River Glaven State of the Environment Report
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The River Glaven A State of the Environment Report ©Ashley Dace and licensed for reuse under this Creative ©Evelyn Simak and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence Commons Licence © Ashley Dace and licensed for reuse under this C reative ©Oliver Dixon and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence Commons Licence Produced by Norfolk Biodiversity Information Service Spring 201 4 i Norfolk Biodiversity Information Service (NBIS) is a Local Record Centre holding information on species, GEODIVERSITY , habitats and protected sites for the county of Norfolk. For more information see our website: www.nbis.org.uk This report is available for download from the NBIS website www.nbis.org.uk Report written by Lizzy Oddy, March 2014. Acknowledgements: The author would like to thank the following people for their help and input into this report: Mark Andrews (Environment Agency); Anj Beckham (Norfolk County Council Historic Environment Service); Andrew Cannon (Natural Surroundings); Claire Humphries (Environment Agency); Tim Jacklin (Wild Trout Trust); Kelly Powell (Norfolk County Council Historic Environment Service); Carl Sayer (University College London); Ian Shepherd (River Glaven Conservation Group); Mike Sutton-Croft (Norfolk Non-native Species Initiative); Jonah Tosney (Norfolk Rivers Trust) Cover Photos Clockwise from top left: Wiveton Bridge (©Evelyn Simak and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence); Glandford Ford (©Ashley Dace and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence); River Glaven above Glandford (©Oliver Dixon and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence); Swan at Glandford Ford (© Ashley Dace and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence). ii CONTENTS Foreword – Gemma Clark, 9 Chalk Rivers Project Community Involvement Officer. ….…………………… v Welcome ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Landscape History & GEODIVERSITY ……………………….. ………………………………………………………………….. 2 Chalk Rivers ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Landscape Features …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Blakeney Esker ……………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 GEODIVERSITY Sites ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 3 Important Sites …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Site designations ……………………………………………………………………………….……………………………… 4 The Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty ……………………………………. ….. …………. 5 Statutory Sites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6 Sites of Special Scientific Interest ……………………………………………………………………………........... 7 Roadside Nature Reserve ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 County Wildlife Sites …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 Habitats and Land-Use …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 ECOSYSTEM Services ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Habitat and Land-use Mapping ……………………………………………………………………………………… 14 The Norfolk Rivers Trust & The River Glaven – Jonah Tosney ……………………………………….. 19 Pond Restoration in the Glaven Catchment – Carl Sayer ………………………………………………… 21 The Wild Trout Trust & The River Glaven – Tim Jacklin …………………………………………………… 23 Species ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24 Rare Species …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25 Otters In The Glaven Catchment …………………………………………………………………………………….. 25 Biodiversity Action Plan Priority species …………………………………………………………………………. 26 Crucian Carp – A Norfolk BAP Species ………………….. ………………………………………………………… 26 Invasive Non-Native Species …………………………………………………………………………………………….27 Crayfish In The River Glaven – Mike Sutton-Croft ……………………………………………………………..27 Historic Environment ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 28 Prehistoric Activity in the Glaven Catchment – Kelly Powell ………………………………………………28 Church Buildings Within the Glaven Catchment .…………………………………………………………….. 29 The Medieval Ports of the Glaven – Kelly Powell ……………………………………………………………… 30 Medieval Castles in the Glaven – Kelly Powell …………………………………………………….……………..31 Watermills ….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32 Deserted Medieval Village of Burgh Parva & St Mary’s Church ………………………….……………. 33 Weybourne Camp ..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 33 Water Quality ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 34 Improving the River Glaven for Fish & Eel Passage – The Environment Agency ..……….…….. 35 Getting Out in the Catchment ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36 The Norfolk Coast Path ………………………………………………………….………………………………………. 36 iii Holt Country Park ….……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 37 Getting Involved ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 38 River Glaven Conservation Group ………………………………..…………………………………………………. 38 The Gunthorpe Stream Project – Ian Shepherd …………………………………………………………….…. 39 Natural Surroundings – Andrew Cannon …………………………………………………………………………. 40 Species Recording …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41 The Countryside Code ……………………………………………………………………………….…….......................... 42 Glossary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….……………….. 43 Useful Web Links & References ….. ………………………………………………………..……………………………….. 45 iv FOR EWORD The River Glaven starts its journey from Lower Bodham, gently meandering through some beautiful countryside and picturesque Norfolk villages to meet the sea at Cley sluice. The river has a catchment area of 115 km 2 and is 17km long from source to sea. It has two major TRIBUTARIES , Stody Beck and Thornage Beck. Lakes and pond also play their part in the diverse wildlife and habitats associated with the river, Hempstead mill pond, Edgefield Hall Lake, Bayfield Hall Lake and Selbrigg Pond being a few worth seeing. The river is special in that it is a chalk river of which there are only around 200 in the world. It is surrounded by arable land, coniferous plantations, grazing meadows and wetlands. History has left its mark on the river with 6 surviving watermills - Hempstead, Hunworth, Thornage, Letheringsett, Letheringsett Brewery Mill and Glandford. Letheringsett Mill is still operational and is the only working watermill in Norfolk. For wildlife enthusiasts the river Glaven is a wonderful spot at which you are guaranteed to see something special. Water voles and otters are regular visitors along with Buzzards, Osprey, Barn Owls and Kingfishers. Sea Trout, White Clawed Crayfish, Eel and Brook Lampreys may be glimpsed in the clear waters. The river is also special for insects and INVERTEBRATES and includes a wide selection of Damselflies, Dragonflies and Hawkers. The 9 Chalk Rivers project recognises the important part the river plays in the wider area both for wildlife and people. The river has been diverted and modified (straightened) in places. It also suffers from silt build up from roads and adjacent farmland. There are some non native species such as Red Signal Crayfish which threaten our native White Clawed Crayfish population and so habitats need to be improved for species alongside the need for better flood storage solutions to safeguard communities. This chalk river is doubly rare in that public access alongside is very good. You can get close to the river and see for yourself its beauty and clarity. Perhaps a good starting point for a trip would be Natural Surroundings at Bayfield of which there is a nature reserve and visitor centre with parking, shop and tea room and from here it is a short walk to Glandford Mill. I hope you enjoy reading this guide for the river and please do see it for yourself. Norfolk is so lucky to be blessed with the presence of these amazing chalk rivers, which truly are gems of the natural world. However they do need our attention if we want to safeguard their future so if you want to get involved with the work of the project then we would love to hear from you. Gemma Clark - 9 Chalk Rivers Project Community Involvement Officer http://www.norfolkriverstrust.org/ v WELCOME The River Glaven is a North Norfolk chalk river which flows for 17 km from its source near Bodham to where it enters the sea behind Blakeney Point spit. Its catchment covers the area from Morston to Weybourne and south as far as Melton Constable. The boundary of the catchment can be seen on the map below. Partly included in the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), the Glaven catchment area has some fantastic scenery, important wildlife and heritage sites, a great variety of habitats and land uses and lots of wildlife. This report is written by Norfolk Biodiversity Information Service (NBIS) with contributions from people who live and work in the Glaven catchment. It brings together key information about the environment of the Glaven catchment, showcasing the important sites, species, habitats, geology and historic features of the area. It aims to inform, inspire and enthuse local people like you to get out and enjoy the Glaven area. The data included provides a baseline to be compared against in the future to show how the environment of the Glaven catchment is changing. If, after reading this State of the Environment Report, you want to find out more about particular aspects of the Glaven catchment environment, useful web links are provided on page 42. Definitions of words in SMALL CAPITALS are given in the glossary on page 40. The red outline on the map abo ve shows the boundary of the River Glaven catchment area. The blue line shows the River Glaven and its TRIBUTARIES . 1 LANDSCAPE AND GEODIVERSITY GEODIVERSITY underpins the landscape of the Glaven catchment. Natural processes have been working over many thousands