Hearings Committee on the Budget United States Senate
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S. HRG. 114–628 CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET FISCAL YEAR 2017 HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION February 3, 2016—SPENDING ON UNAUTHORIZED PROGRAMS April 6, 2016—BUDGETING BLIND: THE UNRELIABILITY OF FEDERAL FINANCIAL DATA April 13, 2016—BUDGETING FOR OUTCOMES TO MAXIMIZE TAXPAYER VALUE April 20, 2016—TAP DANCING ON THE RAZOR’S EDGE: RESTORING STABILITY TO GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS April 27, 2016—BETTER BUDGETS, BETTER RESULTS September 14, 2016—OVERSIGHT OF THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE ( VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:00 May 10, 2017 Jkt 021333 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 6011 E:\HR\OC\A333.XXX A333 rfrederick on DSK30NT082PROD with HEARING CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET FISCAL YEAR 2017 VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:00 May 10, 2017 Jkt 021333 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 E:\HR\OC\A333.XXX A333 rfrederick on DSK30NT082PROD with HEARING with DSK30NT082PROD on rfrederick S. HRG. 114–628 CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET FISCAL YEAR 2017 HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION February 3, 2016—SPENDING ON UNAUTHORIZED PROGRAMS April 6, 2016—BUDGETING BLIND: THE UNRELIABILITY OF FEDERAL FINANCIAL DATA April 13, 2016—BUDGETING FOR OUTCOMES TO MAXIMIZE TAXPAYER VALUE April 20, 2016—TAP DANCING ON THE RAZOR’S EDGE: RESTORING STABILITY TO GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS April 27, 2016—BETTER BUDGETS, BETTER RESULTS September 14, 2016—OVERSIGHT OF THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 21–333 WASHINGTON : 2017 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:00 May 10, 2017 Jkt 021333 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 E:\HR\OC\A333.XXX A333 rfrederick on DSK30NT082PROD with HEARING COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming, Chairman CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, Iowa BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama PATTY MURRAY, Washington MIKE CRAPO, Idaho RON WYDEN, Oregon LINDSEY O. GRAHAM, South Carolina DEBBIE STABENOW, Michigan ROB PORTMAN, Ohio SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island PATRICK TOOMEY, Pennsylvania MARK R. WARNER, Virginia RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon KELLY AYOTTE, New Hampshire TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi TIM KAINE, Virginia BOB CORKER, Tennessee ANGUS S. KING, JR., Maine DAVID A. PERDUE, Georgia ERIC UELAND, Republican Staff Director WARREN GUNNELS, Minority Staff Director ii VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:00 May 10, 2017 Jkt 021333 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 E:\HR\OC\A333.XXX A333 rfrederick on DSK30NT082PROD with HEARING CONTENTS HEARINGS Page February 3, 2016—SPENDING ON UNAUTHORIZED PROGRAMS ........ 1 April 6, 2016—BUDGETING BLIND: THE UNRELIABILTY OF FED- ERAL DATA ........................................................................................................ 87 April 13, 2016—BUDGETING FOR OUTCOMES TO MAXIMIZE TAX- PAYER VALUE .................................................................................................. 201 April 20, 2016—TAP DANCING ON THE RAZOR’S EDGE: RESTORING STABILITY TO GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS ........................................ 297 April 27, 2016—BETTER BUDGETS, BETTER RESULTS .......................... 367 September 14, 2016—OVERSIGHT OF THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDG- ET OFFICE ......................................................................................................... 437 STATEMENTS BY COMMITTEE MEMBERS Chairman Enzi .......................................................................... 1, 87, 201, 297, 367, 437 Senator Whitehouse................................................................................. 6, 206, 301, 383 Senator Warner .............................................................................................................. 90 WITNESSES Barry Anderson, Former Acting Director, Congressional Budget Office......... 374, 378 James C. Capretta, Senior Fellow, Ethics and Public Policy Center, American Enterprise Institute.......................................................................................... 384, 387 Stan Collender, Executive Vice President, QORVIS MSLGROUP .................. 396, 398 Honorable Gene L. Dodaro, Comptroller General of the United States, U.S Governmental Accountability Office ................................................................... 92, 95 Honorable Keith Hall, Ph.D., Director, Congressional Budget Office ... 9, 11, 439, 442 Kevin A. Hassett, Ph.D., Director of Economic Policy Studies, American En- terprise Institute .............................................................................................. 304, 306 Phillip G. Joyce, Ph.D., Professor of Public Policy and Senior Associate Dean, University of Maryland School of Public Policy ............................................. 316, 318 Honorable Maurice P. McTigue, President of Outreach, Mercatus Center, George Mason University. ............................................................................... 235, 237 Roy T. Meyers, Ph.D. , Professor of Political Science and Affiliated Professor of Public Policy, University of Maryland, Baltimore County........................ 260, 264 Norman J. Ornstein, Ph.D., Research Scholar, American Enterprise Insti- tute..................................................................................................................... 332, 334 Paul L. Posner, Ph.D., Director of Graduate Public Administration Program, and Center on the Public Service, School of Policy, Government and Inter- national Affairs, George Mason University........................................ 36, 38, 212, 214 James A. Thurber, Ph.D., Founder and Director, Center for Congressional and Presidential Studies, School of Public Affairs, American Univer- sity ......................................................................................................................... 54, 56 Jessica Tollestrup, Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process, Con- gressional Research Center ................................................................................. 25, 28 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Questions and Answers......................................................... 76, 178, 293, 353, 412, 468 iii VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:00 May 10, 2017 Jkt 021333 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 E:\HR\OC\A333.XXX A333 rfrederick on DSK30NT082PROD with HEARING VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:00 May 10, 2017 Jkt 021333 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 E:\HR\OC\A333.XXX A333 rfrederick on DSK30NT082PROD with HEARING SPENDING ON UNAUTHORIZED PROGRAMS WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 2016 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET, Washington, D.C. The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:00 a.m., in Room SD–608, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Michael B. Enzi, Chairman of the Committee, presiding. Present: Senators Enzi, Grassley, Ayotte, Perdue, Whitehouse, Kaine, and King. Staff Present: Eric Ueland, Republican Staff Director; for the Mi- nority: Joshua Smith, Budget Policy Director. OPENING STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN ENZI Chairman ENZI. I will go ahead and call this hearing to order. Good morning, and welcome to all that are here. We are here today to talk about what I view as a fundamental breakdown in America’s budget process, and it is a breakdown that has significant ramifications for not only Government but for our Nation. I mentioned a lot last year that we had 260 expired author- izations that we were still spending money on to the tune of $293.5 billion. I evidently mentioned it enough that we changed that from 260 down to 256. But we increased the spending from $293 billion to $310 billion. We need to be going back and looking at things and making sure that we know what we are spending our money on. It is essential to start with a premise of good government that we should authorize programs and activities before we fund them, and as the former Chairman of the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, I strongly value the process by which pro- grams are authorized and reauthorized. When Congress utilizes an authorization, it is creating a Federal solution to a perceived need. But over time, needs change, program flaws become apparent, tech- nology evolves. And over time, inevitably Congress creates more programs, many of which are duplicative of existing programs, as the Comptroller General of the Government Accountability Office testified before this Committee last year. Congress must reexamine what we are actually funding in order to improve or eliminate Government programs not delivering re- sults. By taking a closer look at these programs and activities, we would have more funding flexibility to boost important programs and priorities. This is also probably the best way to avoid creating new programs that duplicate those already being funded. (1) VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:00 May 10, 2017 Jkt 021333 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 E:\HR\OC\A333.XXX A333 rfrederick on DSK30NT082PROD with HEARING 2 In short, there are a slew of reasons why Congress needs to peri- odically review and reauthorize the very Federal programs and ac- tivities it initiates. But the problem is we are not doing it. Most of the big-ticket Federal entitlement programs like Medi- care and Medicaid have permanent authorizations. Not surpris- ingly, they have proven to be particularly difficult to reform. On the discretionary side,