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Sonja Biserko, Deyan Kiuranov, Ismail Tasholli, Robert Wilton, Fred Abrahams

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Sonja Biserko, Deyan Kiuranov, Ismail Tasholli, Robert Wilton, Fred Abrahams H OST – ΓΕΦΥ M ΡA “ ” – – A R M O U – C T T O Ъ T T – C P O O M D U – L Ü – R M P O Ö K C T – THEthe magazine of BRIDGEAcademia Balkanica Europeana January 2020 (Number 5) Dossier: Human Rights in the Balkans Sonja Biserko, Deyan Kiuranov, Ismail Tasholli, Robert Wilton, Fred Abrahams EKPHRASIS: A WAY TO “EVERYTHING I TOUCH SPLIT SOCIETIES, CONNECT US WITH THE OTHER TURNS INTO WORDS” ILLIBERAL SALVATION By Gonca Özmen By Elizabeta Sheleva By Péter Krasztev ContentsEditorial Supported by a grant from the Foundation Open Society Institute in cooperation with the OSIFE of the Open Society Foundations CONTENTS Editorial I, YOU AND MAN By Ismail Tasholli 16 EARTH 3 Forum IGNORANCE KILLS EKPHRASIS: A WAY TO CONNECT US WITH By Robert Wilton 18 THE OTHER By Gonca Özmen 4 Interview, exclusively for “The Bridge”: FRED ABRAHAMS: THE COLLAPSE OF I AM ROMA AND I FEEL PRIVILEGED COMMUNISM AND THE TRAGEDY BECAUSE I HAVE WHITE SKIN 20 OF ETHNO-WARS By Georgiana Lincan 6 Visible Soul 8 Loc-alia IS THERE LITERATURE NOBEL PRIZE AFTER HANDKE? Ars Poetica By Amila Kahrović Posavljak 22 “EVERYTHING I TOUCH TURNS 10 INTO WORDS” BALKANOFILMOPHILIA 24 By Elizabeta Sheleva Dossier HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE BALKANS The Gaze of the Other HUMAN RIGHTS IN SERBIA: SPLIT SOCIETIES, ILLIBERAL SUBORDINATED TO GEOSTRATEGIC 12 SALVATION 25 DELIBERATIONS By Péter Krasztev By Sonja Biserko Our Essay BG TO EU, AND HUMAN RIGHTS: NEGATIVE ATTITUDES, NO ACTS 14 THE UNEATEN PAGES 27 By Deyan Kiuranov By Ardian-Christian Kyçyku 2 Editorial EARTH n November 26, an earthquake struck because of the latter sense of love for home or and knowledge. Otherwise we would also be Albania which was so powerful that people land. In the Balkans, such calamities are too harming ourselves.” felt its tremors in Bosnia and Bulgaria. recent: wars, ethnic cleansing, torture, the OAlbania was the epicentre and the damage was very massacre of defenseless civilians, concentration A natural disaster brought us together. Could that severe. 51 dead. Entire families, including all their camps, mass graves ... mean the hostility and hatred between the peoples of children, killed; or nearly entirely, as in the case of the Balkans has dissipated? Will we cause any more the firefighter who, in the midst of the desperate To cope with the impact of the natural disaster, catastrophes? Primo Levi writes: “Many individuals rescue operation, found all seven members of his Albania has received much support, not only and many nations can find themselves believing, family, dead among the wreckage. Hundreds were from the wealthy West, but also from many more or less consciously, that ‘every stranger is injured, and about twenty thousand people lost an enemy’. For the most part this conviction lies their homes ... (You can find more about this event buried in the mind like some latent infection; it is in the Visible Soul section). “We come together in betrays itself only in random, disconnected acts, and is not the basis of a system of thought. When Earth, as man’s habitat, his home, is part of the a disaster, regardless of this happens, when the unspoken dogma becomes human condition, argued Hannah Arendt. And, nationality and borders, the main premise in a syllogism, then, at the end of from the earliest human representations, the the chain, stands the Lager. Here is the product of earth has been symbolically identified with the and we do this to help the a conception of the world carried rigorously to its mother. Therefore, among natural disasters the vulnerable. Otherwise we logical conclusion; so long as the conception subsists, earthquakes, the earth tremors, the threat of death would also be harming the conclusion remains to threaten us.” And yet, the arising from the depths of the earth, has the deepest tribal, ethnic worldview, the dogma, the ideology psychological impact on survivors. An earthquake ourselves.” still survives. Currently, there are gusts of wind from transforms your home, in the literal sense, from a the East that may fan this “latent infection”. The place of sanctuary par excellence to the opposite, a West, the European Union, is genuinely committed trap, your grave. Balkan countries. Equipment and people have to peace in the Balkans, though presently it has its come from Greece and Turkey, from Romania own challenges at home. George Steiner provides us Home, earth ... In another context, these words and North Macedonia, from Kosovo, Serbia with an apt concluding quote: “We must keep vital can mean the territory of a state, and when they and Montenegro. Experts from different in ourselves a sense of scandal so overwhelming that mean tribal territory, or the expansion of tribal countries, working together in the ruins, with it affects every significant aspect of our position in territory, they can become a source of calamity professionalism and humanity, for the same history and society”. He wrote this in 1971, more even more terrible than the natural disaster purpose. “It’s our job,” said one Serbian expert, than a quarter of a century after the horror to which resulting from the collision of tectonic plates “we come together in a disaster, regardless of he refers. deep beneath the earth, and such calamities, nationality and borders, and we do this to help unlike the earthquake, are man-made, precisely the vulnerable, as well as to gain experience Translated by Alexandra Channer 3 EditorialForum Gonca Özmen was born in Burdur, Turkey, in 1982. She studied English Language and Literature at Istanbul University, receiving an MA in 2008 and a PhD in 2016. Her first poem was published in 1997 and in 1999 she received the Ali Rıza Ertan Poetry Prize. Her first collectionKuytumda (In My Nook, 2000) won the Orhon Murat Arıburnu Poetry Prize and in 2003 she received Istanbul University’s Berna Moran Poetry Prize. Her second collection Belki Sessiz (Maybe Silent) appeared in 2008 and published in German, translated by Monika Carbe, in 2017. Second edition of Belki Sessiz in German was published in 2018 with additional translations by Barbara Yurtdaş. A selection of her poems in English, The Sea Within, translated by George Messo, appeared in 2011. She is a member of the advisory board of Bursa Nilüfer International Poetry Festival and the magazine, Turkish Poetry Today, published annually by Red Hand Books, England. She is also a member of the Three Seas Writers’ and Translators’ Council (TSWTC) in Rhodes, Greece. Ekphrasis: A Way to Connect Us with the Other By Gonca Özmen Culture/art can be defined as one of against these codes of representation of the muted female models, who talk The female poets who adopt this the most influential ways to connect dominated and controlled by men. back to the men who painted them. technique try to deconstruct the us with the Other. Culture/art is still In her important study Twentieth- cultural hegemony of phallocentric male-dominated. Art, in particular Century Poetry and the Visual Arts, The poets directly respond to well- ideologies in the field of art by literature and painting, holds the Elizabeth Bergman Loizeaux argues, known paintings by men as cultural returning to the canonical artworks power of representation, and it is “Feminist ekphrasis recognizes that a intertexts and question the absolute of the past, rewriting them in order through representations that we know woman’s place as viewer is established authorities of these canonical works to displace the image of the silenced the world. In ekphrastic poetry, words within, beside, or in the face of a from feminist perspectives. They try women. They regard the phallocentric and images come together as means male-dominated culture, but that the to free themselves and the female art tradition as a force to be resisted of ideology, which is itself a system of patterns of power and value implicit in (body) from the authority of both and demand revisions in the representations. Thus the politics of the a tradition of male artists and viewers these great male masters, and the interpretation and reconceptualization representation of the female, both in can be exposed, used, resisted and patriarchal tradition they represent, of art. What is a central concern visual and verbal western phallocentric rewritten.” Contemporary women by adopting a subversive dialogic in their poetry is the critique of art should be discussed in depth. Its poets indeed criticize the male tradition method. It can, of course, be said that the ideological male dominated political, social and cultural codes and in their re-working of canonical paintings like literature are arbitrary representation of stereotypes of exercise power over the construction paintings by men seek to empower the and indeterminate in their meaning. femininity as well as the deconstruction of femininity. However the patterns of passified and muted female models in The concept of intentional fallacy, of the gendered hierarchy of art. The power and the value of representation paintings. moreover, tells us that it is impossible women poets intervene in the male in art/history are rewritten by women and also undesirable to reconstruct art tradition and insert a feminist poets in order to both expose and perspective with the object of change redefine its gender-specific system of in gender politics in both art and values and criteria of significance and Contemporary women poets have produced their own meanings society. liberate the female body. in their works, challenging and disrupting the ways women are The word ‘ekphrasis’ derives from the Whitney Chadwick observes that: “In represented within mainstream cultural production, the power Greek ‘phrazien’, meaning ‘to tell, to the early 1970s, feminist artists, critics, pronounce, or to declare’.
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