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MN Bee Atlas: Bumble Bees

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MN Bee Atlas: Bumble Bees MN Bee Atlas: Bumble Bees Elaine Evans & Britt Forsberg 1 © 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Bumble bee look-alikes Flies that mimic coloration Characteristics: • Antenna variable • No pollen basket • One pair of wings • Short, blunt mouthparts Photo: Eileen Miller Clearwing Moth Long curled tongue Long straight antennae No waist Photo by TexasEagle Bumble bee look-alikes Large Carpenter Bees (Xylocopa virginica) Characteristics: • Large size, robust body • Yellow hair on thorax • Shiny abdomen • Hairy scopa on hind legs, not pollen basket • Males with yellow markings, not hairs, on face • Nest in hard wood Photo: Jennifer Hopwood Bumble bee look-alikes Andrena Characteristics: • Small size • Hairy scopa on hind legs, not pollen basket Photo: Jennifer Hopwood Females Males • Often larger than males •No stinger •Sting present •“Beard” on mandible • Often smaller than females • Often with white or yellow facial hair • Some species have enlarged eyes Female bumble bee leg Male bumble bee leg (non-parasitic) Photos: Sam Droege Big eyes Long antennae Regular eyes Regular antennae Photos: Sam Droege Identifying bumble bees to species Color patterns can be important, but are not always reliable Images by Elaine Evans / Xerces Society Identifying bumble bees to species Things to look at other than color patterns Start with yellow sections then follow numbers Read descriptions to see if it fits Color patterns can vary in the real world Earliest emergence records in Wisconsin Queens Workers Males April May June July August September Medler and Carney 1963 Bombus impatiens / Common Eastern bumble bee • Nest underground at various depths • Queens come out mid- spring •Medium tongue length •Select food plants: Cirsium (Thistles), Eupatorium, Solidago (Goldenrods) Photo: Gary Zamzow Bombus impatiens / Common Eastern bumble bee • Very common species • Used commercially; expanding in range • IUCN Status: Least Concern Hatfield et al. 2014; Xerces Society Photo: Gary Zamzow Bombus impatiens / Common Eastern bumble bee • Thorax mostly yellow; wing bases Female yellow; usually with black spot centrally •T1 Yellow and all other abdominal segments black Male Illustrations: Evans Bombus bimaculatus (Two-spotted bumble bee) • Nests underground but also on surface, and uses nesting boxes • Queens emerge early in the spring •Tongue length: medium • Select food plants: Cirsium (Thistles), Hypericum (St. John’s Wort), Rosa, Solidago (Goldenrods), Vicia (Vetches) Photo: Patricia Nankey Bombus bimaculatus (Two-spotted bumble bee) • Common species • IUCN Status: Least Concern Hatfield et al. 2014; Xerces Society Photo: Gary Zamzow Bombus bimaculatus (Two-spotted bumble bee) • Thorax mostly yellow; wing bases Female yellow; black spot centrally •T1 Yellow; T2 with two yellow “W”; all other abdominal segments black in Male Illustrations: Evans Bombus griseocollis (Brown-belted bumble bee) • Nest on ground or above the surface, including in outbuildings • Queens come out mid- spring •Tongue length: medium •Select food plants: Asclepias (Milkweeds), Cirsium (Thistles), Helianthus (Sunflowers), Solidago (Goldenrods), Rhus (Sumacs) Photo: Hannah Gaines Bombus griseocollis (Brown-belted bumble bee) • Common species • IUCN Status: Least Concern Hatfield et al. 2014; Xerces Society Photo: Gary Zamzow Bombus griseocollis (Brown-belted bumble bee) • Thorax mostly yellow; wing Female bases yellow; black spot centrally •T1 Yellow •T2 with rusty “swoosh” •All other Male abdominal Illustrations: Evans segments black Bombus citrinus (Lemon cuckoo bumble bee) • Parasite of B. impatiens, bimaculatus, vagans • Range: All of MN • Females: Thorax usually all yellow, T1-T2 usually black, T3 usually yellow, T4-T6 black • Males: T1-T2 yellow, T3 usually yellow, T4-T7 black • Very short malar space • No pollen basket • Similar species: sandersoni, vagans, rufocinctus, perplexus Bombus citrinus (Lemon cuckoo bumble bee) • Common species • IUCN Status: Least Concern Hatfield et al. 2014; Xerces Society Photo: Gary Zamzow Bombus ternarius / Tri-colored bumble bee • Nest underground, sometimes at large depths in sandy soil • Queens come out early spring •Tongue length: short •Select food plants: Asclepias (Milkweeds), Rubus, Solidago (Goldenrods), Vaccinium • Photo: Alan Eaton Bombus ternarius / Tri-colored bumble bee • Common species • IUCN Status: Least Concern Hatfield et al. 2014; Xerces Society Photo: Gary Zamzow Bombus ternarius / Tri-colored bumble bee • Thorax mostly yellow; with Female black “thumb tack” or band •T1 Yellow •T2-T3 Rusty •T4 Yellow •T5 black Male Illustrations: Evans Bombus huntii / Hunt’s bumble bee • Rare in MN, only encountered in far western part of the state Male Map: Hatfield et al. 2014; Xerces Society Illustration: Evans Bombus rufocinctus / Red-belted bumble bee • Nest under or above ground, including in domiciles • Queens come out late in spring Photo: R. Bercha Bombus rufocinctus / Red-belted bumble bee • Common species • IUCN Status: Least Concern Hatfield et al. 2014; Xerces Society Bombus rufocinctus Female • Small bodied; short hairs; short face •Variable color pattern Male Illustrations: Evans Bombus auricomus / Black and gold bumble bee • Queens and workers large •Dark wings •Usually yellow hairs on top of head • T1, T5 black, T2-T4 yellow • Large males with large eyes Illustrations: Evans Photo: Molly Murray • Nests under and above ground, will also nest in urban areas • Known to nest in wooden bumble bee homes • Colonies 30-50 workers • Queens come out in late spring • Long tongue Hatfield et al. 2014 Bombus pensylvanicus /American bumble bee • Queens large, workers medium to large • Wings dark in color • Malar space longer than wide • Ocelli close to suborbital line •Males often with orange on Ab 7 Illustrations: Evans Photo: Jennifer Hopwood • Nest at surface or above ground • Queens emerge late in spring • Colonies 40 -100 workers • Aggressive in defense of nest • Listed as a species of concern in WI 51% decline Hatfield et al. 2014 Difficult pairs: Females auricomus pensylvanicus University of Illinois, Cameron et al Also basitarsus, just below pollen basket, outer tip of segment B. auricomus Short spine at top of basitarsus B. pensylvanicus Long sharp spine at top of basitarsus Bombus terricola / Yellow-banded bumble bee • Medium sized • Wings dark • T1, T4 black, T2-T3 yellow, T5 black with fringe of yellow • Malar space wider than long (round face) • Similar to B. pensylvanicus, but smaller Pocket guide and Wanted posters available Photo: Jodi DeLong • Nest underground, under straw piles • Queens emerge early in spring •Short tongue, will rob nectar •Habitats: Close to or within wooded areas •Listed as a species of concern in WI 50% decline Hatfield et al. 2014 Bombus fervidus /Golden Northern bumble bee • Queens and workers large • Long tongue • Black hairs on head •Long face Illustrations: Evans Photo: MJ Hatfileld, S Droege •Nests on surface, tall grass, sometimes underground • Colonies are large (100- 200) • Aggressive in defending their nests • Habitats: Open farmland and fields • Recent survey shows this bee in rapid decline •IUCN Status: Vulnerable Hatfield et al. 2014, the Xerces Society Bombus borealis /Northern amber bumble bee • Workers medium in size •Long tongue • Face and top of head covered with yellow-white hairs • T1 – T4 amber yellow, 5-6 black • Malar space longer than broad •More common in northern MN Illustrations: Evans Photo: Naomi Smith • Nests underground but uses nesting boxes, and may be fairly flexible • Queens emerge later in the spring • Colonies may reach 100 workers • Habitats: Close to or within wooded areas. 7% decline Hatfield et al. 2014 Difficult pairs: Females fervidus borealis Predominantly black hairs on Predominantly yellow hairs face and top of head on face and top of head Side of thorax mostly yellow Side of thorax with large patch of dark hairs Illustrations: Evans Difficult groups: Males pensylvanicus fervidus borealis Often with orange on Ab 7 Yellow on face and top of head Side of thorax with many black hairs Illustrations: Evans Bombus vagans (Half-black bumble bee) • Habitat: Various; more common in forests • Forages in deep shade • Range: All of MN; more common in north • Nesting: mostly underground, sometimes aboveground • Colony size: 70-110 Photo: Joel Gardner Photo: Joel Gardner Bombus vagans (Half-black bumble bee) • T1-T2 yellow, T3-T6/7 black (males often with yellow hairs on far sides of tergites) • Long malar space (horsey face) • Usually yellow hairs on top of head • Black hairs on thorax usually confined to spot in middle • Male antenna with F1 long, hairless • Similar species: sandersoni, rufocinctus, perplexus, affinis Bombus vagans (Half-black bumble bee) • Common species • IUCN Status: Least Concern Hatfield et al. 2014; Xerces Society Photo: Gary Zamzow Bombus sandersoni (Sanderson’s bumble bee) • Habitat: In or near woods • Range: Northern MN • Nesting: underground Photo: Joel Gardner Photo: Margarita Miklasevskaja, PCYU, with funding from NSERC-CANPOLIN Bombus sandersoni (Sanderson’s bumble bee) • T1-T2 yellow, T3-T6/7 usually black (T5 sometimes yellow) • Moderate malar space • May have all black hairs on top of head • Usually at least a few black hairs by wing bases; sometimes complete black band • Male antenna with F1 short, fringed with hairs • Similar species: vagans, rufocinctus, perplexus, affinis Bombus sandersoni (Sanderson’s bumble bee) • Common species • IUCN Status: Least Concern Hatfield et al. 2014; Xerces Society
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