DOCSLIB.ORG

Hearings Committee on the Budget United States Senate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hearings Committee on the Budget United States Senate S. HRG. 114–247 CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET FISCAL YEAR 2016 HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION January 28, 2015-CBO’S BUDGET AND ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: FISCAL YEARS 2015-2025 February 3, 2015-THE PRESIDENT’S FISCAL YEAR 2016 BUDGET PROPOSAL February 11, 2015-THE COMING CRISIS: SOCIAL SECURITY DISABILITY TRUST FUND INSOLVENCY February 25, 2015-THE COMING CRISIS: AMERICA’S DANGEROUS DEBT March 4, 2015-WASTEFUL DUPLICATION IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT March 11, 2015-BENEFITS OF A BALANCED BUDGET CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET FY2016 S. Hrg. 114–247 CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET FY2016 HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION January 28, 2015-CBO’S BUDGET AND ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: FISCAL YEARS 2015-2025 February 3, 2015-THE PRESIDENT’S FISCAL YEAR 2016 BUDGET PROPOSAL February 11, 2015-THE COMING CRISIS: SOCIAL SECURITY DISABILITY TRUST FUND INSOLVENCY February 25, 2015-THE COMING CRISIS: AMERICA’S DANGEROUS DEBT March 4, 2015-WASTEFUL DUPLICATION IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT March 11, 2015-BENEFITS OF A BALANCED BUDGET ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 95–387 WASHINGTON : 2016 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET MICHAEL B. ENZI, WYOMING, Chairman CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, Iowa BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama PATTY MURRAY, Washington MIKE CRAPO, Idaho RON WYDEN, Oregon LINDSEY O. GRAHAM, South Carolina DEBBIE STABENOW, Michigan ROB PORTMAN, Ohio SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island PATRICK TOOMEY, Pennsylvania MARK R. WARNER, Virginia RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon KELLY AYOTTE, New Hampshire TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi TIM KAINE, Virginia BOB CORKER, Tennessee ANGUS S. KING, JR., Maine DAVID A. PERDUE, Georgia ERIC UELAND, Republican Staff Director WARREN GUNNELS, Minority Staff Director (II) C O N T E N T S HEARINGS Page January 28, 2015-CBO’S BUDGET AND ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: FIS- CAL YEARS 2015-2025 ..................................................................................... 1 February 3, 2015-THE PRESIDENT’S FISCAL YEAR 2016 BUDGET PROPOSAL ......................................................................................................... 71 February 11, 2015-THE COMING CRISIS: SOCIAL SECURITY DIS- ABILITY TRUST FUND INSOLVENCY ....................................................... 157 February 25, 2015-THE COMING CRISIS: AMERICA’S DANGEROUS DEBT .................................................................................................................... 351 March 4, 2015-WASTEFUL DUPLICATION IN THE FEDERAL GOV- ERNMENT .......................................................................................................... 423 March 11, 2015-BENEFITS OF A BALANCED BUDGET ............................. 493 STATEMENTS BY COMMITTEE MEMBERS Chairman Enzi .......................................................................... 1, 71, 157, 351, 423, 493 Ranking Member Sanders ........................................................ 2, 74, 160, 353, 425, 499 WITNESSES Bruce Bartlett, Former Deputy Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy, U.S. Department of the Treasury ............................................................................ 377, 379 Mark Blyth, Eastman Professor of Political Economy, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University ....................................................... 533, 536 Carolyn W. Colvin, Acting Commissioner, Social Security Administra- tion..................................................................................................................... 173, 175 Philip R. DeJong, Professor of Economics, Amsterdam School of Economics, Univerity of Amsterdam .................................................................................. 285, 288 Honorable Gene L. Dodaro, Comptroller General of the United States, U.S. Government Accountability Office .................................................................. 428, 430 Honorable Shaun Donovan, Director, U.S. Office of Management and Budg- et ............................................................................................................................ 76, 78 Mark G. Duggan, The Wayne and Jodi Cooperman Professor of Economics, Standford University......................................................................................... 270-272 Douglas W. Elmendorf, Director, Congressional Budget Office ............................... 6, 9 John Engler, President, Business Roundtable, and Former Governor, State of Michigan........................................................................................................ 502, 504 Lawrence J. Kotlikoff, Professor of Economics, Boston University.................. 346, 360 Kate Lang, Senior Staff Attorney, National Senior Citizens Law Cen- ter....................................................................................................................... 291, 293 Maya MacGuineas, President, Committee for a Responsible Federal Budg- et ........................................................................................................................ 517, 520 Heather Pfitzenmaier, Director, Young Leaders Programs, The Heritage Foundation ........................................................................................................ 372, 374 iii Page QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Questions and Answers ......................................................................................... 61, 220 iv CBO’S BUDGET AND ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: FISCAL YEARS 2015–2025 WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 28, 2015 UNITED STATES SENATE, COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET, Washington, D.C. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:00 a.m., in Room SD–608, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Mike Enzi, chair- man of the committee, presiding. Present: Senators Enzi, Crapo, Portman, Toomey, Johnson, Ayotte, Wicker, Corker, Perdue, Sanders, Murray, Stabenow, Whitehouse, Merkley, Baldwin, King, and Kaine. Staff Present: Eric M. Ueland, Republican Staff Director; and Warren Gunnels, Minority Staff Director. OPENING STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN ENZI Chairman ENZI. Good morning. I will call to order the first Sen- ate Budget Committee hearing of the 114th Congress. This morning, we will hear testimony from the Congressional Budget Office Director, Doug Elmendorf, as he explains CBO’s out- look on critical fiscal issues confronting our country. Congress is under new management, and so is this committee. I am Mike Enzi. I am a Senator from Wyoming. I was first elected in 1996. Budgets matter to me. I am an accountant. I ran a small business in Wyoming for many years and kept my books balanced. I ran for mayor when I was 29 on a balanced budget platform and got elected, and then later got elected as a State legislator on the same platform. In both roles, one of my key jobs was making sure that the city budget, and then the State budget, balanced every year. I did not forget that when I came to the Senate. My first floor speech was to support a Constitutional amendment to balance the budget. After several years in the Senate, I finally had a chance to join this committee and got to be Chairman earlier this month. There is some activity across the nation that we should be inter- ested in. There are 24 States that have already passed a Balanced Budget Constitutional Convention amendment, and there are ten more that are working on it. If 34 states pass it, that makes it hap- pen. What could that mean? Currently, we spend 3.9 trillion dollars— that does not sound like nearly as much as 3,900 billion dollars, which is what we spend. I think that is easier to understand. Twenty-eight-hundred billion of those are checks that are auto- matically written. We do not make any special decisions on them. So, that leaves us with 1,100 billion to make the decision. Last (1) 2 year, we spent one-and-one-tenths trillion, 1,100 billion. The deficit last year was 468 billion. So, we spent almost 50 percent more than we took in. So, to balance the budget, we would have to make some really detrimental decisions. Just trying to balance the budget over ten years, which is what we are trying to do in this budget, will be a difficult task. Of course, that is all related to the debt and interest. It would help if we could stay at a mere one-and-seven-tenths per- cent interest rate. This year, I intend to run a Budget Committee dedicated to the proposition that we have to confront spending, bringing the deficit to an end and ultimately balancing the budget. We are currently receiving more revenues than we have received in the history of the United States, but we are still spending a lot more than our revenues. As the first accountant to handle the gavel, the focus for me will always be the numbers. What do we spend? Where does that spending go? Where does the money we spend come from? Can we afford the spending we have? Where can we find the best value for the money that comes to Washington and leaves our Treasury? One thing I learned at an early age, while you can lie about the numbers, numbers never lie, and so I will always be looking for the numbers—looking at the numbers and, hopefully, understanding the numbers to be able to explain to colleagues and constituents the facts about our budget
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Monica Prasad Northwestern University Department of Sociology
    SPRING 2016 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW COLLOQUIUM ON TAX POLICY AND PUBLIC FINANCE “The Popular Origins of Neoliberalism in the Reagan Tax Cut of 1981” Monica Prasad Northwestern University Department of Sociology May 3, 2016 Vanderbilt-208 Time: 4:00-5:50 pm Number 14 SCHEDULE FOR 2016 NYU TAX POLICY COLLOQUIUM (All sessions meet on Tuesdays from 4-5:50 pm in Vanderbilt 208, NYU Law School) 1. January 19 – Eric Talley, Columbia Law School. “Corporate Inversions and the unbundling of Regulatory Competition.” 2. January 26 – Michael Simkovic, Seton Hall Law School. “The Knowledge Tax.” 3. February 2 – Lucy Martin, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Political Science. “The Structure of American Income Tax Policy Preferences.” 4. February 9 – Donald Marron, Urban Institute. “Should Governments Tax Unhealthy Foods and Drinks?" 5. February 23 – Reuven S. Avi-Yonah, University of Michigan Law School. “Evaluating BEPS” 6. March 1 – Kevin Markle, University of Iowa Business School. “The Effect of Financial Constraints on Income Shifting by U.S. Multinationals.” 7. March 8 – Theodore P. Seto, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles. “Preference-Shifting and the Non-Falsifiability of Optimal Tax Theory.” 8. March 22 – James Kwak, University of Connecticut School of Law. “Reducing Inequality With a Retrospective Tax on Capital.” 9. March 29 – Miranda Stewart, The Australian National University. “Transnational Tax Law: Fiction or Reality, Future or Now?” 10. April 5 – Richard Prisinzano, U.S. Treasury Department, and Danny Yagan, University of California at Berkeley Economics Department, et al. “Business In The United States: Who Owns It And How Much Tax Do They Pay?” 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuesday, November 15, 2016 Global Trumpism Why Trump's Victory Was
    11/21/2016 Global Trumpism Home > Global Trumpism Tuesday, November 15, 2016 Global Trumpism Why Trump’s Victory Was 30 Years in the Making and Why It Won’t Stop Here Mark Blyth Mark Blyth is Eastman Professor of Political Economy at Brown University. Trump’s victory was predictable [1], and was predicted [2], but not by looking at polls. Polling has taken a beating recently having failed to predict the victory of David Cameron’s Conservative Party in the British general elections [3], then Brexit [4], and now the election of Donald Trump [5]. One can argue about what’s wrong with the methods involved, but more fundamentally what polls do is to treat these phenomena as isolated events when they are in fact the product of a common set of causes 30 years in the making. There are two issues at play here. The first is known as Galton’s problem, after Sir Francis Galton, the inventor of much of modern statistics. Galton’s problem is that when we treat cases as independent—the British election, Brexit, the U.S. election—they may not actually be independent. There may be links between the cases—think of Brexit’s Nigel Farage showing up at Trump's rallies [6]—and there could be subtler contagion [7] or mimicry [8] effects in play as information from one case “infects” the other, changing the dynamics of the system as a whole. Could there then be a higher set of drivers in the global economy [9] pushing the world in a direction where Trump is really just one part of a more global pattern of events? Consider that there are many Trumpets blowing around the developed world, on both the right and the left.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Transcript
    The Economic Club of Washington, D.C. The Gang of Six’s Work on Reducing the Budget Deficit Welcome and moderator: David Rubenstein, President, Economic Club of Washington Speakers: Senator Saxby Chambliss (R-GA) Senator Mark Warner (D-VA) Washington, D.C. 12:00 p.m. Wednesday, June 8, 2011 Transcript by Federal News Service Washington, D.C. DAVID M. RUBENSTEIN: Everybody please take their seats. We’re on a tight schedule. Thank you. I want to welcome everybody to our 10th event of this season. I know we’ve had a lot of events, but I think they’ve been pretty good. I want to thank all of you for coming to the events. I want to recognize our corporate sponsors first: Bank of America – Bill Cooper, Larry Parrish is here. Bank of America is where? Right here; thank you. And Akin Gump – is Tony Pierce here? Thank you. Information Management Consultants: Sudhakar Shenoy – where is Sudhakar? There you are; thank you. Ernst & Young: Dan Murrin – Dan is there. Thank you. And Carlyle Group: Ed Mathias. There you are. We have some special guests today. Jack Evans is here. Jack is a member of the city council. And Nat Gandhi from the District of Columbia government. The ambassador of Switzerland, Ambassador Sager, is here. Thank you. So, we have upcoming events. I think people know on June the 28th, we have a breakfast at the JW Marriott with Tony Blair. There’s a fair amount of interest so if you’re interested in going, please sign up. I think you’ll find that interesting, a session with former Prime Minister Blair.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense: an Assessment
    DEFENSE BUSINESS BOARD Submitted to the Secretary of Defense The Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense: An Assessment DBB FY 20-01 An assessment of the effectiveness, responsibilities, and authorities of the Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense as required by §904 of the FY20 NDAA June 1, 2020 DBB FY20-01 CMO Assessment 1 Executive Summary Tasking and Task Force: The Fiscal Year (FY) 2020 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) (Public Law (Pub. L. 116-92) required the Secretary of Defense (SD) to conduct an independent assessment of the Chief Management Officer (CMO) with six specific areas to be evaluated. The Defense Business Board (DBB) was selected on February 3, 2020 to conduct the independent assessment, with Arnold Punaro and Atul Vashistha assigned to co-chair the effort. Two additional DBB board members comprised the task force: David Walker and David Van Slyke. These individuals more than meet the independence and competencies required by the NDAA. Approach: The DBB task force focused on the CMO office and the Department of Defense (DoD) business transformation activities since 2008 when the office was first established by the Congress as the Deputy Chief Management Officer (DCMO), and in 2018 when the Congress increased its statutory authority and elevated it to Executive Level (EX) II and the third ranking official in DoD. The taskforce reviewed all previous studies of DoD management and organizations going back twenty years and completed over ninety interviews, including current and former DoD, public and private sector leaders. The assessments of CMO effectiveness since 2008 are focused on the performance of the CMO as an organizational entity, and is not an appraisal of any administration or appointee.
    [Show full text]
  • Brown University, Associate Professor of Political Science, 2018-Present Assistant Professor of Political Science, 2013-2018 Fa
    ALEXANDER HIRSCHMAN GOUREVITCH Department of Political Science, Brown University, 36 Prospect St., Providence, RI, 02912 www.alexgourevitch.org, 212-729-1695, [email protected] POSITIONS Brown University, Associate Professor of Political Science, 2018-present Assistant Professor of Political Science, 2013-2018 Faculty Fellow Watson Institute for International Studies 2015-17 Faculty Associate Center for the Study of Slavery and Justice 2016 Post-Doctoral Research Associate, Political Theory Project, 2011-12 Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Studies, William Bentinck-Smith Fellow, 2016-17 McMaster University, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, 2012-13 Harvard University, Committee on Degrees in Social Studies, Harvard College Fellow 2010-11, Teaching Fellow 2008-10 EDUCATION Columbia University, Ph.D with distinction, M. Phil. 2006, Ph.D 2010 Supervisors: Jean Cohen, Nadia Urbinati, Ira Katznelson Oxford University, Frank Knox Fellow, Completed first year of M. Phil. in Politics, 2001- 2002, Two distinctions in Political Theory exams. Harvard University B.A. in Social Studies, magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa, 2001 PUBLICATIONS Books From Slavery to the Cooperative Commonwealth: Labor and Republican Liberty in the Nineteenth Century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Politics Without Sovereignty: A Critique of Contemporary International Relations, eds. Philip Cunliffe, Chris Bickerton, Alex Gourevitch, London: Routledge, 2007. Articles in Peer-Review Journals “The Right to Strike: A Radical View” American Political Science Review, 2018, 112:4, 905-917. “The Basic Income Illusion” co-authored with Lucas Stanczyk, Catalyst, Winter, 2018, 1:4, 151-177. “The Limits of Basic Income: The Means and Ends of Workplace Democracy,” Basic Income Studies, 2016, 11:1, 17-28.
    [Show full text]
  • GAO: Reporting the Facts, 1981-1996, the Charles A. Bowsher Years
    GAO: REPORTING THE FACTS, 1981-1996 The Charles A. Bowsher Years Maarja Krusten, GAO Historian A GAO: REPORTING THE FACTS, 1981-1996 The Charles A. Bowsher Years Maarja Krusten, Historian U.S. Government Accountability Office Washington, DC January 2018 Contents 1. PREFACE: GAO Sounds the Alarm on a Major Financial Crisis ................................................... 1 2. Setting the Scene ........................................................... 8 GAO’s evolution from 1921 to 1981 .............................. 9 Charles A. Bowsher’s background, 1931-1981 ..............14 3. Bowsher’s Early Assessments of GAO’s Organization and Operations ...................................... 25 4. Managing the Cost of Government and Facing the Facts on the Deficit .................................... 48 5. Early Examinations of Reporting and Timeliness ....................................................................57 6. Managing and Housing a Diverse and Multi-Disciplinary Workforce .................................... 66 7. Pay for Performance .................................................... 89 8. Re-Establishment of GAO’s Investigative Function ....................................................................... 94 9. Looking at the Big Picture .........................................101 10. The Broad Scope of GAO’s Reports ..........................106 11. GAO’s Position Within the Government ....................119 12. Client Outreach and Quality Management .................125 GAO’s quality management initiative ........................128
    [Show full text]
  • Learning and Change in Twentieth-Century British Economic Policy* By
    Center for European Studies Working Paper No. 109 Learning and Change in Twentieth-Century British Economic Policy* by Michael J. Oliver Hugh Pemberton Bates College London School of Economics Dept. of Economics and Political Science Pettengill Hall, Room 271 Houghton Street Lewiston, ME 04240-6028 London UK e-mail: [email protected] WC2A 2AE e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Despite considerable interest in the means by which policy learning occurs, and in how it is that the framework of policy may be subject to radical change, the “black box” of economic policymaking remains surprisingly murky. This article utilizes Peter Hall’s concept of “social learning” to develop a more sophisti- cated model of policy learning; one in which paradigm failure does not necessarily lead to wholesale paradigm replacement, and in which an administrative battle of ideas may be just as important a determinant of paradigm change as a political struggle. It then applies this model in a survey of UK economic policymaking since the 1930s: examining the shift to “Keynesianism” during the 1930s and 1940s; the substantial revision of this framework in the 1960s; the collapse of the “Keynesian-plus” framework in the 1970s; and the major revisions to the new “neo-liberal” policy framework in the 1980s and 1990s. *The authors would like to thank Mark Blyth, Alan Booth, Francesco Duina, Mark Garnett, Ian Greener, Peter Hall, Rodney Lowe, Roger Middleton, Peter Wardley, and Mark Wickham-Jones for their advice and for their constructive criticisms during the development of this article. They are also indebted to participants at the 2001 European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy Conference, and have welcomed the opportunity to present the arguments developed in this paper to seminars held at Bates College, Colby College, Denison University, Harvard University and the University of Bristol.
    [Show full text]
  • Matthias M. Matthijs
    MATTHIAS M. MATTHIJS Johns Hopkins University Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) 1740 Massachusetts Avenue N.W. Washington, DC 20036 [email protected] (202) 663-5743 (phone) (202) 663-7718 (fax) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CURRENT POSITIONS Associate Professor of International Political EconoMy, 12/2019 – current Johns Hopkins University – School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). Washington, DC. • Full-tiMe Regular Faculty AppointMent (Tenured) • Assistant Professor of International Political EconoMy, 7/2012 – 12/2019 • AcadeMic Co-Chair of Bernard L. Schwartz Globalization Initiative, 7/2012 – 6/2015 Senior Fellow for Europe, 9/2019 – current Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), David Rockefeller Studies PrograM. Washington, DC. PREVIOUS ACADEMIC POSITIONS Assistant Professor of International EconoMic Relations, 8/2008 – 6/2012 American University – School of International Service (SIS). Washington, DC. • Full-tiMe TerM Faculty AppointMent in International EconoMic Relations (IER) Visiting Assistant Professor of International Political EconoMy, 1/2010 – 6/2010 Johns Hopkins University – SAIS Bologna Center. Bologna, Italy. Adjunct Professor of International EconoMics & International Relations, 6/2005 – 6/2012 Johns Hopkins University – SAIS. Washington, DC. OTHER PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Consultant, 11/2009 – 5/2011 The Economist Intelligence Unit. London, United KingdoM. Consultant, 11/2005 – 12/2007 The World Bank Group – International
    [Show full text]
  • Health Care in America: a Right Or a Privilege? John Tooker, MD, MBA, MACP; Introduction by Richard L
    Health care in America: A right or a privilege? John Tooker, MD, MBA, MACP; introduction by Richard L. Byyny, MD, FACP remedies—was more about public health than individual Dr. Tooker (AΩA, University of Colorado, 1970) served as patients, and was considered more effective than care by Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President of the doctor. While doctors could diagnose some illnesses, the American College of Physicians from 2002 – 2010. there were primarily mystical treatments with potions that In that capacity he was involved in developing the policy did nothing, or could cause further harm. framework of the Affordable Care Act. He is a member Health care was inexpensive, with the average American of the AΩA Board of Directors. spending about $5 per year on health care. Physician payment was often a bartering system of reciprocal exchange of goods or services, or direct financial payment. Introduction Hospitals were largely places to die, or be isolated from by Richard L. Byyny, MD others, with some surgeries performed using rudimentary anesthesia. Most medical care, births, and surgeries were performed in the home. Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every Health insurance evolved during the industrial devel- rocket fired, signifies in the final sense a theft from those opment, that followed the Civil War. Most industrial jobs who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are were dangerous and associated with job-related injuries not clothed. that often resulted in life-long disabilities. In some indus- tries, more than 10 percent of workers were injured, or —President Dwight D.
    [Show full text]
  • Contrasting the 1986 Tax Reform Act with the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
    The Promise and Limits of Fundamental Tax Reform: Contrasting the 1986 Tax Reform Act with the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Ajay K. Mehrotra†* & Dominic Bayer** In December 2017, the Trump administration and its congressional allies enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, hailing it as the twenty-first century successor to the “landmark” Reagan-era Tax Reform Act of 1986. Indeed, the ’86 Act has long been celebrated by scholars and lawmakers alike as the apex of fundamental tax reform. The ’86 Act’s commitment to broadening the income tax base by eliminating numerous tax benefits and reducing marginal tax rates was seen in 1986 as the culmination of a nearly century- long intellectual movement toward conceptual tax reform. † Copyright © 2019 Ajay K. Mehrotra & Dominic Bayer. * Executive Director & Research Professor, American Bar Foundation; Professor of Law & History, Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law. An earlier version of this Essay was presented at the 2019 American Association of Law School’s Annual Conference. Many thanks to the participants at that conference for useful feedback, with special thanks for specific comments to Reuven Avi-Yonah, Isaac Martin, Shuyi Oei, Monica Prasad, Dan Shaviro, and Joe Thorndike. And thanks to Clare Gaynor Willis and Robert Owoo for their research assistance and to the editors of the UC Davis Law Review Online, especially Louis Gabriel, for all their help and editorial guidance. ** Leopold Fellow, Nicholas D. Chabraja Center for Historical Studies, Northwestern University Class of 2020. 93 94 UC Davis Law Review Online [Vol. 53:93 While the ’86 Act may have been landmark legislation at its inception, it gradually unraveled over time.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 116 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 116 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 165 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 19, 2019 No. 206 Senate The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was U.S. SENATE, House amendment to the Senate called to order by the Honorable THOM PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, amendment), to change the enactment TILLIS, a Senator from the State of Washington, DC, December 19, 2019. date. North Carolina. To the Senate: McConnell Amendment No. 1259 (to Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, Amendment No. 1258), of a perfecting f of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby appoint the Honorable THOM TILLIS, a Sen- nature. McConnell motion to refer the mes- PRAYER ator from the State of North Carolina, to perform the duties of the Chair. sage of the House on the bill to the The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- CHUCK GRASSLEY, Committee on Appropriations, with in- fered the following prayer: President pro tempore. structions, McConnell Amendment No. Let us pray. Mr. TILLIS thereupon assumed the 1260, to change the enactment date. Eternal God, You are our light and Chair as Acting President pro tempore. McConnell Amendment No. 1261 (the salvation, and we are not afraid. You instructions (Amendment No. 1260) of f protect us from danger so we do not the motion to refer), of a perfecting na- tremble. RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME ture. Mighty God, You are not intimidated The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- McConnell Amendment No. 1262 (to by the challenges that confront our Na- pore.
    [Show full text]
  • President's Budget for Fiscal Year 2013
    S. HRG. 112–733 PRESIDENT’S BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2013 HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FINANCE UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FEBRUARY 14, 2012 ( Printed for the use of the Committee on Finance U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 79–764—PDF WASHINGTON : 2012 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 20:27 Mar 25, 2013 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 R:\DOCS\79764.000 TIMD COMMITTEE ON FINANCE MAX BAUCUS, Montana, Chairman JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah KENT CONRAD, North Dakota CHUCK GRASSLEY, Iowa JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts JON KYL, Arizona RON WYDEN, Oregon MIKE CRAPO, Idaho CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York PAT ROBERTS, Kansas DEBBIE STABENOW, Michigan MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming MARIA CANTWELL, Washington JOHN CORNYN, Texas BILL NELSON, Florida TOM COBURN, Oklahoma ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey JOHN THUNE, South Dakota THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware RICHARD BURR, North Carolina BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland RUSSELL SULLIVAN, Staff Director CHRIS CAMPBELL, Republican Staff Director (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 20:27 Mar 25, 2013 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 R:\DOCS\79764.000 TIMD C O N T E N T S OPENING STATEMENTS Page Baucus, Hon. Max, a U.S. Senator from Montana, chairman, Committee on Finance ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]