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ANNUAL REPORT CRR 2018 FACULTY and RESEARCH STAFF Columbia University Center for Radiological Research

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ANNUAL REPORT CRR 2018 FACULTY and RESEARCH STAFF Columbia University Center for Radiological Research Columbia University Center for Radiological Research THE CENTER FOR RADIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019 ANNUAL REPORT CRR 2018 FACULTY AND RESEARCH STAFF Columbia University Center for Radiological Research CONTENTS 2 Note from the Directors 3 Note from the Department Chair 4 CRR History Timeline 6 CRR 2019 Impact Our mission is to be 8 CRR Faculty & Research Staff on the forefront of radiological science 10 2019 Research Summaries and its applications in clinical medicine, 30 Education, Training & Outreach public health, and national defense. 31 On the Horizon at CRR 32 CRR Advisory Council 33 Sources of Support 34 Publications Contents 1 NOTE FROM THE DIRECTORS It continues to be an honor and privilege to lead the Columbia University Center for Radiological Research (CRR). For more than a century, the CRR has been a premier institution in radiation science and has led pioneering research into the biological effects of radiation. Our guiding mission is to be on the forefront of radiological science and its applications in clinical medicine, public health, and national defense. We would like to thank you for your support and reflect on some of the exciting research we conducted in 2019, including efforts to improve radiotherapy of prostate cancer; ongoing research on radiation biodosimetry and the development of agents for the mitigation of acute or late radiation effects; and efficacy and safety testing of the Differential Ultra-Violet Sterilizer, a cost-effective technology we developed that uses UV light to David J. Brenner, PhD, DSc kill drug-resistant bacteria. These are just a few of our exciting research projects in 2019, which you will read more about in the report. We are also thrilled to share what we have on the horizon—an exciting new project called FLASH radiotherapy that involves the ultra-fast delivery of radiotherapy treatment. Our goal is to understand how FLASH radiotherapy kills cancer cells while leaving nearby healthy tissue intact. In addition to FLASH radiotherapy, in early fall 2020 a booster linear accelerator (LINAC) will be installed at Columbia’s Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF), which will enable us to study heavy-ion radiation, a promising new form of radiation therapy. We are grateful to the CRR team and the CRR Advisory Council for all of the exiting developments we made over the past year. We are extremely proud of these accomplishments, and with your help we hope to achieve even more. Tom K. Hei, PhD Sincerely, DAVID J. BRENNER, PHD, DSC TOM K. HEI, PHD 2 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR RADIOLOGICAL RESEARCH NOTE FROM THE DEPARTMENT CHAIR I am delighted to serve as chair of the Department of Radiation Oncology at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians where I can help build and support one of the largest and oldest radiation research centers in the nation, the Columbia University Center for Radiological Research (CRR). Before arriving at Columbia, I was chair of the Department of Radiation Oncology at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. As a physician scientist, my focus has long been on transforming the standard of care for cancer patients through research and innovation. In my current role, I aim to strengthen the bridge between the CRR’s groundbreaking research in radiation science and clinical care in order to deliver the most effective cancer therapies. Towards this goal, physician scientists across the Department of Radiation Oncology, including Drs. Fred Wu, Eileen Connolly, and Simon Cheng, are working collaboratively with CRR investigators on some of the research projects highlighted in this report. In addition to promoting clinical excellence, technological innovation, and patient-centered research, I look forward to recruiting and mentoring the nation’s leading experts in radiation science. My goal is to ensure that Columbia’s radiation oncology department is among the best in the country. It is truly an honor to be joining this great academic medical center. Sincerely, LISA KACHNIC, MD, FASTRO NOTES FROM THE director & associate director 3 CRR HISTORY TIMELINE 1916 Dr. Gioacchino Failla, a student of Marie 1960 Dr. Harold H. Rossi is named the new and Curie, established the Radiological Research second RRL director. Laboratory (RRL), the predecessor of the Center for Radiological Research (CRR) at the New York’s Memorial Hospital to improve the 1967 In collaboration with the Brookhaven medical applications of radiation. National Laboratory Medical Research Center, the RRL establishes the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF), a unique 1919 Edith Quimby, the world’s first woman resource for radiobiology and radiological medical physicist, joins the RRL and develops physics. the “Quimby rules,” a set of guidelines for where to place radium needles within a tumor for maximum therapeutic efficiency. 1972 RRL faculty member, Dr. Eric J. Hall publishes Radiobiology for the Radiologist, the definitive radiation biology text for 1922 The RRL constructs of the first human students of radiology and radiation oncology, phantom in the US to determine the effects now in its eighth edition. of filtration and distance on X-ray fields in the human body. 1980 RARAF moves to Columbia University’s Nevis Laboratories, located on the grounds 1930 Dr. Gioacchino Failla, and fellow Marie of the 68-acre Nevis estate and mansion in Curie student and colleague, Dr. William Duane, Irvington, New York, established by one of design and construct the first radon generator Alexander Hamilton’s sons. in the US, greatly reducing the cost and improving the efficiency of radiotherapy, which was based on radium at this time. 1985 Dr. Eric J. Hall becomes the third director of the RRL, which is renamed the Center for Radiological Research (CRR). CRR Faculty 1942 The RRL moves to Columbia University appointments are made through the parent Irving Medical Center to its current location in Department of Radiation Oncology. the Vanderbilt Clinic. 1990’s RARAF designs and builds a 1950’s Dr. Harold H. Rossi establishes the field single-particle microbeam, one of the few of microdosimetry by providing the scientific devices in the country capable of irradiating underpinnings and equipment necessary microscopic structures inside individual cells. to measure radiation. The microdosimetric detector, or “Rossi proportional counter”, becomes vitally important for delivering accurate radiation therapy and providing radiation protection. 4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR RADIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1996 Three CRR faculty, Drs. David J. Brenner, 2007 CRR faculty members, Drs. David J. Tom K. Hei, and Howard B. Lieberman, are Brenner and Eric J. Hall publish an influential given joint appointments in the Department of paper in the New England Journal of Medicine Environmental Health Sciences at the Columbia on the increased risk of cancer from CT scans, University Mailman School of Public Health to particularly in children. Their research led to a address a growing need for educating national campaign to reduce CT exposure for public health professionals in the safe use children and resulted in the development of of radiation. pediatric settings on CT scan machines. 1997 Publications of a series of papers in 2008 Dr. David J. Brenner is named the new the Proceedings of the National Academy of and fourth CRR director. Sciences on the biological effects of single alpha particles to specific cellular targets by Dr. Tom K. Hei and other members of the 2010 Drs. David J. Brenner and Sally A. CRR help establish RARAF as the preeminent Amundson expand the CRR’s impact into the center for microbeam research. domain of national security by embarking on research to develop practical radiation dose assessment devices and techniques to be 1999 The CRR develops hypofractionated utilized in the event of large-scale radiological radiotherapy, which enables radiation to be incidents. given in larger doses and fewer treatments. Hypofractionated radiation becomes the universal standard treatment for prostate 2012 The CRR Advisory Council is established cancer - reducing radiotherapy visits from with Dr. P. Roy Vagelos serving as the 40 to just 5. Founding Chair. The CRR offers a 2005 RARAF procures a new accelerator, 2017 Master of Science the 5.5-megavolt Singletron, to support degree in Radiological Sciences, in conjunction development of a microbeam that can focus with the Department of Environmental Health protons and helium ions to within Sciences at the Columbia University Mailman <1 micrometer. School of Public Health. CRR faculty, in conjunction with the 2006 Dr. Howard B. Lieberman is elected 2018 Fellow of the American Association for the Department of Environmental Health Sciences Advancement of Science for his breakthrough at the Columbia University Mailman School of work in cloning yeast, mouse and human Rad9. Public Health, design and establish an annual The encoded protein, among other things, is Radiation Safety Officer training course to known to check for DNA damage, has been fulfill Nuclear Regulatory Commission training found to repair DNA breaks as well as other requirements for individuals working in types of damage, and is a key player in the academia and industry. regulation of radioresistance in cancer therapy. CRR History TIMELINE 5 CRR 2019 IMPACT THE CRR PROVIDES WE GET ADVISORS TO THE NATION THE WORD AND THE WORLD OUT! Sally A. Amundson IN 2019, CRR and Igor Shuryak RESEARCHERS represented the CRR PRESENTED as members of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements 4 (NCRP) Manuela Keynote addresses at Buonanno became international conferences a member of NCRP Program Area 10 Committee 7 Invited talks and Members of the CRR served on advisory boards for 5 the Environmental Protection Agency Posters at national and and the National international conferences Academies of Science 12 6 CRR members served on advisory Invited talks at Columbia boards for institutions and other universities in Japan, China, and the European Union 6 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR RADIOLOGICAL RESEARCH THE CRR PROVIDES THE CRR SUPPORTS LEADERSHIP, REPORTING BOTH LOCALLY AND OF ROBUST RESULTS INTERNATIONALLY Tom K.
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