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Eritrea Ministry of Land, Water and Environment Department of Environment THE STATE OF ERITREA MINISTRY OF LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT REVISED NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN FOR ERITREA (2014-2020) November 2015 Asmara, Eritrea Foreword ii__________________________________________________________________________________________________ REVISED NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN FOR ERITREA (2014 - 2020) ACRONYMS AZE Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites (AZE) BD: Biological Diversity or Biodiversity CBD: Convention on Biological Diversity CBO: Community Based Organization COMSAT: College of Marine Science and Technology COP: Conference of the Parties CITE: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild Fauna and Flora CMI: Coastal and Marine Islands DKB: Debubawi Keih Bahri (Southern Red Sea) DoE: Department of Environment DoL: Department of Land DoWR: Department of Water Resources EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment EIT: Eritrean Institute of Technology FAO: Food and Agriculture Organisation FWA: Forestry and Wildlife Authority GDP: Gross Domestic Product GEF: Global Environment Facility GOE: Government of Eritrea HAC: Hamelmalo Agricultural College ICAM: Integrated Coastal Area Management ICARDA: International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas ICRISAT: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ITPGRFA: International Treaty of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture IPM: Integrated Pest Management IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature MARPOL: International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships MoEM: Ministry of Energy and Mines MoA: Ministry of Agriculture MoLG: Ministry of Local Government MoMR: Ministry of Marine Resources MoND: Ministry of National Development MoT: Ministry of Tourism MoLWE: Ministry of Land Water and Environment MSY: Maximum Sustainable Yield NAPA: National Adaptation Programme of Action NARI: National Agricultural Research Institution NBSAP: National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NEMP-E: National Environmental Management Plan for Eritrea NGO’s: Non-Governmental Organisations NUEW: National Union of Eritrean Women NUEYS: National Union of Eritrean Youth and Students ODS Ozone Depleting Substances PA: Protected Area PGR: Plant Genetic Resource PHS Population and Health Survey PIC: Planning and Implementation Committee PPAs: Proposed Protected Areas SDM: Semenawi and Debubawi Bahri SFM: Sustainable Financial Management SKB: Semenawi Keih Bahri (Northern Red Sea) iii__________________________________________________________________________________________________ REVISED NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN FOR ERITREA (2014 - 2020) SLM: Sustainable Land Management UNDP: United Nations Development Programme UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizations UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change iv__________________________________________________________________________________________________ REVISED NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN FOR ERITREA (2014 - 2020) v__________________________________________________________________________________________________ REVISED NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN FOR ERITREA (2014 - 2020) TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... vi PREFACE ............................................................................................................viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ x 1.1Background and Context .........................................................................................x 1.2The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) .....................................................x CHAPTER 2: COUNTRY PROFILE ................................................................... 11 2.1 Location ..................................................................................................................11 2.2 Population ..............................................................................................................11 2.3 Climate and Geography ........................................................................................11 2.4 Government ...........................................................................................................12 2.5 Economy .................................................................................................................12 CHAPTER 3: THE STATUS OF BIODIVERSITY IN ERITREA ................... 15 3.1 Terrestrial Biodiversity .........................................................................................18 3.1.1 Terrestrial Biodiversity at the Ecosystem Level ........................................19 3.1.2 Terrestrial Biodiversity at the Species Level .............................................20 3.2 Coastal, Marine and Island Biodiversity .............................................................23 3.3 Agricultural Biodiversity ......................................................................................26 3.3.1 Crop genetic diversity: .................................................................................26 3.3.2 Pasture species: .............................................................................................29 3.3.3 Trees and Shrubs Important for Agriculture:...........................................29 3.3.4 Livestock diversity: ......................................................................................29 3.3.5 Status of Agricultural Biodiversity .............................................................31 3.3.6 Agricultural biodiversity conservation .......................................................34 3.4 Taxonomic knowledge ...........................................................................................35 CHAPTER 4: NATIONAL POLICY, LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................. 36 4.1 Institutional Context .............................................................................................36 4.1.1 National Level Institutional Context .........................................................36 4.1.2 Regional/Zonal Level Institutional Context ..............................................38 4.1.3 Sub-Regional Level Institutional Context .................................................39 4.1.4 Community level institutional Context: ....................................................39 4.2 Policy and Legal Context ......................................................................................40 4.2.1 National level policy and legal context .......................................................40 4.3 Current analysis of institutional, policy and legal framework ..........................50 CHAPTER 5: STRATEGIC GOALS AND ACTION PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY ............................................................................... 52 5.1 Vision 52 5.2 Mission 52 5.3 General Principles .................................................................................................52 5.4 Overall Objectives .................................................................................................53 5.4.1 Terrestrial Biodiversity ................................................................................54 5.4.2 Coastal, marine and Island Biodiversity ....................................................54 5.4.3 Agricultural Biodiversity .............................................................................54 5.5 Strategic Goals and Biodiversity Targets ............................................................54 5.5.1 General Targets ............................................................................................58 vi__________________________________________________________________________________________________ REVISED NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN FOR ERITREA (2014 - 2020) 5.5.2 Ecosystem-specific Targets: ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.5.2 Ecosystem-specific Targets: .........................................................................63 CHAPTER 6: IMPLEMENATION ARRANGEMENTS ................................. 135 6.1 Implementation Mechanism ...............................................................................135 6.2 Monitoring and Evaluation ................................................................................136 6.3 Lessons learned ....................................................................................................136 List of contributors/ participants in NBSAP updating process ........................ 140 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 142 Annexes_____________________________________________________ ANNEX 1: Marine birds recorded and their status along the Red Sea. ECMIB Bird Team Unpublished Report, 2008 ..........................................................................148 ANNEX 2: Common and local (Afar) names and IUCN Category of Sea Turtles in Eritrea. ECMIB Sea Turtle Unpublished Report, 2008 ............................................150 ANNEXE 3: Genera of Corals (44) found n the Eritrean Red Sea. ECMIB Coral Unpublished
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