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2 the Historical, Political and Social Dynamics of British Migration to South Africa Notes 1 The British in South Africa: Continuity or Change? 1 . We refer to the descendants of the original Dutch/German/Huguenot set- tlers whose first language is ‘Afrikaans’ as ‘Afrikaners’. This group of mixed heritage Europeans were originally known as the ‘Cape Dutch’, of which the ‘Boers’ were a sub-group of mainly farmers (Giliomee, 2003). 2 . In the early 2000s Rhodes, like many other former white universities, con- tinued to have a majority of white students and academic staff, a matter that was increasingly the focus of debate and criticism. Furthermore, the purpose and identity of higher education in South Africa began to be debated in racial terms, with specific controversies and am attendant white ‘backlash’ poli- tics (Makgoba, 25/03/2005; Morrell, 1/04/2005; Statman and Ansell, 2000; Southall and Cobbing, 2009). 3 . We are grateful to The British Academy for funding this project 2 The Historical, Political and Social Dynamics of British Migration to South Africa 1 . In 1919, the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women was founded to continue the encouragement of women’s emigration to the Empire and Dominions. The Society was partly funded by the British state and at times obtained grants from the South African government. It was still operating in the 1960s. The Society encouraged and assisted women with emigration to South Africa, advertised job vacancies and assisted with the recruitment and assessment process of potential employees and migrants. It also owned hos- tels for newly arrived immigrants in Cape Town and Johannesburg (Smith 2013: 181–192). 2 . Although the South African government did institute a national ‘Settlers Day’ holiday from 1952 onwards, to commemorate the arrival of the first 1820 British Settlers (Smith 2013: 210). 3 . The slogan of a 1970s car advertisement in South Africa. 3 Transnational and Translocal Identities: Settling in South Africa 1 . ‘Geordie’ is a regional nickname for a person from the Tyneside in North East England. 2 . ‘Brickie’ is a British nickname for a bricklayer. 3 . The television programme Moira is referring to was an American children’s series called ‘Daktari’ about a fictional Animal Study Centre in East Africa. 189 190 Notes 4 . ‘Ten pound Pom’ was an Australian expression given exclusively to British migrants to Australia between the 1940s and 1970s. During this time, the cost of British migrants’ passage was assisted by the Australian government such that migrants themselves only had to contribute ten pounds sterling (see Hammerton and Thomson 2005). 5 . Place name changed for anonymity. 4 Space and Place in South Africa 1 . This is a pseudonym. 2 . Coronation Street is a long-running and very popular British soap opera of northern working-class life. 5 Landscapes of Belonging: Negotiating Britishness in South Africa 1 . British forces had established internment camps to house residents of the Boer Republics in 1900. This was part of the ‘scorched earth’ tactic of destroy- ing farms, livestock and disrupting supply lines for Boer forces. Conditions in the camps were poor with starvation and disease commonplace. By some estimates over 26,000 Afrikaner women and children died in the camps. The existence of the camps and the tales of the suffering of the internees became a major tenet of Afrikaner nationalism after the Boer War. 6 The Landscapes of Un/belonging in South Africa 1 . Julius Sello Malema is the leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters, a South African political movement, which he founded in July 2013. 7 Narratives of Continuity and Change: British Social and Political Attitudes in South Africa 1 . Uhuru is the Swahili word for freedom. It characterises the African nationalist and Pan-African movements for liberation from colonialism and also various political organisations that advocate Pan-Africanism and African socialism. 2 . Two thirds of Stone’s 1973 sample said they would never take out South African citizenship (215). At that time it was not possible to hold dual nation- ality. In 1984, citizenship laws were tightened, and white immigrant men between the ages of 15 and 25 were obliged to be military conscripts in return for citizenship or face losing their permanent residents status. In the post-apartheid era, dual nationality is possible, but most of those we inter- viewed have not taken the opportunity to be dual citizens. Many continue to view holding a British passport as an important aspect of life in South Africa and a form of ‘insurance’. 3 . Harold Wilson, leader of the Labour Party and United Kingdom Prime Minister 1964–1970 and 1974–1976. 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