DOCSLIB.ORG

Supp Draft V2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Supp Draft V2 Supplementary Information for The evolution and changing ecology of the African hominid oral microbiome James A. Fellows Yates, Irina M. Velsko, Franziska Aron, Cosimo Posth, Courtney A. Hofman, Rita M. Austin, Cody E. Parker, Allison E. Mann, Kathrin Nägele, Kathryn Weedman Arthur, John W. Arthur, Catherina C. Bauer, Isabelle Crevecoeur, Christophe Cupillard, Matthew C. Curtis, Love Dalén, Marta Díaz-Zorita Bonilla, J. Carlos Díez Fernández-Lomana, Dorothée G. Drucker, Elena Escribano Escrivá, Michael Francken, Victoria E. Gibbon, Manuel Gonzalez Morales, Ana Grande Mateu, Katerina Harvati, Amanda G. Henry, Louise Humphrey, Mario Menéndez, Dušan Mihailović, Marco Peresani, Sofía Rodríguez Moroder, Mirjana Roksandic, Hélène Rougier, Sandra Sázelová, Jay T. Stock, Lawrence Guy Straus, Jiří Svoboda, Barbara Teßmann, Michael J. Walker, Robert C. Power, Cecil M. Lewis, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan, Katerina Guschanski, Richard Wrangham, Floyd E. Dewhirst, Domingo C. Salazar- Garcia, Johannes Krause, Alexander Herbig, Christina Warinner. James A. Fellows Yates, Christina Warinner Email: [email protected], [email protected] This PDF file includes: Supplementary text Figures S1 to S14 Table S1 Legends for Datasets S1 to S3 SI References Other supplementary materials for this manuscript include the following: Datasets S1 to S3 1 Table of Contents Supplementary Information Text S1. Primate host species and subspecies included in this study 4 S1.1 Alouatta (Outgroup) 4 S1.1.1 Alouatta palliata (Mantled howler monkey) 4 S1.2 Gorilla 5 S1.2.1 Gorilla beringei (Eastern gorilla) 5 S1.2.2 Gorilla gorilla (Western lowland gorilla) 6 S1.3 Pan 6 S1.3.1 Pan troglodytes (Common chimpanzee) 7 S1.4 Homo 8 S1.4.1 Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthal) 8 S1.4.2. Homo sapiens (Modern Human) 9 S2. Laboratory procedure 11 S2.1 Dental calculus collection 12 S2.2 DNA extraction 12 S2.3 Library preparation and sequencing 13 S2.3.1 Shallow Sequenced Dataset 13 S2.3.2 Deep Sequenced Dataset 14 S2.4 Sequencing 15 S2.4.1 Dental calculus 15 S2.4.2 Controls 15 S2.4.3 Sequence data 15 S3. Data processing and quality filtering 15 S3.1 Publicly available data 15 S3.1.1 Dental calculus 15 S3.1.2 Modern human microbiome and environment 16 S3.2 Sequencing Quality Control and Human DNA Removal 16 S3.2.1 Shallow sequenced dataset 17 S3.2.2 Deep Sequenced dataset 17 S3.3 Taxonomic binning and classification 17 S3.4 Preservation assessment and removal of low quality samples 19 S3.4.1 Cumulative percent decay 20 S3.4.2 SourceTracker 22 S3.4.3 Comparison of methods 24 S3.4.4 Abundance of eukaryotic content as a preservation indicator? 24 S3.5 Ancient DNA authentication 24 S3.6 Contamination assessment and removal 25 S4. Microbial compositional analysis 26 S4.1 Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) 26 S4.2 PERMANOVA 27 S4.3 Hierarchical clustering 28 S4.4 Indicator analysis 30 S4.5 Are dietary practices associated with oral microbiome composition? 31 S5. Core microbiome 32 S5.1 Biofilm spatial organization and development: current state of knowledge 32 S5.1.1 Periodontal disease and associated microbial taxa 34 S5.2 Parameter selection of core microbiome analysis 36 S5.3 Comparison among African hominid core microbiomes 39 S5.4 Evolutionary and ecological relationships among core oral microbes of African hominids 40 S5.5 Evolution of oral disease virulence factors in late-colonisers 42 S5.6 Host-associated differences in early-coloniser Streptococcus species 43 S5.6.1 Streptococcus ɑ-amylase-binding proteins as an indicator of host-microbe coevolution 44 S5.7 Detection of amylase-binding protein genes abpA and abpB 46 S5.8 Salivary amylase, cooked starches, and the Expensive-Tissue Hypothesis 47 2 S5.9 Dating expansion of starch-associated streptococci using amylase binding proteins 51 S5.9.1 abpA 51 S5.9.2 abpB 52 S6. Microbial phylogenetics 52 S6.1 Super-reference construction 53 S6.2 Alignment and species selection 54 S6.3 Performance of super-reference vs. single reference mapping 55 S6.4 Single reference genome mapping statistics 56 S6.5 Variant calling and single-allelic position assessment 56 S6.6 Phylogenetic trees 57 S7. Functional and metabolic pathway analysis 60 S7.1 HUMAnN2 60 S7.1.1 Pathway abundance 61 S7.1.2 KEGG ortholog distribution 61 S7.1.3 Species contributions to KEGG orthologs 64 S7.1.4 Metabolic category PCAs 65 S7.2 AADDER 66 S7.2.1 SEED profile 66 S7.2.2 Species contributions to SEED proteins 69 S7.2.3 Metabolic category PCAs 70 Supplementary Figures Fig. S1. Primate species analysed in this study and their dental calculus 72 Fig. S2. Flowchart of study processing, authentication and analysis procedures 73 Fig. S3. Data quality and authentication filters applied to dental calculus samples in this study 74 Fig. S4. Representative ancient authenticity metrics for Neanderthals from Pesturina (PES001) and de Nadale (GDN001) caves 75 Fig. S5. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of dental calculus and sources 76 Fig. S6. Hierarchical clustering of different Homo calculus microbiomes, comparing different lifestyles and regions 77 Fig. S7. Alluvial diagram showing effects of increasing the minimum abundance threshold to the MALT OTU table-based core microbiome calculations 78 Fig. S8. Alluvial diagram showing effects of dropping and retaining a single-individual Gorilla population in core microbiome calculations at genus and species taxonomic levels 79 Fig. S9. Core microbiome strategy and virulence genes 80 Fig. S10. Comparison of the number of multi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified when using a single representative genome mapping strategy versus a multi-reference genome (super-reference) mapping approach 81 Fig. S11. Neighbour joining trees of eight well-supported core calculus taxa from single representative mappings of the deep sequenced dataset 82 Fig. S12. Replication of production dataset phylogenies with low-coverage and damage-containing screening dataset with additional European individuals 83 Fig. S13. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) biplots of functional annotations with the top 10 positive and negative loadings separating Homo from the other hosts 84 Fig. S14. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) using KEGG orthologs or SEED-classified proteins belonging to specific metabolic pathway categories 85 Supplementary Tables Table S1. Summary of host species and dental calculus samples included in study 86 Legends for Datasets S1 to S3 Data S1. Laboratory metadata: detailed sample, laboratory and analytical metadata (.xlsx) Data S2. Metagenomic taxa tables: OTU tables from MALT taxonomic assignment (.xlsx) Data S3. Core microbiome taxa (.xlsx) References 88 3 S1. Primate host species and subspecies included in this study To better understand oral microbiome evolution and ecology in primates, dental calculus from six host species spanning three hominid genera and one New World howler monkey outgroup were collected and analysed in this study (Table S1). These taxa were selected to focus on African members of the family Hominidae (great apes including ‘archaic’ and modern humans) and using the New World howler monkey species Alouatta palliata as an outgroup. A cladogram illustrating the relationships between these host species is provided in Fig. S1A. Dental calculus samples in this study were obtained from primate research stations, museums, dental clinics, and archaeological collections originating from 19 countries in Africa, Europe, and Central America (Fig. 1a; Data S1). For present-day modern humans, dental calculus was obtained under informed consent during routine dental cleanings, and research protocols for analyzing de-identified samples were approved by the Institutional Review Board for Human Research Participant Protection at the University of Oklahoma (IRB#4543). Archaeological dental calculus within the genus Homo was obtained from three groups chosen to represent distinctive phases in human history: 1) pre-antibiotic era modern humans, 2) pre-agricultural modern humans, and 3) extinct Homo. All non-human primate dental calculus was obtained postmortem from wild populations. To avoid potential group- or collection-specific batch effects, dental calculus samples for each host species were drawn from at least two different populations, with the exception of the howler monkey outgroup, which were all obtained from a single island in Nicaragua. A total of 115 new dental calculus samples from 109 individuals were initially screened for this study, of which 75 individuals passed genetic quality filters. In addition, we also analysed previously published calculus data from four Neanderthals, one chimpanzee (1), and ten present-day modern humans (2), of which all but one Neanderthal sample passed our genetic quality filters. Our combined total sample size was thus 124 individuals, of which 89 passed genetic quality filters. An overview of each host species, contributing institution, and collection details are provided below and are summarised in Data S1. Below we describe each species, their dietary habits, and known factors affecting their oral environment (e.g., saliva production, salivary pH, salivary protein composition, and antifeedant intake), which may influence their oral microbiome. Please note that in the following sections we use the following temporal terminology: ‘Ma’ for million years ago; ‘ka’ for thousand years ago. S1.1 Alouatta (Outgroup) Alouatta is a genus of New World monkeys in the family Atelidae native to tropical forests in Central and South America. New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) are estimated to have diverged from Old World monkeys and apes (Catarrhini) approximately 40 Ma (3, 4). S1.1.1 Alouatta palliata (Mantled howler monkey) Mantled howler monkeys are among the largest Central American monkeys. They consume a seasonal diet mostly of young leaves and ripe fruits, focusing primarily on trees in the family Moraceae, especially Ficus spp., Brosimum alicastrum, and Poulsenia armata, but also the trees Cecropia obtusifolia, Spondias radlkoferi, and Dipholis minutiflora (5). Microwear analysis of A. palliata dentition shows a high degree of anisotropy (6) reflecting the relative toughness of their diet and repetitive masticatory abrasion by plant phytoliths.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Further Evidence for Bow Hunting and Its Implications More Than 60 000
    1 Further evidence for bow hunting and its implications more than 60 000 2 years ago: results of a use-trace analysis of the bone point from Klasies River 3 Main site, South Africa. 4 5 Justin Bradfield1*, Marlize Lombard1, Jerome Reynard2, Sarah Wurz2,3 6 1. Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, 7 Johannesburg, South Africa 8 2. School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Science, University of the 9 Witwatersrand 10 3. SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapiensCE), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 11 * [email protected] 12 13 14 15 Abstract 16 The bone point (SAM 42160) from >60 ka deposits at Klasies River Main Site, South Africa, is 17 reassessed. We clarify the stratigraphic integrity of SAM 42160 and confirm its Middle Stone 18 Age provenience. We find evidence that indicates the point was hafted and partially coated 19 in an adhesive substance. Internal fractures are consistent with stresses occasioned by high- 20 velocity, longitudinal impact. SAM 42160, like its roughly contemporaneous counterpart, 21 farther north at Sibudu Cave, likely functioned as a hafted arrowhead. We highlight a 22 growing body of evidence for bow hunting at this early period and explore what the 23 implications of bow-and-arrow technology might reveal about the cognition of Middle Stone 24 Age people who were able to conceive, construct and use it. 25 26 Keywords: arrowhead; bone point; bow hunting; traceology; cognition, palaeo-neurology; 27 symbiotic technology 28 29 30 31 1. Introduction 32 Multiple lines of evidence have been mounting over the last decade to support bow hunting 33 in South Africa before 60 ka.
    [Show full text]
  • Palaeolithic Bone Retouchers from Belgium: a Preliminary­ Overview of the Recent Research Through Historic and Recently Excavated Bone Collections
    GRÉGORY ABRAMS PALAEOLITHIC BONE RETOUCHERS FROM BELGIUM: A PRE LIMINARY OVERVIEW OF THE RECENT RESEARCH THROUGH HISTORIC AND RECENTLY EXCAVATED BONE COLLECTIONS Abstract Since the first half of the 19th century, Belgium has provided a multitude of sites dating back to the Palaeo- lithic. These discoveries have contributed to the definition of the Palaeolithic and to the understanding of prehistoric people. This long tradition of research has resulted in the collection of thousands of bones that are increasingly the subject of extensive analysis, including the study of bone retouchers. At present, this re- search has identified 535 retouchers in various Belgian repositories. The tools come from different sites with highly variable and incomplete contextual information depending on their excavation history (e.g., Trou du Diable and the Caves of Goyet). In contrast, unit 5 of Scladina Cave constitutes a well-defined assemblage. Bones with fresh fracture patterns provide interesting technological data, such as a refitted cave bear femo- ral shaft that includes four retouchers. The use of cave bear bones for producing tools at Scladina Cave as well as retouchers made from Neanderthal remains from the 3rd Cave of Goyet gives rise to questions about the possible symbolic meanings attributed to particular species. Keywords Belgium; Middle Palaeolithic; Retouchers; Neanderthals; Cave bear; Refitting Introduction Belgian Palaeolithic research has its roots deep in ness of cave sites was such that most were explored the first half of the 19th century with the work of during the 19th century. Philippe-Charles Schmerling, who found the first Since the beginning of research into Belgian Neander thal remains in Engis Cave in the early prehistory, archaeologists have focused their atten- 1830s.
    [Show full text]
  • Sources of Maratha History: Indian Sources
    1 SOURCES OF MARATHA HISTORY: INDIAN SOURCES Unit Structure : 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Maratha Sources 1.3 Sanskrit Sources 1.4 Hindi Sources 1.5 Persian Sources 1.6 Summary 1.7 Additional Readings 1.8 Questions 1.0 OBJECTIVES After the completion of study of this unit the student will be able to:- 1. Understand the Marathi sources of the history of Marathas. 2. Explain the matter written in all Bakhars ranging from Sabhasad Bakhar to Tanjore Bakhar. 3. Know Shakavalies as a source of Maratha history. 4. Comprehend official files and diaries as source of Maratha history. 5. Understand the Sanskrit sources of the Maratha history. 6. Explain the Hindi sources of Maratha history. 7. Know the Persian sources of Maratha history. 1.1 INTRODUCTION The history of Marathas can be best studied with the help of first hand source material like Bakhars, State papers, court Histories, Chronicles and accounts of contemporary travelers, who came to India and made observations of Maharashtra during the period of Marathas. The Maratha scholars and historians had worked hard to construct the history of the land and people of Maharashtra. Among such scholars people like Kashinath Sane, Rajwade, Khare and Parasnis were well known luminaries in this field of history writing of Maratha. Kashinath Sane published a mass of original material like Bakhars, Sanads, letters and other state papers in his journal Kavyetihas Samgraha for more eleven years during the nineteenth century. There is much more them contribution of the Bharat Itihas Sanshodhan Mandal, Pune to this regard.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbiology of Endodontic Infections
    Scient Open Journal of Dental and Oral Health Access Exploring the World of Science ISSN: 2369-4475 Short Communication Microbiology of Endodontic Infections This article was published in the following Scient Open Access Journal: Journal of Dental and Oral Health Received August 30, 2016; Accepted September 05, 2016; Published September 12, 2016 Harpreet Singh* Abstract Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Gian Sagar Dental College, Patiala, Punjab, India Root canal system acts as a ‘privileged sanctuary’ for the growth and survival of endodontic microbiota. This is attributed to the special environment which the microbes get inside the root canals and several other associated factors. Although a variety of microbes have been isolated from the root canal system, bacteria are the most common ones found to be associated with Endodontic infections. This article gives an in-depth view of the microbiology involved in endodontic infections during its different stages. Keywords: Bacteria, Endodontic, Infection, Microbiology Introduction Microorganisms play an unequivocal role in infecting root canal system. Endodontic infections are different from the other oral infections in the fact that they occur in an environment which is closed to begin with since the root canal system is an enclosed one, surrounded by hard tissues all around [1,2]. Most of the diseases of dental pulp and periradicular tissues are associated with microorganisms [3]. Endodontic infections occur and progress when the root canal system gets exposed to the oral environment by one reason or the other and simultaneously when there is fall in the body’s immune when the ingress is from a carious lesion or a traumatic injury to the coronal tooth structure.response [4].However, To begin the with, issue the if notmicrobes taken arecare confined of, ultimately to the leadsintra-radicular to the egress region of pathogensIn total, and bacteria their by-productsdetected from from the the oral apical cavity foramen fall into to 13 the separate periradicular phyla, tissues.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Arqueologíaaplicada a La
    La Investigación Experimental Arqueologíaaplicada a la Antonio Morgado Javier Baena Preysler David García Gonzalez EDITORES Colaboran: © Producción editorial: Antonio Morgado Javier Baena Preysler David García Gonzalez © Fotografías: Sus autores © Textos: Sus autores Primera edición: Octubre de 2011 Maquetación: Álvaro Sedeño Márquez Impreso en Andalucía por Imprenta Galindo, SL (Ronda, Málaga) Índice Pág. • PRESENTACIÓN: Francisco CONTRERAS CORTES ........................................................................................................... 15 • INTRODUCCIÓN: Antonio MORGADO, David GARCÍA GONZÁLEZ y Javier BAENA PREYSLER ..................................... 17 • I. Experimentación, Arqueología experimental y experiencia del pasado en la Arqueología actual Antonio MORGADO y Javier BAENA PREYSLER ............................................................................................................... 21 BLOQUE I: TECNOLOGÍA Y TRACEOLOGÍA LÍTICA PREHISTÓRICA Y SU EXPERIMENTACIÓN ........................................ 29 • II. Las experimentaciones aplicadas a la tecnología lítica. Jacques PELEGRIN .................................................... 31 • III. Refl exiones epistemológicas sobre Arqueología y tecnología lítica experimental. Hugo G. NAMI ............. 37 • IV. Análisis tecnológico y esquemas diacríticos como medio de representación dinámico de la información obtenida a nivel experimental Daniel RUBIO GIL, Felipe CUARTERO MONTEAGUDO, Diego MARTÍN PUIG, Carmen MANZANO MOLINA y Javier BAENA PREYSLER ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Growth, Learning, Play and Attachment in Neanderthal Children
    This is a repository copy of The Cradle of Thought : Growth, Learning, Play and Attachment in Neanderthal children. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/83027/ Version: Submitted Version Article: Spikins, Penny orcid.org/0000-0002-9174-5168, Hitchens, Gail, Rutherford, Holly et al. (1 more author) (2014) The Cradle of Thought : Growth, Learning, Play and Attachment in Neanderthal children. Oxford Journal of Archaeology. pp. 111-134. ISSN 0262-5253 https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12030 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ THE CRADLE OF THOUGHT: GROWTH, LEARNING, PLAY AND ATTACHMENT IN NEANDERTHAL CHILDREN Penny Spikins, Gail Hitchens, Andy Needham and Holly Rutherford Department of Archaeology University of York King’s Manor York YO1 7EP SUMMARY Childhood is a core stage in development, essential in the acquisition of social, practical and cultural skills. However, this area receives limited attention in archaeological debate, especially in early prehistory.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza­ Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Tese1997vol1.Pdf
    Dedicado à Cristina e ao João David Advertência prévia Este trabalho corresponde à dissertação escrita pelo autor para obtenção do grau de doutoramento em Pré-História pela Universidade de Lisboa. A sua redacção ficou concluída em Abril de 1995, e a respectiva arguição teve lugar em Novembro do mesmo ano. A versão agora publicada beneficiou de pequenos ajustamentos do texto, de uma actualização da biliografia e do acrescento de alguns elementos de informação novos, nomeadamente no que diz respeito a datações radiométricas. A obra compreende dois volumes. No volume II agruparam-se os capítulos sobre a história da investigação e a metodologia utilizada na análise dos materiais líticos, bem como os estudos monográficos das diferentes colecções. No volume I, sintetizaram-se as conclusões derivadas desses estudos, e procurou-se integrá-las num quadro histórico e geográfico mais lato, o das sociedades de caçadores do Paleolítico Superior do Sudoeste da Europa. A leitura do volume I é suficiente para a aquisição de uma visão de conjunto dos conhecimentos actuais respeitantes a este período em Portugal. Uma tal leitura deve ter em conta, porém, que essa síntese pressupõe uma crítica das fontes utilizadas. Em Arqueologia, o instrumento dessa crítica é a análise tafonómica dos sítios e espólios. A argumentação sobre as respectivas condições de jazida é desenvolvida no quadro dos estudos apresentados no volume II. É neles que deve ser buscada a razão de ser das opções tomadas quanto à caracterização dos contextos (ocupações singulares, palimpsestos de ocupações múltiplas), à sua homogeneidade (uma só época ou várias épocas), à sua integridade (em posição primária ou secundária), à sua representatividade (universo ou amostra, recuperação integral ou parcial) e à sua cronologia (ou cronologias).
    [Show full text]
  • A B S T Ra C T S O F T H E O Ra L and Poster Presentations
    Abstracts of the oral and poster presentations (in alphabetic order) see Addenda, p. 271 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 81 82 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 ABRAMS Grégory1, BONJEAN ABUHELALEH Bellal1, AL NAHAR Maysoon2, Dominique1, Di Modica Kévin1 & PATOU- BERRUTI Gabriele Luigi Francesco, MATHIS Marylène2 CANCELLIERI Emanuele1 & THUN 1, Centre de recherches de la grotte Scladina, 339D Rue Fond des Vaux, 5300 Andenne, HOHENSTEIN Ursula1 Belgique, [email protected]; [email protected] ; [email protected] 2, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Département Préhistoire du Muséum National d’Histoire 1, Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, Ferrara Naturelle, 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France, [email protected] (FE: 44100), Italy, [email protected] 2, Department of Archaeology, University of Jordan. Amman 11942 Jordan, maysnahar@gmail. com Les os brûlés de l’ensemble sédimentaire 1A de Scladina (Andenne, Belgique) : apports naturels ou restes de foyer Study of Bone artefacts and use techniques from the Neo- néandertalien ? lithic Jordanian site; Tell Abu Suwwan (PPNB-PN) L’ensemble sédimentaire 1A de la grotte Scladina, daté par 14C entre In this paper we would like to present the experimental study car- 40 et 37.000 B.P., recèle les traces d’une occupation par les Néan- ried out in order to reproduce the bone artifacts coming from the dertaliens qui contient environ 3.500 artefacts lithiques ainsi que Neolithic site Tell Abu Suwwan-Jordan. This experimental project plusieurs milliers de restes fauniques, attribués majoritairement au aims to complete the archaeozoological analysis of the bone arti- Cheval pour les herbivores.
    [Show full text]
  • Gilliane Monnier,* Gilbert Tostevin,⁑ Goran Pajović,** Nikola Borovinić,*** Mile Baković***
    Gilliane Monnier,* Gilbert Tostevin,⁑ Goran Pajović,** Nikola Borovinić,*** Mile Baković*** Nova istraživanja paleolitskog nalazišta Crvena Stijena, istorijski kontekst Abstract: The rockshelter of Crvena Stijena (Nikšić municipality, Montenegro) is one of the most important Paleolithic sites in southeastern Europe. Its 20-meter deep sequence of archaeological deposits spans the Middle Paleolithic through the Bronze Age. The Middle Paleolithic deposits themselves, which cover an astonishing 12 meters in depth, contain one of the longest records of Neanderthal occupation in the region. Since its discovery in 1954, the site has been the subject of two major research projects; the data they have produced have helped make it a critical type-site for the Paleolithic in the Balkans. In this paper, our goal is to introduce the aims and methodologies of the new research collaboration at Crvena Stijena that we established in 2016. We first present the site within the context of the Middle Paleolithic of the western Balkans. We then describe the history of research at Crvena Stijena, and summarize the results of the last project, which were recently published1. Finally, we describe the research questions that are guiding our new investigations, and the methods we are applying in order to answer these questions while preserving as much of the site as possible for future generations of archaeologists. Keywords: Middle Paleolithic, Neanderthals, Balkans, fire, stone tools I. Uvod Nova istraživanja se sprovode u kontekstu saradnje Narodnog muzeja Crne Gore i Univerziteta Minesota, uspostavljene 2016. godine. Njihova svrha je ispitivanje sloja srednjeg paleolita na poznatom lokalitetu Crvena Stijena.U ovom radu predstavljamo istoriju istraživanja na Crvenoj stijeni, koja je iskopavana od 1954.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications of Border Cave Skeletal Remains for Later Pleistocene
    CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY Vol. 20, No. 1, March 1979 ? 1979 by The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research 0011-3204/79/2001-0003$01.45 Implications of Border Cave Skeletal Remains for Later Pleistocene Human Evolution' by G. Philip Rightmire EXCAVATIONS AT BORDER CAVE, situated on the boundary the Cape. The broad frontal, projecting glabella, and rugged between Swaziland and Zululand (South Africa), have yielded superciliary eminences also invited comparison with Florisbad, extensive evidence of prior human occupation. Sediment analy- which was said to show similar if more massive supraorbital ses undertaken by Butzer, Beauimont, and Vogel (1978) development. Later reports (Wells 1969, 1972) have continued suggest that the cave was first inhabited sometime prior to to emphasize similarities between Border Cave and Springbok the Last Interglacial, while the main period of use spans four Flats or even Rhodesian man (Brothwell 1963), while ties with protracted periods of accelerated frost-weathering, all of which living South African populations have been regarded as remote. are older than 35,000 B.P. Quantities of stone artifacts have Application of Mahalanobis's generalized distance (D2) to a been recovered, along with human bones and a moderate small set of cranial measurements has most recently led de sample of faunal material (Klein 1977). The human remains Villiers (1973) to claim that neither Border Cave nor Springbok include a partial adult cranium, the first fragments of which Flats can be related closely to modern Negroes or Bushmen, were found by W. E. Horton in 1940. Horton removed some of though a role of more generalized "protonegriform" ancestor the cave deposit while digging for guano, and more of the is considered.
    [Show full text]
  • Les Matières Colorantes Au Début Du Paléolithique Supérieur : Sources, Transformations Et Fonctions Hélène Salomon
    Les matières colorantes au début du Paléolithique supérieur : sources, transformations et fonctions Hélène Salomon To cite this version: Hélène Salomon. Les matières colorantes au début du Paléolithique supérieur : sources, transforma- tions et fonctions. Archéologie et Préhistoire. Université Bordeaux 1, 2009. Français. tel-02430482 HAL Id: tel-02430482 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02430482 Submitted on 7 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N◦ d’ordre : 3971 THÈSE présentée à L’UNIVERSITÉ BORDEAUX 1 ÉCOLE DOCTORALE :SCIENCES ET ENVIRONNEMENTS par Hélène SALOMON POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR Spécialité : Préhistoire LES MATIÈRES COLORANTES AU DÉBUT DU PALÉOLITHIQUE SUPÉRIEUR S OURCES, TRANSFORMATIONS ET FONCTIONS Soutenue publiquement le 22 décembre 2009 Après avis de : M. Pierre Bodu Chargé de Recherche CNRS ArcScAn-Nanterre Rapporteur M. Marcel Otte Professeur de préhistoire Université de Liège Rapporteur Devant la commission d’examen formée de : M. Pierre Bodu Chargé de Recherche, CNRS ArcScAn-Nanterre Rapporteur M. Francesco d’Errico Directeur de Recherche CNRS PACEA, Université Bordeaux 1 Examinateur M. Jean-Michel Geneste Conservateur du Patrimoine, Directeur du CNP Périgueux et PACEA Universiré Bordeaux 1 Directeur de thèse M.
    [Show full text]