Biological Control and Pollination in Cider Apple Orchards: a Socio-Ecological
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Diptera: Calyptratae)
Systematic Entomology (2020), DOI: 10.1111/syen.12443 Protein-encoding ultraconserved elements provide a new phylogenomic perspective of Oestroidea flies (Diptera: Calyptratae) ELIANA BUENAVENTURA1,2 , MICHAEL W. LLOYD2,3,JUAN MANUEL PERILLALÓPEZ4, VANESSA L. GONZÁLEZ2, ARIANNA THOMAS-CABIANCA5 andTORSTEN DIKOW2 1Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany, 2National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, U.S.A., 3The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, U.S.A., 4Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, U.S.A. and 5Department of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain Abstract. The diverse superfamily Oestroidea with more than 15 000 known species includes among others blow flies, flesh flies, bot flies and the diverse tachinid flies. Oestroidea exhibit strikingly divergent morphological and ecological traits, but even with a variety of data sources and inferences there is no consensus on the relationships among major Oestroidea lineages. Phylogenomic inferences derived from targeted enrichment of ultraconserved elements or UCEs have emerged as a promising method for resolving difficult phylogenetic problems at varying timescales. To reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among families of Oestroidea, we obtained UCE loci exclusively derived from the transcribed portion of the genome, making them suitable for larger and more integrative phylogenomic studies using other genomic and transcriptomic resources. We analysed datasets containing 37–2077 UCE loci from 98 representatives of all oestroid families (except Ulurumyiidae and Mystacinobiidae) and seven calyptrate outgroups, with a total concatenated aligned length between 10 and 550 Mb. About 35% of the sampled taxa consisted of museum specimens (2–92 years old), of which 85% resulted in successful UCE enrichment. -
Hairy Rose Beetle - Tropinota Squalida Scop
Hairy rose beetle - Tropinota squalida Scop. flickr.com The beetle is very similar to the related Epicometis (Tropinota) hirta. The body is flat, rectangular-shaped (length 8-13 mm), grayish black in colour. All surfaces of the body are covered with yellowish-hairs. The elytrae are black, with small yellowish flecks. In male beetles, on the abdominal side there is a longitudinal hollow - this is a clear morphological difference from E. hirta, which has no hollow. Other differences in morphology between T. squalida and E. hirta are not easily visible and telling apart of female specimens require taxonomic knowledge. Host plants: The adult beetle causes damage to flowers of citrus, apple, The beetle, which is caught in the trap strawberries and many other spring-blossoming plants. The beetle chews the petals, staminae and stigmae thus rendering the flower infertile. It can damage not only flowers in full blossom, but also in the bud stage. Its damage is similar to that of the closely related scarabs E. hirta and Oxythyrea funesta The grub (larva) lives in the soil, feeds on rotting plant material, it causes no damage. The trap should be suspended in orchards from lower branches or placed on the soil by the trunks of trees. In strawberry fields the trap should be set on the soil, fastened to a pole. It is of utmost importance that the blue coloured upper funnel of the trap be in contact with sunshine as long as possible during the day; beetles do not like to come into traps in the shade. Usual beginning of trapping in Sicily is middle of March, in any case it is advisable to set up traps several days before blossoming starts. -
UNIVERSITY of READING Delivering Biodiversity and Pollination Services on Farmland
UNIVERSITY OF READING Delivering biodiversity and pollination services on farmland: a comparison of three wildlife- friendly farming schemes Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Agri-Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development Chloe J. Hardman June 2016 Declaration I confirm that this is my own work and the use of all material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged. Chloe Hardman i Abstract Gains in food production through agricultural intensification have come at an environmental cost, including reductions in habitat diversity, species diversity and some ecosystem services. Wildlife- friendly farming schemes aim to mitigate the negative impacts of agricultural intensification. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of three schemes using four matched triplets of farms in southern England. The schemes were: i) a baseline of Entry Level Stewardship (ELS: a flexible widespread government scheme, ii) organic agriculture and iii) Conservation Grade (CG: a prescriptive, non-organic, biodiversity-focused scheme). We examined how effective the schemes were in supporting habitat diversity, species diversity, floral resources, pollinators and pollination services. Farms in CG and organic schemes supported higher habitat diversity than farms only in ELS. Plant and butterfly species richness were significantly higher on organic farms and butterfly species richness was marginally higher on CG farms compared to farms in ELS. The species richness of plants, butterflies, solitary bees and birds in winter was significantly correlated with local habitat diversity. Organic farms supported more evenly distributed floral resources and higher nectar densities compared to farms in CG or ELS. Compared to maximum estimates of pollen demand from six bee species, only organic farms supplied sufficient pollen in late summer. -
Review of the Diet and Micro-Habitat Values for Wildlife and the Agronomic Potential of Selected Grassland Plant Species
Report Number 697 Review of the diet and micro-habitat values for wildlifeand the agronomic potential of selected grassland plant species English Nature Research Reports working today for nature tomorrow English Nature Research Reports Number 697 Review of the diet and micro-habitat values for wildlife and the agronomic potential of selected grassland plant species S.R. Mortimer, R. Kessock-Philip, S.G. Potts, A.J. Ramsay, S.P.M. Roberts & B.A. Woodcock Centre for Agri-Environmental Research University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR A. Hopkins, A. Gundrey, R. Dunn & J. Tallowin Institute for Grassland and Environmental Research North Wyke Research Station, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB J. Vickery & S. Gough British Trust for Ornithology The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU You may reproduce as many additional copies of this report as you like for non-commercial purposes, provided such copies stipulate that copyright remains with English Nature, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA. However, if you wish to use all or part of this report for commercial purposes, including publishing, you will need to apply for a licence by contacting the Enquiry Service at the above address. Please note this report may also contain third party copyright material. ISSN 0967-876X © Copyright English Nature 2006 Project officer Heather Robertson, Terrestrial Wildlife Team [email protected] Contractor(s) (where appropriate) S.R. Mortimer, R. Kessock-Philip, S.G. Potts, A.J. Ramsay, S.P.M. Roberts & B.A. Woodcock Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR A. -
Taxonomie Und Verbreitung Von Valgus Hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Valgini) 197-219 VERNATE 33/2014 S
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Veröffentlichungen des Naturkundemuseums Erfurt (in Folge VERNATE) Jahr/Year: 2014 Band/Volume: 33 Autor(en)/Author(s): Rössner Eckehard Artikel/Article: Taxonomie und Verbreitung von Valgus hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Valgini) 197-219 VERNATE 33/2014 S. 197-219 Taxonomie und Verbreitung von Valgus hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Valgini) ECKEHARD RÖSSNER Zusammenfassung Einleitung Bei der Untersuchung umfangreichen Materials von Der im deutschsprachigen Raum als Stolperkäfer oder Valgus hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) aus dem gesam- Bohrscharrkäfer bezeichnete Valgus hemipterus (Lin- ten bis heute bekannt gewordenen Verbreitungsgebiet naeus, 1758) gehört zu den Rosenkäfern im weiteren stellte sich heraus, dass die Art in zwei Unterarten auf- Sinne (Unterfamilie Cetoniinae) und ist im paläarkti- gespalten werden muss. Valgus hemipterus meridiona- schen Faunengebiet die populärste Art des Tribus Val- lis n. ssp. unterscheidet sich von der nominotypischen gini. Dies liegt an der weiten Verbreitung der Art, die Unterart vor allem im männlichen Genital. Die Unterart fast ganz Europa einschließt, an der relativ hohen Fund- kommt im Iran (Zagros- und Elburs-Gebirge), in der häufigkeit, und nicht zuletzt an ihrem etwas skurrilen Süd-Türkei (Taurus-Gebirge) und in der Levante (Sy- Aussehen. Die Oberseite des Käfers ist beschuppt, das rien, Libanon, Israel) vor und erreicht Höhenlagen bis Pronotum sehr uneben und die Elytren lassen Propygi- 2300 m. Dabei sind die Unterschiede in der externen dium und Pygidium frei. Hinzu kommt ein auffallen- Morphologie zwischen Populationen der neuen Unter- der Geschlechtsdimorphismus: Das Weibchen besitzt art aus dem Iran und denen der nominotypische Unter- einen Legestachel, der fast ein Fünftel der gesamten art besonders deutlich. -
Millichope Park and Estate Invertebrate Survey 2020
Millichope Park and Estate Invertebrate survey 2020 (Coleoptera, Diptera and Aculeate Hymenoptera) Nigel Jones & Dr. Caroline Uff Shropshire Entomology Services CONTENTS Summary 3 Introduction ……………………………………………………….. 3 Methodology …………………………………………………….. 4 Results ………………………………………………………………. 5 Coleoptera – Beeetles 5 Method ……………………………………………………………. 6 Results ……………………………………………………………. 6 Analysis of saproxylic Coleoptera ……………………. 7 Conclusion ………………………………………………………. 8 Diptera and aculeate Hymenoptera – true flies, bees, wasps ants 8 Diptera 8 Method …………………………………………………………… 9 Results ……………………………………………………………. 9 Aculeate Hymenoptera 9 Method …………………………………………………………… 9 Results …………………………………………………………….. 9 Analysis of Diptera and aculeate Hymenoptera … 10 Conclusion Diptera and aculeate Hymenoptera .. 11 Other species ……………………………………………………. 12 Wetland fauna ………………………………………………….. 12 Table 2 Key Coleoptera species ………………………… 13 Table 3 Key Diptera species ……………………………… 18 Table 4 Key aculeate Hymenoptera species ……… 21 Bibliography and references 22 Appendix 1 Conservation designations …………….. 24 Appendix 2 ………………………………………………………… 25 2 SUMMARY During 2020, 811 invertebrate species (mainly beetles, true-flies, bees, wasps and ants) were recorded from Millichope Park and a small area of adjoining arable estate. The park’s saproxylic beetle fauna, associated with dead wood and veteran trees, can be considered as nationally important. True flies associated with decaying wood add further significant species to the site’s saproxylic fauna. There is also a strong -
Diversity and Resource Choice of Flower-Visiting Insects in Relation to Pollen Nutritional Quality and Land Use
Diversity and resource choice of flower-visiting insects in relation to pollen nutritional quality and land use Diversität und Ressourcennutzung Blüten besuchender Insekten in Abhängigkeit von Pollenqualität und Landnutzung Vom Fachbereich Biologie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doctor rerum naturalium genehmigte Dissertation von Dipl. Biologin Christiane Natalie Weiner aus Köln Berichterstatter (1. Referent): Prof. Dr. Nico Blüthgen Mitberichterstatter (2. Referent): Prof. Dr. Andreas Jürgens Tag der Einreichung: 26.02.2016 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 29.04.2016 Darmstadt 2016 D17 2 Ehrenwörtliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit ehrenwörtlich, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit entsprechend den Regeln guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis selbständig und ohne unzulässige Hilfe Dritter angefertigt habe. Sämtliche aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommene Gedanken sowie sämtliche von Anderen direkt oder indirekt übernommene Daten, Techniken und Materialien sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Die Arbeit wurde bisher keiner anderen Hochschule zu Prüfungszwecken eingereicht. Osterholz-Scharmbeck, den 24.02.2016 3 4 My doctoral thesis is based on the following manuscripts: Weiner, C.N., Werner, M., Linsenmair, K.-E., Blüthgen, N. (2011): Land-use intensity in grasslands: changes in biodiversity, species composition and specialization in flower-visitor networks. Basic and Applied Ecology 12 (4), 292-299. Weiner, C.N., Werner, M., Linsenmair, K.-E., Blüthgen, N. (2014): Land-use impacts on plant-pollinator networks: interaction strength and specialization predict pollinator declines. Ecology 95, 466–474. Weiner, C.N., Werner, M , Blüthgen, N. (in prep.): Land-use intensification triggers diversity loss in pollination networks: Regional distinctions between three different German bioregions Weiner, C.N., Hilpert, A., Werner, M., Linsenmair, K.-E., Blüthgen, N. -
Quaderni Del Museo Civico Di Storia Naturale Di Ferrara
ISSN 2283-6918 Quaderni del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Ferrara Anno 2018 • Volume 6 Q 6 Quaderni del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Ferrara Periodico annuale ISSN. 2283-6918 Editor: STEFA N O MAZZOTT I Associate Editors: CARLA CORAZZA , EM A N UELA CAR I A ni , EN R ic O TREV is A ni Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Ferrara, Italia Comitato scientifico / Advisory board CE S ARE AN DREA PA P AZZO ni FI L ipp O Picc OL I Università di Modena Università di Ferrara CO S TA N ZA BO N AD im A N MAURO PELL I ZZAR I Università di Ferrara Ferrara ALE ss A N DRO Min ELL I LU ci O BO N ATO Università di Padova Università di Padova MAURO FA S OLA Mic HELE Mis TR I Università di Pavia Università di Ferrara CARLO FERRAR I VALER I A LE nci O ni Università di Bologna Museo delle Scienze di Trento PI ETRO BRA N D M AYR CORRADO BATT is T I Università della Calabria Università Roma Tre MAR C O BOLOG N A Nic KLA S JA nss O N Università di Roma Tre Linköping University, Sweden IRE N EO FERRAR I Università di Parma In copertina: Fusto fiorale di tornasole comune (Chrozophora tintoria), foto di Nicola Merloni; sezione sottile di Micrite a foraminiferi planctonici del Cretacico superiore (Maastrichtiano), foto di Enrico Trevisani; fiore di digitale purpurea (Digitalis purpurea), foto di Paolo Cortesi; cardo dei lanaioli (Dipsacus fullonum), foto di Paolo Cortesi; ala di macaone (Papilio machaon), foto di Paolo Cortesi; geco comune o tarantola (Tarentola mauritanica), foto di Maurizio Bonora; occhio della sfinge del gallio (Macroglossum stellatarum), foto di Nicola Merloni; bruco della farfalla Calliteara pudibonda, foto di Maurizio Bonora; piumaggio di pernice dei bambù cinese (Bambusicola toracica), foto dell’archivio del Museo Civico di Lentate sul Seveso (Monza). -
Natur Und Heimat, 75
Natur und Heimat, 75. Jahrg., Heft 3, 2015 Die Fliegenfauna (Diptera, Brachycera) eines Feldrains in Kirchhellen (Nordrhein-Westfalen) vor 30 Jahren Jürgen Danielzik (Bottrop) Einleitung Über nordrhein-westfälische Fliegen sind in den letzten 10 bis 20 Jahren einige Arbeiten erschienen, die den Erforschungsstand über unsere Fliegen fauna wesentlich verbessert haben. Zu nennen sind hier in erster Linie die zahlreichen Arbeiten von DREES (z. B. 1999, 2007/2008, 2011, 2012, 2013) über die Hagener Dipterenfauna, von WoLFF (2005) über die Asiliden in NRW und von FREUNDT et al. (2005) über die Syrphidenfauna NRWs. Einige andere Arbeiten seien noch erwähnt, die die Dipterenfauna von Naturschutz gebieten (DREES 2003a, 2003b), eines Biotops (FREUNDT, 1999), und von Kiesgruben und einem Vorstadtgarten (TscHORSNIG, 1996) zum Inhalt ha ben. In allen o. g. Arbeiten betrachten die Autoren jeweils die Arten einer Fa milie, etwa der Musciden (DREES 2007/2008), Syrphiden (FREUNDT, 1999), Tachinidae (TSCHORSNIG 1996), während Arbeiten über die Dipterengemein schaft an einem Feldrain oder ähnlichen ruderalen Vegetationsbeständen (Straßenränder, Ödländer) mir aus der einschlägigen Literatur nicht bekannt sind. Beteiligt an der Fliegenfauna des hier vorgestellten Feldrains in Kirch hellen (Stadt Bottrop, MTB 4407) waren mindestens 82 Arten aus 24 Flie genfamilien. Die Bearbeitung historischer Dipterenaufsammlungen bringt, wie die Arbeiten von DUNK (1993) und ZIEGLER & MENZEL (2000) belegen, für die faunistische Erforschung eines Landes oder Großraumes wichtige Er gebnisse. Die hier vorgelegte Arbeit basiert auf Aufsammlungen aus den 80er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts. Die Ergebnisse stellen einen interessan ten Beitrag zur Fliegenfauna Westfalens dar, da sie Vertreter aus zahl reichen Fliegenfamilien berücksichtigten. Der Feldrain (Ortsbeschreibung, Flora und Vegetation) Der Feldrain liegt in Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) im Raum zwischen Lippe und Emscher ca. -
Competition Between Honeybees and Wild Danish Bees in an Urban Area
Competition between honeybees and wild Danish bees in an urban area Thomas Blindbæk 20072975 Master thesis MSc Aarhus University Department of bioscience Supervised by Yoko Luise Dupont 60 ECTS Master thesis English title: Competition between honeybees and wild Danish bees in an urban area Danish title: Konkurrence mellem honningbier og vilde danske bier i et bymiljø Author: Thomas Blindbæk Project supervisor: Yoko Luise Dupont, institute for bioscience, Silkeborg department Date: 16/06/17 Front page: Andrena fulva, photo by Thomas Blindbæk 2 Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................ 5 Resumé ........................................................................................................ 6 Introduction .................................................................................................. 7 Honeybees .............................................................................................. 7 Pollen specialization and nesting preferences of wild bees .............................. 7 Competition ............................................................................................. 8 The urban environment ........................................................................... 10 Study aims ............................................................................................ 11 Methods ...................................................................................................... 12 Pan traps .............................................................................................. -
A Trait-Based Approach Laura Roquer Beni Phd Thesis 2020
ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Pollinator communities and pollination services in apple orchards: a trait-based approach Laura Roquer Beni PhD Thesis 2020 Pollinator communities and pollination services in apple orchards: a trait-based approach Tesi doctoral Laura Roquer Beni per optar al grau de doctora Directors: Dr. Jordi Bosch i Dr. Anselm Rodrigo Programa de Doctorat en Ecologia Terrestre Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) Universitat de Autònoma de Barcelona Juliol 2020 Il·lustració de la portada: Gala Pont @gala_pont Al meu pare, a la meva mare, a la meva germana i al meu germà Acknowledgements Se’m fa impossible resumir tot el que han significat per mi aquests anys de doctorat. Les qui em coneixeu més sabeu que han sigut anys de transformació, de reptes, d’aprendre a prioritzar sense deixar de cuidar allò que és important. Han sigut anys d’equilibris no sempre fàcils però molt gratificants. Heu sigut moltes les persones que m’heu acompanyat, d’una manera o altra, en el transcurs d’aquest projecte de creixement vital i acadèmic, i totes i cadascuna de vosaltres, formeu part del resultat final. -
Bees and Wasps of the East Sussex South Downs
A SURVEY OF THE BEES AND WASPS OF FIFTEEN CHALK GRASSLAND AND CHALK HEATH SITES WITHIN THE EAST SUSSEX SOUTH DOWNS Steven Falk, 2011 A SURVEY OF THE BEES AND WASPS OF FIFTEEN CHALK GRASSLAND AND CHALK HEATH SITES WITHIN THE EAST SUSSEX SOUTH DOWNS Steven Falk, 2011 Abstract For six years between 2003 and 2008, over 100 site visits were made to fifteen chalk grassland and chalk heath sites within the South Downs of Vice-county 14 (East Sussex). This produced a list of 227 bee and wasp species and revealed the comparative frequency of different species, the comparative richness of different sites and provided a basic insight into how many of the species interact with the South Downs at a site and landscape level. The study revealed that, in addition to the character of the semi-natural grasslands present, the bee and wasp fauna is also influenced by the more intensively-managed agricultural landscapes of the Downs, with many species taking advantage of blossoming hedge shrubs, flowery fallow fields, flowery arable field margins, flowering crops such as Rape, plus plants such as buttercups, thistles and dandelions within relatively improved pasture. Some very rare species were encountered, notably the bee Halictus eurygnathus Blüthgen which had not been seen in Britain since 1946. This was eventually recorded at seven sites and was associated with an abundance of Greater Knapweed. The very rare bees Anthophora retusa (Linnaeus) and Andrena niveata Friese were also observed foraging on several dates during their flight periods, providing a better insight into their ecology and conservation requirements.