LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS TO UPDATE THE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT (FISA) HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME, TERRORISM, AND HOMELAND SECURITY OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION SEPTEMBER 6, 2006 Serial No. 109–136 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://judiciary.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 29–746 PDF WASHINGTON : 2006 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 11:47 Oct 17, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 G:\WORK\CRIME\090606\29746.000 HJUD2 PsN: 29746 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., Wisconsin, Chairman HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois JOHN CONYERS, JR., Michigan HOWARD COBLE, North Carolina HOWARD L. BERMAN, California LAMAR SMITH, Texas RICK BOUCHER, Virginia ELTON GALLEGLY, California JERROLD NADLER, New York BOB GOODLATTE, Virginia ROBERT C. SCOTT, Virginia STEVE CHABOT, Ohio MELVIN L. WATT, North Carolina DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California ZOE LOFGREN, California WILLIAM L. JENKINS, Tennessee SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas CHRIS CANNON, Utah MAXINE WATERS, California SPENCER BACHUS, Alabama MARTIN T. MEEHAN, Massachusetts BOB INGLIS, South Carolina WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts JOHN N. HOSTETTLER, Indiana ROBERT WEXLER, Florida MARK GREEN, Wisconsin ANTHONY D. WEINER, New York RIC KELLER, Florida ADAM B. SCHIFF, California DARRELL ISSA, California LINDA T. SA´ NCHEZ, California JEFF FLAKE, Arizona CHRIS VAN HOLLEN, Maryland MIKE PENCE, Indiana DEBBIE WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Florida J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia STEVE KING, Iowa TOM FEENEY, Florida TRENT FRANKS, Arizona LOUIE GOHMERT, Texas PHILIP G. KIKO, General Counsel-Chief of Staff PERRY H. APELBAUM, Minority Chief Counsel SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME, TERRORISM, AND HOMELAND SECURITY HOWARD COBLE, North Carolina, Chairman DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California ROBERT C. SCOTT, Virginia MARK GREEN, Wisconsin SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas TOM FEENEY, Florida MAXINE WATERS, California STEVE CHABOT, Ohio MARTIN T. MEEHAN, Massachusetts RIC KELLER, Florida WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts JEFF FLAKE, Arizona ANTHONY D. WEINER, New York MIKE PENCE, Indiana J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia LOUIE GOHMERT, Texas MICHAEL VOLKOV, Chief Counsel DAVID BRINK, Counsel CAROLINE LYNCH, Counsel JASON CERVENAK, Full Committee Counsel BOBBY VASSAR, Minority Counsel (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 11:47 Oct 17, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 0486 G:\WORK\CRIME\090606\29746.000 HJUD2 PsN: 29746 C O N T E N T S SEPTEMBER 6, 2006 OPENING STATEMENT Page The Honorable Howard Coble, a Representative in Congress from the State of North Carolina, and Chairman, Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security ............................................................................................... 1 The Honorable Robert C. Scott, a Representative in Congress from the State of Virginia, and Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security ....................................................................................... 2 The Honorable John Conyers, Jr., a Representative in Congress from the State of Michigan, and Ranking Member, Committee on the Judiciary ......... 4 WITNESSES Mr. Steven G. Bradbury, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, U.S. Department of Justice Oral Testimony ..................................................................................................... 8 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 11 Mr. Robert L. Deitz, General Counsel, National Security Agency Oral Testimony ..................................................................................................... 18 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 20 Mr. Robert D. Alt, Fellow, Legal and International Affairs, The John M. Ashbrook Center for Public Affairs, Ashland University Oral Testimony ..................................................................................................... 22 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 25 Mr. Jim Dempsey, Policy Director, Center for Democracy and Technology Oral Testimony ..................................................................................................... 32 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 35 APPENDIX MATERIAL SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARING RECORD Prepared Statement of the Honorable Robert C. Scott, a Representative in Congress from the State of Virginia and Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security ................................................... 91 Prepared Statement of the Honorable John Conyers, Jr., a Representative in Congress from the State of Michigan and Ranking Member, Committee on the Judiciary ................................................................................................... 92 Prepared Statement of the Honorable Sheila Jackson Lee, a Representative in Congress from the State of Texas .................................................................. 93 Prepared Statement of the Honorable Jane Harman, a Representative in Congress from the State of California ................................................................ 94 Letter from the Honorable Sheila Jackson Lee to the Honorable F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr., and the Honorable John Conyers, Jr. ............................... 95 Letter to the Honorable Peter Hoekstra and the Honorable Jane Harman from Caroline Fredrickson, Director of the Washington Legislative Office, and Lisa Graves, Senior Counsel for Legislative Strategy, American Civil Liberities Union (ACLU) ..................................................................................... 96 NewsweekArticle, ‘‘Palace Revolt,’’ dated February 6, 2006 ................................. 102 (III) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 11:47 Oct 17, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 G:\WORK\CRIME\090606\29746.000 HJUD2 PsN: 29746 IV Page H.Res. 819, Requesting the President and directing the Attorney General to submit to the House of Representatives all documents in the possesion of the President and the Attorney General relating to requests made by the National Security Agency and other Federal agencies to telephone service providers requesting access to telephone communications records of persons in the United States and communications originating and termi- nating within the United States without a warrant ......................................... 108 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 11:47 Oct 17, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 G:\WORK\CRIME\090606\29746.000 HJUD2 PsN: 29746 LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS TO UPDATE THE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT (FISA) WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 2006 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME, TERRORISM, AND HOMELAND SECURITY COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, Washington, DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 1:06 p.m., in Room 2141, Rayburn House Office Building, the Honorable Howard Coble (Chairman of the Subcommittee) presiding. Mr. COBLE. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. The hearing on updating the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) will come to order. Next Monday, as you all know, is September 11, and we will mark the fifth anniversary of the heinous attacks that killed al- most 3,000 Americans on U.S. soil. While we remember those lost, we also must not forget those who continue to put their lives on the line here and abroad to prevent subsequent attacks. The enemy we face, in my opinion, is not our law enforcement nor our intelligence community, who are working to thwart the ter- rorists set out to destroy our Nation. The enemy we face further- more is not brave, ethical or humane. The enemy we face, it seems to me, is cowardly, despicable and inhumane. This enemy flies into buildings, straps bombs onto teenagers to kill innocent bystanders, and continues to plan an attempt to kill even more Americans. More recently, you all know about the Great Britain effort to thwart a plan to blow up planes headed for the United States. We face an enemy who does not want land, does not want rights, does not want to negotiate. This enemy wants death and destruc- tion, our death and destruction. The men and women in law en- forcement and the intelligence community need tools that are streamlined and updated to match the technology and efforts of the terrorists. Knowing that this is a threat we must defeat, Congress con- tinues to update the laws. Today the Subcommittee will examine a number of proposals that affect foreign intelligence gathering and the need to improve such surveillance. I believe that the vast majority of people agree that we need to conduct and support surveillance against terrorists. We can’t have done this while protecting civil liberties. We need to have a con- structive debate over how to ensure that our law enforcement and (1) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 11:47 Oct 17, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6601 G:\WORK\CRIME\090606\29746.000 HJUD2 PsN: 29746 2 intelligence community are on equal footing with these killers. As is often said, the terrorists have to be