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Aquaculture Asia April Jan 07 Draft.Indd Aquaculture Asia, vol. 12, no. 2, pp.1-50, April-June 2007 Item Type monograph Publisher Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific Download date 29/09/2021 15:03:23 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/18372 ISSN 0859-600X Volume XII No. 2 April-June 2007 Towards sustainable monodon culture in Sri Lanka Optimal nutrition for marine fish Development of green mussel cultivation in Thailand Producing high-quality fish seed Aquaculture of sea-pineapple in Japan Selective breeding of river catfish Aquaculture Asia Volume XII No. 2 ISSN 0859-600X is an autonomous publication April-June 2007 that gives people in developing countries a voice. The views and opinions expressed herein are Capacity needed in broodstock management those of the contributors and do not represent the policies or There are indications that the seed quality of some important cultured freshwater position of NACA. fi sh species in Asia have declined. The cause of the decline in seed quality is unknown, but there is a perception amongst government technical agencies that poor broodstock management practices (genetic and husbandry) are a contributing factor. Few public or private sector hatcheries in the region have Editor effective broodstock management plans in place. Seed production is often based Simon Wilkinson on a handful of fi sh that may have been imported in some cases decades ago, [email protected] creating considerable potential for genetic deterioration if broodstock have not been carefully managed. When problems with seed quality are observed such as reduced growth rate the Editorial Consultant most common coping strategy is to try and introduce ‘fresh’ broodstock from an Pedro Bueno outside supplier, which may be no better managed, and frequently by requesting assistance from another country. A ‘quick fi x’ perhaps, assuming that the source stock are actually in better condition (they may not be), but not really a sustainable solution as it does not address the underlying problem of the need for better NACA broodstock management practices. An intergovernmental organization that promotes The translocation of broodstock within the region also has its own risks. Firstly, rural development through there is a substantial risk of homogenizing genetically distinct fi sh populations. sustainable aquaculture. NACA Accidental escapes from aquaculture facilities happen with monotonous regularity, seeks to improve rural income, and the deliberate restocking of public waters is frequently undertaken without increase food production and reference to the genetic diversity of receiving populations. It also creates the risk foreign exchange earnings and of introducing serious exotic pathogens into key seed supplies, an event that has to diversify farm production. The frequently occurred throughout the aquaculture sector leading in some cases to ultimate benefi ciaries of NACA massive and ongoing economic losses throughout the region. activities are farmers and rural communities. There is a real need to identify issues and strategies for building capacity in broodstock management that will assist countries in the region to sustain quality seed production. This is not only a prerequisite for reducing reliance on imported broodstock and seed, it will also underpin the possibility of selecting representative Contact broodstock for restocking public waters and developing or maintaining genetically The Editor, Aquaculture Asia improved strains for farming purposes. Look to this to become increasingly a PO Box 1040 burning issue in future. Kasetsart Post Offi ce Bangkok 10903, Thailand Starting this issue you’ll fi nd a new section on the last page, the ‘NACA Bookshelf’. Tel +66-2 561 1728 The purpose of this section is to highlight key publications of interest to readers Fax +66-2 561 1727 who may not have regular internet access, and who may not be able to visit www. Email: enaca.org often. We hope that this section will help raise awareness of some of the [email protected] fantastic publications that are available for free download on the NACA website, Website http://www.enaca.org and maybe encourage the occasional visit to an internet cafe to obtain them, and some of the other 780 or so publications that are available there. In this fi rst printing of the ‘bookshelf’, we have focussed on some of NACA’s fl agship and most popular publications from the last couple of years, which should be on the ‘bookshelf’ of every serious aquaculturist. Future issues will emphasise new publications as they are published on the web. Printed by Scand-Media Co., Ltd. 1 In this issue Sustainable aquaculture Towards sustainability of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon farming in Sri Lanka 3 D.E.M. Weerakoon An economic analysis of stock enhancement of Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus in Iran 8 Opposite. Hassan Salehi Aquaculture and environmental sustainability in Thailand: Food or fi nancial security? 12 Jamie Stewart and Ram C. Bhujel People in aquaculture Cage fi sh culture - successful income generation in manmade reservoir Kulekhani, Markhu, Nepal 16 Page 8. Ash Kumar Rai and Suresh Kumar Wagle Peter Edwards writes on rural aquaculture: Diversifi cation of rice farming alleviates poverty in a Bangladesh village 18 Research and farming techniques Aquaculture of sea-pineapple, Halocynthia roretzi in Japan 21 TTT. Nguyen, N. Taniguchi, M. Nakajima, U. Na-Nakorn, N. Sukumasavin, K. Yamamoto Page 18. Development of green mussel cultivation in Thailand: Sriracha Bay, Chonburi Province 24 Suriyan Tunkijjanukij and Alongot Intarachart Selective breeding for growth and fi llet yield of river catfi sh Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam 26 Nguyen Van Sang, Nguyen Van Hao, Dinh Hung, Pham Dinh Khoi, Bui Thi Lien Ha, Vu Hai Dinh, Nguyen Dien Page 21. Genetics and biodiversity Fish for life: Producing high quality fi sh seed in rural areas of Asia 28 David C. Little, Benoy K. Barman and Corinne Critchlow-Watton Asia-Pacifi c Marine Finfi sh Aquaculture Network Magazine Utilisation of local feed ingredients in tiger grouper grow out moist diets 33 Usman, Rachmansyah, Neltje N. Palinggi and Taufi k Ahmad Page 24. Optimal nutrition for marine fi sh 37 Arjen Roem SEAFDEC tests its feed formulations for marine fi shes 38 NACA Newsletter 42 Page 33. 2 Aquaculture Asia Magazine Sustainable aquaculture Towards sustainability of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) farming in Sri Lanka D.E.M. Weerakoon PhD Director General, National Aquaculture Development Authority of Sri Lanka In the early 1980s, a number of local entrepreneurs and a few multinational companies embarked on culture of Penaeus monodon (black tiger shrimp) in ponds along the North Western coastal belt from Madampe to Puttalam, responding to initiatives by the government to develop shrimp farming for the export trade. The shrimp aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka originally commenced in Batticaloa in the eastern coast in the late 1970’s and fi nally concentrated in the northwestern coastal belt covering with 1,344 farms covering an area of more than 4,500 ha, around 3,000 ha of which comprised actual grow out ponds. This industry also triggered the development of about 120 hatcheries catering to the post larval needs of the farmers. In Batticaloa District, where shrimp farming fi rst The Dutch Canal, an important shared water source for the shrimp farming industry. began and was later abandoned due to civil unrest, farming activities have quantity of processed (headless) shrimp namely, closed systems, semi-closed recommenced in recent years. Over exported in the year 2004 was 2,462 MT systems and re-circulation systems for 60 small scale farms with an average earning a total export value of Rs. 2359 culture. However, up to the year 2003, farm extent of 1-2 ha were in operation million (Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic as there was inadequate monitoring and by the end of 2002, with a total pond Resources, 2005). This fall has been as regulation of the industry, uncontrolled area of 155 ha. However, during the a result of the advent of ‘white spot’ viral farming practices utilizing substandard recent tsunami that swept the North, disease which sprang up intermittently culture techniques and post larvae, North-Eastern and Southern coasts of from 1996 onwards. especially by small scale unauthorized Sri Lanka, most if not all shrimp farms shrimp farmers, brought about an on the eastern coast were affected or Shrimp farmers originally practiced the unprecedented escalation of the white destroyed. ‘open system’ aquaculture technique spot disease resulting in a near total in earthen ponds, until the white spot collapse of the industry in 2004. Shrimp farming has been the most virus and yellow head viral diseases lucrative commercial aquaculture devastated the industry, fi rstly in 1996 In 2003, the National Aquaculture Devel- activity in Sri Lanka since it commenced and subsequently in 2003. This caused opment Authority (NAQDA) along with in mid eighties. The industry recorded serious economic losses to the industry the Fisheries Ministry of the Wayamba its peak economic performance in the and its stakeholders. After these Provincial Council, spearheaded a year 2000, earning Rs. 5,041 million disease outbreaks, the farmers adopted comprehensive program for control of in foreign exchange. However, the reduced water exchange systems, the disease spread and rehabilitation of the shrimp farming industry in the Analysis of Shrimp Export Earnings from 1985-2005 5500 NWP. The initial steps taken by NAQDA were so fi rm and decisive that it led to a 5000 series of events, amidst stiff opposition 4500 from some stakeholders with vested 4000 interests effectively counteracted by 3500 NAQDA, culminating in the formulation 3000 of ‘Crop Calendars’ resulting in effec- 2500 Value (Rs. Mn) tive control of the spread of disease 2000 amongst shrimp farms. The Sri Lanka 1500 Aquaculture Development Alliance 1000 (SLADA), which was established in 500 mid 2004, subsequently extended their 0 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 assistance in implementing this control Year mechanism initiated and implemented April-June 2007 3 Sustainable aquaculture by NAQDA.
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