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REFERENCES, QUOTATIONS AND ENDNOTES

Chapter 1

Shelley, M. (1818/2008) Frankenstein. Oxford: OUP. Hellen Shelley in Hogg T.J. (1858) The life of Percy Bysshe Shelley. : Edward Moxon. p. 9 Shelley, P.B. (1810) Letter to Ralph Wedgwood, 15 December. [manuscript] MS210: fols4-9. Oxford: University College Archive. Huxley, A. (1928/1994) Point Counterpoint. London: Flamingo Modern Classic. p. 142 Pliny. , Book 37.11.34-35; 37 Ovid, Metamorphoses II, 367–380 Gilbert, W. (1600/1958) On the Magnet. Translated by Howard et al, Chiswick Press. 1900. In the 1958 facsimile edition, Ed. Derek J de S Price. New York: Basic Books. Inc. New York, the quote appears on p. 48 Heathcote, N.H. (1950) Guericke's sulphur globe. Annals of Science 6, 293-305 Heilbron, J.L. (1979) Electricity in the 17th and 18th centuries: a study of early modern physics. London: University of California Press. p.312. He uses the manuscript proceedings of the Académie of Sciences. Musschenbroeck, P. (1746) Letter to R. Réaumur, 20 Jan. Quoted in Heilbron, J.L. (1979) Electricity in the 17th and 18th centuries: a study of early modern physics. London: University of California Press. p. 313 Pera, M. (1992) The ambiguous frog: the Galvani-Volta controversy on animal electricity. Princeton: Press. p. 13; 129; 203 Verne, J. (1870/1998) Twenty thousand leagues under the sea. W. Butcher (transl.) Oxford: OUP. p. 105 Brazier, M.A.B. (1993) The Abbé Nollet (1700-1770): The beginnings of electrotherapy. Journal of the History of the 2, 53-64. Nollet 1746. Observations sur quelques nouveaux phénomènes d'électricité. MAS. 1-23I In: J.L. Heilbron (1979) Electricity in the 17th and 18th centuries: a study of early modern physics. London: University of California Press, p. 318. Walker, A. (1802). A System or Familiar Philosophy in twelve lectures. Vol.2 London: Kearlsey Fleet Street. p. 4 Martin, B. (1746) An essay on electricity. Bath: printed for the author; and Mr. Leake, and Mr. Frederick. p. 33 Mrs. Carter in 1747. Quoted in R.A. Hunter (1957) A brief review of the use of electricity in psychiatry. British Journal of Physical Medicine 20, 98-100 Krider, E.P. (2006) Benjamin Franklin and Lightning Rods. Physics Today (Jan), 42-48. Jernagen, M.W. (1928) Benjamin Franklin's "Electrical Kite" and Lightning Rod. The New Quarterly 1, 180-196. Franklin, B. (1750) Letter to Peter Collinson, July 29. In The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, L. W. Labaree et al., Eds., New Haven: Yale University Press. Vol. 4. pp. 9-34; 511 Darwin, E. (1825) The Botanic Garden - a poem in two parts. London: Jones and Company. Part I. p. 19 Mitchell, T.A. (1998) The politics of experiment in the eighteenth century: the pursuit of audience and the manipulation of consensus in the debate over lightning rods. Eighteenth Century Studies 31, 307-331. Weld, C.R. (1848). A history of the Royal Society: with memoirs of the Presidents. Vol.2 London: John W. Parker, West Strand. pp.101-102. Franklin, B. (1749) Letter to Dr John Mitchel, 29 April. In The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, Eds. L. W. Labaree, W. B. Wilcox, C. A. Lopez, B. B. Oberg, E. R. Cohn et al., New Haven: Yale Univerty Press. Vol. 3, pp. 365-376 Cwinn, A.A. and S.V. Canrill (1985) Lightning injuries. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2, 379- 388

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Piccolino, M. (1998) Animal electricity and the birth of : The legacy of Luigi Galvani. Research Bulletin 46, 381–407. Galvani L (1791) De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari commentarius. Accademia delle Scienze Bologna. Valli, E. (1792) Letter to James Lind, 3 October. [manuscript] Bakken Museum Library collection. Galvani L, 1794. Trattato dell’ uso e dell’ attività dell’ arco conduttore nelle contractioni de' muscoli. Bologna: a S. Tommaso d’Aquino. Volta, A. (1800) On the electricity excited by the mere contact of conducting substances if different kinds. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London 90, 403-431. English abstract in Abstracts of the papers printed in Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond 1, (1800- 1814), 27-29 Galvani, L. and A. Volta. (1793) Account of some discoveries made by Mr Galvani, of Bologna; with experiments and observations on them. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 83, 10-44. My translation. Parent, A. (2004) Giovani Aldini: from animal electricity to human brain stimulation. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 31, 576-84. Aldini, G. (1804) Essai théorique et éxperimental sur le galvanisme. Paris: L’Imprimerie de Fournier Fils. p. 124. My translation. Aldini, G. (1803) An account of the late improvements in galvanism. London: Wilks and Taylor, Chancery Lane. p. 193-5 Paradis, N.A., H.R. Halperin and K. Kern. (2007) Cardiac arrest: the science and practice of resuscitation medicine. : Cambridge University Press. p. 13 Ure, A. (1831) A Dictionary of Chemistry and Mineralogy: With Their Applications. 4th ed. London: Printed for T. Tegg. p. 6; 481 Byron, G.G. (1809) English bards and Scotch Reviewers. London: Printed for James Cawthorn, British Library no.24. pp. 9-10

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Madan F (1923) Oxford outside the guidebooks. Quoted in Morris J (2002) The Oxford Book of Oxford. OUP. pp 414. Sigaud de la Fond M (1785) Précis historique et expérimental des phénomènes électriques depuis l'origine de cette découverte jusqu' à ce jour. Paris: Joseph Aignan, Rue de Hotel Serpente. p.230-233 Rolfe, D.F.S. and G.C. Brown. (1997) Cellular Energy Utilization and Molecular Origin of Standard Metabolic Rate in Mammals. Review 77, 731-58. Griffiths, C. (2007) Cell evolution and the problem of membrane topology. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 8, 1018-24. Darwin, C. (1871) quoted by F. Darwin (1887) Life and letters of Charles Darwin. vol III. p.18 (footnote to a letter to Hooker) Levi, P. (1991) Other People's Trades. R. Rosenthal (transl.) London: Abacus. p. 152 Colquhoun, D. (1991) Ion channels: this year's in physiology or medicine. British Medical Journal 303, 938-939. Neher E. and B. Sakmann. (1976) Single channel currents recorded from membrane of denervated frog muscle fibres. Nature 260, 799-802 Hamill, O.P., A. Marty, E. Neher, B. Sakmann, F.J. Sigworth. (1981) Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution current recording from cells and cell-free membrane patches. Pflugers Archive 391, pp. 85-100. Doyle D.A., C. J. Morais, R.A. Pfuetzner, A. Kuo, J.M. Gulbis, S.L. Cohen, B.T. Chait and R. MacKinnon. (1998) The structure of the channel: molecular basis of K+ conduction and selectivity. Science 280, 69-77.

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Chapter 3 Cook's Voyages of Discovery. (1871) J. Barrow (Ed.). Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black. p. 278 Frank, R.G. (1994) Instruments, Nerve Action, and the All-or-None Principle. Osiris, 2nd Series, Vol. 9, Instruments, pp. 208-235 Bradley, J.K. and E.M Tansey. (1996) The coming of the electronic age to the Cambridge Physiological Laboratory: ED Adrian's valve amplifier in 1921. Notes and Records of the Royal Society London 50, 217-228. Adrian, E.D. (1932) The Mechanism of Nervous Action: Electrical Studies of the Neurone. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 2. Pfaffman, C. (1984) Taste electrophysiology, sensory coding and behaviour. In: Foundations of Sensory Science. W.W. Dawson and J.M. Enoch (Eds.). New York: Springer. pp. 325-349 (334). Adrian, E.D. (1954) Memorable experiences in research. Diabetes 3, 17-18 Hodgkin, A.L. (1977) Lord Adrian, 1899-1977. Nature 269, 543-544. Hodgkin, A.L. (1967) Edgar Douglas Adrian, Baron Adrian of Cambridge. 30 November 1889-4 August 1977. Biogr Mems Fell R Soc, 25, 1-73. p.13. Adrian, E.D. (1946) The physical background of perception. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.24. Hodgkin, A.L. (1976) Chance and design in electrophysiology: an informal account of certain experiments on nerve carried out between 1934 and 1952. Journal of Physiology 263, 1-21 Young, J.Z. (1936) The structure of nerve fibres in cephalopods and crustacea. Proceeding of the Royal Society of London Series B, 121, 319-337 Hodgkin, A.L and A.F. Huxley. (1939) Action potentials recorded from inside a nerve fibre. Nature 144, 710-711. Hodgkin, A. (1992) Chance and Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.428. Cole, K.S. (1968) Membrane ions and impulses. London: University of California Press. Berkely and Los Angeles. pp.269; 569 Hodgkin, A.L. and A.F Huxley. (1945) Resting and action potentials in single nerve fibres. Journal of Physiology 104, 176-195. Huxley, A.F. (1999) Obituaries: Professor Sir . The Independent. Monday 4 Jan. Huxley, A.F. (1992). . 10 July 1900-18 April 1984. Biog Mem fell Royal Society 38, 99-110 Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF (1952) Measurement of current-voltage relations in the membrane of the giant of Loligo. Journal of Physiology, 116, 424-48. Hodgkin, A.L. and A.F. Huxley. (1952) Currents carried by and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo. Journal of Physiology, 116, 449-72. Hodgkin A.L. and A.F. Huxley. (1952) The components of membrane conductance in the giant axon of Loligo. J Physiol. 116, 473-96. Hodgkin A.L. and A.F. Huxley. (1952) The dual effect of on sodium conductance in the giant axon of Loligo. Journal of Physiology, 116, 497-506. Hodgkin A.L. and A.F. Huxley. (1952) A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. Journal of Physiology, 117, 500-44. Kao, C.Y. (1966) Tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin and their significance. Pharmacological Review 18, 1005-06. Star Bulletin Vol. 12, Issue 145 - Friday, May 25, 2007; http://www.in.gov/isdh/24105.htm Noguchi, T. and O. Arakawa. (2008) Tetrodotoxin - distribution and accumulation in aquatic organisms, and cases of human intoxication. Marine Drugs 6, 220-242. Fleming, I. (1958). Dr No. London: Penguin. p.19 Exodus 7: 20-1. King James Bible. RaLonde, R. (1996). Paralytic shellfish poisoning. Alaska's Marine Resources 8, 1-19.

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Stewart, C.E. (1947) Weapons of mass destruction and terrorism handbook. Sudbury: Jone and Bartlett Publishers. p.175 Gessner, B.D. and J.P Middaugh. (1995) Paralytic shellfish poisoning in Alaska: a 20-year retrospective analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 141, 766-770. Rodrigue, D.C., R.A. Etzel, S. Hall, E. de Porras, O.H. Velasquez, R.V. Tauxe, E.M. Kilbourne and P.A. Blake. (1990) Lethal paralytic shellfish poisoning in Guatemala. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 42, 67-71. Narahashi, T. (2008) Tetrodotoxin, a brief history. Proceeding of the Japan Academy, Series B 84, 147-154. Jost, M.C., D.M. Hillis, Y. Lu, J.W. Kyle, H.A. Fozzard, and H.H. Zakon. (2008) Toxin-resistant sodium channels: parallel adaptive evolution across a complete gene family. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 25, 1016-24. http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/intro/bio_saxitoxin.htm Toxin Tocsin. Time Magazine US. Monday Sept 27, 1975. The case of the CIA and butter clam toxin. Yale Medicine. Fall 2000/Winter2001. Fresco, A. (2010) Curry killer Lakhvir Kaur Singh wanted to stop her lover marrying rival; Mother convicted of murder with queen of poisons. The Times. 11 Feb 2010. Joyce, J. (1922). Ulysses. Sylvia Beach, Paris. Ovid. Metamorphoses. Internet Classics Archiv. Keats, J. (1884) Ode on Melancholy. Dumbacher, J.P., A. Wako, S.R. Derrickson, A. Samuleson, T.F. Sande, J.W. Daly. (2004) Melyrid beetles (Choresine): A putative source for the batrachotoxin alkaloids found in poison-dart frogs and toxic passerine birds. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, 101, 15857-60. Dumbacher, J.P., B.M. Beeler, T.F. Spande, H.M. Garraffo and J.W. Daly. (1992) Homobatrachatoxin in the genus Pitohui: chemical defence in birds? Science 258, 799-800. Lampe, K.F. (1988) Rhododendrons, mountain laurel, and mad honey. Journal of the American Medical Association, 259,1900. Xenophon. (1854) The Anabasis. J.S.Watson (Transl.) London: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Convent Garden. p.141-2. Demircan, A., A. Keles, F. Bildik, G. Aygencel, N.O. Dogan, and H.F. Gómez. (2009) Mad honey sex: therapeutic misadventures from an ancient biological weapon. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 54, pp.824-829. Davies, T.G., L.M. Field, P.N. Usherwood and M.S. Williamson. (2007) DDT, pyrethrins, pyrethroids and insect sodium channels. UBMB Life, 59, pp.151-62. Carson, R. (1962) Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin.

Chapter 4 Defalque, R.J., and A.J. Wright. (2009) The puzzling death of Reinhard Heydrich. Bulletin of Anesthesia History. 27, 1-7. CIA (1967) Inspector General's Report on Plots to Assassinate Fidel Castro. Von der Besucht, Paracelsus, 1567 (cant find original. But multiple quotes) Loewi, O. (1960). An autobiographic sketch. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 4, 22-23. Kuffler, S. (1962) 1873-1961. Journal of Neurophysiology, 25, 451-3. Loewi, O. (1960) An autobiographic sketch. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 4, p.27. Dale, H.H. (1962) “Otto Loewi 1873-1961.” Biographical Memoirs of the Royal Society 8, pp.67- 89. Adrian, ED. (1969) Address at the memorial service for Sir Henry Dale, OM, GBE, FRS at Westminster Abbey on 11 October 1968. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 24, 145. Feldberg, W. (1969) 1875-1968. British Journal of , 35, pp.1-9.

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Ewins, A.J. (1914) , a new active principle or ergot. Journal 8, pp. 44- 49. It is worth noting that acetylcholine was only found in a few preparations and was in fact due to bacterial contamination. Dale, H.H., and H.W. Dudley. (1929) The presence of and acetylcholine in the spleen of the ox and the horse. Journal of Physiology, 68:97-123 Hitler's Gift. Jean Medawar and David Pyke. Piatkus pp268. Medawar, J. and D. Pyke. (2000) Hitler's Gift. London: Piatkus. p.268. Feldberg, W. (1977) The early history of synaptic and neuromuscular transmission by acetylcholine: reminiscences of an eyewitness. The pursuit of nature: informal essays on the history of physiology. A. L. Hodgkin, A. F. Huxley, W. Feldberg, W. A. H. Rushton, R. A. Gregory, and R. A. McCance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p68-69. At the end of the second world war, Feldberg was awarded a considerable sum of 'restitution money' from the German government. He generously used it to set up a fund for the furtherance of good relations between German and British scientists: each year it awards a handsome prize and financial support for one British scientist to visit Germany, and one Germany scientist to come to the UK. I was once a grateful beneficiary myself. Dale, H.H. (1954) The beginnings and the prospects of neurohumoral transmission. Pharmacological Review, 6, 7-13. Eccles J (1976) From Electrical to Chemical Transmission in the Central . Notes and Records of the Royal Society London, 30, 219-30. Todmam, D. (2008) John Eccles (1903–97) and the experiment that proved chemical synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Journal of Clinical , 15, 972-77. Huxley, T.H. (1870) Biogenesis and abiogenesis. Collected Essays, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vol. 8, p. 244. Bowman, W.C. (2006) Neuromuscular block. British Journal of Pharmacology, 147, S277-S286. Raleigh, W. (1595) The works of Sir Walter Raleigh. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Vol 8, p. 436. von Humboldt, A. (1980) Personal narrative of a journey to the equinoctal regions of the new continent London: Penguin Classics. Rogozov, V. (2008) The Effectiveness of 112-year-old . Anaesthesia & Analgesia, 106, 676-677 King, H. (1935) Curare. Nature, 135, 469-470. Rippon, N. (2009) The Plot to Kill Lloyd George. Barnsley: Wharncliffe Books. p.192. Powers, F.G. and C. Gentry. (1971) Operation Overflight. London: Hodder & Stoughton. Sebel, P.S., T.A. Bowdle, M.M. Ghoneim, I.J. Rampil, R.E. Padilla, T.J. Gan, and K.B. Domino. (2004) The incidence of awareness during anesthesia: A multicenter United States study. Anesthesia and Analgesics, 99, 833-9. Branett, A. (2003) Final agony of RAF volunteer killed by sarin - in Britain. The Guardian. 28 Sept 2003. Evans, M. (2004) Nerve gas death of Porton Down guinea pig was unlawful killing. The Times. 16 November 2004. Stewart, C. and N. Berkovic. (2008) Answers sought over nerve gas plan. The Australian. July 7 2008 Tendler, S. (2003) Torso boy given black-magic bean before slaughter. Times, Friday October 17, 2003. Johnston, J.D. (2007) Mary Broadfoot Walker (1888–1974). Journal of Neurology, 254, 1306– 1307. Kelsell, D.P., W.L. Di, and M.J. Houseman. (2001) Connexin Mutations in Skin Disease and Hearing Loss. American Journal of Human Genetics, 68, 559–568.

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Bryant, S.H. (1973) The electrophysiology of myotonia with a review of congenital myotonia of goats. New developments in electromyograhy and clincal neurophysiology. Vol. 1. J.E. Desmedt (Ed.). London: S. Karger. pp. 420-450. Bowling A.T., G. Byrns, and S. Spier. (1996) Evidence for a single pedigree source of the hyperkalemic periodic paralysis susceptibility gene in quarter horses. Animal Genetics 27, 279-81. Platt, D. and R. Griggs. (2009) Skeletal muscle channelopathies: new insights into the periodic paralyses and nondystrophic myotonias. Current Opinions in Neurology 22, 524-531. Thomsen, J. (1875). Tonische Krampfe in Willkurlich beweglichen Muskeln in Folge von ererbter psychischer Disposition (Ataxia muscularis?). Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 6, 702–718. Stimson, D. (2001) A muscle disease concealed by a muscular physique. Muscular Dystrophy Association QUEST, 8, p.1. and personal communication with the author. Heiny, J.A. (1999) Obituary: Shirley Bryant. Biophysical Society Newsletter Jan 1999. p. 14-15. Bryant, S.H. (1961) Membrane potentials of normal and congentially myotonic goats. Federation Proceedings 20, 337. Adrian, R.H., and S.H. Bryant. (1974) On the repetitive discharge in myotonic muscle fibres. Journal of Physiology, 240, 505-15 Bryant, S.H. (1962) Muscle membrane of normal and myotonic goats in normal and low external chloride. Federation Proceedings 21, 312 Bryant, S.H. (1976) Altered membrane properties in myotonia. In Membranes and Disease. L. Bolis, J.F. Hoffman and A. Leaf (eds.) New York: Raven Press. pp.197-206. Graham E. (1973) When Prof Bryant shouts, his goats get scared stiff. The Wall Street Journal 11 April 1973 Koch, M.C., K. Steinmeyer, C. Lorenz, K. Ricker, F. Wolf, M. Otto, B. Zoll, F. Lehmann-Horn, K.H. Grzeschik and T.J. Jentsch (1992) The skeletal muscle chloride channel in dominant and recessive human myotonia. Science 257, 797–800. Beck, C.L., C. Fahlke, and A.L. George. (1996) Molecular basis for decreased muscle chloride conductance in the myotonic goat. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science 93, 11248-11252. Beam K.J. and R.A. Bannister (2010) Looking for answers to EC coupling’s persistent questions. Journal of General Physiology 136, 7–12. Ellis, K. and S.H. Bryant (1972) Excitation-contraction uncoupling in skeletal muscle by dantrolene sodium. Naunyn's-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 274, 107-109. MacLennan, D.H. and M.S. Phillips (1992) Malignant hyperthermis. Science 256, 789-794 Heiny, J.A. (1999) Obituary: Shirley Bryant. Biophysical Society Newsletter Jan 1999. 14-15.

Chapter 6 Plato, Meno, 80a. Translated by Benjamin Jowett (1892) and slightly modified by me. Jowett (1817-1893) Claudian Carmina minora XLIX (XLVI) translated by Maurice Plantnauer. Heinemann MCMXXII Plutarch. (1986) Moralia V. F.C. Babbitt (transl.) Cambridge: Loeb Classical Library/Harvard University Press. Isis and Osiris, 357-38. Kellaway, P. (1946) The part played by electric fish in the early history of bioelectricity and electrotherapy. Bulletin of History of Medicine 20, 112-137. Purchas, loc cit V, p.405 (quoted in Kellaway, P. (1946) The part played by electric fish in the early history of bioelectricity and electrotherapy. Bulletin History of Medicine. 20, 134) Bass, A.H. (1986) Electric organs revisited. In Electroreception T.H. Bullock and W. Heiligenberg (eds.) New York: Wiley. Walsh, J., and S. Siegnette. (1773). Of the electric property of the torpedo. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 63, 461-480.

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Garden, A. (1775) An account of Gymnotus electricus, or electrical eel. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 65, 102-110. This was the price in North Carolina USA. No doubt they would be more in the UK. A guinea is 21 shillings - one pound and 10 pence in current money. von Humboldt, A. (1995) Personal narrative of a journey to the equinoctial regions of the new continent. J. Wilson (transl.) London: Penguin. Darwin, C. (1887) The Autobiography of Charles Darwin. In The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Vol. 1. F. Darwin (ed.). London: John Murray. p.425 (2007) Japanese eel wishes you an electric Christmas. Reuters 13 Dec 2007. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSP27985020071213 Bennett, M.V.L. (1971) Electric Organs. In Fish Physiology. W.S. Hoar and D.J. Randall (eds.). New York: Academic Press. p. 371; 454-5 Marra, L.J. (1989) Sharkbite on the SL submarine lightwave cable system: history, causes and resolution. Journal of Oceanic Engineering 14, 230-237 Quoted in Lewis, P.H. (1987) Phone company finds shark cutting in. New York Times, 11 June 1987. http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&VideoID=46787069 Kalmijn, A.J. (1971) The electric sense of sharks and rays. Journal of Experimental Biology 55, 371-383 Finger, T.E. (1986) Electroreception in catfish. In Electroreception T.H. Bullock and W. Heiligenberg (eds.) New York: Wiley. p.288 Obara, S., and M.V.L. Bennett. (1972) Mode of operation of ampullae of Lorenzini of the skate, Raja. Journal of General Physiology 60, 534-57. Pettigrew, J.D. (1999) Electroreception in monotremes. Journal of Experimental Biology 201, 1447-1454, Darwin C. (1859) On the origin of species. London: John Murray. Chapter 6. Lissmann, H.W., and K.E. Machin. (1958) The mechanism of object location in Gymnarchus niloticus and similar fish. Journal of Experimental Biology 35, 451-86. Lissmann, H.W. (1951) Continuous electrical signals from the tail of the fish, Gymnarchus niloticus Cuv. Nature 167, 201. Alexander, R. M. (2006). A new sense for muddy water. Jounal of Experimental Biology 35, 200- 1. Lissmann, H.W. (1957) On the function and evolution of electric organs in fish. Journal of Experimental Biology 35, 156-191. Bennett, M.V.L. (1971) Electroreception. In Fish Physiology. W.S. Hoar and D.J. Randall (eds.). New York: Academic Press. pp. 493-574 Westby, G.W.M. (1981) Communication and jamming avoidance in electric fish. Trends in Neuroscience, 4, 205-10. Bullock, T.H. (1982) Electroreception. Annual Review of Neuroscience 5, 121-170. Tallarovic S.K., and H.H. Zakon. (2005) Electric organ discharge frequency jamming during social interactions in brown knife-fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus. Animal Behaviour 70, 1355-1365 Feulner, P.G.D., M. Plath, J. Engelmann, F. Kirschbaum, and R. Tiedemann. (2009) Electrifying love: electric fish use species-specific discharge for mate recognition. Biology Letters 5, 225- 228 Salazar, V.L., and P.K. Stoddard. (2008) Sex differences in energetic costs explain sexual dimorphism in the circadian rhythm modulation of the electrocommunication signal of the gymnotiform fish Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus. Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 1012-1020 Hagendorn, M. (1986) The ecology courtship and mating of gymnotiform electric fish. In Electroreception T.H. Bullock and W. Heiligenberg (eds.) New York: Wiley.

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Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (1997) Animal Physiology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.101 Waller, A.D. (1887) A demonstration on man of electromotive changes accompanying the heart's beat. Journal of Physiology, 8, 229-34. Illustrated London News May 22 1909 Experiments on Dogs. The Times. 9 July 1909 This was Herbert Gladstone (son of the more famous William) who was Home Secretary from 1905-1910. Savants at Play. The Strait Times, 12 June 1909, p.2 Barker, L.F. (1910) Electrocardiography and phonocardiography. A collective review. Bulletin Johns Hopkins Hospital, 21, 358-389. page 360. Burch, G.E., and N.P. De Pasquale. (1964) A History of Electrocardiography. San Francisco: Norman Publishing. Chapter 5 Bakken, E.E. (1999) One man's full life. Fridley: Medtronic. Ryden, L., H. Schuller, and B. Larsson. (2002) Obituary Arne Larsson (1915-2001). Journal of Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 25, 521. (2008) Heartthrob hit, Nature Medicine, 14, 1305. Maddock, C. (2008) Aussie odds-on heart stopper. BBJ 07 March 2008. (2005) Packer legacy to live on through charity. 9 News Australia, Tuesday 27 December 2005. Meat Loaf, quoted in BBC news on-line Friday, 28 November, 2003. Chen, Q., G.E. Kirsch, D. Zhang, R. Brugada, J. Brugada, P. Brugada, D. Potenza, A. Moya, M. Borggrefe, G. Breithardt, R. Ortiz-Lopez, Z. Wang, C. Antzelevitch, R.E. O'Brien, E. Schulze-Bahr, M.T. Keating, J.A. Towbin, and Q. Wang. (1998) Genetic basis and molecular mechanism for idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Nature 392, 293-296. Antzelevitch, C., P. Brugada, J. Brugada, R. Brugada, J.A. Towbin, and K. Nademanee. (2003) Brugada syndrome: 1992-2002: a historical perspective. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 41, 1665-1671. Ringer, S. (1883) A further contribution regarding the influence of the different constituents of the blood on the contraction of the heart. Journal of Physiology, 4, 29-42. Hippocrates. Aphorisms II, 41. F. Adams (transl.) http://classics.mit.edu/Hippocrates/aphorisms.2.ii.html Meissner, F.L. (1856) Taubstummheit und Taubstummenbildung. Leipzig: CF Winter'sche Verlagshandlung. p119-120. Skinner, J.R. (2005). Is there a relation between SIDS and long QT syndrome Arch Dis Child, 90, 445-449; Christiansen, M. et al (2005) Mutations in the HERG K+-: A novel link between long QT syndrome and sudden infant death syndrome. American Journal of Cardiology, 95, 433-434. Roy, M., R. Dumaine, and A.M. Brown. (1996) HERG, a primary human ventricular target of the nonsedating antihistamine terfenadine. Circulation. 94, 817-23. Goodness Gracious Me. Lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer Silvestri, A., P. Galetta, E. Cerquetani, G. Marazzi, R. Patrizi, M. Fini, and G.M. Rosano. (2003) Report of erectile dysfunction after therapy with beta-blockers is related to patient knowledge of side effects and is reversed by placebo. European Heart Journal 24, 1928- 1932. Be still my heart; thou hast known worse than this. Homer Francis, D. (1991) Comeback. New York: Berkley Books. Lucy D., and C. Aitken. (2002) A reveiw of the roster data and evidence of attendance in cases of suspected excess deaths in a medical context. Law, Probability and Risk 1, 141-160.

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