The Hawk/Goose Story: the Classical Ethological Experiments of Lorenz and Tinbergen, Revisited
Journal of Comparative Psychology © 2011 American Psychological Association 2011, Vol. 125, No. 2, 121–133 0735-7036/11/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0022068 The Hawk/Goose Story: The Classical Ethological Experiments of Lorenz and Tinbergen, Revisited Wolfgang Schleidt Michael D. Shalter University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Independent Practice, Castres, France Humberto Moura-Neto Independent Practice, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil We present a historical account of the story behind the famous hawk/goose experiments of Lorenz and Tinbergen in a wider context of cognitive ethology. We discuss their significance, for ethological experimentation in general, and specifically for understanding innate constraints on cognition. As examples of the continuing significance of the hawk/goose paradigm of selective habituation, we discuss its relation to “exposure therapy” of human phobias and the use of hawk silhouettes as deterrents for songbirds. Finally we rephrase Uexku¨ll’s thesis of taxon-specific worlds (“Umwelten”) as a “Theory of World.” Keywords: selective habituation, hawk/goose experiments, cognitive ethology, theory of world, phobias, predator-prey Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022068.supp Based largely on the involvement of the senior author of this scientists, who were already well set on their individual courses. For paper in his 1961 attempt to replicate the famous 1937 hawk/goose Lorenz and Tinbergen, however, it proved pivotal . The sympo- experiments (Figure 1) of Lorenz and Tinbergen (Lorenz, 1939; sium’s significance was that it provided the occasion for Lorenz and Tinbergen, 1939; Schleidt, 1961a, 1961b, English translation, Tinbergen to meet one another. Each of them had the chance to begin Schleidt, 1974) we present a historical account of the story behind to recognize how well the other’s strength complemented his own.
[Show full text]