Lucrările Simpozionului „Entomofagii Şi Rolul Lor În Păstrarea Echilibrului Natural”

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Lucrările Simpozionului „Entomofagii Şi Rolul Lor În Păstrarea Echilibrului Natural” ANALELE ŞTIINŢIFICE ALE UNIVERSITĂŢII „AL.I.CUZA” DIN IAŞI (SERIE NOUĂ) LUCRĂRILE SIMPOZIONULUI „ENTOMOFAGII ŞI ROLUL LOR ÎN PĂSTRAREA ECHILIBRULUI NATURAL” Editura Universităţii „Al.I.Cuza” din Iaşi 2005 COMITETUL DE REDACŢIE Redactor responsabil: Membri: Prof.dr. Gheorghe MUSTAŢĂ Secretar de redacţie: Prof.dr. Nicolae VALENCIUC Prof.dr. Sergiu HAIMOVICI Prof.dr. Mircea VARVARA Prof.dr. Iordache ION Şef. lucr. Luminiţa BEJENARU Prof.dr. Constantin PISICĂ Copertă: Telenomus heydeni Mayr, Prof.dr. Mircea VARVARA 1879 Prof.dr. Vasile HEFCO Foto: Asist. Ovidiu POPOVICI Tehnoredactare: Tehn. Alexandrina ATODIRESEI Lucrările simpozionului “Entomofagii şi rolul lor în păstrarea echilibrului natural” Universitatea “Al.I. Cuza” Iaşi, 2005 SUMAR IONEL ANDRIESCU - Prefaţă ….……………………………………………………... 5 MIRCEA-DAN MITROIU – A preliminaryfaunistic review of the Pteromalids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) of the Romanian protected areas ………... 7 LUCIAN FUSU - Encyrtid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) new for Romania’s fauna ……………………………………………………………… 15 CONSTANTIN PISICĂ - New contributions to the knowledge of the Ichneumonids (Hym. Ichneum.) which parasitise the phytophagous insects …………. 19 CAMIL ŞTEFAN LUNGU-CONSTANTINEANU - Contributions to the knowledge of Ichneumon flies (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Bârnova woody massif, Iaşi county …………………………………………………… 29 OVIDIU POPOVICI - Contributions regarding the genitalia in Platygaster eryngii Kieffer, 1926 (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea, Platygastridae) ………………………………………………………………………… 35 OVIDIU POPOVICI, LUCIAN FUSU - Preliminary studies to the knowledge of the maxillo-labial complex of some Scelionidae species ……………... 39 TEODOSIE PERJU – Parasitoids reared from insect pests of different agroecosystems ………………………………………………………………………... 47 GHEORGHE MUSTAŢĂ, MARIANA MUSTAŢĂ, ELENA FERARU GABRIELA PATRICHE - Parasitoids and hyperparasitoids in Plutella xylostella L. populations from Moldavia (Romania) ………………………… 55 ELENA FERARU, GHEORGHE MUSTAŢĂ, OTILIA BARNEA - The diversity of the parasitoids in some colonies of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) installed on grassy plants …………………………………………….…… 67 ELENA FERARU, GHEORGHE MUSTAŢĂ - Species of parasitoids that control the populations of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) from some orchards of Iasi and Vaslui counties …………………………………………………... 75 OTILIA BARNEA, MARIANA MUSTAŢĂ, GHEORGHE MUSTAŢĂ - The complex of parasitoids controling some colonies of Aphids …………………...... 87 OTILIA BARNEA, MARIANA MUSTAŢĂ, GHEORGHE MUSTAŢĂ, EUGENIA SIMION - The parasitoids complex which control the Aphis fabae Scop. colonies installed on different crop species and spontaneous plants …………… 99 IOAN MOGLAN - Le complexe parasitaire de Parthenolecanium rufulum (Cockerell) (Homoptera, Coccidae) en Roumanie …………………………………... 111 MIRCEA VARVARA - The taxonomic and ecological spectra of carabids (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the clearing ecosystem from the deciduous forests of Moldavia …………………………………………………………………... 117 MIRCEA VARVARA - The taxonomic and ecological spectra of carabids (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in three agroecosystems from Moldavia …………………... 131 GHEORGHE MUSTAŢĂ, MARIANA MUSTAŢĂ - Un veac de entomologie la Universitatea din Iaşi ………………………………………………………………. 147 GHEORGHE MUSTAŢĂ - Vieţi paralele închinate dezvoltării entomologiei româneşti ………………………………………………………………. 169 GHEORGHE MUSTAŢĂ - Profesorul Dumitru Bahrim (1935-2004) Lumina Interioară ……………………………………………………………………. 175 4 Lucrările simpozionului “Entomofagii şi rolul lor în păstrarea echilibrului natural” Universitatea “Al.I. Cuza” Iaşi, 2005 PREFAŢĂ În octombrie 1987, Profesorul Gh. Mustaţă de la Facultatea de Biologie a Universităţii „Al.I. Cuza”, organiza primul simpozion consacrat insectelor entomofage şi rolului lor în păstrarea echilibrului natural. Acel simpozion, la care au participat specialişti din toată ţara a constituit un succes deosebit în domeniu şi un volum cu o parte dintre lucrările simpozionului a fost publicat în 1990 sub egida Universităţii „Al.I. Cuza”. De atunci şi până astăzi, în cei aproape 20 de ani care au urmat, evenimente de importanţă istorică au avut loc în lume şi în ţara noastră, care au revoluţionat concepţiile şi atitudinile faţă de mijloacele de combatere a insectelor dăunătoare şi faţă de insectele entomofage, ca pilon principal al echilibrului natural în populaţiile insectelor fitofage şi ca mijloc preferabil şi eficient în combaterea biologică. Astfel în Statele Unite ale Americii protecţia plantelor prin care se asigură alimentele pentru instituţii de stat ca şcoli, aziluri, etc., trebuie realizată numai prin mijloace biologice, nepoluante. Pe de altă parte, în aproape 200 de laboratoare din lume se studiază şi se aplică combaterea biologică a numeroşi dăunători, cu ajutorul himenopterelor parazitoide oofage. În acelaşi timp atitudinea generală faţă de insectele entomofage s-a modificat esenţial, ele fiind considerate de forurile internaţionale ca una dintre rezervele cele mai importante ale patrimoniului natural, ca un factor determinat al asigurării biodiversităţii – „Increased efforts towards their study are essential and should be an integral component of future research strategies towards assessing the world’s biological diversity” (Lassale & Gauld, 1991). Zeci de întreprinderi private produc în prezent insecte entomofage pe care le comercializează, în vederea utilizării lor în combaterea biologică, iar Consiliul Europei, încă în 1990 publică în colecţia sa „Sauvegarde de la Nature”, sub semnăturile specialiştilor Gauld, Collins & Fitton, lucrarea „L’importance biologique et la conservation des hyménoptères en Europe”. În ce priveşte ţara noastră, mutaţiile survenite în studiul biodiversităţii şi utilizării himenopterelor parazitoide în combaterea biologică şi în general a insectelor entomofage, au cunoscut o amploare nemaiîntâlnită, în primul rând prin eforturile şcolii entomologice de la Iaşi, fondată de profesorul Ioan Borcea şi de elevul său profesorul M.I. Constantineanu şi dezvoltată de elevii acestuia din urmă, pe de o parte prin cercetări aplicative de fundamentare a combaterii biologice a dăunătorilor din livezi, din agricultură, silvicultură şi a dipterelor sinantrope, iar pe de altă parte prin cele peste 30 de teze de doctorat coordonate şi susţinute în domeniu. O altă direcţie a fost aceea didactică, a pregătirii tinerilor masteranzi în cadrul Secţiei Protecţia plantelor înfiinţată la Facultatea noastră de Biologie şi introducerea pentru prima dată a cursului de Combatere integrată şi biologică la secţia de Ecologie a Facultăţii. În sfârşit, evenimentele care au încununat această dezvoltare a domeniului, au fost înfiinţarea în anul 2005, în cadrul Facultăţii, a Centrului de Cercetare ştiinţifică „Biodiversitatea, Biologia şi utilizarea insectelor entomofage în combaterea biologică” şi, desigur, organizarea în 2004 a celui de al doilea Simpozion Naţional „Entomofagii şi rolul lor în păstrarea echilibrului natural” – „Un veac de Entomologie la Universitatea „Al.I. Cuza” – Iaşi, manifestare la a cărei realizare şi de data aceasta în rol important l-a avut colegul nostru, profesor dr. Gheorghe Mustaţă. Treizeci şi opt de specialişti din ţară au participat, în zilele de 13-14 noiembrie 2004 la acest simpozion, prezentând 37 de comunicări dintre care mare parte îşi găsesc locul în prezentul volum. Găsim aici articole destinate Morfologiei şi Taxonomiei himenopterelor entomofage şi complexelor parazitoide care reglează nivelul populaţiilor de insecte fitofage şi mai ales a unor specii de afide. Nu lipsesc nici rezultatele cercetărilor privind insectele prădătoare precum coleopterele carabide. Deosebit de îmbucurător este faptul că, alături de cei în vârstă şi conducători de doctorat, se manifestă generaţi de entomologi tineri de mare valoare, cu rezultate care pătrund deja în patrimoniul ştiinţific mondial şi care constituie asigurarea dezvoltării domeniului în direcţiile moderne ale cunoaşterii şi protecţiei biodiversităţii şi folosirii acestor auxiliari în protecţia biologică, nepoluantă a plantelor şi sănătăţii populaţiei. Prof.dr. Ionel ANDRIESCU 6 Lucrările simpozionului “Entomofagii şi rolul lor în păstrarea echilibrului natural” Universitatea “Al.I. Cuza” Iaşi, 2005 A PRELIMINARY FAUNISTIC REVIEW OF THE PTEROMALIDS (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA, PTEROMALIDAE) OF THE ROMANIAN PROTECTED AREAS BY MIRCEA-DAN MITROIU1 AND IONEL ANDRIESCU1 Key words: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae, diversity, Romania, national parks, natural reserves, new species to Romania. In this paper the diversity of the pteromalids in the Romanian protected areas is reviewed. The list includes 130 species in 70 genera and 14 subfamilies from 11 national parks and natural reserves. However, most of the Romanian protected areas were not investigated yet. Their known distribution followed by references is presented for each species. The genus Rohatina Bouček, 1954 and the species R. inermis Bouček, 1954, R. monstrosa Bouček, 1954, Gastrancistrus puncticollis (Thomson, 1876) and Trigonoderus cyanescens (Förster, 1841) are new to Romania. Introduction The importance of the natural reserves for the study and the protection of the biodiversity is well known. This is also true for the parasitic wasps, as Andriescu pointed out (2001). Regarding the pteromalid fauna of the Romanian protected areas, there are only a few available studies. Erdös (1947, 1948) listed 18 species from Rodnei Mountains (today Rodna National Park) and later Mitroiu (2004) added two more species. Boguleanu (1958) mentioned
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