ANNUAL REPORTS

The Honorary Auditor's Financial Report December 31, 1981 and 1980

We hav~ examined the statements of assets and liabilities of the Siam Society (Under Royal Patronage) as at December 31, 1981 and 1980 and the related statements of revenues and expenses for the years then ended. Our examinations were made in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and, accordingly, included such tests of the accounting records and such other auditing procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. The accounts of the Society are maintained and the accompanying financial statements have been prepared on the cash basis, with adjustments to give effect to unsold publications, dues collected in advance and inclusion of · provision for depreciation. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, on the basis indicated in the preceding paragraph, the assets and liabilities of the Siam Society (Under Royal Patronage) at December 31, 1981 and 1980 and its revenues and expenses for tbe years then ended, applied on a consistent basis.

YUKTA NA THALANG C.P.A. (THAILAND) Registration No. 1

March 9, 1982 THE SIAM SOCIETY STATEMENTS OF ASSJ ns AND LIABILITIES AS AT DECEMBER : 31, 1981 AND 1980

ASSETS LIABILITY AND FUNDS

In Baht In Baht 1981 1980 1981 ·J980 CURRENT LIABILITY CURRENT ASSETS Dues collected in ad vance 49,364.50 41,280.98 Cash on hand and in banks 168,353.40 136,839.92 FUNDS Temporary investments 5,778,985.50 5,220,199.20 Endowment fund : Publications for sale 368,176.70 344,114.84 Thai Government 2,0~0,000.00 2,000,000.00 . Other current asset 48,000.00 48,000.00 Members' contribution 323,395.57 323,395.57 Total Current Assets 6,363,515.60 5, 749,153.96 Life membership fund 915,923.16 797,144.95 Revolving fund 101,675.00 101,675.00 PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT-At Kamthieng Memorial fund 63,519.25 60,914.00 Cost or assigned value Jess Staff welfare fund 44,435.00 44,435.00 accumulated depreciation (Note) Edwin F. Stanton fund 51,062.47 22,608.47 Land 1.00 1.00 Carlsberg Foundation fund 10,205.25 10,205.25 Buildings 3.00 3.00 F.t:iends of Society fund 4,000.00 4,000.00 Furniture, fixtures and office 3,514,215.70 3,364,378.24 equipment . 906,916.56 992,149.94 Accumulated excess of revenues Transportation equipment 4,168.40 6.252.60 over expenditures Total 911,088.96 998,406.54 Balance, beginning of year 3,341,901.28 2,133,063.95 Excess of revenues over expenditures for the year 369,123.08 1,208,837.33 Balance, end of year 3, 711,024.36 3,341,901.28 . Total Funds 7,225,240.06 6,706,279.52

TOTAL ASSETS 7,274.604.56 6,747.560.50 TOTAL LIABILITY AND FUNDS 7,274,604.56 6,747,560.50

See accompanying Note ~ to Financial Statements. (With Mr. Yukta na Thalang'\ i report dated March 9, 1982)

L- THE SIAM SOCIETY STATEMENTS OF REVENUES AND EXPENSES FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1981 AND 1980 In Baht 1981 1980 REVENUES Interest income 893,444.02 1,056,554.23 Members' dues and fees 471,425.36 410,457.94 Sales of publications 243,620.50 387,766.02 Donation from : - John F Kennedy Foundation 100,000.00 - H.R.H. Princess Marayart Diskul 3,000.00 Contribution from members on the 75th Anniversary of the Society 1,278,523.83 Others-net 398,885.00 447,862.53 Total Revenues 2,010,374.88 3,681,164.55 EXPENSES Salaries and bonuses 410,198.00 377,100.00 Travel and transportation 320,749.50 301,653.50 Cost of.publications 282,101.64 657,718.08 Depreciation 138,422.86 101,223.82 Electricity and water 133,650.74 63,608.75 Dues and subscriptions 74,256.32 75,137.83 Stationery and printing 71,020.25 73,730.00 Postage, telephone and telegram 67,300.00 90,172.00 Repairs and maintenance 29,265.50 494,607.40 Provident funds 27,290.00 Representation and entertainment 24,668.50 35,316.50 Medical Expenses 9,590.00 11,359.50 Insurance 7,731.74 7,398.99 Parking lot 67,320.00 Medallions and boxes 45,569.00 Miscellaneous 45,006.75 70,411.85 Total Expenses 1,641,251.80 2,472,327.22 EXCESS OF REVENUES OVER EXPENSES 369,123.08 1,208,837.33

See accompanying Note to Financial Statements. (With Mr. Yukta na Thalang's report dated March 9, 1982) THE SIAM SOCIETY NOTE TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DECEMBER 31, 1981 AND 1980

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

The Society has adopted the practice of recording donated properties at nominal values. Because of the nature of the Society's activities, it has not put emphasis on establishing the current values of these properties. In the past, the Society had obtained a valuation for its land which was quoted at Baht 7.2 million. Furniture, fixtures and office equipment are being depreciated by the declining balance method; whereby the depreciation rate of 10%-20% are being applied on the ·net book value at the beginning of each year, while the transportation equipment is depreciated by the straight-line method of five years. Depreciation expense amounted to Baht 138,422.86 in 1981 and Baht 101,224 in 1980.

188 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting of the Siam Society, Under Royal Patronage I 3 I Soi Asoke, Sukhumvit Road, Bangkok Thursday, 26 March 1981

The Annual General Meeting terminating the Council year 1980/81 was held on Thursday, 26 March 1981 at the Society's Home, and commenced at 8.15 p.m. The meeting was attended by 69 members. The following members of the outgoing Council were present. President H.S.H. Prince Subhadradis Diskul Vice-President & Honorary Treasurer M.R. Patanachai Jayant Vice-President & Leader of the Natural History Section Dr. Tem Smitinand Vice-President Mr. Vivadh na Pombejra Honorary Secretary Mrs. Nongyao Narumit Honorary Editor Mr. Kim Atkinson Mrs. Katherine Buri Mr. Francis W.C. Martin Mr. Henri Pagau-Clarac Dr. Tej Bunnag Mr. Sirichai Narumit Mr. Dacre Raikes Mrs. Sonia Krug 1. The Adoption of the Minutes of the last Annual General Meeting, held on Thursday, 27 March 1980. Since there were no comments, the Minutes were adopted as presented. 2. Presentation of the Annual Report for the Council year 1980. Since there were no questions or comments the Annual Report was adopted as presented. 3. Presentation of the Financial Statement for 1980. M.R. Patanachai Jayant, the Honorary Treasurer, presented the Financial Statement for 1980 with the comment that although the statements of Assets and Liabilities showed an increase of more than one ·million baht from 1979 to 1980, this was misleading in that it reflected the contri­ butions received from the Society's Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Fund Raising, but not the amounts spent on air-conditioning the hall and repairing the Library. In actuality the Society spent more than it received in contributions. With this commentary, the Financial Statement was accepted as presented.

189 190 Annual Reports

4. Election of the Honorary Auditor for 1981. The outgoing Council proposed the re-election of Mr. Yukta na Thalang as Honorary Auditor. Mr. Yukta na Thalang was re-elected Honorary Auditor. 5. Election of Honorary Vice-President. The outgoing Council proposed the election of Mom Kobkaew Abhakara na Ayudhya as Honorary Vice-President, in view of her outstanding work on the Society's behalf. Mom Kobkaew Abhakara na Ayudhya was elected Honorary Vice-President. 6. Election of Honorary Member. The outgoing Council proposed the election of Chao Khun Rajvoramuni as Honorary Member. Chao Khun Rajvoramuni was elected Honorary Member. 7. Election of Council for 1981/81. a. H.S.H. Prince Subhadradis Diskul announced he had tendered his resigna­ tion to the Council as he would be abroad for much of the coming year.

M.R. Patanachai_,... Jayant was elected President. b. Dr. Tem Smitinand and Mr. Vivadh na Pombejra were re-elected Vice- Presidents and Mr. Sirichai Narumit was elected Vice-President. c. Dr. Chitriya Tingsabadh was elected Honorary Secretary replacing Mrs. Nongyao Narumit who had resigned from the Council. d. Mrs. Katherine Buri was elected Honorary Treasurer. e. Dr. Tej Bunnag was elected Honorary Editor. f. Dr. Soonthorn Kaewlai was elected Honorary Librarian replacing Mrs. Chittra Pranich who had resigned from the Council. g. Office of "Leader of the Natural History Section". This position was to be filled ex-officio. Council members seeking re-election and members proposed as members of the Council were introduced. g. The following were re-elected Ordinary Members of Council: Mr. Kim Atkinson Mr. Henri Pagau-Clarac Mr. Christopher J.A. Chubb Dr. Piriya Krairiksh Mr. Eiichi Hamanishi Mr. Dacre F.A. Raikes Mrs. Sonia Krug Mr. Sulak Sivaraksa Mr. Francis W.C. Martin h. The following were elected Ordinary Members of Council: Dr. Somboon Suksamran Dr. Thosaporn Wongratana Mr. Michael Wright Dr. Warren R. Brockelman Mrs. Virginia Di Crocco Mr. William Sage Annual Reports 191

8.. Any other business. a. Mr. Francis W.C. Martin read the Council's recommended changes to Rules 7, 8, 9, 13, and 32 as follows: Rule 7 : Members of the Society shall be of four categories-Ordinary, Hono­ rary, Corresponding and Student. Both ladies and gentlemen shall be eligible for membership of the Society. Rule 8 : Candidates for ordinary and student membership shall be proposed by a member of the Sociely, and shall be put up for election at a Meeting of the Council. Rule 9 : The Annual Subscription for Ordinary members shall be Baht 500, and for Student members Baht 50.00 payable IN ADVANCE on the 1st of January in each year, or in the case of new members upon notification of election. The election shall, however, not be deemed valid until the first year's subscription have been paid. Ordinary Members shall be allowed to apply for life membership of the Society on a single payment of Baht 10,000.- 0rdinary Members of a standing of full twenty-five years shall be deemed to be life members, and ipso facto be exempted from further subscription. The Council shall have power to remit or reduce the Annual Subscrip­ tion for Ordinary Members in special cases. Rule 13: Any Ordinary Member, and student member, resigning after the 1st of January of any year, shall be liable for his subscription for that year. Rule 32: Every Member of the Society shall be entitled to one copy of each number of the Journal and the Bulletin as it appears upon payment of such sum as the Council may fix to cover cost of production from time to time. There was a discussion, during which Dr. Tej Bunnag pointed out that with the continuously rising costs of publications the Siam Society could no longer afford to include the Journals in the fixed membership fee. It was, he explained, the Council's plan to publish only one Journal in 1981, which would be a thicker, more substantion volume than any single volume recently published, with the hope that in 1982 the Society would be able to return to the two-volumes per year. The amendments to the Rules of the Siam Society were then adopted as recommended by the out-going Council. 192 Annual Reports

Mr. Roger Krasker suggested that the Society have more natural history trips organized by Mrs. Katherine Buri to Khao Yai and possibly other national parks. No action was recommended.

* * * * * * After the formal business of the Annual General Meeting a film on the acti­ vities of the Siam Society, The 75th Year of the Siam Society, was presented, narrated by Mrs. Nisa Sheanakul and Mr. Henri Pagau-Ciarac. The President adjourned the Meeting at 10.45 p.m. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE 1981/82

The Siam Society continued to expand its activities during the year. In addi­ tion to the Society's own programmes of regular lectures, film shows and other events, the Hall and grounds were widely used by members and the public. The Administrative Secretary and other staff have been most willing to ensure that the Society's activities were carried out smoothly. The Society is operating under increasing financial pressure. Various economy measures have been introduced together with attempts to increase the Society's income. Rising electricity and water charges are the two major items that affect administrative costs of the Society. It is not yet clear how much the new scale of membership fees will contribute to income. The Society is always faced with problems of storage space. Some of its unsold publications and books temporarily stored in various places could be donated to lib­ raries, sold or even thrown away.

Membership. The total number of members of the Siam Society, as appearing on the list at the end of December 1981, was 1160. Of this, 374 were Life Members, 768 Ordinary Members and 18 were Student Members. The new membership structure and fees became effective as of I January 1982.

Staff. 1. Miss Songsri Boon-long was employed on a 3 month trial basis as Assistant Administrative Secretary on I June 1981. She resigned at the end of the trial period on 31 August 1981. 2. Mrs. Sunee Grima, Librarian, resigned in October 1981 after a year with the Society to go back to the United States. She was replaced by Mrs. Yuwadee Pitak. 3. Mr. Suraphol Kayan, office boy, was given leave for 18 days to be ordained as a monk. The Society has 13 staff members.

House and Ground Improvement. 1. A typewriter was purchased for the Business office. 2. Ten tables were purchased for the Hall. 3. The Administrative Committee was anxious to find a way to improve the acoustics in the Hall. Financial constraint was the principal limiting factor.

l93 194 Annual Reports

Donations. Mrs. Katherine Buri, Honorary Treasurer, kindly donated a pump to the Society to help to drain flood water from the compound. Mrs. Buri also kindly donated a lens for use with a 16 mm. movie projector. The Fuji Photo Co. Ltd. kindly donated one Fujica single lens reflex camera and one Fujica Auto Strobo AZ which prove excellent for Programme and Travel work of the Society. Mrs. Sonia Krug, Council member also kindly donated a calculating machine to the office.

Hall and Grounds. The Hall has been used for the Society's varied programmes, performances, film and video shows, etc. The Society now serves punch, snacks and coffee during the interval-a service which seems to have been warmly received by those who join in the Society's activities. The Siam Studio Co. Ltd. rented the hall to make advertising films in June 1981. The Hall and grounds were also rented for cocktail, dinner and wedding parties. With increased electricity and water charges, the rent hardly covered expenses. The rental charges may have to be revised in view of increased costs.

Film Project. A number of old films were given to the Siam Society some years ago by H.M. Queen Rambhai Barni. Some of these films have been examined, cleaned and restored with expert help. There is, however, still considerable work to be done.

COMMITTEE MEMBERS: Dr. Chitriya Tingsabadh Chairman Mr. Vivadh na Pombejra Vice Chairman Mr. Francis W.C. Martin Mrs. Katherine Buri Ms. Nongyao Narumit Dr. Soonthorn Kaewlai Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARY COMMITTEE 1981/82

LIBRARY ACQUISITION. The Library had 213 titles added to the collection. Out of these 122 titles were in Thai. For gift and donation, there were 59 titles in Thai and 203 in foreign languages; with emphasis on arts and Buddhism. Donors were both individuals and institutions.

LIBRARY SERVICES. 1. Cataloguing and classification. 1.1 The library has attempted to catalogue books in Mon and Burmese through the help of a volunteer expert in Mon. 1.2 For better bibliographic control, the reclassification and relocation of back issues and bound volumes of journals has begun. 1.3 A list of 35 old and rare maps with details about size and location has been completed. 2. Microfilm project. The microfilming of The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. 1-57 is now complete, both for library use and for sale. Due to the condition of the paper, the result of the microfilming of Bangkok Times has been unfortunately unsatisfactory. 3. Inter-library loan. Other than university libraries, the library has started an official inter-library loan service with the National Library. 4. Circulation service. The library has ·a number of overdue books. The library hopes that members who have overdue books wtll kindly return them to the library. 5. Exchange. 54 institutions cooperated in our exchange programme~

PERSONNEL. Two student assistants were employed in 1981.

COMMITTEE MEMBERS: Dr. Soonthorn Kaewlai Chairman Mrs. Bonnie Davis Mrs. Virginia M. Di Crocco Dr. Tej Bunnag Advisor Mrs. Yuwadee Pitak Secretary

195 ANNUAL REPORt OF NA ttJRAL HISTORY SECTION 1981/82

During the fiscal year the Natural History Section has undertaken the following activities : 1. EXCURSION : Four excursions have been organised for members of the Society and their friends. An excursion to Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary in Loei was attractive and received great interest from participants, so three consecutives trips have been made to this particular area of nnique natural beauty, i.e. 22-25 October, 17-21 December 1981 and 5-9 February 1982. A one-day excursion to visit the shell museum, naval museum and the aquarium in Samut Prakan on 6 June 1981led by Dr. Thosaporn Wongratana was received with satisfaction. 2. PUBLICATION: A sum of Baht 60,000 has been approved by the Council for the publication of the Natural History Bulletin, Volume 29. Owing to the scarcity of articles, the publication has had to be postponed; the volume is expected to be published during the fiscal year 1982-1983. 3. COMMITTEE MEETING: An open meeting was held on lOth February 1982 to discuss plans and activities of the Section. Plans for a supplementary bicenten­ nial volume of the Natural History Bulletin entitled "Conservation in Thailand" were considered. Dr. Tern Smitinand was re-elected as the Leader for 1982-1983.

COMMITTEE MEMBERS: Dr. Tem Smitinand Leader of the Section and Editor, NHB Dr. Warren R. Brockelman Co-Editor, NHB Mrs. Katherine Buri Financial Advisor Mr. Buayporn Kerdchouay Programme Advisor Dr. Rachit Buri Programme Advisor Dr. Thosaporn Wongratana Programme Advisor

196 ANNtJAL REPORT OF THE PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE 1981/82

Owing to the tightness of the Society's financial, situation only one book was published: a new edition of Yao Design by Jacqueline Butler Diaz. This is very welcome as the book had long been out of print. Mrs. Sonia Krug kindly acted as editor and the Council is most grateful to the author for a loan to help cover the cost of production. Future publications include "The Kamthieng House" by Mrs. Sonia Krug, "A History of Mon" "Dvaravati Art" by Dr. Piriya Krairiksh and "Thai Bank Notes" by Charles Stewart. Journal of the Siam Society: Due to various difficulties, JSS 1981, inclusive of two parts, appeared in March 1982.

COMMITTEE MEMBERS: Mr. F.W.C. Martin Chairman Mr. Kim Atkinson Dr. Tej Bunnag Mr. Sulak Sivaraksa Mrs. Sonia Krug

197 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE KAMTHIENG HOUSE COMMITTEE 1981/82

Miss Amaraphorn Lelakultanit, B. Archeology (Silpakorn University) was selected and employed as curator of the Kamthieng House from February 1981. She spent the first two months re-arranging exhibit items in the main house and the hill-tribe museum, resulting in much better conditions for visitors. Besides serving as regular guide to the House, Miss Amaraphorn went up to Chiang Mai in March 1981 to consult with Khun Kraisri Nimmanhemindra, the donor of the house, and to collect additional artifacts for exhibition. Miss Songsri Boon-Long, Assistant Administrative Secretary, also went to Chieng Mai on a similar mission in August 1981. During 1981, the Kamthieng House was visited by individuals and numerous groups, including H.R.H. Prince Naruhito of Japan and Members of the American Travel Writers Association. A wedding party and several other parties were. arranged at the House and in its compound. The total revenue earned from the Kamthieng House for 1981 was 9,035 baht. In addition, a donation of 66,254 baht from the East-West Seminar Foundation of Japan was gratefully received and utilized for the curator's salary. As the former guidebook for the Kamthieng House ran out of print, Mrs. Sonia Krug has kindly compiled a new guidebook which is going to be more up to date and more detailed. The draft of the book has been completed and the book will be published shortly.

COMMITTEE MEMBERS: Mr. Sirichai Narumit Chairman Mrs. Nisa Sheanakul Members Mrs. Sonia Krug Mrs. Shirley Duboff Mr. William Sage Mr. William M. Riley Mr. Nunt Buranasiri

198 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PROGRAMME AND TRAVEL COMMITTEE 1981/82

Our travels have been fairly frequent and many members and friends went regularly with us. Some trips have had to be repeated. Financially, they helped a great deal to pay other expenses of the Society, which have been constantly increasing. ·We have also contributed some of our earnings to worthwhile causes e.g. to Wats for mural conservation as well as for spiritual welfare of those who seek enlightenment. Apart from our usual lectures in English, we also held seminars in Thai. For smaller audiences we used the Prince Dhani room effectively. All our lectures are taped for the benefit of absent members and those who live abroad, who can borrow these tapes or have them copied at a reasonable cost. Our film and video tape series, have been well attended. Our cultural evenings, too, have gone from strength to strength.

The following were our activities during the year. 18-19 April Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay, Administrative Secretary, led an excursion to SARABURI, SINGBURI AND ANGTHONG with Nang Yai performance and dinner party. 21 April Prof. Saneh Chamarik, Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat University, lectured on PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE THAI POLITICAL SETTING. 23 April Mr. Tirayuth Yuangsri, Dramatics Arts College, Chiang Mai, introduced THE DANCE AND MUSIC OF THE AKHA. 25-26 April Panel discussion on t~u-iu 'l 'lll~riim11LL~1.:1'1111L£Jnmmnn\ 'YI!l 7 May Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay,' Administrative Secretary, led members to observe the PLOUGHING CEREMONY AT PRAMANE GROUND. 12 May Dr. Wipa Kongkananda, Silpakorn University, Nakorn Pathom lectured on PHRA LO, AN IMAGE OF A TRAGIC HERO. 19 May H.S.H. Prince Subhadradis Diskul, former President of the Siam Society, lectured on NEW DISCOVERIES AT WAT KEO, CHAIYA, PRASAT MUANG SINGH, KANCHANABURI, AND A NEW EXCAVATION SITE AT AMPHOE SAM CHUK, SUPANBURI. 200 Annual Reports

23-24 May H.S.H. Prince Subhadradis Diskul, former President of the Siam Society, and Dr. Tem Smitinand, Vice-President of the Siam Society led an excursion to PRASAT MUANG SINGH, U-THONG AND OTHER PLACES IN KANCHANABURI. 26 May Dr. Gerard Diffioth, Associate Professor of Linguistics, Univer­ sity of Chicago, lectured on THE NY AH-KUR PEOPLE (CHAO-BON) :DIRECT DESCENDANTS OF THE DVARA­ VATI POPULATION. 2 June Mrs. Kirsten Ewers Andersen, Associate expert at the Interna­ tional Labour Organisation, lectured on PWO KAREN FOREST PEOPLE IN THAILAND : RELIGION, ECO­ LOGY AND DEVELOPMENT. 21 June H.S.H. Prince Subhadradis Diskul, former President of the Siam Society, led A TOUR OF THE GRAND PALACE AND THE TEMPLE OF THE EMERALD BUDDHA. 2 July The Japanese film THE CASTLE OF SAND, was shown with the cooperation of the Embassy of Japan and of the Japan Foundation, Bangkok. 7 July Rev. Prof. Bruce Matthews, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, lectured on BUDDHISM AND NATIONAL PURPOSE­ THE CASE OF SRI LANKA. 9 July The Japanese film THE TWIN SISTERS OF KYOTO was shown with )he cooperation of the Embassy of Japan and of the Japan Foundation, Bangkok. 15-20 July Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay, Administrative Secretary, led an EXCURSION TO . VISIT HILL TRIBE VILLAGES, TEM­ PLES AND OTHER SITES OF INTEREST IN MAE HONG SON, CHIANG RAI, PHYAO AND LAMPANG. 16 July The Japanese film THREE LETTERS was shown with the cooperation of the Embassy of Japan and of the Japan Founda­ tion. 23 July The Japanese film MELODY IN GREY was shown with the cooperation of the Embassy of Japan and of the Japan Foundation. "' I A ~ 25 July Panel discussion on n1'l'LU\'I!IULLUt'h'ILLt'l!:fl11~GJm'I-Hh111£h1£lfllln11m'llrH, Annual Reports 201

26 July Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay, Administrative Secretary, led an EXCURSION TO VISIT TEMPLES AND MURAL PAIN­ TINGS. AT SELDOM VISITED TEMPLES IN THONBURI AND PHRAPRADAENG .. 30 July The Japanese film HOME FROM THE SEA was shown with the cooperation of the Embassy of Japan and of the Japan Foundation. 31 July- Mr. Henri Pagau-Clarac,. Member of the Council, led an 3 August EXCURSION TO UDORN TRANI, SAKON NAKHON, KHON KAEN, MAHASARAKHAM AND KALASIN. 6 August The Japanese film THE YELLOW HANDKERCHIEF was shown with the cooperation of the Embassy of Japan and of the Japan Foundation. 8-15 August Dr. Piriya Krairiksh, Member of the Council, led an EXCUR­ SION TO BURMA. 11 August Mr. Sulak Sivaraksa, Member of the Council, lectured on H.R.H. PRINCE BARIPAT OF NAGARASAWAN, (1881-1944) HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THAI NATION. 19 August Dr. Kim Atkins, Cornell University, lectured on PROBLEMS IN CULTURAL PRESERVATION: LANNA LANGUAGE AND SCRIPTS. 20 August Prof. Y. Ishii, Southeast Asia Research Center, Kyoto University, lectured on DON DAENG VILLAGE IN KHON KAEN PROVINCE AFTER 15 YEARS OF DEVELOPMENT. 22-23 August Mr. John Blofeld, Member of the Society and well-known author of many books on Chinese and Tibetan Buddhism, led an excursion to CHINESE TEMPLES IN CHONBURI. 25 August Dr. John Grima, Lecturer of Faculty of Liberal Arts, Tham­ masat University, lectured on THE HISTORY OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN. .VIETNAMESE FINALS. 1 September Dr. Withaya Sucharitthanarugse, Asst. Prof., Faculty of Political Science, Director of the Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalong­ korn University, lectured on THE IDEA OF POWER IN THAI SOCIETY. 3 September Dr. K. V. Raman, Department of Ancient History and Archaeo­ logy, University of Madras, India, lectured on ARCHAEOLOGY IN SOUTU INDIA-RECENT DISCOVERIES. 202 Annual Reports

8 September Mrs. J. Butler-Diaz, author of the book entitled YAO DESIGN OF NORTHERN THAILAND, lectured on DESIGNS OF THE YAO. 13 September Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay Administrative Secretary, led members for A SUNDAY WALK IN ORCHARDS AND A VISIT TO TEMPLES IN THONBURI. 15 September The Korean films DISCOVERING THE ART OF KOREA and KOREAN ARCHITECTURE were shown. 17 September The Thai film YELLOW SKY was shown. 22 September The Thai film LOED SUPAN was shown. 24 September MUSIC AND DANCE FROM MAHASARAKAM was performed, with cooperation of Mahasarakam Teachers Training College. 1 October The Thai film LUANG T A was shown. 13 Oc_tober Dr. Uthai Dulyakasem, Faculty of Education, Silpakorn Uni­ versity, Nakorn Pathom, lectured on MODERNIZATION AND ETHNIC NATIONALISM : THE CASE OF MUS­ LIM MALAYS OF SOUTHERN THAILAND. 20 October The Thai film THONG PAN was shown. 22 October The Thai film MOUNTAIN PEOPLE was shown. 22-25 October Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay, Administrative Secretary, led an EXCURSION TO CHIANG MAl. 29 October The Thai film NEGRITO was shown. 1 November Mrs. Yi-Ming Chang, member of the Siam Society, lectured on the CHINESE OPERA. 6-9 November Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay, Administrative Secretary, led an EXCURSION TO SAMUI ISLAND AND OTHER IS­ LANDS IN THE GULF OF SIAM. 19 November Dr. T. Pathy, Department of Ancient Indian Culture, Marath­ wada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, lectured on THE ART AND CULTURE OF BUDDHIST CAVES AT AJANTA. 21 November Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay, Administrative Secretary, led members to VISIT THE HOME OF ACHILLE CLARAC, former French Ambassador to Thailand and AN EXCURSION TO TEMPLES ON THE CHAO PHYA RIVER. 24 November Dr. Chiri Vichit-Vadakan, Faculty of Public Administration, NIDA, lectured on RETHINKING THE PROBLEM OF THE ·CHINESE IN THA.I SOCIETY, Annual Reports 2o3

27-30 November H.S.H. Prince Subhadradis Diskul, former Preside~t of the Siam Society, led an EXCURSION TO PHITSANULOK, KAM­ PHAENGPHET, SUKHOTHAI AND SI SATCHANALAI. 6 December Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay, Administrative Secretary, led an EXCURSION TO SEE TEMPLES, PAINTINGS IN THON­ BURl AND NONTHABURI BY RICE BARGE. 8 December Dr. Jacques Lemoine, Centre National de la Recherche Scien­ tifique Fran«;:ais, lectured on YAO TAOIST PAINTINGS. 9-14 December Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay, Administrative Secretary, led an EXCURSION TO VISIT HILL TRIBE VILLAGES AND OTHER SITES OF INTEREST IN CHIANG RAI, CHIANG SAEN, PHYAO AND LAMPANG. 15 December Dr. Kwandee Rakpongse, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University, lectured on WESTERN INFLUENCE IN THAI LITERATURE. 22 December Two videos were shown: Wild Life: VAMPIRE and The Spirit of Asia part 1: WORLD OF SHADOW. 29 December Two videos were shown: Wild Life : THAI MONKEY and The Spirit of Asia part 2 : BALI. 5 January Mr. Sulak Sivaraksa, Member of the Council, lectured on LEADING PERSONALITIES IN THE EARLY BANGKOK PERIOD. 12 January Two videos were shown: Wild Life: ROCK FOR ALL SEASON and The Spirit of Asia part 3 : JAVA. 19 January Two videos were shown: Wild Life : CROCODILE and The Spirit of Asia part 4 : RAMAY ANA. 20 January Mr. Takamichi Tohyama, a professional Noh player and a follo­ wer of the Hosho school, gave an introduction and demonstra­ tion of JAPANESE NOH THEATRE. 26 January Two videos were shown: Wild Life: CATS and The.Spirit.of Asia part 5 : CAMBODIA. 27 January MUSIC AND DANCE FROM LOBI PROVINCE was per­ formed, with the cooperation of Loei Teachers Training College. 30 January Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay, Administrative Secretary, led an EXCURSION TO VISIT TEMPLES, MURAL PAINTINGS AND OTHER SITES OF INTEREST IN SARABURI. 204 Annual Reports

2 February Two videos were shown: Wild Life : SHOW DOGS and The Spirit of Asia part 6: BURMA. 9 February Dr. Robert Bobilin, former Chairman, Department of Religions, University of Hawaii, HonolUlu, gave a talk on MALTHU­ SIANS, MARXISTS, MISSIONARIES AND THE MID­ DLE PATH. 12-15 February Mr. William Klausner, former member of the Council and Advisor to the Ford Foundation, Bangkok, led members to Ubol Ratchathani and TOD PHA PA. SAMAKKI AT WAT PA NANACHAT. 23 February Two videos were shown : ANIMAL OLYMPICS and the last programme from The Spirit of Asia series: THAILAND. 25 February The film THE OPIUM WARLORDS was shown. 26-28 February Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay, Administrative Secretary,. led an EXCURSION TO PHI PHI DON ISLAND, PHI PHI LE ISLAND AND OTHER ISLANDS IN THE ANDAMAN SEA. 2 March Two videos were shown: MYSTERY OF THE GREEN MOUNTAIN and MUSIC AFTER MAO. S-7 March Mr. Buayporn Kerdchouay, Administrative Secretary, led an EXCURSION TO PHI PHI DON ISLAND, PHI PHI LB ISLAND AND OTHER ISLANDS IN THE ANDAMAN SEA. 9 March Two videos were shown : MUNDI ABORIGINES and BUD­ DHA CAME TO SUSSEX. 16 March Two videos were shown: PORCELAIN and AS THE JAPA­ NESE LIKE IT. 20-2i March Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay, Administrative Secretary, led an EXCURSION TO AMPHAWA, PHOTHARAM, RATCHA­ BURI AND PHRACHUAP KHIRI KHAN. 23 March Two videos were shown: LAST PLACE ON EARTH No. 1 and No.2. 25 March The Annual General Meeting was held followed by a lecture and slide show on BARB-HEADED DOCTORS by Dr. Prawes Wasi, Deputy Rector of Mahidol University, 1981 Ramon Magsaysay Award for. Public Service. Annual Reports 205

NOTE: Lectures 22 Excursions 20 Films 14 Video 11 Performances 4 Panel discussions 2 Total 73

The Programme & Travel Committee works closely with the Natural History Section as well as with the Arts & Culture Committee. Besides, a tlUx:nber of members and friends helped to make all the events possible. COMMITTEE MEMBERS: Mr. Sulak Sivaraksa Chairman Mr. Henri ~agau-Clarac Co-Chairman Mr. Sirichai Narumit Member Mr. Dacre Raikes Member Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay Secretary ANNUAL REPORT OF THE AR't AND CULTtlRE COMMITTE£ 1981/82

The Art and Culture Committee met four times during 1981 and either alloca­ ted funds, or assisted in the acquisition of funds, to support the following projects:-

MAK REUK KHON. The second performance was given on the Society's lawn on 29th January by a group consisting of about 60 dancers and musicians from the combined campuses of Srinakharinwirot University at Bangkhen and Prasarnmit. An audience o~ 180 Society members and friends witnessed and much enjoyed this demonstration of human chess which is hard to see elsewhere these days.

AKHA (EGOR) DANCE AND MUSIC. A programme was presented at the Society by Acharn Tirayudh Yuangsri of the Dramatic Arts College, Chiang Mai, on 25th April. Additional performances were also given at the Bangkok Bank's Art Center at Phanfa as well as on TV Channel 7. Some of the traditional dance movements performed by the girls in time to their own singing were demonstrated as well as some of the dances in which boys and girls perform in alternate teams. The exclusively male reed organ (ladjei) was played as was the flute (cheu lu) and the jews harp (cha eu) by means of which messages, particularly love-messages, can be passed when courting.

NORTHEASTERN DANCE AND MUSIC. This was presented on 24th September when the students ofKanasawat College, Mahasarakam, gave a most vivacious performance for Society members. The program­ me opened with a Baisri Dance after which the traditional sacred threads were tied around the wrists of some guests present, this was followed by Khun Larn, the harves­ ting dance. The shallow water fishing dance, Serng Sawing was next and this in turn was followed by the less wellknown mat weaving dance from Ban Pheng, Amphoe Kosumphisai. Other dances, which were interspersed with northeastern songs and solo items on the kaen and pong lang, included a brisk Fon Tien, the candle dance, the Fon Phu Thai and a boisterous Kiong Yao Dance to round off an enjoyable night.

TAECHIEW OPERA A somewhat marathonic course consisting of a lecture on "Taechiew Opera in Thailand" by Mrs. Yi-Ming Chang, a Chinese dinner in Jawarad Road and a performance of the Lo Tung story (a romance set in the Tang period) at the Sin Fa Theatre was undertaken by 130 Society members on 1st November. Some of the

206 Annual Reports 207

considerable differences betweem ·Peking and Taechiew opera, particularly those pertaining to local custom regarding make-up and dress, were pointed out by Mrs. Yi-Ming before she went on to show slides of the upcoming evening's performance. Notes, on a scene-by-scene basis, had also been prepared beforehand and members were therefore able, more or less, to follow the story as it unfolded on stage. However not too many were left to witness the drop of the curtain at about 10.45 p.m.

JAPANESE NOH THEATRE.

A lecture-demonstration ~as given to an audience in excess of 100 at the Society on 20th January 1982 by Mr. Makamichi Tohyama, a leading exponent of the Hosho school. The evening began with a short lecture given in English by Acharn Saowaluck Suriyawongpaisal of Chulalongkorn University who explained some of the major points to look for in a Noh play and illustrated the more important points with the use of Mr. Tohyama's slides. Mr. Tohyama was then h:mself introduced and Acharn Saowaluck continued to translate his remarks as he gave an initial demonstra­ tion of some of the basic movements used in the Noh. The actor then demonstrated a very celebrated solo part, the Angel's Dance from Hagoromo, and later followed this up with a short part for a samurai by way of contrast. The Society is grateful to Profes­ sor Yoshinobu Kakiuchi, Professor Emeritus of the University of Tokyo, and to Mrs. Kakiuchi who gave much assistance with the preparation of this programme which proved to be of great interest to followers of drama in the Asian region.

NORTHEASTERN DANCE AND MUSIC. The second performance of northeastern dance and music was brought to the Society on 27th January 1982 by the Teachers Training College of Loei. This was combined with a Thai supper to make an enjoyable evening for the 100 members who came to see the show which included the to-be-expected sounds of kaens, pins and pong lang. Much of the music gave signs of heavy infiltration by modern "look toong" beats bul some of the dances were new to Bangkok audiences, one was even new to Loei as it was only choreographed last year on the TTC campus. Of greatest interest, perhaps, was the Ram Chong Pang of the Thai Dam of which ethnic grouping there are only 100 households, in their own village, in Changvad Loei. This dance concerns the exorcism of evil spirits which take possession of various people. The performance begins with the blessing of a tree to which flowers are at­ tached. The "moh phi" (spirit doctor) brandishes a sword in front of this tree aided by a group of girls who perform a ceremonial dance around it. If the magic is effective the illnesses, mental or physical, are cured when the afflicted are made to eat the flowers after the blessing is completed. 208 Annual Reports

Another rather unusual dance was the Serng Nang Kwak which represents a seance in which two widows hold each end of a pole on which a basket has been fixed; this is dressed up to look somewhat human with a shirt, a hat, and maybe even false hair. Answers put to the spirit through the medium are divined from the directions in which the holders of the "kwak" move. Other spirit dances included the Fon Khoon Larn, a harvesting dance to Mae Phosop the rice-goddess, and the Ram Nang Dong in which the motions of rice husking are copied.

SLIDE LECTURES ON INDIAN ARCHEOLOGY. The Society joined with the Ford Foundation (who kindly provided the air­ fares) in sponsoring the vi~s of two Indian professors who came to lecture on some .archeological and historical aspects of the sub-continent. In September Dr. K.V. Raman, Professor and Head of Department of Ancient History and Archeology ofMarathavada University, Madras, lectured on the archeology, temple architecture and sculptural art and iconography of South India to the Society, to the National Museum Volunteers and the Graduate School of Archeology at Silapa­ korn University respectively. He was followed in November by Professor T. Pathy of the Department of Ancient Indian Culture of Aurungabad University who lectured on the Ell ora and Ajanta Caves at the same three locations:

CULTURAL EXCHANGES WITH MALAYSIA. These unfortunately suffered a double blow in November/December when firstly Kesuma, the cultural troupe of Universiti Malaya, cancelled their visit at short notice and, secondly, when the festival committee of Pesta Pinang decided that they would concentrate on Singapore in 1981 and let a proposed Nang Yai ·performance from Thailand await another year. Many preparations had already been made for both visits and it is to be hoped that something can be rescheduled in 1982 or 1983.

THAI CLASSICAL DANCE, FOLK DANCE AND MUSIC IN FRANCE AND ENGLAND. This was presented throughout most of August by 18 dancers and musicians from the Prasarnmit, Patumwan and Palasuksa campuses of Srinakharinwirot Univer­ sity by kind permission of the President, Dr. Nibhon Sasithorn, and heads of depart­ ments. The French part of the visit was largely under the sponsorship of the Comite des Fetes de Montoire who provided a bus to take the group from Paris to give a series of performances at folklore festivals at many small towns and villages but chiefly at Charolles, Macon, Felletin and at Montoire itself. These performances were usually preceeded by parades of the various participating groups, b<;>tb froJD france and abroad, Annual Reports 209 down the village streets in order to raise interest for the night shows. Audiences varied from one or two hundred in small villages up to over three thousand under ~he "big­ top'' at Montoire itself. Shows were given in converted open-air farmyards and public parks as well as in warehouses, gymnasiums, castle ruins and .under canvas. Two performances were also given in churches and one in a hospital for paraphlegics which included dining with, and helping to feed, the inmates. · Sleeping arrangements were usually provided at school dormitories which led to some interesting situations when "lights-out" occurred in the middle of the Thai midnight suppers, one or two near international incidents were avoided by the exercise of good sense. Other nations represented at some of the bigger festivals included Belgium, Spain, Finland, Israel, Greece, Turkey, Yugoslavia and Romania. ·From further afi"eld came Nigeria and Hawaii whilst many French regional groups were also included in many places. Programmes were very varied ranging from the almost undiluted gymnas­ tics of Nigeria through the regional square dances of France and the furiously energetic folk dances of the Balkans. The Thai troupe were considered to be the most classic and it was gratifying to find that the great effort that had been put into preparing adequate programmes in both French and E.nglish so that spectators would have a good idea of what was going on, was appreciated at many venues. Possibly one of the greatest problems encountered was in the provision of fami­ liar food. Kind hosts would not believe that almost anything was acceptable provided there was an adequate provision of plain boiled rice to accompany it. Excellent food was often wasted as it was unknown and no rice was served. The problem was partly solved by the institution of "midnight picnics" consisting of instant dried noodles in the dormitory after the return from giving the late night show, but it sometimes meant a long and empty wait throughout the day for unadventurous eaters. Copious supplies of noodles were indeed packed into every free crevice in the instrument boxes (a precau­ tion learned from previous expeditions) and the group was delighted when the Royal Thai Embassy in Paris managed to get the huge heaps of baggage past the airport cus­ toms without any inspection whatever. It might have been difficult to explain that the whole consignment was for personal consumption and not about to be used to stock up a Thai restaurant in Paris for the next six months. The Ambassador, Khun Owart Suthiwartnarueput, even went one better upon the group's departure and provided a Thai meal at the station in Paris : this was much appreciated. After three weeks touring in central France all left for London to be greeted by Dr. Donald Mitchell, Director of Music Studies at the Britten-Pears School for Advanced Music Studies at Aldeburgh. No time was lost in getting down to rehearsal 210 Annual Reports for the Promenade Concert performance to be given under the auspices of the BBC in the Royal Albert Hall on 22nd August. This was to be used by both sound radio and, later, by television and was to be only the second time that a group from Southeast Asia had been invited to perform in the 87 year history of the "Proms". Many hours of rehearsals in different BBC studios culminated in a commendable performance which included khon excerpts, folk dances and classical musical show­ pieces. The promenaders amongst the audience, which had been somewhat at ease on the hall floor during the preceeding item, a Messiaen organ recital, rose to their feet and remained pressed to the bar of the orchestra pit during the whole of the so' minute Thai programme. Most major music critics, particularly those from "The Times" and "The Daily Telegraph", gave favourable reports two days later. The Ambassador to Britain, Khun Phan Wannamethee, gave an excellent recep­ tion at the Embassy after the performance and it was only with great difficulty that all could be extracted, and despatched to their billets, around I a.m. : two shows were scheduled up on the east coast at Aldeburgh next day and an early start was called for. Before returning to Thailand one additional sound recording was made for the BBC, this is the third programme that has been recorded by Srinakharinwirot University groups in the course of the past four years. In addition to the invaluable FF 20,000 subvention provided by M. Jean­ Francais Proux and his festival committee at Montoire towards airfares, the considera­ ble sum of Baht 270,000 was also donated by banks and business houses (listed else­ where) with Thai/French, and Thai/British connections. To this support must be added that from the Anglo-Thai Society in London, chaired by Sir Arthur de Ia Mare, an ex­ Ambassador to Thailand, and his Honorary Secretary Mr. John Milner, and of course the fees from the BBC itself. These funds ensured that the tour remained viable and it would have been quite impossible to ensure so far, for so long, without adequate financial back-up. The Siam Society, which received prominent billing in the 7,500 French and English language programmes personally printed free-of-charge by Khun Suk Soongsawang of D.K. Bookhouse, is most grateful to all who gave support in both cash, or kind, and hopes that all generous sponsors will not feel that their assistance has been wasted.

LUANG PRADIT PAIROH FOUNDATION. Funds were voted to support the objectives of this musical foundation launched by Khunying Chin Silapabanleng, the celebrated musician's daughter, and a group of supporters in early 1981. Recordings were made of some of the more rare as well as some of the better known compositions by a group of distinguished musicians. They were made both privately and at a special programme commemorating the late Luang Pradit at the National Theatre in August. The Society hopes to receive copies of all the recordings, and of the publications, in due course. Annual Reports 211

TEMPLE MURALS PRESERVATION. In cooperation with the Siamese Architects Association, the Society assi~ted in negotiations to obtain a grant of Baht 200,000 from the Siam Cement Company, to preserve murals dating from the Third Reign in Wat Bangkhanun, Klong Bangkok Noi, Nonthaburi. The Society successfully concluded arrangements with the Fine Arts Department, the provincial government and the Abbot to allow this work to proceed. Surviving murals at Wat Bangyikan, also dating from the Third Reign, will also benefit from a grant to be made by the management of the European Asian Bank as their principal contribution towards the Rattanakosin Bicentennial Celebrations. The Society has obtained permission from the Fine Arts Department for this work to pro­ ceed. It will be placed under the control of Khun Wannipha na Songkla of the F.A.D. who has already completed some most successful preservation projects at Wat Boworn, Wat Suthat and Wat Phrakeo. She was responsible for the work at Wat Kok in Rajburi about 7 years ago.

COMMITTEE MEMBERS. Mr. Dacre Raikes Chairman Mrs. Sonia Krug Mr. Sulak Sivaraksa M.C. Subhadradis Diskul Mrs. Virginia Di Crocco Dr. Piriya Krairiksh Mr. Euayporn Kerdchouay ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Siam Society acknowledges with grateful thanks the contributions received, both in cash and in kind, from th.e following generous and public-spirited sponsors:­ Bangkok: AIR FRANCE ANGLO-THAI (BANGKOK) LTD. BANGKOK BANK LTD. BANK OF A YUDHYA LTD. BOON RAWD BREWERY COMPANY LTD. THE BORNEO COMPANY (THAILAND) LTD. MISS DAPHNE COLWELL & ESCAP TRANSLATION TEAM THE CHARTERED BANK D.K. BOOKHOUSE JARDINE MATHESON & CO., (SOUTH EAST ASIA) LTD. LEVER BROTHERS (THAILAND) LTD. LOUIS T. LEONOWENS LTD. THE ROYAL BANGKOK SPORTS CLUB THE SHELL COMPANY OF THAILAND LTD. SHINAWATRA FASHION HOUSE SOCIETE GENERALE THAI MELON POLYESTER CO., LTD. THAI PURE DRINKS LTD. OVERSEAS CONTAINERS LTD. THAI FARMERS BANK. France: M. ACHILLE CLARAC & M. HENRI PAGAU-CLARAC ASSOCIATION DE CULTURES ET TRADITIONS DU SUD-EST ASIATIQUE, MACON COMITE DES FETES ET LOISIRS DE MONTOIRE-SUR-LOIRE England: ALDEBURGH FESTIVAL-SNAPE MALTINGS FOUNDATION ANGLO-THAI CORPORATION LTD. BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION INCHCAPE AND COMPANY LTD. KILLICK MARTIN & CO., LTD. LOUIS T. LEONOWENS LTD. DR DONALD MITCHELL NATIONAL-WESTMINSTER BANK LTD. PAULING AND COMPANY LTD. STANDARD CHARTERED BANK LTD. VISITING ARTS UNIT

212 Annual Reports 213

The Society is particularly grateful to Air France for their very considerable assistance with both airfares and transportation of instruments and costumes. Mention should also be made of the very substantial contributions received from the Comite des Fetes at Montoire, the Bangkok Bank, London Branch and the Thai Farmers Bank. Without this assistance, and that of all the other contributors mentioned above this tour could not have been undertaken by the dancers and musicians of Srinakharinwirot University in Bangkok. LIST OF PAID-UP MEMBERS, 1982 "'DENOTES LIFE MEMBER

* Mr. Hisashi Abe * Mr. Yoji Aoyagi * Mom Kobkaew Abhakara Na Ayudhya * Mr. Hachiro Arai * Prof. ArthurS. Abramson Mr. Alain Archambault Mr. Klaus M. Ackermann Mr. C. Archaimbault * Mr. A.C.S. Adams Mr. Ray Archer Mr. A. Peter Adcock Mr. H. Gunther Arlt * Mrs. V.T. Adloff Dr. Woraphat Arthayukti Mr. Osamu Akaqi * Mr. Charles D. Arthur Mr. M.V. Akbar Mr. William P. Ashdown Luang Pracherd Aksorlaksana * Mr. Yehuda Assia * Mr. A. Alexander Dr. Phanupong Asvakiat * Mr. P.J. Alexander Mrs. Dorothy C. Asumendi * Mr. Anvar T. Aliakbar Mr. Siva Asva Asvakiat Mrs. Catherine E. Allen Miss Ratana Athirakool Mr. Chalie Amatyakul * Mr. Kim Atkinson * Mr. Pricha Amatyakul * Mr. Bunchana Atthakorn * Mr. Pinglasvasti Amranand * Mr. B. Atthakorn * Mr. Piyasvasti Amranand Mrs. Khy Hlahla Aung * Mr. Vidusvasti Amranand Mrs. Betty M. A very * Dr. E. Ammundsen * Prof. Tsuneo Ayabe Mr. Diethard Ande Mr. Kenneth R. Ayer Ms. Annabel Anderson Mr. Liam Ayudhrij Miss Donna J. Anderson Miss Kathleen Badger * Dr. Douglas D. Anderson Dr. Christopher Baker Mr. Hans G. Andersen * Mr. Michael H. Baker * Mr. Hiroshi Ando * Dr. R. Balakrishna Mrs. Josefine Andorfer * Mr. Daroon Balasiri * H.E. Mr. G. Andre Mr. John M. Ball Miss Nicole Andrews * Mr. Dieter-Maria Balzar Mr. David I. Andrianoff • Miss Banchop Bandhumedha * Miss Mary Anglemyer * Mr. Dharmadasa Banij Miss Boonchua Ankapradit Mr. Dusit Banijbatana * Prof. Edward M. Anthony * Prof. P.V. Bapat Mr. William Aoustin * Dr. G. Bare

214 Annual Reports 215

• Mr. G.R.D. Barker Mrs. Beryl Blacka Mr. J.N.A. Barnes Mrs. Patricia J. Blackburn Mr. D. Barrett Mr. John Blofeld * Mr. Norman Bartlett Mr. David J. Bluford Mr. James R. Basche Mr. Robert Boca "' Mr. Douglas N. Batson * Mr. J.J. Boeles Mr. Erwin Baumann Prof. Dr. Ernest Boesch Mr. Josef Baumgartner Mr. Marc Bogerd Mr. Robert M. Bayliss H.E. Mr. Rudolf Bogner Miss Helene Beaupere * Prof. Jean Boisselier Prof. Dr. Heinz Bechert Mr. Richard N. Bones Miss. Anns Beck Mr. Simon Bonython * Dr. Damrong Bejrablaya * Mr. Thanongsak Boonyarungsrit Mr. Konrad Bekker Mr. William Booth Mr. Geoffrey Bell Mr. Denis Borel Mr. Kittisak Bencharit Miss Christine Borgeaud * Mr. Paul J. Bennett Mr. Richard Borsuk Mr. Richard H. Bennison Mr. Alexander H. Borthwick Mr. Arthur E. Berger Dr. Meredith Borthwick Mrs. Marie M. Berlingieri Mrs. Marcelle Boschan Mr. Mel T. Bernard Mr. Huysmans Boudewijn Mr. Massimo Bernardinelli Mrs. Robert G. Boughey Mrs. F. Bertin Mr. Jean Boulbet Mr. Klaus D. Bettenhausen * Mr. Carroll G. Bowen * Miss Chamrieng Bhavichitra Miss Henrietta A.B. Bouman * Mr. Robert J. Bickner Miss Delores Boyer Mr. JanBierdrager Dr. David Bradley Mr. Maurice Bigoin Dr. William L. Bradley Mr. Fred Bild * Mr. Heinz Braendli Dr. George A. Binnew Dr. Niged J. Brailey Dr. Med. Ernst W. Birmele Mrs. S.L. Bramley Mr. Brian Birley Mr. Leo F. Brandenberg Mr. Kurt Bischof * Mr. Kennon Breazeale Mrs. Mona M. Bittenbender Mr. Hermann Brecheisen Miss lnga Bjorkroth Mr. Thor W. Brehmer * Mr. Otto Bjorling Mr. Rainer Breitfeld • Mr. J. Black Mr. Walter Brenneis 216 Annual Reports

Dr. R. Peter Brenner Mr. John J.S. Burton * Ms. Bonita Brereton Miss Victoria Butler Mrs. Lesleya Brewin Mr. John Cairncross Dr. Colin M. Britton * Mr. C.M. Callaway Dr. Warren Brockelman Mr. Alan Cameron Mr. Jean C. Brodbeck Mrs. Sheilah Campbell * Mr. Jere Broh-Kahn Lt. Col. Donald J. Cann * Dr. John F. Brohm Mr. Gary W. Carlson Miss Emma R. Broisman * Mr. Timothy Carney Mr. Bennet Bronson * Mr. G.D. Carpenter Mr. Daniel J. Brooks * Mrs. Carroll L. Cartwright Mr. Michael D. Brown Miss Kathy Cedilnik Miss Roxanna M. Brown Mr. Suchint Chaimungkalanont Mr. Han ten Brummelhuis Mr. Tana Chaivorapat Mr. Viggo Brun * H.R.H. Prince Chalermbol Yukala Mr. Michel Bruneau Dr. James R. Chamberlain Mrs. Doris Brunner Mr. Varyl M.H. Chamberlain * Mr. Prakit Buabusaya * Miss Chusiri Chamaraman Maj. Gen. Prasert Buabusya Mr. Chalaw Chamoraman Prof. Saroj Buasri * Mr. Abhai Chandavimol Mrs. Janinc Buhrman Mr. Albert T. Chandler . Miss Rachaniwan Bulakul Mr. David P. Chandler • Mrs. L.C. Edna Bulkley * M.C. Sasavin Chandratat Mr. William Bunch Mrs. Wanpen Chandr-Virochana * Mr. Danuj Bunnag Mr. Wiwat Chandrvirot Mr. Marut Bunnag Mr. Y.H. Chang * Dr. Tej Bunnag * Mr. Damrong Changtrakul * Mr. Munt Buranasiri Mrs. Chanpen Charoenchitt Mrs. Vilaileka Buranasiri * Mr. Manop Charoensuk * Mrs. Katherine Buri Miss Moniyue G. Charrier * Mrs. Prapai S. Buri * Prof. S.K. Chatterji * Mrs. Prapar N. Buri Prof. Dr. Kamheang Chaturachinda * Mr. Prasarn B. Buri Mr. Paul Chauzat * Mr. Prasit Buri * Mr. Chamras Chayabongse Dr. Rachit Buri * Miss Seela Chayaniyayodhin Mr. Herbert 0. Burri Mr. Chetta P.C. Cheng * Mr. WilliamS. Burtenshaw Mr. Sumedh Chhim Annual Reports 217

Mr. Chatri Chirarapurk Miss Mary N. Cooke * Mr. C.F. Chicarelli Jr. Mrs. Teresa Cooney Miss Ganigar Chinachote Mr. Edward J. Cooper Jr. Mr. Charoon Chinalai * Mr. J. Corman Dr. Preeda Chitarachinda Mr. R. Coster Dr. Hatai Chitanondh Dr. Conrad P. Cotter Miss Toogbai Chittamongkol Mr. Bruce E. Cox Miss Bancha Chittibhol Mr. Peter Cox Miss Kotchakorn Chivakunakorn Mrs. P.L. Creasy Miss Nancy Chng Mr. Ronald J. Crista! Mrs. Francoise Chomthongdi Mrs. Lois E. Crittenden * Miss U. Chongpipatanasook Miss Margaret Crowley Mr. Bangkok Chowkwanyun Mr. Jean Crozatier * Mr. Chow Chowkwanyun Mr. Richmond Cubis Mrs. Evelyn Chowkwanyun * Mr. J.L. Culbertson Dr. John J. Christian Mr. James R. Cullen Mr. James Christie * Mr. William H. Cummings Mr. Tom Chuawiwat * Dr. Richard D. Cushman Mr. Christopher J.A. Chubb Mr. Lawrence Oaks * M.R. Doangchai Chumbala * Mr. Lance Dane Mr. Pradit Chungkla Mrs. Ans Dankers Mrs. Saisuree Chutikul * Mr. Chitra Dansuputra * Miss Krongthong Chutima Mr. S.J. Davies Mrs. Oon Chutima Mr. James E. Davis Mr. Sanit Chutintaranond Mrs. Jean Davis * Mrs. Nandana Chutiwongs * Mr. Richard B. Davis Mr. C.A. Clarac Mrs. Martine Dean Mr. G.C. Clark Miss Nerina De Angelis Dr. Harry R. Clarke Mr. Jacques de Barrin Mr. Erroll D. Coles Miss Chantal de Boisboissel Miss Lucy Coltman Prof. Dr. Johannes G. de Casparis Mr. T.H. Commins * Mr. A.I. de Courcy Lyons * Prof. Georges Condominas Mrs. Eileen Deeley Mrs. Patchrie Conrad · Mrs. J. De Fels Mr. Consigny * Miss Sukanya Dej-Udom Miss Nerida M. Cook Dr. Jose Eduardo De Mello-Gouveia * Mr. Robert N. Cook Jr. Dr. Eugene Denis, S.J. 218 Annual Reports

• Mr. Ulrich Dennerlein Mr. Gerard Dudeffend Mr. Edward de Renzie Brown Mrs. Anne Coude du Foresto Mr. G. de Rougemont Mr. Peter Duhse Mr. John de Salis Mr. Vincent A. Eagan Mrs. Paulette de SchaUer Mr. John B. Eastman M.R. Anongdevan Devakul Mr. Alfred F. Eberhardt Mrs. Fee de Vallois Mr. Krister Eduargs Mr. David DeVoss Mr. Axel Edelstam • Ir. F.C. de Weger B.I. Mr. Peter Edwards * Miss Chalermsri Dhamabutra Prof. Srbren Egerod * Mr. Phadhadej Dhamcharee Mr. Michael Eiland • H.E. Mr. Sanya Dharmasakti Mrs. Maly Ekaritbutr Mrs. Francine Dhesse • Mrs. Kamala Sukhabanj Eksaengsri * Mr. Edward Dickinson Miss Pitasana Ek-une " Mr. W. Dickinson Mr. Donald C. Elison Mrs. J.V. Di Crocco Dr. Richard Engelhardt Mr. Ludo Dieltjens Mr. Jan B. Eriksson Mr. Dirk J. Dijkstra * The Viscount Errington .Dr. Anthony Diller Dr. Lorette Etienne-Amberg Miss Rebecca Dirks * Dr. Egon A. Ettinger * H.S.H. Princess Ma~ayat Diskul Mr. R.G. Evans H.S.H. Princess Patralada Diskul Mr. William D. Evans * H.S.H. Prince Subhadradis Diskul Mr. John L. Everingham Dr. Edward B. Doberstyn Prof. H.D. Evers Mr. Robert J. Dobias Mr. Fernand Falchier Mr. Michael T. Dockerty Mr. David Feeny * Mr. John Dodds * Prof. David A. Feingold * Reverend Paul S. Dodge · Mr. J.P. Ferguson Mr. Francis H. Dong Mrs. Dorothy H. Fickle Mrs. Velvet Eve Douglas Mrs. Monkia L. Fischer Mr. John B. Downs Dr. Kenneth S. Fischer * Mr. Svend H. Drachmann Mr. Richard Flaspohler ·Mr. C.W. Drewes Prof. Dr. Gerhand Platz

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Mr. Brian L. Foster Mr. I.M. Gibson Mr. Ress Gilles Mr. Stephen R. Fox Mr. Jean Lvu Francois Mr. Rod M. Gillespie * Mr. H.G. Frandsen Mrs. Asa Gim Mrs. Beverly Frankel Mr. Ulf Glattkowski * Mr. Dean Frasche · * Mr. Gunther Glauninger Mr. P.R.N. Fraymouth Mrs. Tatyana Goldenshtein * Mr. James W.D. Fransche Mr. Ilya Goldenshtein Mr. Lars E. Fredberg Mr. Richard Goldrick Mr. Douglas Frewer Mr. S. Gonge Mr. Etienne Friang Mr. R.F. Goninon * Mr. H. Frijlink * Mr. Betty Gosling Prof. Riichiro Fujiwara Prof. L.A. Peter Gosling Mr. N.J. Funston * Mr. D.C. Goss Mr. Louis Gabaude * Dr. JosephS. Gould * M.R. Rosalin Gagananga Mr. Mark Graham Miss A. Jean Gainor Mr. Terry B. Grandstaff * Mr. Bo Khin Maung Gale Mr. Denis D. Gray Mrs. Michele L. Galopin Mrs. Janine J. Gray Mr. Marcel Gambert Mrs. Myrtue Greenwalt * Mr. George F. Gant Mr. Ronald H. Greer Mr. Albert Garaboeuf * Dr. M.E. Griffith Dr. Richard A. Gard * Mr. A.B. Griswold Dr. Damn ern Garden * Dr. Pracha Gunakasem Mr. Derick Garnier Mr. Bo Gustavsson Mrs. Lada R. Gasikorn * Mr. F.G. Groarke Dr. Reto F. Gass * Dr. B.P. Groslier Mr. Benjamin Gassmann Mr. Paul M. Grostad Mr. Marcel F. Gautschi * Mrs. U.L. Guehler Mrs. J. Gaw Mr. Kurt Guenther * Dr. William Gedney Miss Georgia Guldan Dr. David Gee-Clough * Mrs. Malinee Gumperayarnnont Mr. P.F. Geithner Mr. Geoffrey Gunn Mrs. Ruth Gerson Mr. James F. Guyot * Mr. T.W. Gething Mr. Michel Guyot * H.E. Mr. John I. Getz * Dr. Mary R. Haas * Mr. Hugh Gibb Dr. J.A. Hafner 220 Annual Reports

Dr. Klaus Hahlweg * Mr. Richard M. Hollander Mr. Jorgen Hage Mr. David F. Holm Mr~ David L. Hagen * Mr. Jorgen Holm * Mr. Hiromitsu Hakari * Mr. Derek A. Holmes Mr. Jamer W. Hamilton Sir James R. Holt, K.B.E. Mr. Chris Hampton Mr. H.W. Homan Mr. John W. Hancock * H.E. Sunthom Hongladarom * Dr. Lucien M. Hanks Jr. H.E. Sommai Hoontrakool Mrs. Kate A. Hansen Mr. G. Hoppe Mr. Per Svane Hansen Mr. Fritz Hops Dr. Vagn Hansen Mr. T. Hoshino Mr. Heather Hanson Dr. Piet-Hein Houben * Mrs. Barbara Ann Harding Mr. Stephen M. Hourigan Mr. Hugh C. Harries Mr. David W. Howard * Mrs. Adda M. Hartman * Mr. Nid H. Shiranan * Mr. John F. Hartman * Mr. Thomas i. Hudak Mr. Peter Hartog Major Roy Hudson * Mr. J.D. Hastings Prof. F.E. Huffman Mrs. Kyoko Hayashi Mr. Urs Hufschmid Mr. Victor C. Heard Mr. J.W. Huguet Mrs. Elizabeth Heatherington Mrs. Alice M. Hunnicutt Mrs. Gudrun Heckel Mr. Toum Hutasing Mr. Hanspeter Heckendorn * Mr. C.K. Hyland Mr. F.L. Heider Mr. Jorgen Hylleberg Mr. William E. Heinecke * Mr. Shig~ru Iijima Dr. H.W. Heitmann Mr. Christian Immer Miss E.J.A. Henderson * Mr. Marcel Indergand * Mr. Max E. Herman Mr. Chainarong Indharameesup Mr. Knut Herzer Miss Pinna Indorf * Dr. George Heuser Mr. A morn Indrakamhang Mr. Kevin J. Hewison Mr. Boon lndrambarya Dr. Takeo Hibino Mrs. Phasook Indrawooth Mr. A.R. Hickson Mr. Narin Indhewat * Mr. Boonchvey Hiranpruk Mr. Jerry Ingeman Prof. Herman L. Hoeh * Mr. Jasper Ingersoll Mr. Albert R. Hofmann Mr. Apichart Intravisit Mr. D.W. Hogan * Mr. Vadhana Isarabhakdi Annual Reports 221

"' Khunying Tasniya Isarasena Punyagupt Dr. M.L. Ekjai Kambhu * Prof. Y oneo Ishii * M.L. Jidjeua Kambhu * Mrs. Thavee lsrasena Mr. Kurt Kammholz Mr. Shoji Ito * Mr. Charn C. Kanchanagom * Mr. Y. lwaki Mr. Peter K. Kandre * Prof. K. lwatsuki * Mr. Samran Kalayanaroj Mr. J. Kenneth Jackson M.R. Romaniyachat Kaeokiriya Mrs. Marilyn A. Jackson Mr. Sukri Kaocharern Mr. William A. Jackson * Miss Karnitha Karnchanachari Mr. Claude Jacques Prof. Dr. Otto Karow Ms. Samsiah A. Jajid * M.R. Nitivataya Kasemsri * Mr. R. Campbell James * M.R. Saengsome Kasemsri Mr. Gustav A. Jamnig * Prof. H.E. Kauffmann Mr. Joergen Jantzen * Dr. Howard K. Kaufman Mr. Hermann Janzen Mrs. Erika Kaufmann Mr. Jean-Didier Javet Miss Marja L. Kauppinen Mr. Charles Javssi Mr. Peter Kauz * M.R. Patanachai Jayant Dr. Harvey Kayman Miss Pranee Jiramahasuwan Mr. Kunio Kawakami * Mr. Piya Jittalan * Mrs. I. W. Kellogg Dr. Nirund Jivasantikarn Mr. Kim S. Kendall Dr. Wicha Jiwalai Miss Jean Kennedy Mr. Thomas Johnson Miss Sunantha Keotabhand Mr. Thomas Eric Johnson Mr. Joseph F. Kerch * U. Alexis Johnson Miss Mattana Ketkamon Dr. David Johnston * Dr. Ouay Ketusingh * Mr. P.A. Jones * Prof. Charles F. Keyes Mr. Ronald K. Jones * Dr. Thanat Khoman Mr. Anders B. Jorgensen * Mr. Xob Khongkhakul * Miss Ina Jorgensen Mr. Hong Chuan Khoo Mr. E.E. Jornbeck Mr. Lawrence Khor * Mr. Sunthorn Jubandhu Mr. Sokichi Kimura * Dr. Laurence C. Judd Mr. Norman Yan Kin M.C. Sita Jumbala Mr. J.M.E. Kindl * Brig. Gen. M.L. Manich Jumsai * Mr. G. Kingma Dr. Sumet Jumsai "' Dr. Konrad King shill Mr. Z.T. Kajiji "'Mr. J.H. Kinoshita 222 Annual Reports

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* Dr. Roger P. Lewis * Mr. John A.G. MacDermott Mr. T.A. Lewis Mr. Michael B. Magnani Mr. Charles H. Ley Mr. Prateep Mahasuwan * H. E. Monsieur Han Lih-Wu Mr. Jisa Makarasara Mrs. Pongpun Likanasudh M.L. Pin Malakul Mr. Vivithya Likanasudh Miss Pikul Malasiddh Mr. H.H. Lim * Mr. Ariyant Manjikul Dr. P.Y. Manguin Mr. Preedeeporn Limcharoen * Mrs. M. Linck " Mrs. C. Mangskau Mr. William L. Mann * Mr. Herbert Link Mrs. Mette K. Manoharan Mrs. Monika Link Mrs. Alfred L. Marks Mr. Paul Lo Mr. Michel Marliere Mr. Beat R. Lobsiger * Mr. F.H. Marsh Mrs. Catherine M. Loehr Mr. Wichien Loetsuraphibun Mr. John A. Marsteller Mrs. Sujaree Logavit Mr. G.A. Martin Prof. Denys Lombard. * Mr. F.W.C. Martin Mr. Frank Lombard Miss Marie A. Martin * Dr. H.H.E. Loofs Mr. Gordon Mason * Mrs. Reid un Loose Mr. Rasheed A. Maskati Mr. Peter Loverde Mr. Dominique S. Mathevet Mrs. Sylvia Lu Dr. Kathleen Matics Dr. Guy Lubeigt Prof. Osamu Matsuyama Mr. Graham J. Lucas * Mr. Tetsuya Matsumoto Dr. Niegel J. Lucas Mr. G.N. Mauger * Prof. Gordon H. Luce Mr. Robert B. Muale Dr. Harvey F. Ludwing * Mr. Perry Mavro * Mr. R. Lueke * Mr. Wilhelm Mayer * Ambassador Ivar Lunde Mrs. Machiko McAlister Miss Jeranai Lunsucheep Mrs. William T. McCabe Mrs. Pornsri Luphaiboon * Mr. Robert P. McDevitt Mrs. Albert Lyman Mr. Gava McDonell * Miss Elizabeth Lyons Mr. Forrest McGill * Mr. C.S.I. Mabbatt Miss Edna C. McGuire * Mrs. C.S.I. Mabbatt Mr. Robert J. McKeon Mr. C.R. Maberly Mrs. Sarah McLean Mr. Robert R.S. MacDonald Mrs. Miriam McNair-Scott 224 Annual Reports

Mr. Jeffrey A. McNeely * Miss Jean Mulholland Dr. Ruth McVey Mr. N.A. Mundhenk "' Miss Kanitta Meesook *Dr. Wiwat Mungkandi * Khunying Amphorn Meesook * Mr. Eiji Murashima Mrs. Samira Meghaessian Mr. Joseph J. Murrie Mr. Charles B. Mehl * Mrs. Renuka Musikasinthom Miss Ho Chui Mei Mr. Hans Naegeli "' Mr. K. William Melchers Mr. Hiroshi Nagai Mrs. Bruno Mercier Mr. Tsugio Nagai Mr. Christian Meric * Dr. Chetana Nagavajara Mr. Claude Meyer Mr. Otto Nagler Mr. Niti K. Meyer Mr. Prakhan Namthip Mr. Jukka 0. Miettinen "' Prof. Prasert Na Nagara Mrs. Mary A. Milecki Miss Chomsri Nanthavanich Mrs. Gwen S. Millager *Mrs. Wanida Nanthavanij Mr. Terry E. Miller Mr. Dhirawat Na Pombejra Mr. Frank Minnick * Mr. Vivadh Na Pombejra Mrs. Susan M. Mirkes *Dr. Banpot Napompeth Dr. Roland Mischung Mr. Cyril Nanshkin * Dr. Donald Mitchell Mr. Rajeev Narula Mr. Sidney S. Mitchell Mrs. Nongyao Narumit Miss Thida Mitrakul * Mr. Sirichai Narumit "' Mr. Sunao Miyahara Mrs. Pomtip Narumpakorn * Mr. Koichi Mizuno * Mr. Wiraj Na Songkhla Mr. Roger Montgomery Mr. Dirk Naumann Mrs. Elizabeth Moore * Mr. Sukhum Navaphan Mr. Werner Morf Mr. Harald Neple Mr. John M. Morgan Mr. Donald C.G. Newton * Mr. G.H. Morgan Mrs. Pat Ngamsnit Mr. Thomas E. Morgan Mr. Carsten D. Nielsen Dr. Grace Morley Mr. Pierre J. Nicolas * Dr. Harold S. Morris Miss Else M. Nielsen Mr. A.R.G. Morrison *Mr. Jan Nielsen Mr. Peter M. Motzfeldt * Prof. Boonyong Nikrodhananda Miss Berbara Mountfield Mr. Snoh Nilkamhaeng . Dr. Majorie A. Muecke * Miss lppa Nilubol Mr. Kurt A. Mueller * Dr. Kraisri Nimmanahaeminda Annual Reports 225

Mr. Eric L. Nissen Mr. J.P. Perguson *Mr. Yoshimi Hitta *Mr. J. Perrin Mr. Duncan Niven Mr. David M. Peter Mr. Harry L. Norlander Mr. Donald L. Petrie *Mrs. R.G. North Miss Malo Petterson *Mr. Hans G. Oblander Mr. Jurgen M. Pfeifer Dr. Taryo Obayashi * Mr. S. Phataminviphas Mr. Richard O'Connor Mr. A.J. Phillips Col. E.J. O'Donnell *Mr. Pinyo Phinainitisat * Mr. Samuel C. Oglesby Mr. Yong Pholabun * Mr. Tadashi Okaniwa Dr. Pasuk Phongpaichit * Miss Laura Olson • Mr. Harry H. Pierson Mr. David Oot Mr. C. Davis Pike Mr. Surin Osathanugrah Miss Christel Pilz Dr. Milton Osborne * Khun Nilawan Pinthong Mr. Jacky Ott * Prof. Duangduen Pisalbutra Dr. Jan Overbeek * Mr. Kaset Pitakpaivan Mrs. Marika Overbeek Mr. Vagn G.A. Plenge Mr. Nigel F. Overy Mr. Raymond Plion-Bernier Mr. Muneto Ozaki Dr. Todd R. Poch Mrs. Sundri Paaopanchon Mrs. Bernadette Poidatz Miss Feresita Padilla Mr. Henry P. Poli Mr. Henri Pagau-Clarac Mr. V.I. Ponomarev Mr. Spha Palasthira Miss Taraka Poontavee Mrs. Rita Palla Mr. Vitavas Poshyachinda * Mr. Prasat Panyarachun Mr. Derek R. Pott * Mr. E. Conrad Parkman Mr. Tom Potworowski *Dr. H.C. Parish *Dr. Saveros Pou Mr. Michael Parr Mr. Jess G. Pourret M.L. Pawkaun Patamasingh Mr. Chun Prabhavivadhana Mrs. H.K. Patmo-(Mingoen) * Mrs. Mira Prachabarn Mr. Lewis Pauker Miss Ninitra Prachuabmoh Mr. Alois Payer * M.R. Seni Pramoj *Mr. Somnuk Pejrprim Miss Promporn Pramualratana Mrs. David Penn Mrs. Chittra Pranich * Dr. Hans Penth Mrs. Madeleine Preisinger Mr. Geoffrey Percival Mrs. Barry Price 226 Annual Reports

Mr. Russell Proctor *Prof. Fred W. Riggs * Dr. Sem Pring-Puang Kaew * Mrs. Susan G. Riley Luang Promadhat Mr. William M. Riley Mr. James B. Pruess Mrs. R.S. Ringis Mr. Gobchai Puavilai Mr. Francesco Ripandelli Mrs. Siripen Puavilai * Mr. Serge Rips Miss Chanchai Puckadhikom Mr. Edward A. Roberts Miss Mathilda Punaraksha Mr. George B. Roberts Mr. Henri Punta Mr. Kevin W. Robertson * Mr. Tos Puntumasen Miss M.S. Robertson Mrs. Penkae Puntusang Mr. L.W.G. Robson * Dr. Chaloem Puranananda Mrs. Joy Rogers * Mr. Chamikom Puranananda Mrs. Sarapee Rojanavongse *Dr. Herbert C. Purnell Miss Kittiporn Rojchanayotin Mrs. Sophia W. Quinn-Judge Mr. James P. Rooney Mr. J. Race Mr. Edward K. Rose Dr. Jeremy J. Raemaekers Dr. Klaus Rosenberg Mr. Dacre F.A. Raikes Mr. Ronald Rosenberg * Gen. Rasmee Rajanivat Miss Laurie Rosenthal Mr. M. Rajaretnam Mr. Jason Roussos * H.S.H. Prince Piyarangsit Rangsit . Mrs. Barbara Rowbottom * Mom Chao Sanidh Rangsit Mr. J.S. Roy Mrs. L. Rasmussen Mr. Thamanoon Ruangsilp Dr. Prasob Ratanakorn *Mr. Walter A. Rudlin Mr. Preecha Ratanodom * Miss Parichart Ruengivsesh Miss Wiph:a Ratanodom Miss Yaowamam Rujikietkumjom Mr. Bhichai Rattakul Miss Wasinee Rujirut "' Mr. Thomas H. Rau *Mr. Dana W. Russell Mrs. Susan R. Real Mrs. Susan Ruthaivilavan Mr. Antonia Realacci Mrs· Chamnongsri Rutnin Dr. Karl Reichstetter Mr. Kevin A. Ryon Mr. John M. Reid * Prof. Sood Saengvichien Mr. Ronald D. Renard Mr. Prapat Saengwanit Mrs. Carol Kim Retka * Mr. David Sahlberg Mr. Nicolas Revenga Mr. Bengt Sahlin Mr. Craig J. Reynolds *Mr. Patya Saihoo Mr. Hans A. Ries Dr. Waldemar Sailer Annual Reports 227

*Mr. Takeshi Sakamoto Mr. Ulrich Seeger * Mrs. Sita Sena Salih Mr. Lothar Seethaler * Lt. Gen. Phya Salwidhan-Nidhes Mr. D. Segaller * Khunying Lursakdi Sampatisiri * H.E. Monsieur Gunnar Seidenfaden Miss M.S. Sanderson Mr. Adreas S. Sekles Mr. Richard E. Sandler Mr. Charles H .C. Seller * Mr. Cecil Sanford Dr. Z. Semberova * Mr. Jitkasem Sangsingkeo * Mr. Leo Seng Tee Mr. Kriengsak Sangtong * Mr. A. Sennhauser * Dr. Thawatchai Santisuk Mrs. Doris Sepulveda * Sao Saimong Miss Kulanuch Sertsuwankul Mr. Vibul Sarakitpricha * Mr. Vija Sethaput * Mrs. Laksanee Sarasas * H .E. Phya Manava Raja Sevi Mr. D.V. Sassoon Mrs. Colleen Sharp *Mr. Hock Siew Saw * Dr. Lauriston Sharp Miss Suphanee Sawangwan Dr. B C. Shaw *Mr. Pancha Sayalakshana * Mrs. Duangphorn Shaw Mrs. Chindabha Sayanha-Vikasit * Prof. John Shaw * Mr. Ratchatin Sayamanond * Mrs. Nisa Sheanakul * Prof. Dr. Meinrad Scheller * Mr. Lee Sheng-Yi Mr. George Schmidt Mr. Masahide Shibusawa Mr. Klaus Schindler Mrs. Haruyo Shirato *Mr. Hartmut W. Schneider * Prof. Dr. Yoshiro Shiratori * Dr. Hans Schneider * Dr. Jit Kasem Sibunruang H.E. W.F.M. Schmidt * Mr. P.E.J.S. Simms * Dr. E.P. Schrock Mr. David M. Sims Mr. Walter Schuller Mr. Aksorn Sindhuprama Mr. Dieter Schutt * Mr. Jaimal Singh Dr. Ira K. Schwartz Mrs. Surijt Chawla Singh Mr. Herbert Schwarz * H .R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Mr. P.C. Schwarz Mrs. Soontree Sirachaya Mr. Dale Schwerdtfeger Miss Vimala Siripongse Dr. Breisach Schwoerer-Kohl Miss Aroonee Sirivadhna Mr. Frank W. Scotton * Mrs. Mani Sirivorasarn Dr. Thomas Scovel Mr. Javanit Sivakua Mr. Ronald S. Scrivener * Mr. Sulakshna Sivaraks Mrs. Thomas A. Seale Dr. Ronald Skeldom 228 Annual Reports

* Mr. Robert Skiff Mr. Kuoch H. Srea Mr. Peter Skilling Mr. Anek Srisanit Prof. Cyril Skinner Mrs. F. Sreesangkom * Prof. G.W. Skinner * Admiral Ying Srihong Miss S. Skul Jittajarern Miss Tatsanai Sriratana Mr. Edwin Slatter • Dr. Koson Srisang Dr. William A. Smalley * Mrs. Vina Sritanratana Mr. Peter M. Smidt Mrs. Susan Staples Mr. Adelbert G. Smith Mr. Richard Stampfle Mr. Ellis G. Smith * Miss Lucy Starling Mr. George Vinal Smith * Mr. Willy Steck Dr. Herbert B. Smith Mr. Mark J. Stein Mr. Michael E. Smight Mr. David I. Steinberg * Mr. Perry E.H. Smith Mr. James Stent * Prof. Michael Smithies Mrs. Ingrid Stenvik * Dr. Tern Smitinand Dr. Rolf Stephan Miss Sarapee Smutkochorn Mr. Bart N. Stephens Dr. Isabella Vignoli Snidvongs Mr. Theodore Stern Mrs. Pasherin Snidvongs * Dr. Larry Sternstein * Mr. Pochana Snidvongs * Mr. Charles Stewart * Khun Varunyupha Snidvongs Mr. John Stirling * Miss Wipudh Sobhavong Mrs. Diane S. Strachan *Mr. Soedjatmoko Mr. Robert Stratton * Dr. Wilhelm G. Solheim, II Mr. Roger F. Stuveras *Mr. J. Paul Somm Mr. Sumeth Suabanu * Dr. Prasert Sombuntham Miss Sirichantorn Sucharitakul ~' M.R. Ying Subijja Sonakul Mr. Seri Suddhaphakti H.S.H. Princess Sibpan Sonakul Mrs. Hiroko Sukanjanajtee Mrs. Eva Sophonpanich Miss V. Sukapanpotharam Mrs. Kanchana Sophonpanich * Mrs. Sirivan Sukhabanij Mrs. Arunee Sopitpongsatorn * Mr. Vhavit Sukhabanij Mr. Per Sorensen * Dr. Dhara Sukhavachana *Miss Marjorie W. Spaulding Mr. Vichien Sukitjanont Mr. N .A.J. Spencer Miss Pisawat Sukonthapan *Dr. Max Spiegelberg Mrs. Vinita Sukrasep * Mr. Hans J. Speilmann M.R. Suriyavudh Suksvasti * Dr. Charles N. Spinks Prof. Helmut Sundhaussen Annual Reports 229

Mr. Methi Sunthornrangsri Miss Claudia Tennant * Mr. Konthi Suphamongkhon * Mr. Sathien Tejapaibul Miss Supanand Supumporn Dr. Barend J. Terwiel Mr. Vinit Suraphongchai Mr. Robert C. Tetro Miss Waraporn Suravadi * Prof. Robert B. Textor Miss Somchit Suravanichsiri Mr. Boonparn Thakoon * Khunying Srinath Suriya Dr. Kokeo Thammongkol Mrs. Rose Marie Sutan-Tanon Mr. Chavalit Thanachanan Miss Anna Sutjayakorn Mrs. Veronika Thananan Mrs. Bubphanard Suvanamas Mrs. Lucia Thagsuphanich Mrs. Regina Suvansarang Mr. Yin Thaung Mr. Songphand Suvansarang Mrs. Sukanya Thavikulwat Mr. Phairoj Suvarnasthira Mr. Anussorn Thavisin * Mr. Kasin Suvatabandhu Mr. John A. Thierry Mrs. Pha-oon Suwannawin Miss Arpunchanit Thipayanond * M.R. Vudhi Svasti Mr. MarshallS. Thomas Mr. Tor Svendsby Mr. Geoffrey Thompson * Mrs. Ellen Swan * Mr. Henry B. Thompson * Mr. Robert Swann *Dr. Donald R. Thomson Mr. D.K. Swearer * Mr. Paothong Thongchua Mrs. Pauline Tabtiang Mrs. Srinaul Thoomchai Mrs. Vallapha Tabtieng *Brigadier Gen. Elliott R. Thorpe Datuk Shahuddin Mohamed Taib Mr. Hans P. Tillmann Assc. Prof. Takuji Takemura Mrs. Sally Timm Miss Nicola J. Tamlyn Mr. Marten G. Timmer * Mr. David K.S. Tan Dr. Chitriya Tingsabadh Miss Suchada Tangtongtavy Mr. Chitti Tingsabadh Mr. Chirasak Tansathitaya Mr. Suthas Tiradnakorn Mrs. Ingrid Tantemsapya Dr. P. Tixier Mr. Thavi Tantisunthorn * Prof. Takejiro Tomita Dr. Thavi Tantiwongse *Mr. Takashi Tomosugi Mr. N.C.T. Tapp M.R. Puckpring Tongyai Mr. David D. Tarrant M.R. Tongyai Tongyai Mr. William B. Tate Dr. Steven J. Torok Miss Kanita Tavekarn Miss Lalita Tosompak Mr. Ronald Tavel Mr. Michael Toth * Mr. Martin F. Taylor Mrs. Jacqueline Touchard 230 Annual Reports

Dr. Hideo Toyokuni Mr. Johan A. Van Zuylen Miss Narelle R. Townsend Miss Thaveeporn Vasavakul Mrs. Yanagi Toyokuni " Mr. Pichai Vasnasong Prof. Arne Trankell Mrs. Leonie Vejjajiva * Mr. Forrest C. Traville • H.E. Nissai Vejjajiva Miss Jeanne-Marie Treboul * Dr. Christian Velder Mr. Guy Trebuil Miss Andrea Verkuehlen Miss Bernadette Tro Mr. Gabriei Vernier Mr. Carl Trocki Mr. Robert Vernstrom Mr. Hans J. Tschudi Mrs. Daniel Verpillot Mrs. Sheila Tuchinda Mr. Michael T. Vickery Mr. John W. Tucker Mr. N. Victor Mr. Paul Tuley Dr. John Villiers Miss Sally Tun Thein *Miss Suri Vimolohakarn Mr. WilliamS. Turley *Dr. Samak Viravaidya ·• Mr. G.M. Turpin Mr. Samrerng Virachanang * Dr. Snoh Unakul "' Mr. Navmintr Vitayakul * Mrs. Margaret Ungphakorn Mr. Vittorio Mr. Michael A. Ussery * Dr. J. Vixseboxse Ms. K.M. Uvhagen *Mr. Rolf E. Von Bueren Mr. Viravudhi Vajrabhaya Mr. Charoon Vongsayanh Mrs. Prathumporn Vajrasathira • Prof. Dr. Oskar von Hinuber Mrs. Rachanee Valls Mr. Chusak Voraphitak * Luang Borihara Vanakhett M.R. Chirie Voravarn * Luang Saman Vanakit Mrs. Esti Votaw Mr. Steven D. Van Beek Miss Suchitra Vuthisathird Mr. A.D. Vanderboon Mrs. Barbara Wagner Mrs. Florance Man Duyn Miss Elizabeth Walch Mrs. lngeborg Vanek Mr. Eric Waldelius * Mr. H.A. van der Flier Mr. Louis Walker *Dr. M.B.C. van der Velden Mr. Despiegelaere Walter Mrs. Penny Van Esterik Mr. Rieser Walter Dr. W.J. van Liere Mr. Chanin Wanadit Mrs. Romee S. van Luttervelt Dr. Derek Wangwiwatana Mr. J.D. van Oenen Miss Kanchanasit Wansom Mr. Peter Van Rijn Mr. Sirajit Waramontri Mr. Edward Van Roy Mr. George Ward Annual Reports 231

Dr. David A. Warrell Mr. Albert Wongjirachai Mr. Charles P. Warren Dr. Thosaporn Wongratana Mr. William Warren * Miss Carol Woo Mr. D.B. Waterhouse Mr. Peter Woodcock Mr. Ulrich Weber * Mr. James L. Woods *Dr. Karl E. Weber Mr. H.W. Woodward, Jr. Miss Ann G. Webster Mr. R.A. Woodward Mrs. Margot Weinmann Mr. Michael Wright Mr. Roger C. Welty "' Prof. David K. Wyatt *Dr. K. Wenk Mr. Andrew Wynne Mr. Sam S. Westgate Mr. Bernard Xiberras Mr. T.O. Westheimer Miss Kazue Yamamoto Mr. T.K. Whalley Mr. Tadayuki Yamamoto Mrs. Mark I. Whitcraft Mrs. Chodchoy Yang Dr. Nicholas J. White * Mrs. M. Yipintsoi Mr. Peter White *Mr. Toshiharu Yoshikawa *Mr. WilliamS. Whorton Miss Mineko Yoshioka *Dr. Adul Wichiencharoen Mr. Hansjoerg Wiedmann * Mr. Prachitr Yossundara Dr. Martin Wieland Mr. Chin You-di Mr. Leo Wienands * Mr. Allan B. Young Dr. William R. Young Mrs. M.M.F. Wiggins Dr. Henry Wilde * H.R.H. Prince Bhanubandh Yugala Mr. Endymion P. Wilkinson M.C. Mongkolchaleam Yugala Mr. M.J. Wilkinson * Mr. Thanit Yupho · *Mr. Curtis C. Williams, Jr. Mr. Boguslow Zakrzeski Mr. H.R. Williams Mr. Nicholas C. Zefran Mr. John Willoughby Mr. Pierre Zerdoun * Dr. Constance M. Wilson Mr. Carl J. Zeytoon Mr. Sven H. Wiioesch Mr. Daniel D. Zoller, Jr. Mr. Jim Wolf Dr. Volkmar V. Zuhlsdorff LIST OF INSTITUTIONAL SUBSCRIBERS

AUSTRALIA James Cook University of Queensland, Queensland Monash University, Clayton, Victoria University of Western Australia, Nedlands BURMA Printed Matter & Photographic Store Trade Corp., Rangoon CANADA Mr. B. Maule, Vancouver Mrs. Pontip Placzek, Vancouver CIDLE Universidao De Chile, Temico DENMARK Statsbiblioteket, Aarhus FRANCE Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris Musee Ouimet d'Histoire Naturelle, Lyon Mr. Robert Sausse, Combault/Seine-et-Marne GREAT BRITAIN British Library, Boston Spa, Wetherby, Yorks Brynmor Jones Library, Hull Indian Institute Library, Oxford University Library, Canterbury HOLLAND Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen, Amsterdam Uni versiteitsbiliotheek, Amsterdam HONG KONG Sinminchu Publishing Company, Hong Kong University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong INDIA Rajasthan University Library, Jaipur ISRAEL Jewish Natl & University Library, Jerusalem

232 Annual Reports 233

ITALY Mr. Scott D. Bellard, Rome JAPAN Kitao Shoseki Boeki, Osaka Nanzan University, Aichi Tsukuba University Library, Japan KOREA Yonsei University Library, Seoul MALAYSIA Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor University of Malaya Library, Kuala Lumpur NETHERLANDS Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague NEW ZEALAND University of Auckland Library, Auckland University of Otago Library, Dunedin Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, PHILIPPINES University of Philippines, Diliman SINGAPORE Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Pasir Panjang THAILAND Chieng Mai University, Chieng Mai Chieng Mai University, Central Library, Chieng Mai Chulalongkorn University Library, Bangkok

·-, Khon Kaen University Library, Khon Kaen Mr. David Thomas, Bangkok Office of the National Educatian Commission Library, Bangkok Royal Secretary Office, Bangkok Silpakorn University Library, Bangkok Silpakorn University Library, NakoriJ, Pathom Songkhla University Library, Songkhla Thammasat University, Central Library, Bangkok 234 Annual Reports

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ABC-Clio Library, Santo Barbara, CA Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ Brandeis University, Waltham, MA Brigham Young University, Provo, YT Carleton College Library, Northfield, MN College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA Indiana State University Cunningham Library, Terre Hatue, IN Indiana University Libraries, Bloomington, IN Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, ILL Ohio University, Athens, OH Rice University, Houston, TX Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC State University of New York At Buffalo, Buffalo, NY The Pennsylvania State University, PENN Tufts University, Medford, MA University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ University of California, Davis, CA University of California, Santa Barbara, CA University of Chicago Library, Chicago, ILL University of Colorado Libraries, Boulder, CO University of MD/Mckeldin Library, College Park, MD University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI University of New York at Albany, NY University of Oklahoma Library, Norman, Oklahoma University of Oregon Library, Eugene, Oregon University of Pittsburgh, PA University of Utah Libraries, Salt Lake City, Utah University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Washington State University, Pullman, WA Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT W-GERMANY Staatliche Museen Preussische:r Kulturbesitz, Berlin INSTITUTIONS EXCHANGING PUBLICATIONS WITH THE SIAM SOCIETY, 1982

BELGIUM Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Bruxelles. BRUNEI Brunei Museum, Kota Batu. CHINA, REP. OF (TAIWAN) Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. Institute of Fishery Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Taipei. DENMARK Botanisk Centrabibliotek, K¢benhaven. National Museum, K¢benhaven. FRANCE Ecole Francaise d'Extreme Orient, Paris Musee Ouimet, Paris Societe Asiatique, Paris GERMANY, FED. REP. OF Botanischer Garden und Botanisches Museum, Berlin Seminar flir sprache und Kultur Chinas, South East Asian Department, Hamburg Geographisches Institut der Universitat, Bonn Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde, Stuttgart HONG KONG Royal Asiatic Society, Hong Kong Branch INDIA All-India Kashiraj Trust, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh Asiatic Society, Calcutta JAPAN Institute for the Study of Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa, Tokyo Gaikokugo Daigaku, Tokyo Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, Tokyo National Museum of Ethonology, Serita, Osaka Oriental Library, The Toyo Bunko, Tokyo

235 236 Annual Reports

MALAYSIA Ford Foundation, Kuala Lumpur Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Jalan Sultan, Petaling Jaya Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur Sarawak Museum, Kuching, Sarawak NETHERLANDS Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde, Leiden NORWAY Universitets Biblioteket, Oslo PHILIPPINES National Museum of the Philippines, Manila University of the Philippines at Los Banos, Laguna POLAND Museum of Natural History Sienkiewicra, Wvoclaw SINGAPORE National University of Singapore Library South Seas Society SRI LANKA National Museum Library, Colombo SWITZERLAND Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Bibliotheque, Geneve THAILAND Develop-!Dent Document Center, ·National Institute of Development Administration, Bangkok Exchanges, Library of Congress Office, American Embassy, Bangkok Thai National Document Center, Bangkok UNITED KINGDOM British Museum, Department of Natural History, London British Museum, Department of Oriental Printed Books und Manuscripts, London Royal Asiatic Society, London School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, London Annual Reports 237

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Acquisition Division, Albert R. Mann Library, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois. Museum of Fine Arts, Library, Boston, Massachusetts. New York Botanical Garden, Library, New York. University of California General Library, Berkeley, California. University of Florida Libraries, Gainesville, Florida. University of Hawaii Library, Honolulu, Hawaii. Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, . New York. Smithsonian Institution Library, Washington D.C. American Museum of Natural History, Library, New York. American Ornithologists' Union, Department of Anatomy (UMIC) Chicago, Illinois.