstream of the designated site. Changes in water quality resulting from the release of pollutants during construction, if they occur, are likely to be minimised by the application of construction best practice, and reduced construction, if they occur, are likely to be minimised by the application of construction best practice, and reduced through dispersion and dispersal over 6km. Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. through dispersion and dispersal over 6km. Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable.

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Table 5.10: West Suffolk RZ Preferred Schemes Screening Matrix West Suffolk RZ Site name Breckland Stour and Orwell Estuaries Breckland Stour and Orwell Estuaries Designation SPA SPA SAC Ramsar Qualifying features  A133 Burhinus oedicnemus; Stone-curlew (Breeding)  A046a Branta bernicla bernicla; Dark-bellied brent  2330 Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and  Dark-bellied brent goose, Branta bernicla bernicla  A224 Caprimulgus europaeus; European nightjar goose (Non-breeding) Agrostis grasslands (Non-breeding) (Breeding)  A054 Anas acuta; Northern pintail (Non-breeding)  3150 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or  Northern pintail, Anas acuta (Non-breeding)  A246 Lullula arborea; Woodlark (Breeding)  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Breeding) Hydrocharition - type vegetation  Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola  A141 Pluvialis squatarola; Grey plover (Non-  4030 European dry heaths  Red knot, Calidris canutus islandica breeding)  6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland  Dunlin, Calidris alpina alpina  A143 Calidris canutus; Red knot (Non-breeding) facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco- Brometalia) (* important orchid sites)  Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa islandica  A149 Calidris alpina alpina; Dunlin (Non-breeding)  91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and  Common redshank, Tringa totanus totanus  A156 Limosa limosa islandica; Black-tailed godwit Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae,  Assemblages of international importance; Seven (Non-breeding) Salicion albae) nationally scarce plants and five British Red Data  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non-  1166 Great crested newt Triturus cristatus Book invertebrates breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review:  A048 Tadorna tadorna; Common shelduck (Non- breeding)  A082 Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Non-breeding)  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Non- breeding)  A169 Arenaria interpres; Ruddy turnstone (Non- breeding) Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: -  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural qualifying features qualifying features habitats and habitats of qualifying species  The structure and function of the habitats of the  The structure and function of the habitats of the  The structure and function (including typical species) qualifying features qualifying features of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of  The supporting processes on which the habitats of  The supporting processes on which the habitats of qualifying species the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural  The populations of the qualifying features  The populations of the qualifying features habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely  The distribution of the qualifying features within the  The distribution of the qualifying features within the  The populations of the qualifying features site site  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site Condition assessment Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability Stone–curlew are largely reliant on arable land for There is pressure for increased port development and Grazing by sheep/cattle is essential to the maintenance Non-native fauna; Erosion; Industry (unspecified) nesting and are thus vulnerable to disturbance and marine recreation in this area. Marine recreation is of habitats. Problems include nutrient deposition from nest destruction from agricultural operations. A being addressed within the Estuary Management Plan. the atmosphere and adjacent arable land, invasion by recovery project operates to find nests, advise Port development is being considered by public inquiry. self-sown trees/shrubs, and uncontrolled and landowners on their operations which might affect Maintenance dredging of the River Stour and River inappropriate recreational activities. In recent decades, stone-curlews, and to ring chicks. Management Orwell poses potential threats to the SPA but the scrub and woodland have spread at the expense of the agreements are in place to provide nest plots and thus activity is being addressed through the provisions of heathland and chalk grassland vegetation due to the safeguard the population. Agreements have been the Habitats Regulations. The saltmarsh is eroding, cessation of traditional cutting and grazing extended to cover the coming two breeding seasons, partly as a result of natural coastal processes; the management. Management agreements and after which it is hoped that Higher Level Scheme beneficial use of dredging’s is taking place to try to particularly Environmentally Sensitive Area payments agreements will be in place. Stone-curlew, nightjar and combat these processes go part of the way towards re-introducing this largely woodlark are vulnerable to predation from corvids and uneconomic traditional management, and controlling foxes and to disturbance caused by human activity, the scrub. Strong populations of rabbits are important including dog-walking. In 2005, new public access was in maintaining the Breckland swards. Local ground introduced on heaths by legislation. Safeguards to water abstraction has a deleterious impact on the protect stone-curlew have been included but the natural eutrophic lakes, the Breckland meres, and is situation will require monitoring to determine how the subject of active liaison between Natural England successful restrictions have been in preventing and the Environment Agency additional disturbance. Breckland heathlands and acid grasslands supporting stone-curlew, nightjar and woodlark are fragile in terms of the high background levels of air pollution in the area, particularly high nitrogen loads causing undesirable habitat changes.

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Table 5.11: Ely RZ Preferred Schemes Screening Matrix Ely RZ Site name Fenland Fenland Designation SAC Ramsar Qualifying features  H6410. Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae); Purple moor-  A spring-fed calcareous basin mire with a long history of management, which is partly reflected in the diversity grass meadows of present-day vegetation;  H7210. Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae; Calcium-rich fen  The invertebrate fauna is very rich, partly due to its transitional position between Fenland and Breckland. The dominated by great fen sedge (saw sedge)* species list is very long, including many rare and scarce invertebrates characteristic of ancient fenland sites in  S1149. Cobitis taenia; Spined loach Britain;  S1166. Triturus cristatus; Great crested newt  The site supports diverse vegetation types, rare and scarce plants. The site is the stronghold of Cambridge milk parsley Selinum carvifolia. Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: -  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species;  The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species;  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely;  The populations of qualifying species;  The distribution of qualifying species within the site. Condition assessment Favourable Favourable Site vulnerability The fenland grasslands are dependent upon traditional management practices of cutting and grazing by livestock. Water diversion for irrigation/domestic/industrial use In recent decades scrub and woodland have spread at the expense of fen vegetation. The three constituent sites are all National Nature Reserves and the site management plans include actions to address this problem. Chippenham Fen NNR has suffered from a changed hydrological regime due to abstraction from the underlying chalk aquifer. This problem is being addressed through supply of supplementary water together with a programme of vegetation and invertebrate population monitoring. This project is being taken forward by Natural England, the Environment Agency and Anglian Water. Woodwalton Fen takes water in the summer months from the surrounding drains. In the winter months the fen is designed to be used as a flood storage area, although this occurs infrequently. In both these circumstances the water entering the Fen is high in nutrients from agricultural run-off. It is intended to undertake research to investigate what effects the flooding may be having on the site's interests. Potential effects E2 No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route passes within 500m of the designated site. Potential No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route passes within 500m of the designated site. Potential Newmarket RZ Transfer changes in ground water flows can be avoided through route design and construction best practice. Impacts on changes in ground water flows can be avoided through route design and construction best practice. Impacts on great crested newts will be avoided through licenced mitigation. Therefore likely significant effects are not great crested newts will be avoided through licenced mitigation. Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. reasonably foreseeable.

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Table 5.12: Central Essex RZ Preferred Schemes Screening Matrix Central Essex RZ Site name Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Designation SPA Ramsar Qualifying features  A046a Branta bernicla bernicla; Dark-bellied brent goose (Non-breeding)  Dark-bellied brent goose, Branta bernicla (Non-breeding)  A059 Aythya ferina; Common pochard (Breeding)  Common redshank, Tringa totanus totanus (Non-breeding)  A082 Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Non-breeding)  Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa islandica (Non-breeding)  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Breeding)  Extent and diversity of saltmarsh; 12 species of nationally scarce plants and at least 38 British Red Data Book  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non-breeding) invertebrate species; A full and representative sequences of saltmarsh plant communities covering the range of variation in Britain  A195 Sterna albifrons; Little tern (Breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review:  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Non-breeding)  A140 Pluvialis apricaria; European golden plover (Non-breeding) Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: -  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely  The populations of the qualifying features  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site Condition assessment Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Site vulnerability The Colne Estuary encompasses a diversity of soft coastal habitats, dependent upon natural coastal processes. Eutrophication; Pollution – agriculture; Military activities; Persistent drought; Pollution – fertilisers; Erosion; The vulnerability of these habitats is linked to changes in the physical environment: the intertidal zone is Pollution – sewage; Overgrazing (livestock); Cutting/clearing of vegetation; Reservoir/dam flow regime threatened by coastal squeeze and changes to the sediment budget, especially up drift of the site. Limited beach feeding is under way to alleviate the sediment problem. The site is vulnerable to recreational pressures which can lead to habitat damage (salt marsh and sand dunes) and to disturbance of feeding and roosting waterfowl. Pressures for increased use and development of recreational facilities are being addressed through the planning system and under the provisions of the Habitat Regulations. Jet- and water-skiing are largely contained by the Harbour Authorities. Most grazing marshes are managed under ESA/ Countryside Stewardship Agreements, but low water levels are of great concern, and low freshwater flows into the estuary, may be affecting bird numbers and/or distribution. This is being addressed through reviews of consents under the Habitats Regulations. Unregulated samphire harvesting is being addressed by notifying all pickers of the legal implications of uprooting plants without the consent of landowners. To secure protection of the site, an Estuarine Management Plan is in preparation, which will work alongside the Essex SMP and the emerging Marine Scheme of Management. The Environment Agency's Local Plan aims to reduce the nutrient enrichment arising from sewage and fertiliser run-off Potential effects CE1 No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route would cross the River Colne at least 19km upstream No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route would cross the River Colne at least 19km upstream South Essex RZ Transfer of the designated site. Changes in water quality resulting from the release of pollutants during construction if they of the designated site. Changes in water quality resulting from the release of pollutants during construction if they occur are likely to be minimised by the application of construction best practice, and reduced through dispersion occur are likely to be minimised by the application of construction best practice, and reduced through dispersion and dispersal over 19km. Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. and dispersal over 19km. Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable.

Note: Appendix B provides the screening assessment of all scheme options

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5.2 Assessment of Cumulative Effects

5.2.1 Regional Strategy

East of England

No likely significant in-combination effects are reasonably foreseeable if the statutory requirements of the EA and local authorities are effectively implemented.

North East of England

No likely significant in-combination effects are reasonably foreseeable with The North East of England Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) if the statutory requirements of the EA and local authorities are effectively implemented.

Local Plans & Local Development Frameworks

A total of 64 Local Planning Authorities (LPAs) are located within 10km of the Anglian Water region (see Table 4.3).

A consistent outcome from the HRA process for LPA Local Plans or LDFs is that there are likely significant effects resulting from proposed development policies. These likely significant effects on European sites come in the form of increased contaminated surface water run-off into receiving water connected to European sites, increased demand for water affecting water quantity and an increase in waste water affecting water quality. Where likely significant effects have been identified the outcome is that developments will only take place in a phased approach to allow for the capacity of water infrastructure to be brought in line with the predicted changes in water quality and quantity, and/or that developments will only take place where the outcomes of the EA review of consents HRA are not breached. It should be noted that some HRAs rely on the implementation of water metering as a means of mitigating potential impacts on water quantity. There can however be no guarantees that metering will sufficiently control water use.

No likely significant in-combination effects are reasonably foreseeable because any development project being undertaken to implement a policy in a Local Plan or LDF (where there is hydrological connection with a European site):  Will be required to have the necessary water infrastructure in place prior to operation; and  Must be subject to an HRA at the more detailed project stage.

5.2.2 Enjoying Water - Strategic Priorities for Water Related Recreation in East of England

A number of European sites have been identified as being vulnerable to impacts from water–based or unspecified recreational activities from information submitted at designation (Table 5.9). If these initiatives are translated into policy and it is proposed to implement them within a European site they should be subjected to an HRA. Water quality impacts from water-based recreational activities are not considered to

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be significant when compared to the magnitude of the inputs from urban, agricultural and industrial sources. In-combination impacts are likely to arise where disturbance resulting from construction activities may interact with disturbance caused by water-based recreational activities. There are no reasonably foreseeable likely significant in-combination effects because the factors that define the likely disturbance impact will be subjected to an HRA at the project stage.

Table 5.13: European sites potentially vulnerable to impacts of water-based recreation activities Designated Site SAC SPA Ramsar Blackwater Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 4) × × Broadland × × Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) × × Humber Estuary × × North Norfolk Coast × Rutland Water × × The Broads × The Wash and North Norfolk Coast × Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits × ×

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6 Conclusions of the Test of Likely Significance

6.1 Conclusions

Preliminary results from the ToLS assessment are provided in Table 6.1. The table includes the screening results from the preferred options screening Tables 5.1 to 5.12, and the screening for the other scheme options developed as part of the WRMP process in Appendix B. Preferred schemes are highlighted purple. It must be noted that this assessment does not take into account the Review of Consents carried out by the EA on current abstraction licences (with the exception of the River Wensum this information was requested from the EA but was not available at the time of writing).

The ToLS has identified the WRMP scheme options with the potential to result in likely significant effects. If these schemes are taken forward they will be required to go through a Task 2 Appropriate Assessment (AA) where more detailed information will need to be reviewed to clarify potential source-pathway-receptor linkages, and mitigation measures will be investigated (see Chapters 7 and 8).

Table 6.1: Task 1 Screening - Outcomes Schemes European sites with likely significant effects West Suffolk RZ WS1 Newmarket PZ transfer None WS2 East Suffolk RZ transfer None WS3 Bury St. Edmunds water reuse None WS4 Thetford water reuse Breckland SPA/SAC WS5 River Lark Flow Augmentation None WS6 South Essex RZ transfer None Ely RZ E1 Fenland RZ transfer Fenland SAC E2 Newmarket RZ transfer None Newmarket RZ NWM1 Ely RZ transfer None NWM2 West Suffolk RZ transfer None Cheveley RZ CVY1 Newmarket RZ transfer None CVY2 West Suffolk RZ transfer None Central Essex RZ CE1 South Essex RZ transfer None CE2 West Suffolk RZ transfer None Norwich & the Broads RZ NB1 / NB12 Bacton desalination Paston Great Barn SAC Haisborough, Hammond and Winterton SAC NB2 / NB11 Norwich water reuse River Wensum SAC Broadland SPA/Ramsar NB3 Cantley desalination Breydon Water SPA/Ramsar The Broads SAC Broadland SPA/Ramsar NB4 Lowestoft water reuse Broadland SPA/Ramsar The Broads SAC

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Schemes European sites with likely significant effects NB5 Norwich storage None NB6 Norwich intake with pre-treatment None NB7 Norwich intake with lining existing bankside None storage NB8 Norwich intake with new bankside storage None NB10 Norwich intake to existing bankside storage None Fenland RZ F1 Kings Lynn and Wisbech water reuse The Wash SPA/Ramsar The Wash & North Norfolk Coast SAC F2 Kings Lynn desalination The Wash SPA/Ramsar The Wash & North Norfolk Coast SAC F4 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer (12 Ml/d) None F5 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer (25 Ml/d) None Hunstanton RZ H1 Fenland RZ transfer None H2 Heacham water reuse The Wash SPA/Ramsar The Wash & North Norfolk Coast SAC H3 Wash desalination The Wash SPA/Ramsar The Wash & North Norfolk Coast SAC H4 Hunstanton RZ groundwater development None South Essex RZ SE1 Colchester water reuse Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) SPA/Ramsar SE2 / SE8 East Suffolk RZ transfer None SE4 Amendment to Ardleigh agreement None SE6 South Essex RZ groundwater development None SE7 Ardleigh reservoir extension Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) SPA/Ramsar East Suffolk RZ ES3 Ipswich water reuse None ES4 Felixstowe desalination None ES6 East Suffolk RZ groundwater development None ES10 South Essex RZ transfer None Ruthamford North RHFA2 Peterborough water reuse Nene Washes SAC/SPA/Ramsar RHFA3 Rutland dam raising Rutland Water SPA/Ramsar RHFA4 Reduce export to STW None RHFA5 Pitsford dam raising None RHFA6 Canal transfer None RHFA15 Saltersford reduction None Ruthamford South RHFA1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 1 Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA/Ramsar RHFA7 Grafham dam raising None RHFA8 New Ruthamford South reservoir None RHFA9 Grafham intake refurbishment; None

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Schemes European sites with likely significant effects RHFA10 Re-commission Pulloxhill WTW None RHFA11 Re-commission Ruthamford South RZ None reservoir RHFA13 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 2 None RHFA14 Huntingdon water reuse Portholme SAC RHFP1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 3 Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA/Ramsar RHFP2 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 4 None RHFP3 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 5 None RHFP4 Clapham WTW None RHFP5 Ruthamford North RZ transfer Portholme SAC Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ (old RZ*) CWS1 Thetford PZ transfer Breckland SPA/SAC CWS3 Sudbury PZ transfer None CWS6 Haverhill water reuse None CWS11 Fenland RZ transfer Breckland SPA/SAC

6.2 Preferred Plan Schemes and Next Steps

Details of the full 25 year plan set out in the WRMP are presented in Table 6.2. The scheme reference numbers are in brackets. These schemes make up the preferred plan in the 2015 WRMP. Feasible supply schemes not selected may be considered in the future if the size of deficits increases due to sustainability reductions or climate change.

The schemes in the preferred plan were chosen based on a number of factors including:  Economic modelling;  Feasibility;  Capacity to meet deficit;  Environmental effects (from the HRA, SEA, and WFD assessment); and  Capacity to meet long-term supply demand objectives.

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Table 6.2: 2015 WRMP Preferred Schemes New Option Option Scheme description AMP (water Reference available)

WS2 East Suffolk RZ Transfer Wherstead reservoir to Rushbrooke WTW - 40.1km 7 pipeline

WS5 River Lark Flow Augmentation Fordham All Saints STW diversion of flow u/s of Bury St 8 Edmunds - 7km pipeline

NB10 Norwich intake to existing Norwich WTW to Norwich Pits & return to Norwich 7 bankside storage WTW

NB11 Norwich water reuse Whitlingham STW to Norwich WTW - 9.4km pipeline 9

F4 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer Kings Delph reservoir to Friday Bridge Reservoir and 7 (12 Ml/d) Emneth Hungate reservoir - 33.4 km pipeline

H1 Fenland RZ transfer Fring WTW to Ringstead reservoir - 6.1km pipeline 7

SE4 Amendment to Ardleigh Increase Anglian Water split from 70:30 to 80:20 9 Agreement

ES3 Ipswich water reuse Cliff Quay STW to Alton Water - pipeline route? 10

ES10 South Essex RZ transfer Horkesley reservoir to Wherstead reservoir - 21.7km 9 pipeline

E2 Newmarket RZ transfer Warren Hill reservoir to Isleham WTW - pipeline 7

NWM2 West Suffolk RZ transfer Rushbrooke to Warren Hill - pipeline 8

CE1 South Essex RZ transfer Coggeshall reservoir to Lt Maplestead via Parkfield 8

CVY1 Newmarket RZ transfer Warren Hill reservoir to Wood Ditton - pipeline 8

RHFA1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 1 Hannington reservoir to Salcey reservoir - 20.6km 8 pipeline

RHFA11 Re-commission Ruthamford Re-commissioning RTHS Reservoir 10 South RZ reservoir

RHFA15 Saltersford reduction Reduce raw water export 10

As previously stated demand management schemes (leakage, enhanced metering, and water efficiency) are not required to undergo a HRA.

A Task 2 AA will be completed for the following WRMP preferred schemes identified in the HRA ToLS as having the potential for likely significant effects:

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 NB2 / NB11 – Potential for negative effects on the Broads SAC and Broadland SPA and Ramsar. The significance of these effects will be investigated through the AA; and  RHFA1 – Potential for negative effects on the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA and Ramsar. The significance of these effects will be investigated through the AA.

Scheme NB2 is not deemed to be a preferred option in the final plan but has been subject to a HRA Task 2 AA as it has been one of the preferred options in the past and therefore is it presented in this report. Scheme NB11 which is the same as NB2 but with a reduced capacity is a preferred scheme. Therefore, the AA for NB2 also relates to NB11. The following chapters present the HRA Task 2 AA for preferred schemes NB2 / NB11 and RHFA1.

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7 Task 2 Appropriate Assessment

7.1 NB2/NB11 Norwich Water Reuse

7.1.1 Scheme Description

This option involves the treatment of Whitlingham STW effluent and discharge into the River Wensum 1.5- 2km upstream of the Norwich WTW intake. The effluent from Whitlingham STW would require UF and a RO stage will be included to achieve drinking water standards. The concentrate from the RO plant will be discharged with the current Whitlingham discharge. The RO product will be treated with peroxide and UV. Scheme NB11 Norwich Water Reuse (growth scheme) is the same as the description of scheme NB2 Norwich Water Reuse (SR) above except that the capacity will be smaller for NB11 as it will be sized for nominal 10 Ml/d and including a 10 Ml/d extension of Norwich WTW.

Figure 7.1: NB2 Norwich Water Reuse Scheme – option schematics

Source: Anglian Water, 2013

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7.1.2 Designated Sites

Three designated sites are within the Zone of Influence of the NB2 Norwich Water Reuse scheme. Potential effects on the River Wensum SAC have been scoped out at the Task 1 - Screening for Likely Significant Effects (see Section 5.1.2). Therefore only The Broads SAC and Broadland SPA/Ramsar site are included in the Task 2 – Appropriate Assessment. The Broads SAC and Broadland SPA/Ramsar site cover the same area and are situated approximately 2.8km downstream of Whitlingham STW.

Descriptions of the designated sites are provided below along with their conservation objectives, vulnerabilities and qualifying features. The descriptions and conservation objectives are sourced from the Natural England website (Natural England, 2013). The sensitivity of each qualifying feature to disturbance is also listed. Several sources were used to summarise the sensitivity of each habitat or species. These include:  Air Pollution Information System website (APIS, 2013), which gathers information on air pollution and impacts on habitats and species, and;  JNCC website (JNCC, 2013), where information on the priority habitats and species of the UK is provided, as listed on the Convention on Biological Diversity formulated by the UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework in 2012 (formerly UKBAP habitats and species). This information includes references to current major threats to habitats in the UK.

Reference to other sources and specialised papers are included in the text where appropriate.

7.1.2.1 The Broads SAC

General description

The Broads SAC covers roughly the same area as the Broadland SPA and Ramsar sites and is the richest area for charophytes in Britain. The Broads also contain several examples of southern natural eutrophic lakes originated from peat, supporting relict vegetation of the original Fenland flora, and collectively this site contains one of the richest assemblages of rare and local aquatic species in the UK. This flood plain mire site in East Anglia has the largest example of calcareous fens in the UK and The Broads is one of two sites selected for alkaline fens in East Anglia. The fens are principally of the flood plain mire type.

The site contains a range of rare and local plant species, including the Annex II fen orchid Liparis loeselii, lesser tussock-sedge Carex diandra, and slender sedge C. lasiocarpa. The Broads of East Anglia contains the largest blocks of alder Alnus glutinosa wood in England and is the main stronghold of Desmoulin’s whorl snail Vertigo moulinsiana. Also present are significant numbers of otter Lutra lutra.

Conservation objectives

Subject to natural change, the conservation objectives of the Broads SAC are to maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species;  The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species;  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely;  The populations of qualifying species; and  The distribution of qualifying species within the site.

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Vulnerability

The Broads are most vulnerable to sea level rise and reduced summer flows, owing to abstraction in the northern rivers and drier summer conditions. The major consequence of these pressures is the saline intrusion into the site.

Eutrophication owing to nutrient increase from sewage outfalls and agriculture is also considered a problem. Measures to reverse trophic state include phosphate striping in some of the sewage works and mud-pumping to remove enriched material from lakes, followed by biomanipulation.

Pressure from tourism and recreation is being considered by the Broads Authority through the Broads Plan. Water levels are being addressed through the Water Level Management Plans and the Environmentally Sensitive Area scheme. Appropriate standards of flood defence are necessary for the wetland, and works are currently proceeding under the Environment Agency Broads Strategy.

Qualifying features and sensitivity to disturbance - Habitats

 Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp.

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: – Air quality: including acidification and eutrophication due to atmospheric nitrogen deposition and/or, more commonly, through runoff and soil through flow from the surrounding catchment; and – Water abstraction.

 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition-type vegetation

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: – Acidification: associated with atmospheric pollution arising from anthropogenic derived sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N); – Eutrophication: resulting from organic and inorganic fertilisers and nitrogen-rich gases. Nutrient enrichment of the water, with consequent damage to plant and animal communities. Diffuse-source pollution generally exceeds that from point-sources. In addition, changes in land cover can release nutrients from the soil and these may enter water bodies, causing enrichment; – Water abstraction: for potable supply, industry or irrigation, either directly from a standing water body or from surface feeders or aquifers, can depress water levels and increase water retention time and reduce the flushing rate. This can also exacerbate nutrient enrichment, cause deterioration of marginal vegetation through drawdown and cause shallow lakes to dry out; – The introduction of fish, the removal of predators, and the manipulation of existing fish stocks for recreational fishing leads to the loss of natural fish populations and may affect plant and invertebrate communities; – Recreational activities: may create disturbance which affects bird populations. Marginal vegetation may suffer from trampling and the action of boat hulls and propellers destroys aquatic plants and stirs up sediment, contributing to enrichment and encouraging the growth of algae. The construction of marinas and other leisure facilities may destroy valuable habitat and can lead to increased pollution; and – Release of non-native plants and animals can be very damaging. The signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, has had the dual impact of destabilising the biota of some waters by consuming large

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amounts of aquatic vegetation and eliminating many populations of native crayfish by spreading crayfish plague.

 Transition mires and quaking bogs

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: – Air pollution: including nitrogen deposition and impacts of photochemical oxidants, dust and direct toxicity; – Built development: linear developments and other land reclamation for built development affect many areas. Such developments have long-term repercussions on the stability of the ecosystem; – Water abstraction; and – Recreational activities.

 Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae,

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: – Eutrophication: through atmospheric N inputs. This may result in modifications in plant communities; – Water abstraction; – Lack of, or inappropriate management of, existing fens leading to drying, scrub encroachment and succession to woodland; and – Agricultural run-off and afforestation within the catchment.

 Alkaline fens

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: – Eutrophication: through atmospheric N inputs. This may result in modifications in plant communities; – Water abstraction: leading to changes in water table levels; – Lack of, or inappropriate management of, existing fens leading to drying, scrub encroachment and succession to woodland; and – Agricultural run-off and afforestation within the catchment.

 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: – Land clearance: including conversion to other land-uses, particularly in woods recently established on wetland sites; – Cessation of management: may encourage succession to drier woodland types; – Lowering of water-tables: through drainage or water abstraction, resulting in change to drier woodland types; – Grazing: Inappropriate grazing levels and poaching of the soil by sheep, cattle and deer leading to a change in the woodland structure, ground flora impoverishment and difficulties for regeneration; – Flood prevention measures, river control and canalisation, leading to loss of dynamic disturbance- succession systems and invertebrate communities, as well as possible reductions in the extent of individual sites;

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– Constraints on the spread of woodland from conservation sites onto adjacent ground from agriculture, industrial or residential development, leading to greater uniformity of structure across the site; – Poor water quality arising from eutrophication, industrial effluents or rubbish dumping leading to changes in the composition of the ground flora and invertebrate communities; – Invasion by non-native species which alter vegetation composition and lower conservation value (e.g. Indian balsam Impatiens glandulifera); – Air pollution which may influence particularly bryophyte and lichen communities; and – Climate change, potentially resulting in changes in the vegetation communities.

 Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae)

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: – Eutrophication: through atmospheric N inputs. This may result in modifications in plant communities; – Agriculture: owing to the application of fertilizers (leading to eutrophication) and herbicides; – Water abstraction: leading to changes in water table level. This has led to changes in the species composition and consequent invasion from species more adapted to high nutrient levels (Natural England, 2001); and – Lack of, or inappropriate management leading to drying, scrub encroachment and succession to woodland (Natural England, 2001).

Qualifying features and sensitivity to disturbance - Species

 Desmoulin`s whorl snail Vertigo moulinsiana

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: – The desmoulin’s whorl snail requires high water levels, and is sensitive to changes in hydrology, such as water abstraction and general drainage of wetlands leading to reduced water tables and loss of periodic flushes; – Other factors leading to a reduction in wetland marsh habitat such as the canalisation of rivers, deepening of drainage channels may also be detrimental to this species; and – Habitat loss can also result from land use change for example, from rough pasture or meadow to improved grassland, encroachment by scrub or alien plant species, which may result in too much shade and/or drying out of the habitat, and intensive grazing of fens or excessive poaching of ditch margins.

 Otter Lutra lutra.

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: – Otters are most sensitive to factors relating to food supply such as the siltation of riverbeds, riparian habitat removal, toxic pollution and eutrophication, which can lead to declines in fish stocks (Chanin, 2003); – Direct effects of toxic pollution resulting in bioaccumulation are thought to coincide with declines in otter populations;

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– Otters are sensitive to obstructions which prevent their movement along the stream, especially if this results in the otter crossing a road. Physical barriers such as weirs or piped water pose such a threat, as does artificially increased water velocity caused by channelisation; and – There is also a concern with increasing numbers of otters killed on the roads.

7.1.2.2 Broadland SPA

General description

Broadland is a low-lying wetland complex straddling the boundaries between east Norfolk and northern Suffolk including the river valley systems of the Bure, Yare and Waveney and their major tributaries. The distinctive open landscape comprises a mosaic of wetland habitats including open water, reedbeds, carr woodland, grazing marsh and fen meadow, forming one of the finest marshland complexes in the UK. The differing types of management of the vegetation for reed, sedge and marsh hay, coupled with variations in hydrology and substrate, support an extremely diverse range of plant communities.

Conservation objectives

Subject to natural change, the conservation objectives of Broadland SPA are to maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features;  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features;  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely;  The populations of the qualifying features; and  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site.

Vulnerability

The site has suffered from management neglect and natural succession during this century. Sea level rise and reduced summer flows in the river Bure brought about by abstraction, are resulting in increasing saline intrusion into the site and generally drier summer conditions. The site also suffers from eutrophication, brought about through the build-up of nutrients over a long period, primarily through sewage outfalls and, to a lesser degree, agriculture. The region as a whole is a centre for tourism and recreation; however this pressure is now starting to be brought under control by the Broads Authority via the Broads Plan. Efficient drainage within much of the reclaimed parts of the wetland has reduced the wildlife value.

Qualifying features

Table 7.1: Qualifying features of Broadland SPA Article 4.1 Breeding Over winter Passage Bewick’s swan x Whooper swan x Bittern x Marsh harrier x Hen harrier x Ruff x

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Article 4.1 Breeding Over winter Passage Noteworthy: Gadwall

Sensitivity of the qualifying features to disturbance

 Bewick’s swan Cygnus columbianus

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: Wetland drainage and eutrophication continue to affect wintering and migratory sites (Cramp & Simmons, 2004). Climate change induced threats include lower water tables and higher frequency of drought.

 Whooper swan Cygnus cygnus

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: The main cause of mortality in Britain appears to be from collisions with overhead wires (Cramp & Simmons, 2004). It is threatened by habitat degradation and loss as well as climate change induced reduction in water tables and higher frequency of drought.

 Bittern Botaurus stellaris

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: The bittern is threatened mainly by the loss of Phragmites reed marshes owing to habitat alteration through drainage, direct destruction, changes in traditional management, sea level rise and salt water intrusion, the effects of wave action from boat traffic at the edge of open water, and pollution (either eutrophication which modifies fish populations within reedbeds or pesticides which may reduce the species survival). Disturbance from humans during the nesting period is also a threat (e.g. disturbance from reed cutting, noisy recreation, water-sports, motor vehicles, and hunting). Threats from climate change include lower water tables.

 Marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: Historical threats to the population include the loss and deterioration of wetland habitats as well as persecution (Stroud et al., 2001). Marsh harriers are extremely prone to human disturbance at the nest site and some females will not return to the nest if there is anyone within 400 metres (Moyes and Bell, 2006). Threats from climate change include lower water tables.

 Hen harrier Circus cyaneus

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: Population decreases have been linked to habitat loss and deterioration as well as persecution (Stroud et al., 2001). Climate induced changes are not thought to be a threat to this species.

 Ruff Philomachus pugnax

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Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: This species is threatened by pollution, wetland and floodplain drainage, and changing land management practices that lead to scrub and reed overgrowth. Threats from climate change include lower water tables, spatial and temporal changes in prey distribution, higher frequency of drought, and habitat shifts.

7.1.2.3 Broadland Ramsar Site

Site description

Broadland Ramsar site covers the same area as the Broadland SPA, and is important for recreation, tourism, agriculture and wildlife.

Ramsar criteria for designation

Criterion 2: The site supports a number of rare species and habitats within the biogeographical zone context, including the following Habitats Directive Annex I features: H7210 Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae; Calcium-rich fen dominated by great fen sedge (saw sedge); H7230 Alkaline fens Calcium-rich springwater-fed fens; H91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnionincanae, Salicion albae) and Alder woodland on floodplains. It also includes the Annex II species: S1016 Vertigo moulinsiana Desmoulin`s whorl snail; S1355 Lutra lutra Otter; S1903 Liparis loeselii Fen orchid. The site supports outstanding assemblages of rare plants and invertebrates including nine British Red Data Book plants and 136 British Red Data Book invertebrates.

Criterion 6: The site supports bird species/populations at levels of international importance (see Table 7.2).

Vulnerability

The vulnerability of Broadland Ramsar site is the same as listed for The Broads SAC.

Qualifying features

Table 7.2: Bird species of international importance at Broadland Ramsar site Criterion 6 Breeding Over winter Passage Bewick’s Swan x Wigeon x Gadwall x Shoveler x Noteworthy: Bean goose (fabalis), white-fronted goose (albifrons), teal, pochard, smew, cormorant (carbo), bittern, marsh harrier, hen harrier, water rail, coot, ruff.

Sensitivity of qualifying features

 Bewick’s swan Cygnus columbianus

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 Wigeon Anas penelope

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: This species is susceptible to disturbance from freshwater intrusion, recreational activity, pollution, wetland drainage, and changing wetland management practices. Threats from climate change include lower water tables and higher drought frequencies.

 Gadwall Anas strepera

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: This species is threatened by pollution and disturbance from recreational use of freshwater wetlands. Climate change induced lower water tables and higher drought frequency also poses a threat.

 Shoveler Anas clypeata

Sensitivity of this feature to disturbance: The drainage of lowland wet grassland and changes in agricultural practices have posed a threat in the past and spring flooding resulting from changes in floodplain management can affect breeding success (Holden & Cleeves, 2006). Climate change induced lower water tables also pose a threat to this species.

7.1.3 Potential Impacts of the NB2 Norwich Water Reuse Scheme

7.1.3.1 Physical Loss (habitat destruction)

The NB2 / NB11 scheme does not require any land take at Norwich WTW.

The Water Reuse plant at Whitlingham will require further land take than that already occupied by the existing STW, and a pipeline of 2.8km from Whitlingham to Hellesdon will also be required. Whitlingham STW is outside the boundary of the designated sites, and the pipeline will temporarily affect farmland and arable land, also outside the boundary of the listed designated sites. Therefore, the scheme will not have a direct effect on designated sites nor will it result in any physical loss of habitat extent or current vegetation structure and/or composition of the designated sites.

7.1.3.2 Toxic Contamination (water pollution)

Some of the qualifying features of the designated sites are particularly vulnerable to changes in water quality, in particular to increases in nutrients. Consequently any changes to the water table which might affect the water quality in the Broads SAC or Broadland SPA/Ramsar site (for example, because of reduced dilution) could potentially impose significant adverse effects and undermine the conservation objectives set for these site as described in Section 5.1.2.

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Taking into consideration the sensitivity of the qualifying habitats and species of the designated sites, the features that are expected to be at most risk of a potential change in water quality are:

The Broads SAC

 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition-type vegetation (sensitive to eutrophication);  Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae (sensitive to eutrophication);  Alkaline fens (sensitive to eutrophication);  Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) (sensitive to poor water quality from eutrophication, industrial effluents or rubbish dumping);  Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae) (sensitive to eutrophication); and  Otter Lutra lutra (sensitive to toxic pollution and eutrophication affecting food supply).

Broadland SPA

 Bewick’s swan (sensitive to eutrophication);  Bittern (sensitive to eutrophication which modifies fish populations within reedbeds);  Marsh harrier (sensitive to deterioration of wetland habitat);  Hen harrier (sensitive to deterioration of wetland habitat); and  Ruff (sensitive to pollution).

Broadland Ramsar site

 Bewick’s swan (sensitive to eutrophication);  Wigeon (sensitive to water pollution); and  Gadwall (sensitive to water pollution).

The concentrate resulting from the proposed Norwich Water Reuse Works would be discharged into the River Wensum (downstream of the River Wensum SAC). Depending on the magnitude and extent of a potential change in water quality, the designated sites downstream of the discharge have the potential to be affected.

Currently, the final effluent ammonia concentration from Whitlingham STW is low with an average value of 0.23 mg/l (Anglian Water, 2008). Consequently there is no requirement to treat the effluent to remove ammonia, though the modification of the existing process may be required to achieve the desired effluent quality. It was proposed in W0078 Task 4 Water Reuse Study (Anglian Water, 2008) that the effluent will be treated to drinking water standards. Consequently no adverse effects on the water quality of The Broads SAC and Broadland SPA and Ramsar sites are expected through the implementation of this scheme.

The treated effluent will be supplied to Norwich WTW by pumping to the River Wensum near Hellesdon, 2km upstream of the existing Norwich WTW abstraction location but downstream of the River Wensum SAC. Therefore, it is predicted that the discharge upstream of Norwich WTW and the increased effluent from Whitlingham STW will not change the current water quality of the River Wensum SAC.

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7.1.3.3 Water Table (changes to water levels and flows)

The Broads SAC and Broadland SPA/Ramsar site are approximately 2.8km downstream of Whitlingham STW and some of the qualifying features of these designated sites depend on water levels. Therefore, flows are critical to assess the effects of this scheme.

Taking into consideration the sensitivity of the qualifying habitats and species of the designated sites, the features that are expected to be at most risk of a potential change in the water table are:

The Broads SAC

 Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. (sensitive to water abstraction);  Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition-type vegetation (sensitive to water abstraction);  Transition mires and quaking bogs (sensitive to water abstraction);  Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae (sensitive to water abstraction);  Alkaline fens (sensitive to water abstraction);  Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) (sensitive to lowering of water tables);  Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae) (sensitive to water abstraction); and  Desmoulin`s whorl snail Vertigo moulinsiana (requires high water levels).

Broadland SPA

 Bewick’s swan (sensitive to lowering water tables);  Whooper swan (sensitive to lowering water tables);  Bittern (sensitive to lowering water tables);  Marsh harrier (sensitive to lowering water tables); and  Ruff (sensitive to lowering water tables).

Broadland Ramsar site

 Bewick’s swan (sensitive to lowering water tables);  Wigeon (sensitive to lowering water tables);  Gadwall (sensitive to lowering water tables); and  Shoveler (sensitive to lowering water tables).

A simple mass balance of flows was calculated by a flow impact assessment using the W0078 Task 4 Water Reuse Study (Anglian Water, 2008), which indicated that flows downstream of the STW would not be affected by the scheme (See Figure 7.2). It is predicted that the reuse of effluent from Whitlingham will generate 25 Ml/d of treated water to be discharged upstream. The abstraction at Norwich WTW is to be increased by 25 Ml/d only, thus ensuring that the flow rates downstream of the Yare would not be altered (133 Ml/d flow). Therefore, no adverse effects on the qualifying features of the Broads SAC and Broadland SPA and Ramsar site are expected through the implementation of this scheme.

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Figure 7.2: Flow impact assessment - Norwich Water Reuse Scheme

Key:

Source: Anglian Water, 2013

7.1.4 Mitigation Measures

The water quality treatments incorporated in the design of the proposed scheme (as described in Section 7.1.3.2 and 7.1.3.3) are considered to be sufficient to avoid adverse effects, owing to water quality change, on the designated sites and their qualifying features. No further impacts were identified and therefore no other mitigation measures are proposed.

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7.1.5 Integrity of the Designated Sites

7.1.5.1 Impacts acting alone

No direct or indirect effects to the designated sites are predicted by the implementation of the NB2 Norwich Water Reuse Scheme, therefore, no adverse effects on the qualifying features of the designated sites are reasonably foreseeable from the proposed scheme acting alone.

7.1.5.2 Impacts acting in-combination

No cumulative adverse impacts are reasonably foreseeable at the plan stage because the measures taken to ensure that there are no adverse effects to water quality or water flow would result in no adverse effect on site integrity. A further in-combination assessment will be conducted at the project stage where projects not currently in planning or implementation stages, and likely to act in-combination, can be identified.

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7.2 RHFA1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer

7.2.1 Scheme Description

Ruthamford RZ is forecast to have a surplus of available water at the start of the next planning period. This scheme involves utilising the surplus in Ruthamford North RZ available at average demand conditions.

This will require the construction of a 9000 mm diameter pumping main approximately 20.6km long. Most of the pipeline route is across fields (19.6km approx.). There are a number of road crossings and river crossings along the route which are assumed to require direct drilling.

7.2.2 Designated Sites

The treated water reservoirs and pipeline do not lie immediately within or adjacent to any designated sites. The pumping station is within 800m of the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA/Ramsar site and the pipeline will cross the River Nene south of the pumping station.

Descriptions of the designated sites are provided below; along with their conservation objectives, vulnerabilities and qualifying features. The descriptions and conservation objectives are sourced from the Natural England website (Natural England, 2013). The sensitivity of each qualifying feature to disturbance is also listed. Several sources were used to summarise the sensitivity of each habitat or species. These include:  Air Pollution Information System website (APIS, 2013), which gathers information on air pollution and impacts on habitats and species, and;  JNCC website (JNCC, 2013), where information on the priority habitats and species of the UK is provided, as listed on the Convention on Biological Diversity formulated by the UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework in 2012 (formerly UKBAP habitats and species). This information includes references to current major threats to habitats in the UK.

7.2.2.1 Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA

General description

The Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits is a nationally important site for its breeding bird assemblage of lowland open waters and their margins (including the largest nesting colony of grey herons Ardea cinerea in Northamptonshire), wintering waterbird species, an assemblage of over 20,000 waterbirds in the non- breeding season, and a rare example of wet floodplain woodland.

Conservation objectives

Subject to natural change, the conservation objectives of the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA are to maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features;  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features;  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely;  The populations of the qualifying features; and

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 The distribution of the qualifying features within the site.

Vulnerability

Maintaining optimal water depths throughout the year through the management of its waterbodies is essential for the continued viability of the SPA. Water depths that are either too great or too shallow can have an impact on the conservation value of the qualifying bird species. It is also important to ensure wave action is limited as this can affect edge species, particularly through control and management of recreational use.

The SPA is also dependant on the maintenance of good water quality, as this may impact on retaining suitable habitats. Water abstraction, and diffuse and point source emissions into the river, therefore, have the potential to cause adverse impacts.

Qualifying features

 A021 Botaurus stellaris Great bittern (Non-breeding);  A051 Anas strepera Gadwall (Non-breeding);  A140 Pluvialis apricaria European golden plover (Non-breeding); and  Waterbird assemblage.

Sensitivity of the qualifying features to disturbance

 Great Bittern The bittern is threatened mainly by the loss of Phragmites reed marshes owing to habitat alteration through drainage, direct destruction, changes in traditional management, sea level rise and salt water intrusion, the effects of wave action from boat traffic at the edge of open water, and pollution (either eutrophication which modifies fish populations within reedbeds or pesticides which may reduce the species survival). Disturbance from humans during the nesting period is also a threat (e.g. disturbance from reed cutting, noisy recreation, water-sports, motor vehicles, and hunting). Threats from climate change include lower water tables.

 Gadwall This species is threatened by pollution and disturbance from recreational use of freshwater wetlands. Climate change induced lower water tables and higher drought frequency also poses a threat.

 Golden Plover The species has suffered minor range contractions due to the cultivation and afforestation of heathlands including the loss of established pastures. Threats from climate change include habitat shifts as well as spatial and temporal changes in prey distribution.

7.2.2.2 Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Ramsar Site

General description

The Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Ramsar Site comprises a chain of both active and disused sand and gravel pits which forms an extensive series of shallow and deep open waters which occur in association

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with a wide range of marginal features, such as sparsely-vegetated islands, gravel bars and shorelines, and habitats including reed, swamp, marsh, wet ditches, rush pasture, rough grassland, and scattered scrub.

This range of habitats and the varied topography of the lagoons provide valuable resting and feeding conditions for concentrations of wintering waterbirds, especially ducks and waders. Species such as golden plover Pluvialis apricaria and lapwing Vanellus vanellus also spend time feeding and roosting on surrounding agricultural land outside the Ramsar site.

Ramsar criteria for designation

Criterion 5: The site regularly supports 20,000 or more waterbirds, in the non-breeding season the site regularly supports 23,821 individual waterbirds (5 year peak mean 1999/2000 – 2003/04).

Criterion 6: The site supports bird species/populations at levels of international importance (see Table 7.6).

Vulnerability

The main vulnerabilities of the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Ramsar site are similar to those of the SPA and have been identified as:  Maintaining optimal water depths throughout the year, which if too deep or shallow can have an impact on the conservation value of water bodies for different species;  Wave action, particularly through recreational use, can affect edge species; and  Water abstraction, and diffuse and point-source emissions into the river can cause a decrease in water quality which may have adverse impacts on retaining suitable habitats.

Qualifying features

Table 7.3: Bird species of international importance at the Nene Valley Gravel Pits Ramsar Site Criterion 6 Breeding Over winter Passage Mute swan x Gadwall x Noteworthy: Golden plover, bittern

Sensitivity of the qualifying features to disturbance

 Mute Swan Cygnus olor

The main cause of mute swan mortality in Britain appears to be from collisions with overhead wires (Cramp & Simmons, 2004). It is threatened by habitat degradation and loss as well as climate change induced reduction in water tables and higher frequency of drought.

 Gadwall Anas strepera

This species is threatened by pollution and disturbance from recreational use of freshwater wetlands. Climate change induced lower water tables and higher drought frequency also poses a threat.

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7.2.3 Potential Impacts of the RHFA1 Scheme

7.2.3.1 Physical Loss (habitat destruction)

The footprint of the Scheme is at least 500 m outside the boundary of the Ramsar site and the SPA, therefore, no direct effects are anticipated from the proposed works. The Scheme would not affect habitat extent nor the vegetation structure and/or composition.

7.2.3.2 Habitat Fragmentation

The proposed pipeline would be in close proximity to habitat likely to support qualifying species linked to the designated sites. Specifically, the pipeline will mainly cross farmland from Hannington to Salcey - potential habitat of Golden Plover, a qualifying species of the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA. Likely significant effects could occur through disturbance of this species, through temporary fragmentation of suitable available habitat during the construction phase, or through noise and/or vibration disturbance throughout construction.

7.2.3.3 Toxic Contamination (water pollution)

The proposed pipeline also crosses the River Nene between sections of the designated site. Likely significant effects could occur through changes to water quality during the river crossings construction. The SPA/Ramsar site is vulnerable to changes in water quality as this may impact on retaining suitable habitats.

There is potential for pollution events to occur during construction - groundwater is at risk of pollution from potential spills or leakages of hazardous substances. The mobilisation of any contaminants present within the soils may also result in pollution of groundwater. Such contamination may be facilitated by earthworks as this could provide new pathways to the groundwater. Groundwater may also be affected by any leakage of the sewage system during its operation.

Taking into consideration the sensitivity of the qualifying habitats and species of the designated sites, the features that are expected to be at most risk of a potential change in water quality are:

Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA

 Great Bittern (sensitive to pollution through eutrophication and pesticides); and  Gadwall (sensitive to pollution).

Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Ramsar Site

 Gadwall (sensitive to pollution)

In order to reduce potential impacts through water pollution, best practice will be followed at all times and hazardous substances including contaminated land, fuels, chemicals, waste and construction material will be stored, handled, transported, and disposed of according to relevant legislation to avoid and mitigate spillages and leaks. Best practice measures will be outlined in the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) and the Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) prepared at the project level.

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7.2.4 Mitigation

Adverse impacts with respect to the Upper Nene Valley Pits SPA/Ramsar site and disturbance of its qualifying features can be avoided through the timing of construction works outside of the winter period (particularly November-February inclusive).

Industry standards and best practice measures to protect river water quality during the construction of the river crossing will include Pollution Prevention Guideline (PPG) 5 (Environment Agency, 2007). Restrictions on construction timing and implementation of measures to protect water quality are considered sufficient to avoid adverse effects on the integrity of the European site. In addition to this the scheme should be subjected to an Appropriate Assessment at the project stage.

7.2.5 Integrity of the Designated Sites

7.2.5.1 Impacts Acting Alone

No direct effects to the designated sites are predicted by the implementation of the RHFA1 scheme, and any indirect disturbance to its qualifying features can be avoided though mitigation. Therefore, no adverse effects on the qualifying features of the designated sites are likely to arise from the proposed scheme acting alone.

7.2.5.2 Impacts Acting In-Combination

No cumulative adverse impacts are reasonably foreseeable at the plan stage because the mitigation outlined above would result in the likely significant effects being completely separated temporally from the qualifying features of the European site. A further in-combination assessment will be conducted at the project stage where projects not currently in planning or implementation stages, and likely to act in- combination, can be identified.

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8 Task 2 Outcomes

8.1 NB2 / NB11 Norwich Reuse Scheme

The following have been identified as potential impacts of the scheme:  Physical loss (habitat destruction);  Toxic contamination (water pollution); and  Water table (changes to water levels and flows).

The results of the Task 2 AA for scheme NB2 / NB11 concluded that no physical loss of habitat extent or current vegetation structure and/or composition within the designated sites is predicted. The water quality treatments incorporated into the design of the proposed scheme are considered to be sufficient to avoid adverse effects on the designated sites due to water quality change. A flow volume diagram was developed by Anglian Water which predicted that flows downstream of Whitlingham STW will not be altered. Therefore, no direct or indirect effects to the designated sites are predicted as a result of the implementation of the NB2 / NB11 Norwich Water Reuse scheme.

In conclusion no adverse effects on site integrity (Broads SAC and Broadland SPA and Ramsar) are expected through the implementation of this scheme.

8.2 RHFA1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer Scheme

The following have been identified as potential impacts of the scheme:  Physical loss (habitat destruction);  Habitat fragmentation; and  Toxic contamination (water pollution).

The results of the Task 2 AA for scheme RHFA1 concluded that the footprint of the Scheme is at least 500m outside the boundary of the Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA/Ramsar site, therefore, habitat extent, vegetation structure and/or composition within the designated sites will not be affected. Habitat fragmentation can be avoided through the timing of construction works outside of the winter period so as not to disturb or displace Golden Plover, a qualifying species of the SPA. Restrictions on construction timing and implementation of measures to protect water quality are considered sufficient to avoid adverse effects on the integrity of the European sites with respect to water pollution. Therefore, no direct effects to the designated sites are predicted as a result of the implementation of the RHFA1 scheme, and any indirect disturbance to its qualifying features can be avoided though mitigation.

In conclusion no adverse effects on site integrity (Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA/Ramsar) are expected through the implementation of this scheme.

8.3 Further Assessments

In addition to this assessment, the schemes should be subjected to an Appropriate Assessment at the project stage and include a further in-combination assessment where projects not currently in planning or implementation stages, and likely to act in-combination, can be identified.

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9 Overall Conclusions

9.1 Conclusions of the HRA

Table 9.1: Preferred Plan Schemes - Summary of Effects Schemes Scheme European sites with adverse effects West Suffolk RZ WS2 East Suffolk RZ transfer None WS5 River Lark Flow Augmentation None Ely RZ E2 Newmarket RZ transfer None Newmarket RZ NWM2 West Suffolk RZ transfer None Cheveley RZ CVY1 Newmarket RZ transfer None Central Essex RZ CE1 South Essex RZ transfer None Norwich and The Broad RZ NB11 Norwich water reuse None NB10 Norwich intake to existing bankside storage None Fenland RZ F4 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer (12 Ml/d) None Hunstanton RZ H1 Fenland RZ transfer None South Essex RZ SE4 Amendment to Ardleigh agreement None East Suffolk RZ ES3 Ipswich water reuse None ES10 South Essex RZ transfer None Ruthamford South RHFA1 Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 1 None RHFA11 Re-commission Ruthamford South RZ None reservoir Ruthamford North RHFA15 Saltersford reduction None

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10 References

Anglian Water (2008) W0078 Task 4 Water Reuse Study (Whitlingham STW). April 2008.

Anglian Water (2013) Water Resources Management Plan Options Appraisal Report. Water Resources Supply Demand Team

APIS (2013) Air Pollution Information System. Available at [Accessed 29 August 2013]

Atkins, (2012) Flag Fen WWTW Effluent Re-use Scheme – Water Resources Modelling Phase 1 Note. Atkins Limited, Peterborough.

Chanin, P. (2003) Ecology of the European Otter. Conserving European. Rivers Ecology Series No. 10. , Peterborough. Available at: http://www.english-nature.org.uk/LIFEinUKRivers/species/otter.pdf (Accessed on: 8 April 2009).

Cramp, S. & Simmons, K.E.L. (eds.) (2004) BWPi: Birds of the Western Palearctic interactive (DVD-ROM). BirdGuides Ltd, Sheffield.

Department for Communities and Local Government (2006) Planning for the Protection of European Sites: Appropriate Assessment Under The Conservation (Natural Habitats, &C) (Amendment) (England and Wales) Regulations 2006 Guidance For Regional Spatial Strategies. [online] Available at: < http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120919132719/http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/pla nningandbuilding/pdf/160442.pdf > [Accessed 3 December 2013].

Department for Communities and Local Government (2012a) Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Revocation of the East of England Regional Strategy. [online] Available at: [Accessed on 27 March 2013].

Department for Communities and Local Government (2012b) Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Revocation of the North East of England Regional Strategy Environmental Report. [online] Available at: [Accessed on 27 March 2013].

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (2006) Ramsar sites in England – A policy statement. [online] Available at: [Accessed 21 November 2011].

Environment Agency (2007). Pollution Prevention Guidelines. Works and maintenance in or near water: PPG5. Available at < http://a0768b4a8a31e106d8b0- 50dc802554eb38a24458b98ff72d550b.r19.cf3.rackcdn.com/pmho1107bnkg-e-e.pdf> [Accessed 2 September 2013]

English Nature (2001) Lowland calcareous grassland: a scarce and special habitat. English Nature, Peterborough.

Holden, P. & Cleeves, T. (2006) RSPB Handbook of British Birds. Christopher Helm, London.

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JNCC (2013) UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework. Available at [Accessed: 29 August 2013].

Natural England (2013) Main designations contributing to Natural England’s purposes. Available at

Stroud, D.A., Chambers, D., Cook, S., Buxton, N., Fraser, B., Clement, P., Lewis, P., McLean, I., Baker, H. & Whitehead, S. (eds). (2001) The UK SPA network: its scope and content. JNCC, Peterborough.

UK Water Industry Research (2012) Strategic Environmental Assessment and Habitats Regulations Assessment - Guidance for Water Resources Management Plans and Drought Plans (12/WR/02/7). UK Water Industry Research, London.

University of Brighton (2009) Enjoying Water - Strategic Priorities for Water Related Recreation in East of England. [online] Available at: [Accessed on 27 March 2013].

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Appendices

Appendix A. Schemes Description ______74 Appendix B. Screening Matrices ______87

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Appendix A. Schemes Description

A.1 West Suffolk RZ

Scheme WS1: Newmarket PZ transfer

This option involves the transfer of water from Warren Hill Reservoir, Newmarket PZ to Little Saxham Reservoir, Bury St. Edmunds PZ. The option requires the construction of a 200mm diameter pumping main from Warren Hill Reservoir to Little Saxham Reservoir across a total distance of approximately 14.2km.

Scheme WS2: East Suffolk RZ Transfer

This option involves transfer of water from Wherstead Reservoir, East Suffolk RZ to Great Welnetham Reservoir and onto Rushbrooke WTW, Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ. The option requires construction of a 300mm diameter pumping main from Wherstead Reservoir to Great Welnetham Reservoir across approximately 36.8km. A 300mm diameter pipeline to Rushbrooke WTW which is approximately 3.3km is also required.

Scheme WS3: Bury St Edmunds water reuse

This option proposes to treat 90% of the Dry Weather Flow (DWF) from Fornham STW through an advanced treatment process and to inject the treated water into the chalk aquifer either at Rushbrooke or Nowton as part of a Managed Aquifer Recharge Scheme (MAR) The advanced treatment process will comprise ultrafiltration (UF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO). The final effluent ammonia consent is low with a 95 percentile value of 2mg/l. Consequently, there is no requirement to treat the effluent to remove ammonia through modification of the existing process. The RO process generates two streams – the product water which will be pumped to the injection borehole and the concentrate which will be discharged at the existing Fornham STW into the River Lark. The concentrate will have a salt concentration of 3000-5000 mg/l and will be diluted with the final effluent from the Fornham STW. Ferric Sulphate will be dosed before the UF process to improve membrane performance and to precipitate iron phosphate which, in turn result in reduced calcium phosphate scaling and risk in the RO membranes. Phosphate will be rejected by the RO process and consequently, the phosphate concentration on the water to be injected into the aquifer will be very low. The additional water could be abstracted from the aquifer at the Rushbrooke wellfield and treated at the Rushbrooke WTW. The water reuse plant capacity is based on 90% of the 2011 DWF and any flow above this will be discharge in the current manner.

Scheme WS4: Thetford water reuse

This option proposes that the effluent from Thetford STW be treated and pumped to the chalk aquifer boreholes in the area of Warren Wood, Two Mile Bottom, Nunnery Lodge and Barnham Cross as part of a MAR scheme. For this purpose, the Thetford STW will require a sidestream Microbiological Reactor (MBR) and RO. Depending on the requirements of the receiving aquifer, the product water will be oxygenated and the pH increased prior to pumping the water to the injection well. The RO process generated two streams – the product water which will be pumped to the injection boreholes and the concentrate which will be

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discharged at the existing Thetford STW into the River Little Ouse. The concentrate will have a salt concentration of 3000-5000mg/l and will be diluted with the final effluent from the Thetford STW. The sidestream MBR should be designed as a Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) plant to maximise biological phosphorous removal thereby reducing the ferric sulphate dosing requirements. Ferric sulphate will be dosed into the aeration tanks as a trim to reduce the phosphate concentration feeding the RO plant to minimise calcium phosphate scale formation in the RO membranes. A carbon dioxide stripper has been included to remove CO2 in the RO permeate thereby reducing the sodium hydroxide dose required to achieve a neutral pH. However, the stripper could be removed and the sodium hydroxide dose increased to get the desired water quality standards for aquifer injection. Water could be abstracted and treated at Barnham Cross WTW.

Scheme WS5: River Lark Flow Augmentation

This option seeks to mitigate the effects of water abstractions at Rushbrooke WTW on the flow of the River Lark. The option focuses on the 8km stretch of the River Lark through Bury St. Edmunds between Bridge Farm and the Fornham All Saints STW. The option involves abstraction of water from the River Lark downstream of Fornham All Saints STW for transfer and discharge to the river upstream of the town. This option requires a new river off-take downstream of Fornham All Saints STW ad a 7km long new pipeline to discharge the water back to the river upstream of Bury St. Edmunds, thus increasing the flows through the town.

Scheme WS6: South Essex RZ Transfer

This option involves transfer for water from Great Horkesley Reservoir, South Essex RZ to Great Welnetham Reservoir, and into Rushbrooke WTW. This option involves the construction of a 400mm diameter pumping main from Great Horkesley Reservoir to Great Welnetham Reservoir across a total distance of approximately 34.9km. The second part of this option involves a new 400mm diameter pipeline to Rushbrooke WTW approximately 3.3km.

A.2 Ely RZ

Scheme E1: Fenland RZ transfer

This option involves the transfer of water from Stoke Ferry WTW to Isleham WTW. It will involve the construction of a pipeline between Stoke Ferry WTW and Isleham WTW.

Scheme E2: Newmarket RZ transfer

This option involves the transfer of water from Warren Hill reservoir to Isleham WTW. It will involve the construction of a pipeline between Warren Hill reservoir and Isleham WTW.

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A.3 Newmarket RZ

Scheme NWM1: Ely RZ transfer

This scheme is the same of scheme E2 ‘Newmarket RZ transfer’ only reversed.

Scheme NWM2: West Suffolk RZ transfer

This scheme is the same as scheme WS1 ‘Newmarket PZ transfer’ only reversed.

A.4 Cheveley RZ

Scheme CVY1: Newmarket RZ transfer

This option involves the transfer of water between Newmarket RZ and Cheveley RZ. It will involve the construction of a pipeline between Warren Hill WR and Woodditton WT via Woodditton WB.

Scheme CVY2: West Suffolk RZ transfer

This option involves the transfer of water between West Suffolk RZ and Cheveley RZ. It will involve the construction of a pipeline between Hundon WR and Woodditton WR.

A.5 Central Essex RZ

Scheme CE1: South Essex RZ transfer

This option involves the transfer of water from Coggeshall reservoir to Lt Maplestead WR. This option involves the construction of a 150mm diameter pipeline from Coggeshall WR to Parkfield WR, and onto Lt Maplestead WR, across a total distance of 12.9km.

Scheme CE2: West Suffolk RZ transfer

This option involves the transfer of water from Rushbrooke to Steeple Bumpstead via Little Saxham and Hundon. There are four legs of the pipeline: Rushbrooke to Lt Saxham; Lt Saxham to Hundon; Hundon to Great Wratting/Boyton Hall; Great Wratting/Boyton Hall to Steeple Bumpstead. The Hundon to Great Wratting leg is by substitution via existing infrastructure. The other legs will require the construction of a 300mm diameter pipeline.

A.6 Norwich and The Broads RZ

Scheme NB1 / NB12: Bacton Desalination

The proposed desalination site is located at Bacton, on the Norfolk Coast . The actual location will be confirmed if the option were to be progressed. The sea water intake will be located offshore beyond the surf zone to ensure reasonable intake water quality. The brine may be discharged 500m from the intake location with the current taking the brine away from the intake. The proposed pre‐treatment comprises Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) and Ultrafiltration (UF). The sludge from the DAF and chemical backwash waste from the UF will be discharges to the sewerage network for safe disposal. The UF backwash waste will be discharged with the brine. The output from the UF plant will

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be collected and pumped to the desalination plant. A two-pass system with a partial second pass is proposed subject to receipt of a full seawater analysis. Scheme NB12 Bacton Desalination is the same as the description of scheme NB1 Bacton Desalination above except that the capacity will be smaller for NB12 as it will be sized for nominal 10 Ml/d.

Scheme NB2 / NB11: Norwich Water Reuse

Scheme NB3: Cantley Desalination

The Cantley plant will supply 1.22Ml/d to Strumpshaw to satisfy Brundall and 6.3Ml/d to Mousehold to satisfy Norwich. The site would be located on the River Yare. The water is brackish and the salinity will vary with the tide. It is proposed that the brine or concentrate may be discharged at the outlet of Breydon Water as the river flows through Great Yarmouth. The concentrate or brine will have a salt concentration of 3,000 – 5,000mg/l, whereas seawater salinity is 35,000mg/l.

Scheme NB4: Lowestoft Water Reuse

There is a significant predicted deficit in the Norwich Planning Zone in both 2015 and 2040 due to reduced abstraction from the River Wensum. The existing river abstraction point at Norwich Pits is due to be closed for environmental reasons and the existing abstraction point at Norwich WTW will be developed and a new treatment works would be constructed. The deficit is predicted to reach 64.7Ml/d in 2040 and the new treatment plant at Norwich WTW will provide 45 Ml/d with a peak flow of 63Ml/d (including the Bland Road supply). A number of options are being considered to provide the necessary feed water to Norwich WTW and this option proposes the treatment of the Lowestoft effluent to discharge into the River Wensum upstream of the Norwich WTW intake but downstream of the Special Area of Conservation. The Lowestoft WTW is an advanced treatment plant incorporating a MBR.

Scheme NB5: Norwich storage

This option requires a large raw water storage reservoir to be constructed outside of Norwich. The reservoir would be filled from the existing intake at Norwich WTW and would require a twin pipeline between Norwich WTW and the new reservoir. This option has been developed to mitigate the scenario that a new ‘hands off flow’ (HoF) licence condition is imposed at Norwich WTW and additional storage would be required to allow for the periods when the river flows are below the HoF. The ‘Costessey Surface Water Licence Sustainability Reduction Project, 2012’ estimates that the storage requirements would be for approximately 100 days.

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Scheme NB6: Norwich intake with pre-treatment

This option uses the existing intake at Norwich WTW and with the installation of pre-treatment plant to the existing works eliminating the need for bankside storage. The water will be abstracted from the River Wensum and receive appropriate pre-treatment before joining the existing treatment stream.

Scheme NB7: Norwich intake with lining existing bankside storage

Anglian Water is conducting a study to assess the potential hydraulic continuity between Norwich Pits and the River Wensum. The investigation was initiated as there was concern that drawing down the pits could impact the Wensum SAC. This option involves the lining of both the existing and newly acquired pits to prevent connectivity to the river. A new pipeline from Norwich WTW is required. A HDPE liner covered with 1m of bed material is the preferred method. A temporary sheet-pile cut-off wall around the pits and pumping would be required to de-water the pits for the installation of the liner. As part of the Wensum sustainability reduction there is a risk that the Norwich boreholes will not be available to support the pits during periods of high turbidity in the river. Therefore, a coarse ‘roughing’ filter upfront of the existing Norwich WTW is required.

Scheme NB8: Norwich intake with new bankside storage

This option is an alternative to NB7: lining the existing bankside storage. The construction of new bankside storage to replace Norwich pits removes the need to line the pits due to hydraulic continuity (see Scheme NB7). The option would still require a coarse ‘roughing’ filter upfront of the existing Norwich WTW if the Norwich boreholes are not available to support the pits during periods of high turbidity in the river.

NB10 Norwich intake to existing bankside storage

This option utilises the existing Norwich WTW intake and storage at Norwich Pits by providing a new pipeline from Norwich WTW to the pits. Water is then conveyed from the pits back to Norwich WTW via the existing pipelines.

A.7 Fenland RZ

Scheme F1: Kings Lynn and Wisbech Water Reuse

Treated effluent from King’s Lynn STW is proposed to be combined with the effluent from West Walton STW and pumped into the River Wissey 2km upstream from the existing Stoke Ferry WTW abstraction point. King’s Lynn STW will require modification to incorporate a sidestream membrane bioreactor and RO. The RO product water will be dosed with hydrogen peroxide or ozone and treated with UV radiation to provide additional virus inactivation and to breakdown any remaining organic species such as pesticides. The product water will be oxygenated and the pH will be increased prior to pumping water to the River Wissey. The RO concentration will be discharged at the existing King’s Lynn STW into the tidal stretch of the River Great Ouse. The concentrate will have a salt concentration of significantly lower than ambient sea water. At West Walton STW, the final effluent ammonia concentration is low therefore additional ammonia treatment is not required. RO will be required to reduce the salt concentration. The concentrate from the

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RO plant will be discharged with the current West Walton discharge. An advanced oxidation process such as hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation will be required to achieve additional virus inactivation and destruction of oestrogen based chemicals.

Scheme F2: Kings Lynn desalination

This option involves development of a desalination plant located south of King’s Lynn on the River Great Ouse. The river intake would be located on the river bank and the intake must be protected to prevent damage by ships. The salinity of the river water will vary with the tides and the RO feed pumps will be controlled by Variable Frequency Drivers (VFDs) to optimise energy use. The brine will be discharged at the existing Kings Lynn STW to minimise the increase in salinity during incoming tides when the brine will be drawn up the river towards the intake. The proposed pre-treatment process comprises DAF and UF. The sludge from the DAF and chemical backwash waste from the UF will be discharged to the sewer network. The UF backwash will be discharges with the brine. The UF product will be collected and pumped to the desalination plant. A two- pass system with partial second pass is proposed subject to receipt of a full seawater analysis.

Scheme F4: Ruthamford North RZ Transfer (12 Ml/d)

This option proposed to transfer water from the Ruthamford North RZ from Whittlesey to Wisbech. This option involves the construction of a 500mm diameter pumping main from King’s Delph Reservoir to Friday Bridge Reservoir (approximately 27km) and pumped onto Emnneth Hungate Reservoir (approximately 6.4km).

Scheme F5: Ruthamford North RZ Transfer (25 Ml/d)

This option requires the same pipeline route as Option F4, however it requires a 700mm pumping main.

A.8 Hunstanton RZ

Scheme H1: Fenland RZ transfer

This option proposes to transfer water from New Fring WTW, south of Fring in the Fenland RZ, to Ringstead Reservoir. This option involves the construction of a 150mm diameter pumping main from New Fring WTW to Ringstead Reservoir across approximately 6.1km.

Scheme H2: Heacham Water Reuse

This option proposes that the effluent from Heacham STW will be treated and pumped to the Sedgeford Boreholes where the treated effluent will be injected into the Sandringham Sands from where it will be abstracted and treated at Ringstead. The Heacham STW will require a sidestream MBR and RO to reduce salt and soluble organics concentrations to drinking water standards. Depending on the requirements of the receiving aquifer, the product water will be oxygenated and the pH increased prior to injection. The RO concentrate will have a salt concentration significantly lower than ambient sea water. The water will be injected into the upper layer of the aquifer which has a high nitrate concentration. As the total oxidised nitrogen of the treated effluent is less than 1mg/l, then this should reduce the nitrate 79 313903/EVT/EES/003/C 04 December 2013 http://pims01/pims/llisapi.dll/properties/1547572395

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concentration of the abstracted water. Ringstead WTW has a nitrate removal ion exchange plant and an extension to the plant maybe required for an additional output. The water reuse plant capacity is based on 90% of the 2011 DWF. Any flow above this will be discharged in the current manner.

Scheme H3: The Wash Desalination

This option is for a desalination plant close to Hunstanton. The seawater intake will be offshore beyond the surf zone to ensure reasonable quality of intake water. The brine may be discharged 500, away from the intake with the currents taking the brine away from the intake. The proposed pre-treatment process comprises of DAF and UF. The sludge from the DAF and chemical backwash waste from the UF will be discharged to the sewer. The UF backwash waste will be discharged with the brine. A two-pass system with partial second pass is proposed subject to receipt of a full sea water analysis.

Scheme H4: Hunstanton RZ Groundwater Development

This option utilises two disused licensed groundwater sources at the Sedgeford Station and Ringstead Reservoir. The option also requires construction of a further three boreholes, sites have been acquired by Anglian water for these. New treatment is required to remove iron and manganese.

A.9 South Essex RZ

Scheme SE1: Colchester Water Reuse

The scheme would provide the necessary feed water to the Ardleigh Reservoir which feeds Colchester and the surrounding area (12 Ml/d). The scheme proposes that the treatment of the Colchester effluent to discharge into the River Colne, approximately 2km upstream of the Ardleigh intake at East Mills.

Scheme SE2 /SE8: East Suffolk RZ transfer

This option involves transfer of water from Wherstead Reservoir, in East Suffolk RZ to Horkesley Reservoir in South Essex. This option involves the construction of a 400mm diameter pumping main from Horkesley Reservoir to Wherstead Reservoir across a total distance of approximately 21.7km. Scheme SE8 East Suffolk RZ transfer is the same as the description of scheme SE2 East Suffolk RZ transfer above except that the capacity will be smaller for SE8 (2 Ml/d)

Scheme SE4: Amendment to Ardleigh Agreement

This option involves Anglian Water increasing its proportion of Ardleigh WTW output. The current arrangement with Affinity Water proportions the output from Ardleigh WTW as 70:30 to Anglian Water. This option increases Anglian Water’s proportion to 80:20. There are no works or pipeline routes associated with this option.

Scheme SE6: South Essex RZ Groundwater Development

The scheme involves re-commissioning an existing disused groundwater source at the existing Great Horkesley.WTW. No construction of pipeline is included with the proposals.

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Scheme SE7: Ardleigh Reservoir Extension

Extension of Ardleigh Reservoir, involving conversion of a gravel pit next to the existing reservoir into an extension of the reservoir. To treat the additional water the existing Ardleigh WTW will be extended. The scope includes:  Land purchase (120 acres);  630mm diameter transfer pipeline;  Pumping station;  Spillway;  Draw-off works including 800mm conduit;  Aeration structure; and  3 Ml/d WTW extension.

A.10 East Suffolk RZ

Scheme ES3: Ipswich Water Reuse This option proposes additional treatment of the discharge from Cliff Quay STW and discharged into the River Gripping, approximately 2km upstream of the Alton water intake at Spoughton. Cliff Quay STW would require a sidestream MBR and RO. The product water will be oxygenated and the pH increased prior to pumping to the River Gripping. RO generates two streams – the product water which will be pumped into the River Gripping and the concentrate which will be discharged at the existing Cliff Quay STW into the tidal stretch of the River Gripping.

Scheme ES4: Felixstowe Desalination

The proposed location for the desalination plant is approximately 1km south of the Port of Felixstowe, with the actual location awaiting confirmation. The location for the seawater intake would be located approximately 250m-500m offshore. This stretch of water is a heavily used shipping area which increases the likelihood of ship collision and poor water quality due to the stirring up of the sea bed and the resulting increased turbidity of water. Brine would be discharged and dispersed with 50-100m of the discharge points. A pipeline will be constructed to connect the proposed facility to the existing Sprites Hall reservoir. . The flow between Sprites Hall and Rushmere is limited to 7-8 Ml/d, and therefore a new main will be required if the flow rate is to be increased. The pipelines would run through mainly countryside areas, but with some built up areas affected in Felixstowe, Trimley St. Mary and Ipswich.

Scheme ES6: East Suffolk RZ Groundwater Development

The proposed scheme would entail the reuse of the disused Claydon groundwater source. No construction of pipeline is included with the proposals.

Scheme ES10: South Essex RZ transfer

Scheme ES10 is the reverse of scheme SE2.

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A.11 North Ruthamford RZ

RHFA2: Peterborough Water Reuse

The scheme involves transferring treated effluent from Flag Fen STW to a point upstream on the River Nene for water supply. The discharge location will be at least 2km upstream of any raw water intake.

RHFA3: Rutland Dam Raising

A 10% increase in the storage contained within Rutland Water would remain with the licence for refill and for abstraction from the reservoir. This 10% increase in volume at this reservoir would result in a 20 Ml/d rise in hydrological yield. The proposed scheme of increasing the reservoir volume by 10% will require the dam to be raised by 1m with a 3m high retaining wall. This will require a length of crest of approximately 1,200m. The area of fill required is approximately 69.3m2 giving a total volume of fill of 83,160m3. For this proposal a 1,000m x 5m access road and a reinstatement of 1,200m edge protection to the crest on both sides will be required. There are no pipelines associated with this scheme.

RHFA4: Trade with STW

This scheme involves reducing the amount of water Anglian Water export to STW. There will be no new infrastructure involved in this scheme. Therefore, no baseline has been gathered.

RHFA5: Pitsford Dam Raising

The proposed Pitsford Dam Raising scheme contributes to supplying the Ruthamford North RZ deficit and will provide 13.8 Ml/d capacity for the RZ. A 50% increase in the reservoir volume within Pitsford would remain with the licence for refill and for abstraction from the reservoir. Pitsford’s yield would benefit from an increase in storage, with 13.8 Ml/d gained from 50% greater reservoir volume. The proposed scheme of increasing the reservoir volume by 50% will require the dam to be raised asymmetrically by an estimated 3m (further would be required to determine the exact height to produce the increase in volume required). This will require a length of crest of approximately 518m. The area of fill required is approximately 141.8m2 giving a total volume of fill of 73,452m3. For this proposal a 1,000m x 5m access road and a reinstatement of 518m edge protection to the crest on both sides will be required. The additional water that will be available from the raising of Pitsford dam will be treated at Pitsford WTW before being transferred to storage reservoir via a 7km pipeline.

RHFA6: Canal Transfer

This option involves transfer of water from Severn Trent Water’s Minworth STW to Ling Reservoir . This proposed scheme seeks to utilise the existing network of Grand Union Canal. This option involves the construction of a 626mm diameter pumping main from Minworth STW near Birmingham to the canal/river system, approximately 6.4km. Water would then be abstracted and pumped to Northampton. The second leg of this proposed scheme involves a 900mm diameter pumping main to Ling Reservoir across a distance of 9.2km.

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RHFA15: Saltersford reduction This option is an opex only solution. It involves reducing the raw water exported to the Central Lincolnshire RZ. The source (by substitution) would be Hall WTW.

A.12 South Ruthamford RZ

RHFA1: Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 1

This option involves utilising the surplus in Ruthamford North RZ available at average and transferring it into the South Ruthamford RZ. It requires an increased transfer of water from Hannington Reservoir to Salcey Reservoir. This option involves the construction of a 900mm diameter pumping main approximately 20.6km.

RHFA7: Grafham Dam Raising

The proposed scheme of increasing the reservoir volume by 50% will require the dam to be raised asymmetrically by 3m or more. This will require a length of crest of approximately 1,300m. The area of fill required is approximately 169m2 giving a total volume of fill of 219,700m3. A 50% increase in the reservoir volume within Grafham Water would remain with the licence for refill and for abstraction from the reservoir. Grafham’s yield would benefit from an increase in storage, with 50 Ml/d gained from 50% greater reservoir volume. For this proposal a 1,000m x 5m access road and a reinstatement of 1,300m edge protection to the crest on both sides will be required.

RHFA8: New Ruthamford South Reservoir

The proposed scheme is to create a new abstraction resulting in a new reservoir near to Grafham Water. The deployable output would be 39 Ml/d average demand and 49 Ml/d peak demand. There are three proposed pipeline routes:  Route 1 – New abstraction at Grafham Intake and transfer of water to existing Grafham WTW and new treated water pipeline to Staughton WR;  Route 2 - New abstraction at Grafham Intake and transfer of water to existing Grafham WTW and new treated water pipeline to Abbotsley WR; and  Route 3 - New abstraction at Grafham Intake and transfer of water to existing Grafham WTW and new treated water pipeline to Gallowbrook WR.

RHFA 9: Grafham Intake Refurbishment

This scheme involves refurbishing the pumps to allow increased capacity. No pipelines will be developed as part of this scheme. Therefore, no baseline has been gathered.

RHFA10: Re-commission Pulloxhill WTW

This scheme involves the re-commission of the previously operated Pulloxhill WTW, abstracting from Woburn Sands groundwater source. Borehole installations, associated infrastructure and an existing abstraction licence are already in place for this scheme.

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RHFA11: Re-commission Ruthamford South RZ reservoir

This potential scheme involves the construction of a new 12 Ml/d water treatment works (WTW) at the existing Foxcote reservoir site. The new WTW would treat water obtained from utilising the existing abstraction licences from the reservoir and the River Ouse. This WTW at Foxcote would supply treated water to 10 Ml/d average demand and up to 12Ml/d during peak demand periods.

RHFA13: Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 2

The scheme involves water transfer from North Ruthamford to South Ruthamford. The scheme would transfer water from Hannington WR to Salcey WR, and would also involve transfer between Deanshanger and Woburn WR. The projected treated water capacity that will be available from the implementation of this option is 24 Ml/d under average demand conditions and 39 Ml/d under peak demand conditions. The estimated pipeline route length of Hannington WR to Salcey WR is 19.5km. The estimated pipeline route length of Deanshanger WR to Woburn WR is 20km. The uprating of the pumps should only cause minor impacts due to the refurbishment of an existing pump.

RHFA14: Huntingdon Water Reuse

The proposed scheme is to reuse the water from Huntingdon STW transferring it via a pipeline to Grafham Water reservoir. The deployable output would be 5.40 Ml/d average demand and 5.44 Ml/d peak demand.

RHFP1: Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 3

This option has been developed to meet the peak deficit in Ruthamford South RZ using the surplus available in Ruthamford North RZ. It involves increasing the transfer of water from Hannington Reservoir to Salcey Reservoir. It also requires a transfer from Deanshanger Reservoir to Woburn Reservoir . A 900mm diameter pumping main is required between Hannington and Salcey Reservoir with a total distance of approximately 20.6km. A 750mm diameter pumping main is required from Deanshanger Reservoir to Woburn Reservoir across a distance of 19.7km.

RHFP2: Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 4

This option utilises the surplus from both Wing WTW and Grafham WTW at peak. It requires increasing the existing transfers between:  Hannington and Salcey service reservoirs;  Deanshanger to Woburn service reservoirs; and  Grafham WTW to Ampthill service reservoir. The transfers require:  A 750mm diameter pumping main from Hannington to Salcey approximately 20.6km.  A 300mm diameter pumping main from Deanshanger to Woburn a distance of 19.7km.  A 600mm diameter pumping main from Grafham WTW to Ampthill approximately 32.6km.

RHFP3: Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 5

This option utilises the surplus from both Wing WTW and Grafham WTW at peak. It requires increasing the existing transfers between:

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 Hannington and Lings service reservoirs; and  Grafham WTW to Ampthill service reservoir. These transfers require:  A 1200mm diameter pumping main from Hannington Reservoir to Lings across a total distance of approximately 16.4km; and  A 750mm diameter pumping main from Grafham WTW to Ampthill Reservoir across a distance of approximately 32.6km.

RHFP4: Clapham WTW

This option utilises existing spare peak licence capacity at Clapham WTW. The scheme includes the following components:  A pipeline to supply water from Grafham to Ampthill WR; and  A pipeline to supply water from Ampthill to Milton Keynes.

RHFP5: Ruthamford North RZ Transfer

This scheme includes:  New pipeline between Grafham to Ampthill WR; and  To uprate Ampthill to Woburn WR.

A.13 Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ (old resource zone*)

Scheme CWS1: Thetford PZ transfer

This option involves the transfer of water from Barnham Cross WTW near Thetford to Rushbrooke WTW near Bury St. Edmunds via Stanton Reservoir. The construction of a 200mm diameter pumping main from Barnham Cross WTW to Stanton Reservoir across a total distance of approximately 14.5km is required. A 200mm diameter pipeline is needed from Stanton Reservoir to Rushbrooke WTW across a distance of 10.1km.

Scheme CWS3: Sudbury PZ transfer

This option involves the transfer of water from Long Melford Reservoir, Sudbury PZ to Great Welnetham Reservoir, Bury St. Edmunds PZ. The option requires the construction of a 150mm diameter pumping main from Long Melford Reservoir to Great Welnetham Reservoir across a total distance of approximately 13.2km.

Scheme CWS6: Haverhill water reuse

This option proposes to treat 90% of the DWF from Haverhill STW through an advanced treatment process and inject the treated water into the chalk aquifer at either Wixoe or Gt Wratting as part of a MAR scheme. The advanced treatment process will comprise UF and RO. The final effluent ammonia consent is low with a 95 percentile value of 2mg/l. Consequently, there is no requirement to treat the effluent to remove ammonia through modification of the existing process. The RO process generated two streams – the product water which will be pumped to the injection boreholes and the concentrate which will be

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discharged at the existing Haverhill STW into the River Lark. The concentrate will have a salt concentration of 3000-5000mg/l and will be diluted with the final effluent from the Haverhill STW. Ferric Sulphate will be dosed before the UF process to improve membrane performance and to precipitate iron phosphate which, in turn result in calcium phosphate scaling risk in the RO membrane. Phosphate will be rejected by the RO process and consequently, the phosphate concentration in the water to be injected into the aquifer will be very low. The additional water could be abstracted from the aquifer at the Wixoe or Great Wratting and treated at the Great Wratting WTW. The water reuse plant capacity is based on 90% of the 2011 DWF and any flow above this will be discharged in the current manner.

Scheme CWS11: Fenland RZ transfer

This option involves transfer of water from Stoke Ferry WTW, Fenland RZ to Rushbrooke WTW. This option involves the construction of a 500mm diameter pumping main from Stoke Ferry WTW to Rushbrooke WTW, approximately 44.2km.

* Note: The Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ has been split into West Suffolk RZ, Sudbury RZ, Newmarket RZ, Ely RZ, and Cheveley RZ. However, schemes developed under the Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ which have not been subsequently taken forward as feasible schemes are included in the HRA for completeness and retain their CWS scheme reference.

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Appendix B. Screening Matrices

Note: The Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ has been split into West Suffolk RZ, Sudbury RZ, Newmarket RZ, Ely RZ, and Cheveley RZ. However, schemes developed under the Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ which have not been subsequently taken forward are included in the HRA for completeness and retain their CWS scheme reference.

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Table B.1: Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ Screening Matrix Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ Site name Breckland Stour and Orwell Estuaries Breckland Stour and Orwell Estuaries Designation SPA SPA SAC Ramsar Qualifying features  A133 Burhinus oedicnemus; Stone-curlew (Breeding)  A046a Branta bernicla bernicla; Dark-bellied brent  2330 Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and  Dark-bellied brent goose, Branta bernicla bernicla  A224 Caprimulgus europaeus; European nightjar goose (Non-breeding) Agrostis grasslands (Non-breeding) (Breeding)  A054 Anas acuta; Northern pintail (Non-breeding)  3150 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or  Northern pintail, Anas acuta (Non-breeding)  A246 Lullula arborea; Woodlark (Breeding)  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Breeding) Hydrocharition - type vegetation  Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola  A141 Pluvialis squatarola; Grey plover (Non-  4030 European dry heaths  Red knot, Calidris canutus islandica breeding)  6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland  Dunlin, Calidris alpina alpina  A143 Calidris canutus; Red knot (Non-breeding) facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites)  Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa islandica  A149 Calidris alpina alpina; Dunlin (Non-breeding)  91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and  Common redshank, Tringa totanus totanus  A156 Limosa limosa islandica; Black-tailed godwit Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae,  Assemblages of international importance; Seven (Non-breeding) Salicion albae) nationally scarce plants and five British Red Data  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non-  1166 Great crested newt Triturus cristatus Book invertebrates breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review:  A048 Tadorna tadorna; Common shelduck (Non- breeding)  A082 Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Non-breeding)  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Non- breeding)  A169 Arenaria interpres; Ruddy turnstone (Non- breeding) Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural qualifying features qualifying features habitats and habitats of qualifying species  The structure and function of the habitats of the  The structure and function of the habitats of the  The structure and function (including typical species) qualifying features qualifying features of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of  The supporting processes on which the habitats of  The supporting processes on which the habitats of qualifying species the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural  The populations of the qualifying features  The populations of the qualifying features habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely  The distribution of the qualifying features within the  The distribution of the qualifying features within the  The populations of the qualifying features site site  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site Condition assessment Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability Stone–curlew are largely reliant on arable land for There is pressure for increased port development and Grazing by sheep/cattle is essential to the maintenance Non-native fauna; Erosion; Industry (unspecified) nesting and are thus vulnerable to disturbance and nest marine recreation in this area. Marine recreation is of habitats. Problems include nutrient deposition from destruction from agricultural operations. A recovery being addressed within the Estuary Management Plan. the atmosphere and adjacent arable land, invasion by project operates to find nests, advise landowners on Port development is being considered by public inquiry. self-sown trees/shrubs, and uncontrolled and their operations which might affect stone-curlews, and Maintenance dredging of the River Stour and River inappropriate recreational activities. In recent decades, to ring chicks. Management agreements are in place to Orwell poses potential threats to the SPA but the scrub and woodland have spread at the expense of the provide nest plots and thus safeguard the population. activity is being addressed through the provisions of the heathland and chalk grassland vegetation due to the Agreements have been extended to cover the coming Habitats Regulations. The saltmarsh is eroding, partly cessation of traditional cutting and grazing two breeding seasons, after which it is hoped that as a result of natural coastal processes; the beneficial management. Management agreements and Higher Level Scheme agreements will be in place. use of dredging’s is taking place to try to combat these particularly Environmentally Sensitive Area payments Stone-curlew, nightjar and woodlark are vulnerable to processes go part of the way towards re-introducing this largely predation from corvids and foxes and to disturbance uneconomic traditional management, and controlling caused by human activity, including dog-walking. In the scrub. Strong populations of rabbits are important in 2005, new public access was introduced on heaths by maintaining the Breckland swards. Local ground water legislation. Safeguards to protect stone-curlew have abstraction has a deleterious impact on the natural been included but the situation will require monitoring to eutrophic lakes, the Breckland meres, and is the determine how successful restrictions have been in subject of active liaison between Natural England and preventing additional disturbance. Breckland the Environment Agency heathlands and acid grasslands supporting stone- curlew, nightjar and woodlark are fragile in terms of the high background levels of air pollution in the area, particularly high nitrogen loads causing undesirable

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Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk RZ Site name Breckland Stour and Orwell Estuaries Breckland Stour and Orwell Estuaries Designation SPA SPA SAC Ramsar habitat changes. Research on this topic is on-going, and measures to export the nutrients off heaths (such as night time sheep folding or topsoil stripping) to counter the effects of pollution are potential management options. There are development pressures on the area, particularly for infrastructure, which requires substantial discussion and mitigation in some cases. This is achieved through Natural England commenting on planning applications and providing input to structural and local plans. Woodlark and nightjar benefit from clear-fell forestry rotational management. The appropriate management is currently taking place in the forests. Collecting of eggs of stone- curlew, and to some extent nightjar and woodlark, is believed to be a serious threat to individual birds and to population size. The loss of eggs to this illegal activity is not known. There is a police-based alert system in place in Breckland to try and reduce this type of crime, and landowners are vigilant Potential effects CWS1 Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Thetford PZ transfer would cross the designated site. Construction is likely to between scheme and the designated site. Likely would cross the designated site. Construction is likely to between scheme and the designated site. Likely result in a change in the extent, structure and function significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. result in a change in the extent and distribution of significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. of habitats of the qualifying features. Qualifying features qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying are subjected to existing disturbance and nest species. Great crested newts are also present and destruction from agricultural activities and are therefore construction could result in adverse changes in the potentially sensitive to additional sources of populations of this qualifying features. disturbance. CWS3 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Sudbury PZ transfer between scheme and the designated site. Likely between scheme and the designated site. Likely between scheme and the designated site. Likely between scheme and the designated site. Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. CWS6 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed RO No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed RO Haverhill water reuse between scheme and the designated site. Likely concentrate will be discharged into Stour Brook at least between scheme and the designated site. Likely concentrate will be discharged into Stour Brook at least significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. 40km upstream of the designated site. Changes in significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. 40km upstream of the designated site. Changes in water quality resulting from the RO concentrate are water quality resulting from the RO concentrate are likely to be reduced through dilution and dispersal over likely to be reduced through dilution over 40km. 40km. Therefore likely significant effects are not Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably reasonably foreseeable. foreseeable. CWS11 Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Fenland RZ transfer would cross the designated site and a tributary of the between scheme and the designated site. Likely would cross the designated site and a tributary of the between scheme and the designated site. Likely River Lark c.9km upstream of the designated site. significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. River Lark c.9km upstream of the designated site. significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. Changes in water quality resulting from the release of Changes in water quality resulting from the release of pollutants during construction if they occur are likely to pollutants during construction if they occur are likely to be minimised by the application of construction best be minimised by the application of construction best practice and reduced through dispersion and dispersal practice and reduced through dispersion and dispersal over 9km. However construction within the designated over 9km. However construction within the designated site is likely to result in a change in the extent, structure site is likely to result in a change in the extent and and function of habitats of the qualifying features. distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of Qualifying features are subjected to existing qualifying species. Great crested newts are also disturbance and nest destruction from agricultural present and construction could result in adverse activities and are therefore potentially sensitive to changes in the populations of this qualifying features. additional sources of disturbance.

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table B.2: East Suffolk RZ Screening Matrix East Suffolk RZ Site name Haisborough, Hammond and Winterton Stour and Orwell Estuaries Stour and Orwell Estuaries Designation SAC SPA Ramsar Qualifying features  1110 Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time  A046a Branta bernicla bernicla; Dark-bellied brent goose (Non-breeding)  Dark-bellied brent goose, Branta bernicla bernicla (Non-breeding)  1170 Reefs  A054 Anas acuta; Northern pintail (Non-breeding)  Northern pintail, Anas acuta (Non-breeding)  1364 Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) (non-qualifying)  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Breeding)  Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola  1351 Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) (non-qualifying).  A141 Pluvialis squatarola; Grey plover (Non-breeding)  Red knot, Calidris canutus islandica  A143 Calidris canutus; Red knot (Non-breeding)  Dunlin, Calidris alpina alpina  A149 Calidris alpina alpina; Dunlin (Non-breeding)  Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa islandica  A156 Limosa limosa islandica; Black-tailed godwit (Non-breeding)  Common redshank, Tringa totanus totanus  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non-breeding)  Assemblages of international importance  Waterbird assemblage  Noteworthy flora and fauna including seven nationally scarce plants and five Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review: British Red Data Book invertebrates  A048 Tadorna tadorna; Common shelduck (Non-breeding)  A082 Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Non-breeding)  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Non-breeding)  A169 Arenaria interpres; Ruddy turnstone (Non-breeding) Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: -  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features qualifying species  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features  The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely habitats and habitats of qualifying species  The populations of the qualifying features  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site  The populations of qualifying species  The distribution of qualifying species within the site Condition assessment Features in 'Favourable' and 'Unfavourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability Operations likely to affect the sandbank habitat are: i) Physical loss by removal There is pressure for increased port development and marine recreation in this  Non-native fauna (aggregate dredging), obstruction (installation of petroleum industry area. Marine recreation is being addressed within the Estuary Management  Erosion infrastructure and submarine cables) or smothering (deposition of oil and gas Plan. Port development is being considered by public inquiry  Industry (unspecified) cuttings piles); ii) Physical damage by changes in suspended sediment Maintenance dredging of the River Stour and River Orwell poses potential (aggregate dredging) or physical disturbance or abrasion (demersal fishing); iii) threats to the SPA but the activity is being addressed through the provisions of Toxic contamination by introduction of synthetic and/or non-synthetic the Habitats Regulations. The saltmarsh is eroding, partly as a result of natural compounds (pollution from oil and gas industry); iv) Non-toxic contamination by coastal processes; the beneficial use of dredging’s is taking place to try to changes in turbidity (aggregate dredging); v) Biological disturbance by selective combat these processes extraction of species (demersal fishing) Operations likely to affect the reef habitat are: i) Physical loss by removal (aggregate dredging), obstruction (installation of petroleum industry infrastructure and submarine cables) or smothering (deposition of oil and gas cuttings piles); ii) Physical damage by changes in suspended sediment (aggregate dredging) or physical disturbance or abrasion (demersal fishing); iii)Toxic contamination by introduction of synthetic and/or non-synthetic compounds (pollution from oil and gas industry); iv) Non- toxic contamination by changes in turbidity (aggregate dredging); v) Biological disturbance by selective extraction of species (demersal fishing) Potential effects ES4 No Likely Significant Effect: Taking into account the spatial separation of the No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and site. No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and site. Felixstowe desalination scheme from the designated site (c. 7km) likely significant effects from dredging, Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. the construction of offshore pipelines and the operational discharge (250-600m from coastline) are not reasonably foreseeable. ES6 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and the No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and site, No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and site, East Suffolk RZ designated site. Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable assuming no hydrological connectivity between the aquifer from which the assuming no hydrological connectivity between the aquifer from which the groundwater development groundwater will be abstracted at Claydon and the River Gipping which feeds groundwater will be abstracted at Claydon and the River Gipping which feeds into the designated site into the designated site

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table B.3: Fenland RZ Screening Matrix Fenland RZ Site name Nene Washes The Wash & North Norfolk Nene Washes Rutland Water The Wash Nene Washes Rutland Water The Wash Coast Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar Qualifying features  S1149. Cobitis taenia;  H1110. Sandbanks which  A037 Cygnus  A005 Podiceps cristatus;  A037 Cygnus  Tundra swan, Cygnus  Gadwall, Anas strepera  Eurasian oystercatcher, Spined loach are slightly covered by columbianus bewickii; Great crested grebe columbianus bewickii; columbianus bewickii strepera Haematopus ostralegus sea water all the time; Bewick's swan (Non- (Non-breeding) Bewick’s swan (Non- (Non-breeding)  Northern shoveler, Anas ostralegus (Non- Sub-tidal sandbanks breeding)  A036 Cygnus olor; Mute breeding)  Black-tailed godwit, clypeata breeding)  H1140. Mudflats and  A050 Anas penelope; swan (Non-breeding)  A040 Anser Limosa limosa islandica  Assemblages of  Grey plover, Pluvialis sandflats not covered by Eurasian wigeon (Non-  A050 Anas penelope; brachyrhynchus; Pink- (Non-breeding) international importance squatarola (Non- seawater at low tide; breeding) Eurasian wigeon (Non- footed goose (Non-  Northern pintail, Anas breeding) Intertidal mudflats and  A051 Anas strepera; breeding) breeding) acuta (Non-breeding)  Red knot, Calidris sandflats Gadwall (Breeding)  A051 Anas strepera;  A046a Branta bernicla An important assemblage of canutus islandica (Non-  H1150. Coastal lagoons  A051 Anas strepera; Gadwall (Non-breeding) bernicla; Dark-bellied nationally rare breeding breeding)  H1160. Large shallow Gadwall (Non-breeding) brent goose (Non- birds. In addition, a wide  Eurasian curlew,  A052 Anas crecca; breeding) inlets and bays  A052 Anas crecca; Eurasian teal (Non- range of raptors occur Numenius arquata  H1170. Reefs Eurasian teal (Non- breeding)  A048 Tadorna tadorna; through the year. The site arquata, (Non-breeding) breeding) Common shelduck (Non- also supports several  Common redshank,  H1310. Salicornia and  A056 Anas clypeata; breeding) nationally scarce plants, other annuals colonising  A054 Anas acuta; Northern shoveler (Non- Tringa totanus totanus  A050 Anas penelope; and two vulnerable and two (Non-breeding) mud and sand; Glasswort Northern pintail (Non- breeding) rare British Red Data Book and other annuals breeding) Eurasian wigeon (Non-  Ruddy turnstone,  A061 Aythya fuligula; breeding) invertebrate species colonising mud and sand  A055 Anas querquedula; Tufted duck (Non- Arenaria interpres  H1330. Atlantic salt Garganey (Breeding) breeding)  A051 Anas strepera; interpres (Non-breeding) Gadwall (Non-breeding) meadows (Glauco-  A056 Anas clypeata;  A067 Bucephala  Pink-footed goose , Anser Puccinellietalia Northern shoveler (Non- clangula; Common  A054 Anas acuta; brachyrhynchus (Non- maritimae) breeding) goldeneye (Non- Northern pintail (Non- breeding) breeding)  H1420. Mediterranean  A056 Anas clypeata; breeding)  Dark-bellied brent goose, and thermo-Atlantic Northern shoveler  A070 Mergus merganser;  A065 Melanitta nigra; Branta bernicla bernicla halophilous scrubs (Breeding) Goosander (Non- Black (common) scoter (Non-breeding) (Sarcocornetea fruticosi); (Non-breeding)  A156a Limosa limosa breeding)  Common shelduck, Mediterranean saltmarsh  A067 Bucephala Tadorna tadorna (Non- scrub limosa; Black-tailed  A125 Fulica atra; godwit (Breeding) Common coot (Non- clangula; Common breeding)  S1355. Lutra lutra; Otter breeding) goldeneye (Non-  Northern pintail, Anas Additional Qualifying breeding)  S1365. Phoca vitulina; Features Identified by the  Waterbird assemblage acuta (Non-breeding) Common seal 2001 UK SPA Review:  A130 Haematopus  Dunlin, Calidris alpina ostralegus; Eurasian alpina (Non-breeding)  A119 Porzana porzana; oystercatcher (Non- Spotted crake (Breeding) breeding)  Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa  A151 Philomachus lapponica lapponica  A141 Pluvialis squatarola; (Non-breeding) pugnax; Ruff (Non- Grey plover (Non- breeding) breeding) Assemblages of international importance;  A151 Philomachus  A143 Calidris canutus; pugnax; Ruff (Breeding) Very extensive saltmarshes, Red knot (Non-breeding) major intertidal banks of  Waterbird assemblage  A144 Calidris alba; sand and mud, shallow Sanderling (Non- water and deep channels breeding)  A149 Calidris alpina alpina; Dunlin (Non- breeding)  A156 Limosa limosa islandica; Black-tailed godwit (Non-breeding)  A157 Limosa lapponica; Bar-tailed godwit (Non- breeding)  A160 Numenius arquata; Eurasian curlew (Non- breeding)  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non- breeding)  A169 Arenaria interpres;

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Fenland RZ Site name Nene Washes The Wash & North Norfolk Nene Washes Rutland Water The Wash Nene Washes Rutland Water The Wash Coast Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar Ruddy turnstone (Non- breeding)  A193 Sterna hirundo; Common tern (Breeding)  A195 Sterna albifrons; Little tern (Breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review:  A038 Cygnus cygnus; Whooper swan (Non- breeding)  A081 Circus aeruginosus; Eurasian marsh harrier (Breeding)  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Non-breeding)  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Non-breeding)  A140 Pluvialis apricaria; European golden plover (Non-breeding) Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, Subject to natural change, Subject to natural change, Subject to natural change, Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: to maintain or restore: to maintain or restore: to maintain or restore: to maintain or restore:  The extent and  The extent and  The extent and  The extent and  The extent and distribution of qualifying distribution of qualifying distribution of the habitats distribution of the habitats distribution of the habitats natural habitats and natural habitats and of the qualifying features of the qualifying features of the qualifying features habitats of qualifying habitats of qualifying  The structure and  The structure and  The structure and species species function of the habitats of function of the habitats of function of the habitats of  The structure and  The structure and the qualifying features the qualifying features the qualifying features function (including typical function (including typical  The supporting processes  The supporting processes  The supporting processes species) of qualifying species) of qualifying on which the habitats of on which the habitats of on which the habitats of natural habitats and natural habitats and the qualifying features the qualifying features the qualifying features habitats of qualifying habitats of qualifying rely rely rely species species  The populations of the  The populations of the  The populations of the  The supporting processes  The supporting processes qualifying features qualifying features qualifying features on which qualifying on which qualifying natural habitats and natural habitats and  The distribution of the The distribution of the  The distribution of the habitats of qualifying habitats of qualifying qualifying features within qualifying features within qualifying features within species rely species rely the site the site the site  The populations of  The populations of qualifying species qualifying species  The distribution of  The distribution of qualifying species within qualifying species within the site the site Condition assessment Majority in 'Unfavourable Favourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Favourable' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Site vulnerability Moreton's Leam is a 14th The Wash and North The continued international The SPA is vulnerable to The biological richness of Vegetation succession; Vegetation succession; Overfishing century dyke which forms Norfolk Coast is one of the importance of this site is pressures from recreation, the Wash is largely Eutrophication Non-native fauna; the southern boundary of most diverse coastal dependent on the nutrient inputs, and dependent on the physical Recreation disturbance; the Nene Washes SSSI. It systems in Britain. This maintenance of a winter changes in water level. The processes that dominate Urban development is fed by water from the diversity is largely flooding regime and a high site is one of the most the natural systems and (unspecified) River Nene via a sluice at dependent on physical but controlled summer popular tourist attractions in consequently the ecological Stanground in processes that dominate water table. The the East Midlands. Fishing, vulnerability is closely linked Peterborough. During winter the natural system; establishment of a water walking water sports and to the physical environment. the entire washes and consequently the level management regime is cycling currently take place The intertidal zone is

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Fenland RZ Site name Nene Washes The Wash & North Norfolk Nene Washes Rutland Water The Wash Nene Washes Rutland Water The Wash Coast Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar Moreton's Leam may take vulnerability of habitats is being addressed through and the reservoir has been vulnerable to coastal flood-water from the Nene. linked to changes in the the Nene Washes zoned to allow this to take squeeze as a result of land- Issues of concern relate to physical environment. The Management Strategy place. Management of the claim, coastal defence water quality, turbidity and intertidal zone is being Group. A Management Plan site for its SPA interests is works, sea-level rise, and sediment. The WLMP threatened from coastal was agreed in 1992 and a currently compatible with storm surges. Intertidal addresses the need to squeeze as a result of land- Water Level Management these recreation uses habitats are potentially maintain sufficient flow claim and coastal defence Plan is currently being except in periods of affected by changes in through the system and has works as well as sea-level drafted. Natural England drawdown. A revised sediment budget caused by been agreed upon by a rise and storm-surges. also has management strategy with Anglian Water dredging and coastal wide range of parties with Changes in the sediment agreements with a number is intended to address this protection, construction of an interest in the Leam. budgets also threaten these of landowners. Wildfowling problem. The reservoir is river training walls and flood Water is abstracted by habitats. At present occurs on all sections of the filled from the River Nene defence works. The site is gravity only and is primarily activities which alter the Washes but is not and the River Welland. In also potentially vulnerable for use as 'wet fences' on sediment characteristics considered to cause the past phosphate levels to gas exploration. Activities the Nene Washes SSSI and include dredging and significant disturbance at have led to algal blooms. affecting sediment budget for Bassenhally Pit SSSI. A coastal protection works. current levels. Any Although these have and anthropogenic causes fishing-lake at Whittlesey Current management is proposals for increased currently had little visible of coastal squeeze will be also abstracts water. underway to address wildfowling will be regulated effects on the wildfowl, addressed through the Abstraction from the Nene concerns over declines in through the Habitat continued eutrophication management scheme being by Anglia Water for Rutland shellfisheries. The area Regulations could lead to an algal developed jointly for the Water is believed to be supports internationally dominated system that may SAC/SPA on this site. The under review at present, but important seal populations reduce the value of the area estuary is fed by four large no formal applications have that are vulnerable to for both plant feeding and rivers which drain a been received although disturbance and disruption invertebrate feeding substantial area of Eastern further abstraction has been of the marine ecosystem wildfowl. Phosphate inputs England. The volume and the subject of assessment. upon which they depend. are being tackled through quality of water entering the Water quality is of concern. Such issues should be implementation of the Wash is dependent on the During the summer, flows in addressed through the Urban Waste Water use made of these rivers for the Nene are occasionally Marine Scheme of Treatment Directive in the water abstraction and maintained only through Management Nene catchment which agricultural, and domestic treated sewage effluent, contributes the major effluents. Discharge with raised levels of phosphate load to the consents and abstraction phosphate in particular. reservoir. If necessary, licenses will be reviewed Flag Fen Sewage monitoring will be under the provisions of the Treatment Works at introduced to show if the Habitats Regulations. There Peterborough will be reduction in phosphate level are two Air Weapons covered by the Urban is adequate and to Ranges within the site; Waste Water Directive, but investigate the contribution activities on these ranges effluents from other smaller of agricultural sources to are covered by a works should also be kept this problem. . Increased Memorandum of under strict review. A case abstraction in the summer Understanding between the could be submitted to up to the current licensed Ministry of Defence and OFWAT and the Water limit may cause further and Department of the Industries AMP 4 more extensive periods of Environment, a Declaration Programme to strip drawdown which can effect of Intent between the phosphates from all populations of invertebrates Ministry of Defence and relevant sewage works in on which some species Natural England and by Site the system. Large-scale depend, whilst rapid filling Management Statements mineral extraction, such as can render other food with Natural England. There present proposals at sources unavailable for is a Nature Conservation Bradley Fen, could affect dabbling ducks. Drawdown Management Plan and the site by underground may also increase Management Committee for seepage, increased turbidity disturbance through one of the ranges. These from washings etc. Angling recreation uses. These issues have been is widely practised in the issues will be tackled addressed in the Wash Leam and could affect local through discussions with Estuary Management Plan populations Anglian Water and the and by Local Environment Environment Agency Agency Plans and will be extended through the Marine Scheme of Management which is now in progress Potential effects F1 No Likely Significant Likely Significant Effect: No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Likely Significant Effect: No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Likely Significant Effect: Kings Lynn and Wisbech Effect: No pathway The proposed scheme has Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway The proposed scheme has Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway The proposed scheme has

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Fenland RZ Site name Nene Washes The Wash & North Norfolk Nene Washes Rutland Water The Wash Nene Washes Rutland Water The Wash Coast Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar water reuse identified between scheme the potential to reduce flows identified between scheme identified between scheme the potential to reduce flows identified between scheme identified between scheme the potential to reduce flows and the designated site. in the River Nene and the and the designated site. and the designated site. in the River Nene and the and the designated site. and the designated site. in the River Nene and the Likely significant effects are River Great Ouse by Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are River Great Ouse by Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are River Great Ouse by not reasonably foreseeable reusing water from Kings not reasonably foreseeable not reasonably foreseeable reusing water from Kings not reasonably foreseeable not reasonably foreseeable reusing water from Kings Lynn STW, Downham Lynn STW, Downham Lynn STW, Downham Market STW and West Market STW and West Market STW and West Alton STW. Reduction in Alton STW. Reduction in Alton STW. Reduction in river flows has the potential river flows has the potential river flows has the potential to alter the quantity of to alter the quantity of to alter the quantity of sediment transported into sediment transported into sediment transported into the designated site. the designated site. The the designated site. Qualifying features and the habitats that support Qualifying features and the habitats that support qualifying features are habitats that support qualifying features are vulnerable and threatened qualifying features are vulnerable and threatened by changes in the sediment vulnerable and threatened by changes in the sediment budgets by changes in the sediment budgets budgets F2 No Likely Significant Likely Significant Effect: No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Likely Significant Effect: No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Likely Significant Effect: Kings Lynn desalination Effect: No pathway The proposed desalination Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway The proposed desalination Effect: No pathway Effect: No pathway The proposed desalination identified between scheme plant and pipeline routes identified between scheme identified between scheme plant and pipeline routes identified between scheme identified between scheme plant and pipeline routes and the designated site. would be outside the and the designated site. and the designated site. would be outside the and the designated site. and the designated site. would be outside the Likely significant effects are designated site Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are designated site Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are designated site not reasonably foreseeable However, there is potential not reasonably foreseeable not reasonably foreseeable However, there is potential not reasonably foreseeable not reasonably foreseeable However, there is potential to reduce flows in the River to reduce flows in the River to reduce flows in the River Great Ouse. Reduction in Great Ouse. Reduction in Great Ouse. Reduction in river flows has the potential river flows has the potential river flows has the potential to alter the quantity and to alter the quantity and to alter the quantity and type of sediment type of sediment type of sediment transported into the transported into the transported into the designated site. Qualifying designated site. Qualifying designated site. Qualifying features and the habitats features and the habitats features and the habitats that support qualifying that support qualifying that support qualifying features are vulnerable and features are vulnerable and features are vulnerable and threatened by changes in threatened by changes in threatened by changes in the sediment budgets the sediment budgets the sediment budgets Brine will be discharged at Brine will be discharged at Brine will be discharged at the existing Kings Lynn the existing Kings Lynn the existing Kings Lynn STW but there is potential STW but there is potential STW but there is potential for changes in water quality for changes in water quality for changes in water quality to alter the distribution of to alter the distribution of to alter the distribution of qualifying species within the qualifying species within the qualifying species within the site site site F5 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Ruthamford North RZ Effect: Water transfer will Effect: No pathway Effect: Water transfer will Effect: Water transfer from Effect: No pathway Effect: Water transfer will Effect: Water transfer from Effect: No pathway transfer (25 Ml/d) be within existing consent identified between scheme be within existing consent Wing which is fed by identified between scheme be within existing consent Wing which is fed by identified between scheme limits and the pipeline will and the designated site. limits and the pipeline will Rutland Water will be within and the designated site. limits and the pipeline will Rutland Water will be within and the designated site. be constructed outside of Likely significant effects are be constructed outside of existing consent limits. Likely significant effects are be constructed outside of existing consent limits. Likely significant effects are the designated site (c.1 km not reasonably foreseeable the designated site (c.1 km Furthermore mitigation not reasonably foreseeable the designated site (c.1 km Furthermore mitigation not reasonably foreseeable away), likely significant away), likely significant measures have been away), likely significant measures have been effects are not reasonably effects are not reasonably carried out with the effects are not reasonably carried out with the foreseeable foreseeable construction of new lagoons foreseeable construction of new lagoons to avoid impacts from a to avoid impacts from a further decrease in the further decrease in the reservoir water levels due to reservoir water levels due to increased abstraction. increased abstraction. Likely significant effects are Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. not reasonably foreseeable.

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table B.4: Hunstanton RZ Screening Matrix Hunstanton RZ Site name The Wash & North Norfolk Coast The Wash The Wash Designation SAC SPA Ramsar Qualifying features  H1110. Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the  A037 Cygnus columbianus bewickii; Bewick’s swan (Non-breeding)  Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus ostralegus (Non- time; Sub-tidal sandbanks  A040 Anser brachyrhynchus; Pink-footed goose (Non-breeding) breeding)  H1140. Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide;  A046a Branta bernicla bernicla; Dark-bellied brent goose (Non-  Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola (Non-breeding) Intertidal mudflats and sandflats breeding)  Red knot, Calidris canutus islandica (Non-breeding)  H1150. Coastal lagoons  A048 Tadorna tadorna; Common shelduck (Non-breeding)  Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata arquata (Non-breeding)  H1160. Large shallow inlets and bays  A050 Anas penelope; Eurasian wigeon (Non-breeding)  Common redshank, Tringa totanus totanus (Non-breeding)  H1170. Reefs  A051 Anas strepera; Gadwall (Non-breeding)  Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres interpres (Non-breeding)  H1310. Salicornia and other annuals colonising mud and sand;  A054 Anas acuta; Northern pintail (Non-breeding)  Pink-footed goose, Anser brachyrhynchus (Non-breeding) Glasswort and other annuals colonising mud and sand  A065 Melanitta nigra; Black (common) scoter (Non-breeding)  Dark-bellied brent goose, Branta bernicla bernicla (Non-breeding)  H1330. Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae)  A067 Bucephala clangula; Common goldeneye (Non-breeding)  Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna (Non-breeding)  H1420. Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi); Mediterranean saltmarsh scrub  A130 Haematopus ostralegus; Eurasian oystercatcher (Non-  Northern pintail, Anas acuta (Non-breeding) breeding)  S1355. Lutra lutra; Otter  Dunlin, Calidris alpina alpina (Non-breeding)  A141 Pluvialis squatarola; Grey plover (Non-breeding)  S1365. Phoca vitulina; Common seal  Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica lapponica (Non-breeding)  A143 Calidris canutus; Red knot (Non-breeding) Assemblages of international importance; Very extensive saltmarshes,  A144 Calidris alba; Sanderling (Non-breeding) major intertidal banks of sand and mud, shallow water and deep  A149 Calidris alpina alpina; Dunlin (Non-breeding) channels  A156 Limosa limosa islandica; Black-tailed godwit (Non-breeding)  A157 Limosa lapponica; Bar-tailed godwit (Non-breeding)  A160 Numenius arquata; Eurasian curlew (Non-breeding)  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non-breeding)  A169 Arenaria interpres; Ruddy turnstone (Non-breeding)  A193 Sterna hirundo; Common tern (Breeding)  A195 Sterna albifrons; Little tern (Breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review:  A038 Cygnus cygnus; Whooper swan (Non-breeding)  A081 Circus aeruginosus; Eurasian marsh harrier (Breeding)  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Non-breeding)  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Non-breeding)  A140 Pluvialis apricaria; European golden plover (Non-breeding) Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features of qualifying species  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features  The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species features rely  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and  The populations of the qualifying features habitats of qualifying species rely  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site  The populations of qualifying species  The distribution of qualifying species within the site Condition assessment Favourable Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability The Wash and North Norfolk Coast is one of the most diverse coastal The biological richness of the Wash is largely dependent on the Overfishing systems in Britain. This diversity is largely dependent on physical physical processes that dominate the natural systems and processes that dominate the natural system; consequently the consequently the ecological vulnerability is closely linked to the vulnerability of habitats is linked to changes in the physical physical environment. The intertidal zone is vulnerable to coastal environment. The intertidal zone is being threatened from coastal squeeze as a result of land-claim, coastal defence works, sea-level squeeze as a result of land-claim and coastal defence works as well as rise, and storm surges. Intertidal habitats are potentially affected by sea-level rise and storm-surges. Changes in the sediment budgets changes in sediment budget caused by dredging and coastal also threaten these habitats. At present activities which alter the protection, construction of river training walls and flood defence works. sediment characteristics include dredging and coastal protection The site is also potentially vulnerable to gas exploration. Activities works. Current management is underway to address concerns over affecting sediment budget and anthropogenic causes of coastal declines in shellfisheries. The area supports internationally important squeeze will be addressed through the management scheme being seal populations that are vulnerable to disturbance and disruption of developed jointly for the SAC/SPA on this site. The estuary is fed by

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Hunstanton RZ Site name The Wash & North Norfolk Coast The Wash The Wash Designation SAC SPA Ramsar the marine ecosystem upon which they depend. Such issues should be four large rivers which drain a substantial area of Eastern England. The addressed through the Marine Scheme of Management volume and quality of water entering the Wash is dependent on the use made of these rivers for water abstraction and agricultural, and domestic effluents. Discharge consents and abstraction licenses will be reviewed under the provisions of the Habitats Regulations. There are two Air Weapons Ranges within the site; activities on these ranges are covered by a Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Defence and Department of the Environment, a Declaration of Intent between the Ministry of Defence and Natural England and by Site Management Statements with Natural England. There is a Nature Conservation Management Plan and Management Committee for one of the ranges. These issues have been addressed in the Wash Estuary Management Plan and by Local Environment Agency Plans and will be extended through the Marine Scheme of Management which is now in progress Potential effects H2 Likely Significant Effect: The proposed scheme is likely to reduce Likely Significant Effect: The proposed scheme is likely to reduce Likely Significant Effect: The proposed scheme is likely to reduce Heacham water reuse discharge water volumes into the River Heacham which is discharge water volumes into the River Heacham which is discharge water volumes into the River Heacham which is hydrologically connected to the designated site although this is not hydrologically connected to the designated site although this is not hydrologically connected to the designated site although this is not considered to be significant when compared with the size of the considered to be significant when compared with the size of the considered to be significant when compared with the size of the designated site. Potential water quality changes related to the chemical designated site. Potential water quality changes related to the chemical designated site. Potential water quality changes related to the chemical concentrations in the RO concentrate are unknown and have the concentrations in the RO concentrate are unknown and have the concentrations in the RO concentrate are unknown and have the potential to change the extent and distribution of qualifying natural potential to change the extent and distribution of qualifying natural potential to change the extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species and/or the distribution of habitats and habitats of qualifying species and/or the distribution of habitats and habitats of qualifying species and/or the distribution of qualifying species within the site. qualifying species within the site. qualifying species within the site. H3 Likely Significant Effect: The proposed scheme is likely to reduce Likely Significant Effect: The proposed scheme is likely to reduce Likely Significant Effect: The proposed scheme is likely to reduce Wash desalination discharge water volumes into the River Heacham which is discharge water volumes into the River Heacham which is discharge water volumes into the River Heacham which is hydrologically connected to the designated site although this is not hydrologically connected to the designated site although this is not hydrologically connected to the designated site although this is not considered to be significant when compared with the size of the considered to be significant when compared with the size of the considered to be significant when compared with the size of the designated site. Potential water quality changes related to the chemical designated site. Potential water quality changes related to the chemical designated site. Potential water quality changes related to the chemical concentrations in the RO concentrate are unknown and have the concentrations in the RO concentrate are unknown and have the concentrations in the RO concentrate are unknown and have the potential to interrupt the supporting processes on which qualifying potential to interrupt the supporting processes on which the habitats of potential to interrupt the supporting processes on which the qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely the qualifying features rely natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely H4 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between the No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between the No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between the Hunstanton RZ groundwater development scheme and site; assuming the aquifer is not hydrologically connected scheme and site; assuming the aquifer is not hydrologically connected scheme and site; assuming the aquifer is not hydrologically connected to the designated site to the designated site to the designated site

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table B.5: Norwich and the Broads RZ Screening Matrix Norwich and the Broads RZ Site name Haisborough, Hammond Paston Great Barn River Wensum The Broads Breydon Water Broadland Breydon Water Broadland and Winterton Designation SAC SAC SAC SAC SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Qualifying features  1110 Sandbanks which  S1308. Barbastella  H3260. Water courses of  H3140. Hard oligo-  A037 Cygnus columbianus  A021 Botaurus stellaris;  Tundra swan, Cygnus  Tundra swan, Cygnus are slightly covered by sea barbastellus; Barbastelle plain to montane levels mesotrophic waters with bewickii; Bewick’s swan Great bittern (Breeding) columbianus bewickii columbianus bewickii water all the time bat with the Ranunculion benthic vegetation of (Non-breeding)  A037 Cygnus columbianus (Non-breeding) (Non-breeding)  1170 Reefs fluitantis and Callitricho- Chara spp.; Calcium-rich  A132 Recurvirostra bewickii; Bewick’s swan  Northern lapwing ,  Eurasian wigeon, Anas Batrachion vegetation; nutrient-poor lakes, lochs  1364 Grey seal avosetta; Pied avocet (Non-breeding) Vanellus vanellus (Non- penelope (Non-breeding) Rivers with floating and pools (Non-breeding) breeding) (Halichoerus grypus) (non- vegetation often  A038 Cygnus cygnus;  Gadwall, Anas strepera qualifying)  H3150. Natural eutrophic  A140 Pluvialis apricaria; Whooper swan (Non-  Pink-footed goose, Anser strepera (Non-breeding) dominated by water- lakes with Magnopotamion  1351 Harbour Porpoise crowfoot European golden plover breeding) brachyrhynchus (Non-  Northern shoveler, Anas or Hydrocharition-type (Non-breeding) breeding) (Phocoena phocoena)  S1016. Vertigo vegetation; Naturally  A050 Anas penelope; clypeata (Non-breeding) (non-qualifying) moulinsiana; Desmoulin`s nutrient-rich lakes or lochs  A142 Vanellus vanellus; Eurasian wigeon (Non-  Eurasian wigeon, Anas  Pink-footed goose, Anser whorl snail which are often dominated Northern lapwing (Non- breeding) penelope (Non-breeding) brachyrhynchus (Non- breeding)  S1092. Austropotamobius by pondweed  A051 Anas strepera;  Northern shoveler, Anas breeding) pallipes; White-clawed (or  H6410. Molinia meadows  A151 Philomachus Gadwall (Non-breeding) clypeata (Non-breeding)  Greylag goose, Anser Atlantic stream) crayfish on calcareous, peaty or pugnax; Ruff (Non-  A056 Anas clypeata;  European golden plover, anser anser (Non- breeding)  S1096. Lampetra planeri; clayey-silt-laden soils Northern shoveler (Non- Pluvialis apricaria breeding) (Molinion caeruleae); Brook lamprey  A193 Sterna hirundo; breeding) apricaria, P. a. altifrons  H7210 Calcareous fens Purple moor-grass Common tern (Breeding)  A081 Circus aeruginosus; (Non-breeding) with Cladium mariscus and  S1163. Cottus gobio; meadows Bullhead  Waterbird assemblage Eurasian marsh harrier  Black-tailed godwit, species of the Caricion  H7140. Transition mires (Breeding) Limosa limosa islandica davallianae Calcium-rich and quaking bogs; Very  A082 Circus cyaneus; Hen (Non-breeding) fen dominated by great fen wet mires often identified harrier (Non-breeding)  Assemblages of sedge (saw sedge) by an unstable `quaking` international importance  H7230 Alkaline fens surface  A151 Philomachus pugnax; Ruff (Non- (Non-breeding) Calcium-rich springwater-  H7210. Calcareous fens breeding) fed fens with Cladium mariscus and  H91E0 Alluvial forests with species of the Caricion Additional Qualifying Alnus glutinosa and davallianae; Calcium-rich Features Identified by the Fraxinus excelsior (Alno- fen dominated by great fen 2001 UK SPA Review: Padion, Alnion incanae, sedge (saw sedge)*  A021 Botaurus stellaris; Salicion albae)  H7230. Alkaline fens; Great bittern (Non-  Alder woodland on Calcium-rich springwater- breeding) floodplains fed fens  A040 Anser  S1016 Vertigo moulinsiana  H91E0. Alluvial forests brachyrhynchus; Pink- Desmoulin`s whorl snail with Alnus glutinosa and footed goose (Non- Fraxinus excelsior (Alno- breeding)  S1355 Lutra lutra Otter Padion, Alnion incanae,  Waterbird assemblage  S1903 Liparis loeselii Fen Salicion albae); Alder orchid woodland on floodplains*  Outstanding assemblages  S1016. Vertigo of rare plants and moulinsiana; Desmoulin`s invertebrates including whorl snail nine British Red Data  S1355. Lutra lutra; Otter Book plants and 136 British Red Data Book  S1903. Liparis loeselii; invertebrates Fen orchid  S4056. Anisus vorticulus; Little whorlpool ram's-horn snail Conservation Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to objectives maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural of qualifying natural of qualifying natural of qualifying natural of the habitats of the of the habitats of the habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of qualifying features qualifying features qualifying species qualifying species qualifying species qualifying species  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function of the habitats of the of the habitats of the (including typical species) (including typical species) (including typical species) (including typical species) qualifying features qualifying features of qualifying natural of qualifying natural of qualifying natural of qualifying natural  The supporting processes  The supporting processes habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of on which the habitats of on which the habitats of qualifying species qualifying species qualifying species qualifying species the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Norwich and the Broads RZ Site name Haisborough, Hammond Paston Great Barn River Wensum The Broads Breydon Water Broadland Breydon Water Broadland and Winterton Designation SAC SAC SAC SAC SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar  The supporting processes  The supporting processes  The supporting processes  The supporting processes  The populations of the  The populations of the on which qualifying natural on which qualifying natural on which qualifying natural on which qualifying natural qualifying features qualifying features habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of  The distribution of the  The distribution of the qualifying species rely qualifying species rely qualifying species rely qualifying species rely qualifying features within qualifying features within  The populations of  The populations of  The populations of  The populations of the site the site qualifying species qualifying species qualifying species qualifying species  The distribution of  The distribution of  The distribution of  The distribution of qualifying species within qualifying species within qualifying species within qualifying species within the site the site the site the site Condition Features 'Favourable' and Favourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Unfavourable assessment 'Unfavourable' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Site vulnerability Operations likely to affect the Barbastelles are considered A stepped profile, with The site has suffered from The Breydon Water estuary The site has suffered from Agricultural Eutrophication; Water sandbank habitat are: i) to be sensitive to disturbance alternating fast- and slow- management neglect and is a robust ecosystem, the management neglect and drainage/reclamation; diversion; Recreation Physical loss by removal throughout their range. moving reaches, was natural succession during most sensitive feature being natural succession during Persistent drought disturbance (unspecified); (aggregate dredging), Paston Great Barn is used imposed on the river with the the 20th century. This is the high tide roost at its this century. This is slowly Drainage/reclamation: obstruction (installation of by a maternity colony construction of water-mills. slowly being reversed northern end. However being reversed via (unspecified); Non-native petroleum industry between May and Habitat diversity has been through conservation and efficient drainage, recent conservation and other fauna infrastructure and submarine September, but their reduced by the modification other management works droughts and poor water management works cables) or smothering whereabouts at other times of the channel form. The undertaken by a number of management systems have undertaken through a (deposition of oil and gas is not known. They roost in input of silt and agricultural bodies. Climate change is adversely affected the wet number of bodies. Sea level cuttings piles); ii) Physical the main barn, but also chemicals as a result of increasing saline intrusion grassland part of the site rise and reduced summer damage by changes in utilise some of the arable farming practices are into the site. The (Halvergate Marshes). A flows in the river Bure suspended sediment outbuildings when entering a concern and the reversion Environment Agency, Broads Water Level Management brought about by abstraction (aggregate dredging) or and leaving. The Great Barn of arable fields to low-input Authority and Natural Plan and a feasibility study to are resulting in increasing physical disturbance or is a medieval building which grassland should be England are working overcome the water resource saline intrusion into the site abrasion (demersal fishing); is scheduled as an ancient encouraged. A strategy together to make the site problems have been and generally drier summer iii) Toxic contamination by monument. There are should be devised for silt more robust to such impacts. completed, and it is hoped conditions. The Environment introduction of synthetic proposals to develop part of management in the river and The site also suffers from that a scheme will Agency, Broads Authority and/or non-synthetic the outbuildings as a catchment to minimise eutrophication caused by commence shortly with and Natural England are compounds (pollution from visitor/exhibition centre. disturbance to the channel release of nutrients from the MAFF support. The proceeding with a project, to oil and gas industry); iv) Natural England considers a and bankside. Further sediment (historically Environmentally Sensitive investigate options to Non-toxic contamination by sympathetic development development on the flood deposited by sewage Area scheme has helped to remedy this situation. The changes in turbidity with legally binding plain might alter the flow outfalls) and diffuse water raise water levels and site also suffers from (aggregate dredging); iv) safeguards to reduce regime of the river. More pollution from a variety of encouraged sensitive eutrophication, brought Non-toxic contamination by disturbance to a minimum a detailed studies on sources. All main sewage management, particularly of through the build-up of changes in turbidity sustainable approach to groundwater resources works in the northern rivers the ditches. Appropriate nutrients over a long period, (aggregate dredging); v) maintaining the building, and should be carried out so as are now phosphorus standards of flood defence primarily through sewage Biological disturbance by therefore the roost site. This to determine suitable flow stripping and there is a are required for the wet outfalls and, to a lesser selective extraction of approach will also provide objectives to ensure that the programme of mud-pumping grassland part of the site, degree, agriculture. Some of species (demersal fishing) on-site security. The Great river's ecology is not to remove the historic works are currently the sewage works are now Operations likely to affect the Barn will not be used at all threatened by water nutrient burden from lakes. underway via the stripping phosphorus and reef habitat are: Physical during the breeding season abstraction. A holistic Diffuse Water Pollution Environment Agency Broads there is a programme of mud loss by removal (aggregate strategy is needed to identify (DWP) Plans have been Strategy. Breydon Water and pumping to remove enriched dredging), obstruction further mechanisms for the drawn up between the its hinterland lie within the material from lakes. The (installation of petroleum control of eutrophication. Any Environment Agency and Broads, one of the family of region as a whole is a centre industry infrastructure and increase in the distribution of Natural England to identify National Parks. As such, it is for tourism and recreation, submarine cables) or Pacifastacus leniusculus and address the problems of largely free from however this pressure is now smothering (deposition of oil within the catchment would diffuse water pollution. development pressures. starting to be brought under and gas cuttings piles); ii) threaten the long term Pressure from tourism and Future pressure for control by the Broads Physical damage by viability of Austropotamobius recreation is now being development may arise Authority via the Broads changes in suspended pallipes. Populations of considered by the Broads around the site, associated Plan. Efficient drainage sediment (aggregate Lampetra planeri and Cottus Authority through the Broads with Great Yarmouth, but within much of the reclaimed dredging) or physical gobio are dependent on the Plan. Water Level regulation of such plans is parts of the wetland has disturbance or abrasion maintenance of riffle habitats Management Plans and covered by the Habitats reduced the wildlife value. (demersal fishing); iii) Toxic and might also be vulnerable Environmental Stewardship Regulations 1994 Water Level Management contamination by to the introduction of non- schemes are starting to raise Plans and the ESA scheme introduction of synthetic native fish species. water levels, revert arable are starting to raise water and/or non-synthetic Populations of Vertigo areas back to grass and levels, revert arable areas compounds (pollution from moulinsiana are susceptible encourage sensitive back to grass and encourage oil and gas industry); iv) to interference with the management, particularly of sensitive management, Non-toxic contamination by emergent bank-side the ditches, to address particularly of the ditches. changes in turbidity vegetation in which they problems brought about by Flood defence works are (aggregate dredging); v) occur drainage in the past. carried out in accordance Appropriate standards of with the Environmental

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Norwich and the Broads RZ Site name Haisborough, Hammond Paston Great Barn River Wensum The Broads Breydon Water Broadland Breydon Water Broadland and Winterton Designation SAC SAC SAC SAC SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Biological disturbance by flood defence are necessary Agency Broads Strategy selective extraction of for the wetland and works species (demersal fishing) are currently proceeding under the Environment Agency’s Broadland Flood Alleviation Project and Coastal Protection Strategy Potential effects NB1/NB12 Likely significant effect: Likely significant effect: No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Bacton desalination The exact location of the The exact location of the Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified proposed outfall is unknown scheme is unknown but its between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the therefore the extent and proximity to the designated designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely distribution of qualifying site (c. 8 km) is within likely significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not natural habitats and habitats foraging area of qualifying reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable of qualifying species could species be affected by, and are vulnerable to, dredging during pipeline construction and contamination from operational brine discharge NB3 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Likely Significant Effect: Likely Significant Effect: Likely Significant Effect: Likely Significant Effect: Likely Significant Effect: Cantley desalination Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Construction of the proposed Brine discharge location Construction of the proposed Brine discharge location Construction of the proposed between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the pipeline within the hydrologically connected to pipeline within the hydrologically connected to pipeline within the designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site is likely to designated site and therefore designated site is likely to designated site and therefore designated site is likely to significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not lead to temporary habitat potential changes in water lead to temporary habitat potential changes in water lead to temporary habitat reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable loss and, if unmitigated, quality could result in loss and, if unmitigated, quality could result in change loss and, if unmitigated, disturbance of qualifying changes in distribution of the disturbance of qualifying s in distribution of the disturbance of qualifying features. The intake point at qualifying features within the features. The intake point at qualifying features within the features. The intake point at Cantley is located upstream site. Construction of the Cantley is located upstream site. Construction of the Cantley is located upstream of the designated site. proposed outfall is likely to of the designated site. proposed outfall is likely to of the designated site. Qualifying features are lead to disturbance of Qualifying features are lead to disturbance of Qualifying features are vulnerable to disturbance qualifying features. The vulnerable to disturbance qualifying features. The vulnerable to disturbance and changes in water levels intake point at Cantley is and changes in water levels intake point at Cantley is and changes in water levels located upstream of the located upstream of the designated site, the habitats designated site, the habitats that support the qualifying that support the qualifying features are vulnerable to features are vulnerable to changes in water levels changes in water levels NB4 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Likely Significant Effect: No Likely Significant Likely Significant Effect: Lowestoft water reuse Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: The proposed Effect: No significant Effect: No pathway identified No significant changes in Effect: No pathway identified No significant changes in between scheme and the between scheme and the pipeline between Lowestoft changes in river flows are between scheme and the river flows are predicted between scheme and the river flows are predicted designated site. Likely designated site. Likely WTW and Hellesdon runs predicted upstream of the designated site. Likely upstream of the designated designated site. Likely upstream of the designated significant effects are not significant effects are not along the River Wensum designated site and the significant effects are not site and the proposed significant effects are not site and the proposed reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable downstream of the proposed discharge from reasonably foreseeable discharge from Lowestoft reasonably foreseeable discharge from Lowestoft designated site. Likely Lowestoft WTW is up to WTW is up to drinking WTW is up to drinking significant effects are not drinking standards. The standards. The proposed standards. The proposed reasonably foreseeable proposed pipeline between pipeline between Lowestoft pipeline between Lowestoft Lowestoft WTW and WTW and Hellesdon passes WTW and Hellesdon passes Hellesdon passes within 500 within 500m of the within 500m of the m of the designated site designated site and the designated site and the although the qualifying qualifying features are qualifying features are features are not vulnerable vulnerable to disturbance vulnerable to disturbance to disturbance NB5 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Norwich storage Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: The proposed option Effect: This option would not Effect: No pathway identified Effect: This option would not Effect: No pathway identified Effect: This option would not between scheme and the between scheme and the eliminates the need for change the overall flows between scheme and the change the overall flows between scheme and the change the overall flows designated site. Likely designated site. Likely abstraction from the Norwich downstream of the Norwich designated site. Likely downstream of the Norwich designated site. Likely downstream of the Norwich significant effects are not significant effects are not intake and the proposed WTW intake as it is designed significant effects are not WTW intake as it is designed significant effects are not WTW intake as it is designed reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable intake and discharge from to compensate for the reasonably foreseeable to compensate for the reasonably foreseeable to compensate for the the new storage would be cessation of abstraction at cessation of abstraction at cessation of abstraction at downstream of the SAC, and Norwich Pits. Likely Norwich Pits. Likely Norwich Pits. Likely therefore likely significant significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not effects are not reasonably reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Norwich and the Broads RZ Site name Haisborough, Hammond Paston Great Barn River Wensum The Broads Breydon Water Broadland Breydon Water Broadland and Winterton Designation SAC SAC SAC SAC SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar foreseeable from changes in flows. The proposed pipeline crosses the River Wensum downstream of the designated site. No pathway identified between scheme and the designated site. Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable NB6 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Effect No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Direct intake with pre- Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: This option aims to Effect: This option would not Effect: No pathway identified This option would not Effect: No pathway identified Effect: This option would not treatment plant between scheme and the between scheme and the use the Norwich WTW intake change the overall flows between scheme and the change the overall flows between scheme and the change the overall flows designated site. Likely designated site. Likely in Norwich as the primary downstream of the Norwich designated site. Likely downstream of the Norwich designated site. Likely downstream of the Norwich significant effects are not significant effects are not means of supply with no WTW intake as it is designed significant effects are not WTW intake as it is designed significant effects are not WTW intake as it is designed reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable need for bankside storage to compensate for the reasonably foreseeable to compensate for the reasonably foreseeable to compensate for the and avoiding abstraction at cessation of abstraction at cessation of abstraction at cessation of abstraction at Norwich Pits. Therefore no Norwich Pits. Likely Norwich Pits. Likely Norwich Pits. Likely changes in flows are significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not expected that could affect reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable the SAC. However in the event of an outage at Norwich WTW it is possible that Norwich Pits might need to be used for a short period of time (up to two days). A study has been carried out to identify the possible impacts on qualifying features and it was concluded that no significant impacts are expected due to a reduction in water levels NB7 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Effect No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Norwich intake with Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified This option aims to use the Effect: This option would not Effect: No pathway identified Effect: This option would not Effect: No pathway identified Effect: This option would not lining existing between scheme and the between scheme and the Norwich WTW intake in change the overall flows between scheme and the change the overall flows between scheme and the change the overall flows bankside storage designated site. Likely designated site. Likely Norwich as the primary downstream of the Norwich designated site. Likely downstream of the Norwich designated site. Likely downstream of the Norwich significant effects are not significant effects are not means of supply with no WTW intake as it is designed significant effects are not WTW intake as it is designed significant effects are not WTW intake as it is designed reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable need for bankside storage to compensate for the reasonably foreseeable to compensate for the reasonably foreseeable to compensate for the and avoiding abstraction at cessation of abstraction at cessation of abstraction at cessation of abstraction at Norwich Pits. Therefore no Norwich Pits. Likely Norwich Pits. Likely Norwich Pits. Likely changes in flows are significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not expected that could affect reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable the SAC. However, in the event of an outage at Norwich WTW it is possible that Norwich Pits might need to be used for a short period of time (up to two days). A study has been carried out to identify the possible impacts on qualifying features and it was concluded that no significant impacts are expected due to a reduction in water levels This option proposes to use the storage at Norwich Pits, for this reason No Likely Significant effects are expected provided that there is no connectivity between the pits and the River Wensum which this option will ensure by the lining of

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Norwich and the Broads RZ Site name Haisborough, Hammond Paston Great Barn River Wensum The Broads Breydon Water Broadland Breydon Water Broadland and Winterton Designation SAC SAC SAC SAC SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar the pits NB8 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Norwich intake with Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: This option aims to Effect: This option would not Effect: No pathway identified Effect: This option would not Effect: No pathway identified Effect: This option would not new bankside storage between scheme and the between scheme and the use the Norwich WTW intake change the overall flows between scheme and the change the overall flows between scheme and the change the overall flows designated site. Likely designated site. Likely in Norwich as the primary downstream of the Norwich designated site. Likely downstream of the Norwich designated site. Likely downstream of the Norwich significant effects are not significant effects are not means of supply and WTW intake as it is designed significant effects are not WTW intake as it is designed significant effects are not WTW intake as it is designed reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable avoiding abstraction at to compensate for the reasonably foreseeable to compensate for the reasonably foreseeable to compensate for the Norwich Pits. Therefore no cessation of abstraction at cessation of abstraction at cessation of abstraction at changes in flows are Norwich Pits. Likely Norwich Pits. Likely Norwich Pits. Likely expected that could affect significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not the SAC. However in the reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable event of an outage at Norwich WTW it is possible that Norwich Pits might need to be used for a short period of time (up to two days). A study has been carried out to identify the possible impacts on qualifying features and it was concluded that no significant impacts are expected due to a reduction in water levels

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table B.6: Ruthamford North RZ Screening Matrix Ruthamford North RZ Site name Nene Washes Portholme Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Pits Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar Qualifying features  S1149. Cobitis taenia;  H6510. Lowland hay  A037 Cygnus columbianus  A005 Podiceps cristatus;  A021 Botaurus stellaris;  Tundra swan, Cygnus  Gadwall, Anas strepera  Mute swan, Cygnus olor Spined loach meadows (Alopecurus bewickii; Bewick's swan Great crested grebe (Non- Great bittern (Non- columbianus bewickii strepera (Non-breeding) pratensis, Sanguisorba (Non-breeding) breeding) breeding) (Non-breeding)  Northern shoveler, Anas  Gadwall, Anas strepera officinalis)  A050 Anas penelope;  A036 Cygnus olor; Mute  A051 Anas strepera;  Black-tailed godwit, clypeata (Non-breeding) Eurasian wigeon (Non- swan (Non-breeding) Gadwall (Non-breeding) Limosa limosa islandica  Assemblages of  Assemblages of breeding)  A050 Anas penelope;  A140 Pluvialis apricaria; (Non-breeding) international importance international importance  A051 Anas strepera; Eurasian wigeon (Non- European golden plover  Northern pintail, Anas Gadwall (Breeding) breeding) (Non-breeding) acuta (Non-breeding)  A051 Anas strepera;  A051 Anas strepera;  Waterbird assemblage An important assemblage of Gadwall (Non-breeding) Gadwall (Non-breeding) nationally rare breeding  A052 Anas crecca;  A052 Anas crecca; birds. In addition, a wide Eurasian teal (Non- Eurasian teal (Non- range of raptors occur breeding) breeding) through the year. The site also supports several  A054 Anas acuta;  A056 Anas clypeata; nationally scarce plants, and Northern pintail (Non- Northern shoveler (Non- two vulnerable and two rare breeding) breeding) British Red Data Book  A055 Anas querquedula;  A061 Aythya fuligula; invertebrate species Garganey (Breeding) Tufted duck (Non-  A056 Anas clypeata; breeding) Northern shoveler (Non-  A067 Bucephala clangula; breeding) Common goldeneye (Non-  A056 Anas clypeata; breeding) Northern shoveler  A070 Mergus merganser; (Breeding) Goosander (Non-breeding)  A156a Limosa limosa  A125 Fulica atra; Common limosa; Black-tailed godwit coot (Non-breeding) (Breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review:  A119 Porzana porzana; Spotted crake (Breeding)  A151 Philomachus pugnax; Ruff (Non- breeding)  A151 Philomachus pugnax; Ruff (Breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Conservation Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to objectives maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural of qualifying natural of the habitats of the of the habitats of the of the habitats of the habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of qualifying features qualifying features qualifying features qualifying species qualifying species  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function of the habitats of the of the habitats of the of the habitats of the (including typical species) (including typical species) qualifying features qualifying features qualifying features of qualifying natural of qualifying natural  The supporting processes  The supporting processes  The supporting processes habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of on which the habitats of on which the habitats of on which the habitats of qualifying species qualifying species the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely  The supporting processes  The supporting processes  The populations of the  The populations of the  The populations of the on which qualifying natural on which qualifying natural qualifying features qualifying features qualifying features habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely qualifying species rely  The distribution of the  The distribution of the  The distribution of the qualifying features within qualifying features within qualifying features within  The populations of  The populations of the site the site the site qualifying species qualifying species  The distribution of  The distribution of qualifying species within qualifying species within

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Ruthamford North RZ Site name Nene Washes Portholme Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Pits Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar the site the site Condition Majority in 'Unfavourable Unfavourable Recovering Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Favourable' assessment Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Site vulnerability Moreton's Leam is a 14th The site is a large area of The continued international The SPA is vulnerable to The threat from potential Vegetation succession; Vegetation succession; Non- Unspecified development: century dyke which forms the alluvial flood meadow which importance of this site is pressures from recreation, development pressures in Eutrophication native fauna; Recreation urban use; Vegetation southern boundary of the has had a long history of dependent on the nutrient inputs, and changes the urban fringe area is disturbance; Urban succession; Introduction / Nene Washes SSSI. It is fed favourable management maintenance of a winter in water level. The site is one largely addressed by the development (unspecified) invasion of non-native plant by water from the River and, therefore, demonstrates flooding regime and a high of the most popular tourist relevant provisions of the species; Recreation / tourism Nene via a sluice at good conservation of but controlled summer water attractions in the East Conservation of Habitats & disturbance Stanground in Peterborough. structure and function. table. The establishment of a Midlands. Fishing, walking Species Regulations 2010. During winter the entire Traditionally the site is cut for water level management water sports and cycling Issues such as arresting (or washes and Moreton's Leam hay followed by aftermath regime is being addressed currently take place and the locally reversing) vegetation may take flood-water from grazing in late summer and through the Nene Washes reservoir has been zoned to succession will be addressed the Nene. Issues of concern autumn. Part of the site is Management Strategy allow this to take place. via management plans. The relate to water quality, subject to a Countryside Group. A Management Plan Management of the site for main threat to the site it that turbidity and sediment. The Stewardship agreement was agreed in 1992 and a its SPA interests is currently of human recreational WLMP addresses the need aimed at maintaining the Water Level Management compatible with these pressure. The intensity and to maintain sufficient flow alluvial flood meadow. The Plan is currently being recreation uses except in location of recreational through the system and has Environment Agency has drafted. Natural England also periods of drawdown. A activities taking place just been agreed upon by a wide produced a Water Level has management revised strategy with Anglian prior to SSSI notification on range of parties with an Management plan which agreements with a number of Water is intended to address 24 November 2005 was interest in the Leam. Water aims to maintain the current landowners. Wildfowling this problem. The reservoir is considered compatible with is abstracted by gravity only water level management occurs on all sections of the filled from the River Nene maintaining favourable and is primarily for use as regime in the long-term and Washes but is not and the River Welland. In the population levels. This is 'wet fences' on the Nene recommends improvements considered to cause past phosphate levels have managed through voluntary Washes SSSI and for in data collection on water significant disturbance at led to algal blooms. Although agreements assisted by Bassenhally Pit SSSI. A levels and flooding current levels. Any proposals these have currently had powers within Wildlife & fishing-lake at Whittlesey frequency. The for increased wildfowling will little visible effects on the Countryside Act 1981 as also abstracts water. recommendations will be be regulated through the wildfowl, continued amended and The Abstraction from the Nene by incorporated in the relevant Habitat Regulations eutrophication could lead to Conservation of Habitats & Anglia Water for Rutland Local Environment Agency an algal dominated system Species Regulations 2010. Water is believed to be Plan (due to go to that may reduce the value of The development of future under review at present, but consultation in 1999) the area for both plant recreational opportunities is no formal applications have feeding and invertebrate to be addressed through been received although feeding wildfowl. Phosphate valley-wide tourism and further abstraction has been inputs are being tackled recreational strategies to the subject of assessment. through implementation of provide a coordinated Water quality is of concern. the Urban Waste Water approach; including the During the summer, flows in Treatment Directive in the development of access the Nene are occasionally Nene catchment which management plans for key maintained only through contributes the major sites and that appropriate treated sewage effluent, with phosphate load to the planning policies are raised levels of phosphate in reservoir. If necessary, incorporated within strategic particular. Flag Fen Sewage monitoring will be introduced planning documents to Treatment Works at to show if the reduction in ensure developments take Peterborough will be covered phosphate level is adequate account of direct and indirect by the Urban Waste Water and to investigate the recreational disturbance. Directive, but effluents from contribution of agricultural Natural England intend to other smaller works should sources to this problem.. support and work in also be kept under strict Increased abstraction in the partnership with the following review. A case could be summer up to the current initiatives: The Wildlife submitted to OFWAT and the licensed limit may cause Trust's Nene Valley Vision, Water Industries AMP 4 further and more extensive RSPB Futurescapes and Programme to strip periods of drawdown which River Nene Regional Park phosphates from all relevant can effect populations of projects sewage works in the system. invertebrates on which some Large-scale mineral species depend, whilst rapid extraction, such as present filling can render other food proposals at Bradley Fen, sources unavailable for could affect the site by dabbling ducks. Drawdown underground seepage, may also increase increased turbidity from disturbance through washings etc. Angling is recreation uses. These widely practised in the Leam issues will be tackled and could affect local through discussions with

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Ruthamford North RZ Site name Nene Washes Portholme Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Pits Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar populations Anglian Water and the Environment Agency Potential effects RHFA2 Likely significant effect: No Likely Significant Likely significant effect: No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Likely significant effect: No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Peterborough water The abstraction and Effect: No pathway identified The abstraction and Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified The abstraction and Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified reuse proposed receiving river between scheme and the proposed receiving river between scheme and the between scheme and the proposed receiving river between scheme and the between scheme and the locations are upstream of the designated site. Likely locations are upstream of the designated site. Likely designated site. Likely locations are upstream of the designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site but have the significant effects are not designated site but have the significant effects are not significant effects are not designated site but have the significant effects are not significant effects are not potential to result in changes reasonably foreseeable potential to result in changes reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable potential to result in changes reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable in flows, particularly during in flows, particularly during in flows, particularly during low flows. This could in turn low flows. This could in turn low flows. This could in turn exacerbate the effects of exacerbate the effects of exacerbate the effects of eutrophication and thus eutrophication and thus eutrophication and thus affecting the site affecting the site affecting the site significantly. significantly. significantly. The proposed pipeline is in The proposed pipeline is in close proximity to the This is upstream the designated site, disturbance designated site but close proximity to the designated site, disturbance to qualifying features during according to Atkins (2012) pipeline construction could has the potential to result in to qualifying features during pipeline construction could act in-combination with changes in flow levels during recreational pressure for low flows. act in-combination with recreational pressure for which the site is vulnerable The abstraction and which the site is vulnerable resulting in a change in the proposed receiving river resulting in a change in the distribution of the qualifying locations are upstream of the distribution of the qualifying features within the site designated site features within the site RHFA3 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Likely significant effect: No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Likely significant effect: No Likely Significant Rutland Dam Raising Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Construction on the existing Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Construction on the existing Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the dam within the designated between scheme and the between scheme and the dam within the designated between scheme and the designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely site is likely to result in the designated site. Likely designated site. Likely site is likely to result in the designated site. Likely significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not disturbance of qualifying significant effects are not significant effects are not disturbance of qualifying significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable features and act in- reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable features and act in- reasonably foreseeable combination with existing combination with existing recreational pressure for recreational pressure for which the site is vulnerable. which the site is vulnerable. An increase in reservoir An increase in reservoir water height is likely to result water height is likely to result in the loss of habitat in the loss of habitat supporting qualifying supporting qualifying features if this has not been features if this has not been accounted for in the recent accounted for in the recent habitat creation project habitat creation project RHFA4 Reduce No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Export to STW Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: Operation of the Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: Operation of the Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the scheme will be within between scheme and the between scheme and the scheme will be within between scheme and the designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely existing consent limits. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely existing consent limits. Likely designated site. Likely significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable RHFA5 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No likely significant effect: No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No likely significant effect: Pitsford Dam Raising Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified The designated site is Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified The designated site is between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the located more than 4km between scheme and the between scheme and the located more than 4km designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely downstream of the receiving designated site. Likely designated site. Likely downstream of the receiving significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not location and if the volume of significant effects are not significant effects are not location and if the volume of reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable water abstracted at the reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable water abstracted at the receiving location does not receiving location does not exceed the water volume exceed the water volume transferred from Pitsford, no transferred from Pitsford, no likely significant effect is likely significant effect is reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable RHFA6 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No likely significant effect: No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No likely significant effect: Canal Transfer Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified The designated site is Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified The designated site is

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Ruthamford North RZ Site name Nene Washes Portholme Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Pits Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the located more than 4km between scheme and the between scheme and the located more than 4km designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely downstream of the receiving designated site. Likely designated site. Likely downstream of the receiving significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not location. If Pitsford has significant effects are not significant effects are not location. If Pitsford has reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable existing hydrological reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable existing hydrological connectivity to the canal (i.e. connectivity connected to the no new pathway for invasive canal (i.e. no new pathway species) and the volume of for invasive species) and the water abstracted at the volume of water abstracted receiving location does not at the receiving location does exceed the water volume not exceed the water volume transferred from Pitsford, no transferred from Pitsford, no likely significant effect is likely significant effect is reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table B.7: Ruthamford South RZ Screening Matrix Ruthamford South RZ Site name Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Designation SPA Ramsar Qualifying features  A021 Botaurus stellaris; Great bittern (Non-breeding)  Mute swan, Cygnus olor (Non-breeding)  A051 Anas strepera; Gadwall (Non-breeding)  Gadwall, Anas strepera (Non-breeding)  A140 Pluvialis apricaria; European golden plover (Non-breeding)  Assemblages of international importance  Waterbird assemblage Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely  The populations of the qualifying features  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site

Condition assessment Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability The threat from potential development pressures in the urban fringe area is largely addressed by Unspecified development: urban use; Vegetation succession; Introduction / invasion of non-native the relevant provisions of the Conservation of Habitats & Species Regulations 2010. Issues such plant species; Recreation / tourism disturbance as arresting (or locally reversing) vegetation succession will be addressed via management plans. The main threat to the site it that of human recreational pressure. The intensity and location of recreational activities taking place just prior to SSSI notification on 24 November 2005 was considered compatible with maintaining favourable population levels. This is managed through voluntary agreements assisted by powers within Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 as amended and The Conservation of Habitats & Species Regulations 2010. The development of future recreational opportunities is to be addressed through valley-wide tourism and recreational strategies to provide a coordinated approach; including the development of access management plans for key sites and that appropriate planning policies are incorporated within strategic planning documents to ensure developments take account of direct and indirect recreational disturbance. Natural England intend to support and work in partnership with the following initiatives: The Wildlife Trust's Nene Valley Vision, RSPB Futurescapes and River Nene Regional Park projects

Potential effects RHFP1 Likely significant effect: The proposed pipeline route would not be within 500m of the Likely significant effect: The proposed pipeline route would not be within 500m of the Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 3 designated site but would be in close proximity to habitat likely to support qualifying features designated site but would be in close proximity to habitat likely to support qualifying features associated with the designated site. The proposed pipeline also crosses the River Nene between associated with the designated site. The proposed pipeline also crosses the River Nene between sections of the designated site. Disturbance to qualifying features and changes to water quality sections of the designated site. Disturbance to qualifying features and changes to water quality during the river crossings construction is likely to affect the distribution of the qualifying features during the river crossings construction is likely to affect the distribution of the qualifying features within the site which are vulnerable to existing disturbance within the site which are vulnerable to existing disturbance

RHFP2 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and the designated site. No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and the designated site. Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 4 Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable

RHFP3 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and the designated site. No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and the designated site. Ruthamford North RZ Transfer 5 Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable

RHFP4 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and the designated site. No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and the designated site. Clapham WTW Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable

RHFP5 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and the designated site. No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and the designated site. Ruthamford North RZ transfer Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table B.8: Ruthamford South RZ Screening Matrix (cont.) Ruthamford South RZ Site name Nene Washes Portholme Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Pits Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar Qualifying features  S1149. Cobitis taenia;  H6510. Lowland hay  A037 Cygnus columbianus  A005 Podiceps cristatus;  A021 Botaurus stellaris;  Tundra swan, Cygnus  Gadwall, Anas strepera  Mute swan, Cygnus olor Spined loach meadows (Alopecurus bewickii; Bewick's swan Great crested grebe (Non- Great bittern (Non- columbianus bewickii strepera (Non-breeding) pratensis, Sanguisorba (Non-breeding) breeding) breeding) (Non-breeding)  Northern shoveler, Anas  Gadwall, Anas strepera officinalis)  A050 Anas penelope;  A036 Cygnus olor; Mute  A051 Anas strepera;  Black-tailed godwit, clypeata (Non-breeding) Eurasian wigeon (Non- swan (Non-breeding) Gadwall (Non-breeding) Limosa limosa islandica  Assemblages of  Assemblages of breeding)  A050 Anas penelope;  A140 Pluvialis apricaria; (Non-breeding) international importance international importance  A051 Anas strepera; Eurasian wigeon (Non- European golden plover  Northern pintail, Anas Gadwall (Breeding) breeding) (Non-breeding) acuta (Non-breeding)  A051 Anas strepera;  A051 Anas strepera;  Waterbird assemblage An important assemblage of Gadwall (Non-breeding) Gadwall (Non-breeding) nationally rare breeding  A052 Anas crecca;  A052 Anas crecca; birds. In addition, a wide Eurasian teal (Non- Eurasian teal (Non- range of raptors occur breeding) breeding) through the year. The site also supports several  A054 Anas acuta;  A056 Anas clypeata; nationally scarce plants, and Northern pintail (Non- Northern shoveler (Non- two vulnerable and two rare breeding) breeding) British Red Data Book  A055 Anas querquedula;  A061 Aythya fuligula; invertebrate species Garganey (Breeding) Tufted duck (Non-  A056 Anas clypeata; breeding) Northern shoveler (Non-  A067 Bucephala clangula; breeding) Common goldeneye (Non-  A056 Anas clypeata; breeding) Northern shoveler  A070 Mergus merganser; (Breeding) Goosander (Non-breeding)  A156a Limosa limosa  A125 Fulica atra; Common limosa; Black-tailed godwit coot (Non-breeding) (Breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review:  A119 Porzana porzana; Spotted crake (Breeding)  A151 Philomachus pugnax; Ruff (Non- breeding)  A151 Philomachus pugnax; Ruff (Breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Conservation Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to Subject to natural change, to objectives maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore: maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural of qualifying natural of the habitats of the of the habitats of the of the habitats of the habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of qualifying features qualifying features qualifying features qualifying species qualifying species  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function  The structure and function of the habitats of the of the habitats of the of the habitats of the (including typical species) (including typical species) qualifying features qualifying features qualifying features of qualifying natural of qualifying natural  The supporting processes  The supporting processes  The supporting processes habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of on which the habitats of on which the habitats of on which the habitats of qualifying species qualifying species the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely  The supporting processes  The supporting processes  The populations of the  The populations of the  The populations of the on which qualifying natural on which qualifying natural qualifying features qualifying features qualifying features habitats and habitats of habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely qualifying species rely  The distribution of the  The distribution of the  The distribution of the qualifying features within qualifying features within qualifying features within  The populations of  The populations of the site the site the site qualifying species qualifying species  The distribution of  The distribution of qualifying species within qualifying species within

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Ruthamford South RZ Site name Nene Washes Portholme Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Pits Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar the site the site Condition Majority in 'Unfavourable Unfavourable Recovering Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Unfavourable Majority in 'Favourable' assessment Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Recovering' Site vulnerability Moreton's Leam is a 14th The site is a large area of The continued international The SPA is vulnerable to The threat from potential Vegetation succession; Vegetation succession; Non- Unspecified development: century dyke which forms the alluvial flood meadow which importance of this site is pressures from recreation, development pressures in Eutrophication native fauna; Recreation urban use; Vegetation southern boundary of the has had a long history of dependent on the nutrient inputs, and changes the urban fringe area is disturbance; Urban succession; Introduction / Nene Washes SSSI. It is fed favourable management maintenance of a winter in water level. The site is one largely addressed by the development (unspecified) invasion of non-native plant by water from the River and, therefore, demonstrates flooding regime and a high of the most popular tourist relevant provisions of the species; Recreation / tourism Nene via a sluice at good conservation of but controlled summer water attractions in the East Conservation of Habitats & disturbance Stanground in Peterborough. structure and function. table. The establishment of a Midlands. Fishing, walking Species Regulations 2010. During winter the entire Traditionally the site is cut for water level management water sports and cycling Issues such as arresting (or washes and Moreton's Leam hay followed by aftermath regime is being addressed currently take place and the locally reversing) vegetation may take flood-water from grazing in late summer and through the Nene Washes reservoir has been zoned to succession will be addressed the Nene. Issues of concern autumn. Part of the site is Management Strategy allow this to take place. via management plans. The relate to water quality, subject to a Countryside Group. A Management Plan Management of the site for main threat to the site it that turbidity and sediment. The Stewardship agreement was agreed in 1992 and a its SPA interests is currently of human recreational WLMP addresses the need aimed at maintaining the Water Level Management compatible with these pressure. The intensity and to maintain sufficient flow alluvial flood meadow. The Plan is currently being recreation uses except in location of recreational through the system and has Environment Agency has drafted. Natural England also periods of drawdown. A activities taking place just been agreed upon by a wide produced a Water Level has management revised strategy with Anglian prior to SSSI notification on range of parties with an Management plan which agreements with a number of Water is intended to address 24 November 2005 was interest in the Leam. Water aims to maintain the current landowners. Wildfowling this problem. The reservoir is considered compatible with is abstracted by gravity only water level management occurs on all sections of the filled from the River Nene maintaining favourable and is primarily for use as regime in the long-term and Washes but is not and the River Welland. In the population levels. This is 'wet fences' on the Nene recommends improvements considered to cause past phosphate levels have managed through voluntary Washes SSSI and for in data collection on water significant disturbance at led to algal blooms. Although agreements assisted by Bassenhally Pit SSSI. A levels and flooding current levels. Any proposals these have currently had powers within Wildlife & fishing-lake at Whittlesey frequency. The for increased wildfowling will little visible effects on the Countryside Act 1981 as also abstracts water. recommendations will be be regulated through the wildfowl, continued amended and The Abstraction from the Nene by incorporated in the relevant Habitat Regulations eutrophication could lead to Conservation of Habitats & Anglia Water for Rutland Local Environment Agency an algal dominated system Species Regulations 2010. Water is believed to be Plan (due to go to that may reduce the value of The development of future under review at present, but consultation in 1999) the area for both plant recreational opportunities is no formal applications have feeding and invertebrate to be addressed through been received although feeding wildfowl. Phosphate valley-wide tourism and further abstraction has been inputs are being tackled recreational strategies to the subject of assessment. through implementation of provide a coordinated Water quality is of concern. the Urban Waste Water approach; including the During the summer, flows in Treatment Directive in the development of access the Nene are occasionally Nene catchment which management plans for key maintained only through contributes the major sites and that appropriate treated sewage effluent, with phosphate load to the planning policies are raised levels of phosphate in reservoir. If necessary, incorporated within strategic particular. Flag Fen Sewage monitoring will be introduced planning documents to Treatment Works at to show if the reduction in ensure developments take Peterborough will be covered phosphate level is adequate account of direct and indirect by the Urban Waste Water and to investigate the recreational disturbance. Directive, but effluents from contribution of agricultural Natural England intend to other smaller works should sources to this problem.. support and work in also be kept under strict Increased abstraction in the partnership with the following review. A case could be summer up to the current initiatives: The Wildlife submitted to OFWAT and the licensed limit may cause Trust's Nene Valley Vision, Water Industries AMP 4 further and more extensive RSPB Futurescapes and Programme to strip periods of drawdown which River Nene Regional Park phosphates from all relevant can effect populations of projects sewage works in the system. invertebrates on which some Large-scale mineral species depend, whilst rapid extraction, such as present filling can render other food proposals at Bradley Fen, sources unavailable for could affect the site by dabbling ducks. Drawdown underground seepage, may also increase increased turbidity from disturbance through washings etc. Angling is recreation uses. These widely practised in the Leam issues will be tackled and could affect local through discussions with

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Ruthamford South RZ Site name Nene Washes Portholme Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Nene Washes Rutland Water Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Pits Designation SAC SAC SPA SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Ramsar populations Anglian Water and the Environment Agency Potential effects RHFA7 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Grafham dam raising Effect: No pathway identified Effect: Releases from the Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and the reservoir are currently between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the designated site. Likely prohibited as a bio-security designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely significant effects are not measure to prevent against significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable the escape of endemic “killer reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable shrimp” into the wider catchment RHFA8 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant New Ruthamford Effect: No pathway identified Effect: Releases from the Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified South Reservoir between scheme and the reservoir are currently between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the designated site. Likely prohibited as a bio-security designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely significant effects are not measure to prevent against significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable the escape of endemic “killer reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable shrimp” into the wider catchment RHFA9 Grafham No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant intake refurbishment Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable RHFA10 Re- No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant commission Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Pulloxhill WTW between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable RHFA13 No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Ruthamford North RZ Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Transfer 2 between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable RHFA14 No Likely Significant Likely significant effect: No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant No Likely Significant Huntingdon water Effect: No pathway identified The proposed pipeline is Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified Effect: No pathway identified reuse between scheme and the upstream of the designated between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the between scheme and the designated site. Likely site. Construction of the designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely designated site. Likely significant effects are not pipeline crossing is likely to significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable result in a change in river reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable water quality which at a time of flood could affect the extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table B.9: South Essex RZ Screening Matrix South Essex RZ Site name Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Stour and Orwell Estuaries Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Stour and Orwell Estuaries Designation SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar Qualifying features  A046a Branta bernicla bernicla; Dark-bellied brent  A046a Branta bernicla bernicla; Dark-bellied brent  Dark-bellied brent goose, Branta bernicla (Non-  Dark-bellied brent goose, Branta bernicla bernicla goose (Non-breeding) goose (Non-breeding) breeding) (Non-breeding)  A059 Aythya ferina; Common pochard (Breeding)  A054 Anas acuta; Northern pintail (Non-breeding)  Common redshank, Tringa totanus totanus (Non-  Northern pintail, Anas acuta (Non-breeding);  A082 Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Non-breeding)  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Breeding) breeding)  Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Breeding)  A141 Pluvialis squatarola; Grey plover (Non-  Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa islandica (Non-  Red knot, Calidris canutus islandica breeding)  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non- breeding)  Dunlin, Calidris alpina alpina breeding)  A143 Calidris canutus; Red knot (Non-breeding) Extent and diversity of saltmarsh; 12 species of nationally scarce plants and at least 38 British Red  Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa islandica  A195 Sterna albifrons; Little tern (Breeding)  A149 Calidris alpina alpina; Dunlin (Non-breeding) Data Book invertebrate species; A full and  Common redshank, Tringa totanus totanus representative sequences of saltmarsh plant  Waterbird assemblage  A156 Limosa limosa islandica; Black-tailed godwit  Assemblages of international importance; Seven communities covering the range of variation in Britain Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 (Non-breeding) nationally scarce plants and five British Red Data UK SPA Review:  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non- Book invertebrates  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Non- breeding) breeding)  Waterbird assemblage  A140 Pluvialis apricaria; European golden plover Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 (Non-breeding) UK SPA Review:  A048 Tadorna tadorna; Common shelduck (Non- breeding)  A082 Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Non-breeding)  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Non- breeding)  A169 Arenaria interpres; Ruddy turnstone (Non- breeding) Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: - -  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features qualifying features  The structure and function of the habitats of the  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features qualifying features  The supporting processes on which the habitats of  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely  The populations of the qualifying features  The populations of the qualifying features  The distribution of the qualifying features within the  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site site Condition assessment Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability The Colne Estuary encompasses a diversity of soft There is pressure for increased port development and Eutrophication; Pollution – agriculture; Military activities; Non-native fauna; Erosion; Industry (unspecified) coastal habitats, dependent upon natural coastal marine recreation in this area. Marine recreation is Persistent drought; Pollution – fertilisers; Erosion; processes. The vulnerability of these habitats is linked being addressed within the Estuary Management Plan. Pollution – sewage; Overgrazing (livestock); to changes in the physical environment: the intertidal Port development is being considered by public inquiry. Cutting/clearing of vegetation; Reservoir/dam flow zone is threatened by coastal squeeze and changes to Maintenance dredging of the River Stour and River regime the sediment budget, especially up drift of the site. Orwell poses potential threats to the SPA but the Limited beach feeding is under way to alleviate the activity is being addressed through the provisions of the sediment problem. The site is vulnerable to recreational Habitats Regulations. The saltmarsh is eroding, partly pressures which can lead to habitat damage (salt as a result of natural coastal processes; the beneficial marsh and sand dunes) and to disturbance of feeding use of dredging’s is taking place to try to combat these and roosting waterfowl. Pressures for increased use processes and development of recreational facilities are being addressed through the planning system and under the provisions of the Habitat Regulations. Jet- and water- skiing are largely contained by the Harbour Authorities. Most grazing marshes are managed under ESA/ Countryside Stewardship Agreements, but low water levels are of great concern, and low freshwater flows into the estuary, may be affecting bird numbers and/or distribution. This is being addressed through reviews of consents under the Habitats Regulations. Unregulated samphire harvesting is being addressed by notifying all pickers of the legal implications of uprooting plants without the consent of landowners. To secure

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

South Essex RZ Site name Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Stour and Orwell Estuaries Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Stour and Orwell Estuaries Designation SPA SPA Ramsar Ramsar protection of the site, an Estuarine Management Plan is in preparation, which will work alongside the Essex SMP and the emerging Marine Scheme of Management. The Environment Agency's Local Plan aims to reduce the nutrient enrichment arising from sewage and fertiliser run-off Potential effects SE1 Likely significant effect: The designated site is No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Likely significant effect: The designated site is No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Colchester water reuse located 3km downstream of the Colchester WTW between scheme and the designated site. Likely located 3km downstream of the Colchester WTW between scheme and the designated site. Likely outfall. Potential for reduced river flows as a result of significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable outfall. Potential for reduced river flows as a result of significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable the water transfer to Ardleigh Reservoir; reduced water the water transfer to Ardleigh Reservoir; reduced water quality resulting from RO concentrate discharge acting quality resulting from RO concentrate discharge acting alone or in-combination with reduced flows; and alone or in-combination with reduced flows; and reduced river water quality during pipeline crossing reduced river water quality during pipeline crossing construction could significantly affect the extent and construction could significantly affect the extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features which are vulnerable to nutrient enrichment which are vulnerable to nutrient enrichment SE2 / SE8 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline East Suffolk RZ transfer between scheme and the designated site. Likely will be constructed outside of the designated site between scheme and the designated site. Likely will be constructed outside of the designated site significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable (c.1.5km away) with the nearest river crossing 6.5km significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable (c.1.5km away) with the nearest river crossing 6.5km upstream of the designated site; likely significant effects upstream of the designated site; likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable are not reasonably foreseeable SE6 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified South Essex RZ groundwater between scheme and the designated site. Likely between scheme and the designated site. Likely between scheme and the designated site. Likely between scheme and the designated site. Likely development significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable SE7 Likely Significant Effect: There is hydrological No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Likely Significant Effect: There is hydrological No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Ardleigh reservoir extension connectivity between the scheme and the designated between scheme and the designated site. Likely connectivity between the scheme and the designated between scheme and the designated site. Likely site; the designated site is vulnerable to low freshwater significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable site; the designated site is vulnerable to low freshwater significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable flows and poor water quality. Potential changes in water flows and poor water quality. Potential changes in water flows from the reservoir during construction has the flows from the reservoir during construction has the potential to effect supporting processes on which potential to effect supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and species rely qualifying natural habitats and species rely

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table B.10: Cheveley RZ Screening Matrix Cheveley RZ Site name Breckland Breckland Designation SPA SAC Qualifying features  A133 Burhinus oedicnemus; Stone-curlew (Breeding)  2330 Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands  A224 Caprimulgus europaeus; European nightjar (Breeding)  3150 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition - type vegetation  A246 Lullula arborea; Woodlark (Breeding)  4030 European dry heaths  6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites)  91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)  1166 Great crested newt Triturus cristatus Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features  The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely species  The populations of the qualifying features  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site  The populations of the qualifying features  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site Condition assessment Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability Stone curlew are largely reliant on arable land for nesting and are thus vulnerable to disturbance and nest Grazing by sheep/cattle is essential to the maintenance of habitats. Problems include nutrient deposition from the destruction from agricultural operations. A recovery project operates to find nests, advise landowners on their atmosphere and adjacent arable land, invasion by self-sown trees/shrubs, and uncontrolled and inappropriate operations which might affect stone-curlews, and to ring chicks. Management agreements are in place to provide recreational activities. In recent decades, scrub and woodland have spread at the expense of the heathland and nest plots and thus safeguard the population. Agreements have been extended to cover the coming two breeding chalk grassland vegetation due to the cessation of traditional cutting and grazing management. Management seasons, after which it is hoped that Higher Level Scheme agreements will be in place. Stone-curlew, nightjar and agreements and particularly Environmentally Sensitive Area payments go part of the way towards re-introducing woodlark are vulnerable to predation from corvids and foxes and to disturbance caused by human activity, this largely uneconomic traditional management, and controlling the scrub. Strong populations of rabbits are including dog-walking. In 2005, new public access was introduced on heaths by legislation. Safeguards to protect important in maintaining the Breckland swards. Local ground water abstraction has a deleterious impact on the stone-curlew have been included but the situation will require monitoring to determine how successful restrictions natural eutrophic lakes, the Breckland meres, and is the subject of active liaison between Natural England and the have been in preventing additional disturbance. Breckland heathlands and acid grasslands supporting stone- Environment Agency curlew, nightjar and woodlark are fragile in terms of the high background levels of air pollution in the area, particularly high nitrogen loads causing undesirable habitat changes. Research on this topic is on-going, and measures to export the nutrients off heaths (such as night time sheep folding or topsoil stripping) to counter the effects of pollution are potential management options. There are development pressures on the area, particularly for infrastructure, which requires substantial discussion and mitigation in some cases. This is achieved through Natural England commenting on planning applications and providing input to structural and local plans. Woodlark and nightjar benefit from clear-fell forestry rotational management. The appropriate management is currently taking place in the forests. Collecting of eggs of stone-curlew, and to some extent nightjar and woodlark, is believed to be a serious threat to individual birds and to population size. The loss of eggs to this illegal activity is not known. There is a police-based alert system in place in Breckland to try and reduce this type of crime, and landowners are vigilant Potential effects CVY2 No Likely significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route is approximately 10km from the designated site. No Likely significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route is approximately 10km from the designated site. West Suffolk RZ Transfer Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable.

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table B.11: Newmarket RZ Screening Matrix Newmarket RZ Site name Breckland Breckland Designation SPA SAC Qualifying features  A133 Burhinus oedicnemus; Stone-curlew (Breeding)  2330 Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands  A224 Caprimulgus europaeus; European nightjar (Breeding)  3150 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition - type vegetation  A246 Lullula arborea; Woodlark (Breeding)  4030 European dry heaths  6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites)  91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)  1166 Great crested newt Triturus cristatus Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species  The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features  The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying  The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely species  The populations of the qualifying features  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site  The populations of the qualifying features  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site Condition assessment Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability Stone curlew are largely reliant on arable land for nesting and are thus vulnerable to disturbance and nest Grazing by sheep/cattle is essential to the maintenance of habitats. Problems include nutrient deposition from the destruction from agricultural operations. A recovery project operates to find nests, advise landowners on their atmosphere and adjacent arable land, invasion by self-sown trees/shrubs, and uncontrolled and inappropriate operations which might affect stone-curlews, and to ring chicks. Management agreements are in place to provide recreational activities. In recent decades, scrub and woodland have spread at the expense of the heathland and nest plots and thus safeguard the population. Agreements have been extended to cover the coming two breeding chalk grassland vegetation due to the cessation of traditional cutting and grazing management. Management seasons, after which it is hoped that Higher Level Scheme agreements will be in place. Stone-curlew, nightjar and agreements and particularly Environmentally Sensitive Area payments go part of the way towards re-introducing woodlark are vulnerable to predation from corvids and foxes and to disturbance caused by human activity, this largely uneconomic traditional management, and controlling the scrub. Strong populations of rabbits are including dog-walking. In 2005, new public access was introduced on heaths by legislation. Safeguards to protect important in maintaining the Breckland swards. Local ground water abstraction has a deleterious impact on the stone-curlew have been included but the situation will require monitoring to determine how successful restrictions natural eutrophic lakes, the Breckland meres, and is the subject of active liaison between Natural England and the have been in preventing additional disturbance. Breckland heathlands and acid grasslands supporting stone- Environment Agency curlew, nightjar and woodlark are fragile in terms of the high background levels of air pollution in the area, particularly high nitrogen loads causing undesirable habitat changes. Research on this topic is on-going, and measures to export the nutrients off heaths (such as night time sheep folding or topsoil stripping) to counter the effects of pollution are potential management options. There are development pressures on the area, particularly for infrastructure, which requires substantial discussion and mitigation in some cases. This is achieved through Natural England commenting on planning applications and providing input to structural and local plans. Woodlark and nightjar benefit from clear-fell forestry rotational management. The appropriate management is currently taking place in the forests. Collecting of eggs of stone-curlew, and to some extent nightjar and woodlark, is believed to be a serious threat to individual birds and to population size. The loss of eggs to this illegal activity is not known. There is a police-based alert system in place in Breckland to try and reduce this type of crime, and landowners are vigilant Potential effects NWM1 No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route passes within 500m of the designated site. Potential No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route passes within 500m of the designated site. Potential Ely RZ transfer changes in ground water flows can be avoided through route design and construction best practice. Impacts on changes in ground water flows can be avoided through route design and construction best practice. Impacts on great crested newts will be avoided through licenced mitigation. Therefore likely significant effects are not great crested newts will be avoided through licenced mitigation. Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. reasonably foreseeable.

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table B.12: West Suffolk RZ Screening Matrix West Suffolk RZ Site name Breckland Stour and Orwell Estuaries Breckland Stour and Orwell Estuaries Designation SPA SPA SAC Ramsar Qualifying features  A133 Burhinus oedicnemus; Stone-curlew (Breeding)  A046a Branta bernicla bernicla; Dark-bellied brent  2330 Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and  Dark-bellied brent goose, Branta bernicla bernicla  A224 Caprimulgus europaeus; European nightjar goose (Non-breeding) Agrostis grasslands (Non-breeding) (Breeding)  A054 Anas acuta; Northern pintail (Non-breeding)  3150 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or  Northern pintail, Anas acuta (Non-breeding)  A246 Lullula arborea; Woodlark (Breeding)  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Breeding) Hydrocharition - type vegetation  Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola  A141 Pluvialis squatarola; Grey plover (Non-  4030 European dry heaths  Red knot, Calidris canutus islandica breeding)  6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland  Dunlin, Calidris alpina alpina  A143 Calidris canutus; Red knot (Non-breeding) facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco- Brometalia) (* important orchid sites)  Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa islandica  A149 Calidris alpina alpina; Dunlin (Non-breeding)  91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and  Common redshank, Tringa totanus totanus  A156 Limosa limosa islandica; Black-tailed godwit Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae,  Assemblages of international importance; Seven (Non-breeding) Salicion albae) nationally scarce plants and five British Red Data  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non-  1166 Great crested newt Triturus cristatus Book invertebrates breeding)  Waterbird assemblage Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 UK SPA Review:  A048 Tadorna tadorna; Common shelduck (Non- breeding)  A082 Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Non-breeding)  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Non- breeding)  A169 Arenaria interpres; Ruddy turnstone (Non- breeding) Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: -  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural qualifying features qualifying features habitats and habitats of qualifying species  The structure and function of the habitats of the  The structure and function of the habitats of the  The structure and function (including typical species) qualifying features qualifying features of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of  The supporting processes on which the habitats of  The supporting processes on which the habitats of qualifying species the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural  The populations of the qualifying features  The populations of the qualifying features habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely  The distribution of the qualifying features within the  The distribution of the qualifying features within the  The populations of the qualifying features site site  The distribution of the qualifying features within the site Condition assessment Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Favourable' Site vulnerability Stone–curlew are largely reliant on arable land for There is pressure for increased port development and Grazing by sheep/cattle is essential to the maintenance Non-native fauna; Erosion; Industry (unspecified) nesting and are thus vulnerable to disturbance and marine recreation in this area. Marine recreation is of habitats. Problems include nutrient deposition from nest destruction from agricultural operations. A being addressed within the Estuary Management Plan. the atmosphere and adjacent arable land, invasion by recovery project operates to find nests, advise Port development is being considered by public inquiry. self-sown trees/shrubs, and uncontrolled and landowners on their operations which might affect Maintenance dredging of the River Stour and River inappropriate recreational activities. In recent decades, stone-curlews, and to ring chicks. Management Orwell poses potential threats to the SPA but the scrub and woodland have spread at the expense of the agreements are in place to provide nest plots and thus activity is being addressed through the provisions of heathland and chalk grassland vegetation due to the safeguard the population. Agreements have been the Habitats Regulations. The saltmarsh is eroding, cessation of traditional cutting and grazing extended to cover the coming two breeding seasons, partly as a result of natural coastal processes; the management. Management agreements and after which it is hoped that Higher Level Scheme beneficial use of dredging’s is taking place to try to particularly Environmentally Sensitive Area payments agreements will be in place. Stone-curlew, nightjar and combat these processes go part of the way towards re-introducing this largely woodlark are vulnerable to predation from corvids and uneconomic traditional management, and controlling foxes and to disturbance caused by human activity, the scrub. Strong populations of rabbits are important including dog-walking. In 2005, new public access was in maintaining the Breckland swards. Local ground introduced on heaths by legislation. Safeguards to water abstraction has a deleterious impact on the protect stone-curlew have been included but the natural eutrophic lakes, the Breckland meres, and is situation will require monitoring to determine how the subject of active liaison between Natural England successful restrictions have been in preventing and the Environment Agency additional disturbance. Breckland heathlands and acid grasslands supporting stone-curlew, nightjar and woodlark are fragile in terms of the high background levels of air pollution in the area, particularly high nitrogen loads causing undesirable habitat changes.

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

West Suffolk RZ Site name Breckland Stour and Orwell Estuaries Breckland Stour and Orwell Estuaries Designation SPA SPA SAC Ramsar Research on this topic is on-going, and measures to export the nutrients off heaths (such as night time sheep folding or topsoil stripping) to counter the effects of pollution are potential management options. There are development pressures on the area, particularly for infrastructure, which requires substantial discussion and mitigation in some cases. This is achieved through Natural England commenting on planning applications and providing input to structural and local plans. Woodlark and nightjar benefit from clear-fell forestry rotational management. The appropriate management is currently taking place in the forests. Collecting of eggs of stone-curlew, and to some extent nightjar and woodlark, is believed to be a serious threat to individual birds and to population size. The loss of eggs to this illegal activity is not known. There is a police-based alert system in place in Breckland to try and reduce this type of crime, and landowners are vigilant Potential effects WS1 No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Newmarket RZ transfer route would cross a tributary of the River Lark between scheme and the designated site. Likely between scheme and the designated site. Likely between scheme and the designated site. Likely approximately 6km upstream of the designated site. significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable Changes in water quality resulting from the release of pollutants during construction, if they occur, are likely to be minimised by the application of construction best practice, and reduced through dispersion and dispersal over 6km. Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable WS3 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Bury St Edmunds water reuse between scheme and the designated site located at between scheme and the designated site. Likely between scheme and the designated site located at between scheme and the designated site. Likely least 4km upstream. Likely significant effects are not significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable least 4km upstream. Likely significant effects are not significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable reasonably foreseeable WS4 Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline route No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified Thetford water reuse would cross the Little Ouse River within the designated between scheme and the designated site. Likely would cross the Little Ouse River within the designated between scheme and the designated site. Likely site. Although changes in water quality resulting from significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable site. Although changes in water quality resulting from significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable the release of pollutants during construction, if they the release of pollutants during construction, if they occur, are likely to be minimised by the application of occur, are likely to be minimised by the application of construction best practice, construction within the construction best practice, construction within the designated site is likely to result in a change in the designated site is likely to result in a change in the extent, structure and function of habitats of the extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats qualifying features. Qualifying features are subjected to and habitats of qualifying species. Great crested newts existing disturbance and nest destruction from are also present and construction could result in agricultural activities and are therefore potentially adverse changes in the populations of this qualifying sensitive to additional sources of disturbance features WS6 No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline South Essex RZ transfer between scheme and the designated site. Likely route would cross the River Stour approximately 10km between scheme and the designated site. Likely route would cross the River Stour approximately 10km significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable upstream of the designated site. Changes in water significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable upstream of the designated site. Changes in water quality resulting from the release of pollutants during quality resulting from the release of pollutants during construction if they occur are likely to be minimised by construction if they occur are likely to be minimised by the application of construction best practice, and the application of construction best practice, and reduced through dispersion and dispersal over 10km. reduced through dispersion and dispersal over 10km. Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable foreseeable

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table B.13: Ely RZ Screening Matrix Ely RZ Site name Fenland Fenland Designation SAC Ramsar Qualifying features  H6410. Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae); Purple moor-  A spring-fed calcareous basin mire with a long history of management, which is partly reflected in the diversity grass meadows of present-day vegetation;  H7210. Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae; Calcium-rich fen  The invertebrate fauna is very rich, partly due to its transitional position between Fenland and Breckland. The dominated by great fen sedge (saw sedge)* species list is very long, including many rare and scarce invertebrates characteristic of ancient fenland sites in  S1149. Cobitis taenia; Spined loach Britain;  S1166. Triturus cristatus; Great crested newt  The site supports diverse vegetation types, rare and scarce plants. The site is the stronghold of Cambridge milk parsley Selinum carvifolia. Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: -  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species;  The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species;  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely;  The populations of qualifying species;  The distribution of qualifying species within the site. Condition assessment Favourable Favourable Site vulnerability The fenland grasslands are dependent upon traditional management practices of cutting and grazing by Water diversion for irrigation/domestic/industrial use livestock. In recent decades scrub and woodland have spread at the expense of fen vegetation. The three constituent sites are all National Nature Reserves and the site management plans include actions to address this problem. Chippenham Fen NNR has suffered from a changed hydrological regime due to abstraction from the underlying chalk aquifer. This problem is being addressed through supply of supplementary water together with a programme of vegetation and invertebrate population monitoring. This project is being taken forward by Natural England, the Environment Agency and Anglian Water. Woodwalton Fen takes water in the summer months from the surrounding drains. In the winter months the fen is designed to be used as a flood storage area, although this occurs infrequently. In both these circumstances the water entering the Fen is high in nutrients from agricultural run-off. It is intended to undertake research to investigate what effects the flooding may be having on the site's interests. Potential effects E1 Likely Significant Effect: Construction of the proposed pipeline within the designated site is likely to lead to Likely Significant Effect: Construction of the proposed pipeline within the designated site is likely to lead to Fenland RZ transfer temporary habitat loss and, if unmitigated, disturbance of qualifying features. The intake point at Cantley is temporary habitat loss and, if unmitigated, disturbance of qualifying features. The intake point at Cantley is located upstream of the designated site. Qualifying features are vulnerable to disturbance and changes in water located upstream of the designated site. Qualifying features are vulnerable to disturbance and changes in water levels levels

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Table B.14: Central Essex RZ Screening Matrix Central Essex RZ Site name Breckland Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Breckland Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Designation SPA SPA SAC Ramsar Qualifying features  A133 Burhinus oedicnemus; Stone-curlew (Breeding)  A046a Branta bernicla bernicla; Dark-bellied brent  2330 Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and  Dark-bellied brent goose, Branta bernicla (Non-  A224 Caprimulgus europaeus; European nightjar goose (Non-breeding) Agrostis grasslands breeding) (Breeding)  A059 Aythya ferina; Common pochard (Breeding)  3150 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or  Common redshank, Tringa totanus totanus (Non-  A246 Lullula arborea; Woodlark (Breeding)  A082 Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Non-breeding) Hydrocharition - type vegetation breeding)  A137 Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Breeding)  4030 European dry heaths  Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa islandica (Non- breeding)  A162 Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non-  6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland breeding) facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-  Extent and diversity of saltmarsh; 12 species of Brometalia) (* important orchid sites) nationally scarce plants and at least 38 British Red  A195 Sterna albifrons; Little tern (Breeding)  91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Data Book invertebrate species; A full and  Waterbird assemblage Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, representative sequences of saltmarsh plant Additional Qualifying Features Identified by the 2001 Salicion albae) communities covering the range of variation in Britain UK SPA Review:  1166 Great crested newt Triturus cristatus  A132 Recurvirostra avosetta; Pied avocet (Non- breeding)  A140 Pluvialis apricaria; European golden plover (Non-breeding) Conservation objectives Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore: -  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the  The extent and distribution of the habitats of the  The extent and distribution of qualifying natural qualifying features qualifying features habitats and habitats of qualifying species  The structure and function of the habitats of the  The structure and function of the habitats of the  The structure and function (including typical species) qualifying features qualifying features of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of  The supporting processes on which the habitats of  The supporting processes on which the habitats of qualifying species the qualifying features rely the qualifying features rely  The supporting processes on which qualifying natural  The populations of the qualifying features  The populations of the qualifying features habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely The distribution of the qualifying features within the site  The distribution of the qualifying features within the  The populations of the qualifying features site The distribution of the qualifying features within the site Condition assessment Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Majority in 'Favourable' Majority in 'Unfavourable Recovering' Site vulnerability Stone curlew are largely reliant on arable land for The Colne Estuary encompasses a diversity of soft Grazing by sheep/cattle is essential to the maintenance Eutrophication; Pollution – agriculture; Military nesting and are thus vulnerable to disturbance and coastal habitats, dependent upon natural coastal of habitats. Problems include nutrient deposition from activities; Persistent drought; Pollution – fertilisers; nest destruction from agricultural operations. A processes. The vulnerability of these habitats is linked the atmosphere and adjacent arable land, invasion by Erosion; Pollution – sewage; Overgrazing (livestock); recovery project operates to find nests, advise to changes in the physical environment: the intertidal self-sown trees/shrubs, and uncontrolled and Cutting/clearing of vegetation; Reservoir/dam flow landowners on their operations which might affect zone is threatened by coastal squeeze and changes to inappropriate recreational activities. In recent decades, regime stone-curlews, and to ring chicks. Management the sediment budget, especially up drift of the site. scrub and woodland have spread at the expense of the agreements are in place to provide nest plots and thus Limited beach feeding is under way to alleviate the heathland and chalk grassland vegetation due to the safeguard the population. Agreements have been sediment problem. The site is vulnerable to recreational cessation of traditional cutting and grazing extended to cover the coming two breeding seasons, pressures which can lead to habitat damage (salt management. Management agreements and after which it is hoped that Higher Level Scheme marsh and sand dunes) and to disturbance of feeding particularly Environmentally Sensitive Area payments agreements will be in place. Stone-curlew, nightjar and and roosting waterfowl. Pressures for increased use go part of the way towards re-introducing this largely woodlark are vulnerable to predation from corvids and and development of recreational facilities are being uneconomic traditional management, and controlling foxes and to disturbance caused by human activity, addressed through the planning system and under the the scrub. Strong populations of rabbits are important including dog-walking. In 2005, new public access was provisions of the Habitat Regulations. Jet- and water- in maintaining the Breckland swards. Local ground introduced on heaths by legislation. Safeguards to skiing are largely contained by the Harbour Authorities. water abstraction has a deleterious impact on the protect stone-curlew have been included but the Most grazing marshes are managed under ESA/ natural eutrophic lakes, the Breckland meres, and is situation will require monitoring to determine how Countryside Stewardship Agreements, but low water the subject of active liaison between Natural England successful restrictions have been in preventing levels are of great concern, and low freshwater flows and the Environment Agency additional disturbance. Breckland heathlands and acid into the estuary, may be affecting bird numbers and/or grasslands supporting stone-curlew, nightjar and distribution. This is being addressed through reviews of woodlark are fragile in terms of the high background consents under the Habitats Regulations. Unregulated levels of air pollution in the area, particularly high samphire harvesting is being addressed by notifying all nitrogen loads causing undesirable habitat changes. pickers of the legal implications of uprooting plants Research on this topic is on-going, and measures to without the consent of landowners. To secure export the nutrients off heaths (such as night time protection of the site, an Estuarine Management Plan is sheep folding or topsoil stripping) to counter the effects in preparation, which will work alongside the Essex of pollution are potential management options. There SMP and the emerging Marine Scheme of are development pressures on the area, particularly for Management. The Environment Agency's Local Plan infrastructure, which requires substantial discussion aims to reduce the nutrient enrichment arising from and mitigation in some cases. This is achieved through sewage and fertiliser run-off Natural England commenting on planning applications and providing input to structural and local plans.

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Mangement Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

Central Essex RZ Site name Breckland Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Breckland Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Designation SPA SPA SAC Ramsar Woodlark and nightjar benefit from clear-fell forestry rotational management. The appropriate management is currently taking place in the forests. Collecting of eggs of stone-curlew, and to some extent nightjar and woodlark, is believed to be a serious threat to individual birds and to population size. The loss of eggs to this illegal activity is not known. There is a police-based alert system in place in Breckland to try and reduce this type of crime, and landowners are vigilant Potential effects CE2 No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified No Likely Significant Effect: The proposed pipeline No Likely Significant Effect: No pathway identified West Suffolk RZ Transfer route would terminate approximately 4km from the between scheme and the designated site. Likely route would terminate approximately 11km from the between scheme and the designated site. Likely designated site. No pathway identified between significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable designated site. No pathway identified between significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable scheme and the designated site. Likely significant scheme and the designated site. Likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable. Therefore likely effects are not reasonably foreseeable. Therefore likely significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable significant effects are not reasonably foreseeable

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Anglian Water 2015 Water Resource Management Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment: Task 1 & 2

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