DOCSLIB.ORG

Spatial Patterns of West-African Plant Diversity Along a Climatic Gradient from Coast to Sahel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spatial Patterns of West-African Plant Diversity Along a Climatic Gradient from Coast to Sahel Spatial patterns of West-African plant diversity along a climatic gradient from coast to Sahel Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorgelegt von Sié Sylvestre DA aus Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso Bonn, Mai 2010 Angefertigt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn. 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Georg Zizka Tag der Promotion: 29. Juni 2010 Erscheinungsjahr: 2010 i ii Preface and Acknowledgements Preface and Acknowledgements This thesis was carried out at the Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn in the framework of the BIOTA Africa Project “Analysis of the African biodiversity and development of sustainable conservation strategies integrating the effects of climate change and landuse” led by Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott and funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). It was also supported by the Akademie der Wissenschaften und Literatur, Mainz. In the very first place, I would like to express my warmest thanks to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott for accepting me in his working group and giving me the chance and opportunity to conduct a PhD project on the fascinating field of biodiversity mapping for protection and sustainable use of natural resources. I am deeply grateful for his excellent guidance and constructive criticisms and also for his continuous motiviation to constantly increase my knowledge in the field of biodiversity research. Vielen Dank Professor! Many thanks to Prof. Dr. Georg Zizka (Universität Frankfurt), who kindly agreed to co- supervise this thesis. He is gratefully acknowledged for his critical reading and fruitful comments. I am deeply indebted to Prof. Dr. Adjima Thiombiano (Université de Ouagadougou/Burkina Faso) for the fruitful discussions we had in Burkina Faso and during his stays in Germany, and for the continuous support in all stages of this study. He also gave me the inspiration by his lectures and courses during my early studies and raised my interest in the field of plant ecology. I deeply appreciate the support from Prof. Dr. Sita Guinko, Prof. Dr. Jeanne Frémiot de Chantal Millogo/ Rasolodimby and Prof. Dr. Joseph I. Boussim (Laboratoire de Biologie et Écologie Végétales – Université de Ouagadougou). This thesis would not have been possible without the constant support and encouragements of the members of the BIOMAPS working group at the Nees Institute. I remain deeply grateful for their constant advice and invaluable input throughout the termination of this thesis, for creating a pleasant working atmosphere and for their sincere help during my stay in Germany. First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Jan Henning Sommer for his constant disposability despite his iii Preface and Acknowledgements enormous daily task of responsibilities. I remain deeply grateful to him for his useful comments and fruitful suggestions. I wish to extend appreciations to my office mates and PhD-fellows, Katharina Sabellek and Jaime Ricardo García Márquez for the convivial atmosphere and for helping me very much to overcome the challenges inherent to the different analysis. I would like to express my gratitude to my current and former colleagues of the BIOMAPS group, Dr. Holger Kreft, Dr. Jens Mutke, Dr. Daud Rafiqpoor, Dr. Nils Köster, Dr. Wolfgang Küper, and Sylvie Dugay for fruitful and very helpful discussions and suggestions. Many thanks to all my colleagues at the Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn for different kind of support. I thank the student assistants (“HIWIs”) for their valuable contribution to this work: Katja Seis, Pascal Wauer, Laurens Geffert, Christian Haase, Anne-Marie Schnell, and specially Sebastian Eschweiler who helped me a lot to solve any kind of technical problems. Es war immer richtig toll mit Euch! Thanks to all members of the BIOTA West project network for the good working atmosphere and the synergies derived by our collaborative work. Special thanks to anybody who provided data in this context, in particular to Prof. Dr. Adjima Thiombiabno, Prof. Dr. Georg Zizka, Dr. Marco Schmidt, and Dr. Cyrille Chatelain for providing fine scale plant disitribution data, and to Dr. Jakob Fahr, Matthias Herkt and Dr. Martin Wegmann for preparing einvironmental datasets. I further appreciate the contribution of numerous scientists and institutions to the development of the Biogeographic Information System on African Plant Diversity. I would like to thank all my friends and colleagues: Oumarou Sambaré, Dr. Amadé Ouédraogo, Dr. Oumarou Ouédraogo, Dr. Salifou Traoré, Blandine Nacoulma, Assan Gnoumou, at the “Laboratoire de Biologie et Écologie Végétale de l’Université de Ouagadougou”, Jean-Paul Ouédraogo, Dénis Wambéogo, Belemnaba Lazar, Côme Linsoussi, Noellie Yao, Dr. Lazar Tia, Dr. Moses Tita Mogho Njoya, Ngome Ajebe Francis and Kelvin Mtei, for their constant encouragements. Finally my special thanks to my loving mother for her never-ending support and blessing despite the distance, my gratitude to my brothers and sisters, Simplice, Philippe, Fernand, Marthe and Louise who have constantly encouraged me to achieve my goals. Vielen Dank für alles! - Merci pour tout! - Thank you very much for everything! iv v Table of contents Table of Contents 1. General introduction.................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Spatial patterns of biodiversity............................................................................... 2 1.2 Delineation of biogeographical regions.................................................................. 5 1.3 Biodiversity and climate change ............................................................................ 7 1.4 General features of West African plant biodiversity.............................................. 9 1.5 Institutional background of the thesis................................................................... 11 2. Aims of the study ...................................................................................................... 13 3. Patterns of vascular plant species richness along a climatic gradient and across protected areas in West Africa.................................................................................... 15 3.1 Abstract................................................................................................................. 15 3.2 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Data and Methods................................................................................................. 19 3.4 Results .................................................................................................................. 23 3.5 Discussion............................................................................................................. 29 3.6 Conclusion............................................................................................................ 32 4. Quantitative delineation of phytogeographical regions based on modeled plant species distributions in West Africa............................................................................ 33 4.1. Abstract................................................................................................................ 33 4.2. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 34 4.3. Data and Methods................................................................................................ 36 4.4. Results ................................................................................................................. 39 4.5. Discussion............................................................................................................ 46 4.6 Conclusion and perspectives ................................................................................ 51 5. Prediction of species richness and shift in phytogeographic regions under climate change in West Africa..................................................................................... 53 5.1 Abstract................................................................................................................. 53 5.2 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 54 5.3 Data and Methods................................................................................................. 56 vi Table of contents 5.4 Results .................................................................................................................. 59 5.5 Discussion............................................................................................................. 65 5.6 Conclusion............................................................................................................ 69 6. General conclusions.................................................................................................. 71 7. Summary ................................................................................................................... 75 8. Zusammenfassung ...................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
    YIKA-VWAZA TRUST RESEARCH STUDY REPORT N (2017/18) Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi By Sopani Sichinga ([email protected]) September , 2019 ABSTRACT In 2018 – 19, a survey on vascular plants was conducted in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve. The reserve is located in the north-western Malawi, covering an area of about 986 km2. Based on this survey, a total of 461 species from 76 families were recorded (i.e. 454 Angiosperms and 7 Pteridophyta). Of the total species recorded, 19 are exotics (of which 4 are reported to be invasive) while 1 species is considered threatened. The most dominant families were Fabaceae (80 species representing 17. 4%), Poaceae (53 species representing 11.5%), Rubiaceae (27 species representing 5.9 %), and Euphorbiaceae (24 species representing 5.2%). The annotated checklist includes scientific names, habit, habitat types and IUCN Red List status and is presented in section 5. i ACKNOLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, let me thank the Nyika–Vwaza Trust (UK) for funding this work. Without their financial support, this work would have not been materialized. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) Malawi through its Regional Office (N) is also thanked for the logistical support and accommodation throughout the entire study. Special thanks are due to my supervisor - Mr. George Zwide Nxumayo for his invaluable guidance. Mr. Thom McShane should also be thanked in a special way for sharing me some information, and sending me some documents about Vwaza which have contributed a lot to the success of this work. I extend my sincere thanks to the Vwaza Research Unit team for their assistance, especially during the field work.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting Template
    PLANT GROWTH AND SOIL RESPONSES TO SIMULATED NITROGEN DEPOSITION AND DRY SEASON PRECIPITATION IN A NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA By STELLA M. COPELAND A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Stella M. Copeland 2 To the Cerrado To the hope of a future with wild places and intact ecosystems To my grandparents, who collectively encouraged intellectual curiosity, compassion for my fellow human beings, and a passion for biodiversity 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am eternally grateful to my committee, Dr. Heraldo Vasconcelos, Dr. Michelle Mack, and my adviser Dr. Emilio Bruna, for their support and advice. A special note of thanks to Dr. John (Jack) Ewel, who graciously agreed to participate in my defense in replacement for an off- campus member. I am indebted to the students of the Laboratório de Insetos Socias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil, for their help and kindness as I navigated Brazilian culture, Portuguese language, and Cerrado ecology in pursuit of my Master’s data. I thank the staff of the Laboratório de Análises de Solos e Calcários, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, who cheerfully guided me through a litany of soil and foliar analyses. I am grateful to numerous professors, staff, and fellow graduate students of the Department of Wildlife Conservation and Ecology and Department of Botany at University of the Florida who were invaluable throughout the process of thesis development, implementation, and completion. Meghan Brennan and James Colee, of the UF Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Statistics Consulting Unit provided crucial research design and statistical analysis support.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Lackey, James Andrew, "A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5832. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5832 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogeny of the Hubbardochloinae Including Tetrachaete (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae)
    Peterson, P.M., K. Romaschenko, and Y. Herrera Arrieta. 2020. A phylogeny of the Hubbardochloinae including Tetrachaete (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae). Phytoneuron 2020-81: 1–13. Published 18 November 2020. ISSN 2153 733 A PHYLOGENY OF THE HUBBARDOCHLOINAE INCLUDING TETRACHAETE (CYNODONTEAE: CHLORIDOIDEAE: POACEAE) PAUL M. PETERSON AND KONSTANTIN ROMASCHENKO Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 [email protected]; [email protected] YOLANDA HERRERA ARRIETA Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR Unidad Durango-COFAA Durango, C.P. 34220, México [email protected] ABSTRACT The phylogeny of subtribe Hubbardochloinae is revisited, here with the inclusion of the monotypic genus Tetrachaete, based on a molecular DNA analysis using ndhA intron, rpl32-trnL, rps16 intron, rps16- trnK, and ITS markers. Tetrachaete elionuroides is aligned within the Hubbardochloinae and is sister to Dignathia. The biogeography of the Hubbardochloinae is discussed, its origin likely in Africa or temperate Asia. In a previous molecular DNA phylogeny (Peterson et al. 2016), the subtribe Hubbardochloinae Auquier [Bewsia Gooss., Dignathia Stapf, Gymnopogon P. Beauv., Hubbardochloa Auquier, Leptocarydion Hochst. ex Stapf, Leptothrium Kunth, and Lophacme Stapf] was found in a clade with moderate support (BS = 75, PP = 1.00) sister to the Farragininae P.M. Peterson et al. In the present study, Tetrachaete elionuroides Chiov. is included in a phylogenetic analysis (using ndhA intron, rpl32- trnL, rps16 intron, rps16-trnK, and ITS DNA markers) in order to test its relationships within the Cynodonteae with heavy sampling of species in the supersubtribe Gouiniodinae P.M. Peterson & Romasch. Chiovenda (1903) described Tetrachaete Chiov. with a with single species, T.
    [Show full text]
  • Poaceae Phytoliths from the Niassa Rift, Mozambique
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222149229 Poaceae phytoliths from the Niassa Rift, Mozambique Article in Journal of Archaeological Science · August 2010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2010.03.001 CITATIONS READS 44 409 9 authors, including: Fernando Astudillo Mary Barkworth Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) Utah State University 4 PUBLICATIONS 45 CITATIONS 81 PUBLICATIONS 902 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Tim Aaron Bennett Chris Esselmont 8 PUBLICATIONS 242 CITATIONS The University of Calgary 6 PUBLICATIONS 161 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Stipeae (no longer a major focus) View project Grasses in North America View project All content following this page was uploaded by Rahab N Kinyanjui on 19 March 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Journal of Archaeological Science 37 (2010) 1953e1967 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jas Poaceae phytoliths from the Niassa Rift, Mozambique Julio Mercader a,*, Fernando Astudillo a, Mary Barkworth b, Tim Bennett a, Chris Esselmont c, Rahab Kinyanjui d, Dyan Laskin Grossman a, Steven Simpson a, Dale Walde a a Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada b Intermountain Herbarium, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UH 84322-5305, USA c Environics Research Group, 999 8th Street S.W., Calgary, Alberta T2R 1J5, Canada d National Museum of Kenya, Department of Earth Sciences, Palynology and Paleobotany Section, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Euphorbia Subg
    ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ НАУКИ БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ ИМ. В.Л. КОМАРОВА РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК На правах рукописи Гельтман Дмитрий Викторович ПОДРОД ESULA РОДА EUPHORBIA (EUPHORBIACEAE): СИСТЕМА, ФИЛОГЕНИЯ, ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ 03.02.01 — ботаника ДИССЕРТАЦИЯ на соискание ученой степени доктора биологических наук САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ 2015 2 Оглавление Введение ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Глава 1. Род Euphorbia и основные проблемы его систематики ......................................... 9 1.1. Общая характеристика и систематическое положение .......................................... 9 1.2. Краткая история таксономического изучения и формирования системы рода ... 10 1.3. Основные проблемы систематики рода Euphorbia и его подрода Esula на рубеже XX–XXI вв. и пути их решения ..................................................................................... 15 Глава 2. Материал и методы исследования ........................................................................... 17 Глава 3. Построение системы подрода Esula рода Euphorbia на основе молекулярно- филогенетического подхода ...................................................................................................... 24 3.1. Краткая история молекулярно-филогенетического изучения рода Euphorbia и его подрода Esula ......................................................................................................... 24 3.2. Результаты молекулярно-филогенетического
    [Show full text]
  • Hunters Or Farmers? Microbiome Characteristics Help Elucidate the Diet Composition in an Aquatic Carnivorous Plant
    Sirová et al. Microbiome (2018) 6:225 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0600-7 RESEARCH Open Access Hunters or farmers? Microbiome characteristics help elucidate the diet composition in an aquatic carnivorous plant Dagmara Sirová1,2*† ,Jiří Bárta2†, Karel Šimek1,2, Thomas Posch3,Jiří Pech2, James Stone4,5, Jakub Borovec1, Lubomír Adamec6 and Jaroslav Vrba1,2 Abstract Background: Utricularia are rootless aquatic carnivorous plants which have recently attracted the attention of researchers due to the peculiarities of their miniaturized genomes. Here, we focus on a novel aspect of Utricularia ecophysiology—the interactions with and within the complex communities of microorganisms colonizing their traps and external surfaces. Results: Bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa inhabit the miniature ecosystem of the Utricularia trap lumen and are involved in the regeneration of nutrients from complex organic matter. By combining molecular methods, microscopy, and other approaches to assess the trap-associated microbial community structure, diversity, function, as well as the nutrient turn-over potential of bacterivory, we gained insight into the nutrient acquisition strategies of the Utricularia hosts. Conclusions: We conclude that Utricularia traps can, in terms of their ecophysiological function, be compared to microbial cultivators or farms, which center around complex microbial consortia acting synergistically to convert complex organic matter, often of algal origin, into a source of utilizable nutrients for the plants. Keywords: Algae, Bacteria, Ciliate bacterivory, Digestive mutualism, Fungi, Herbivory, Nutrient turnover, Plant– microbe interactions, Protists, Utricularia traps Background microbial communities clearly play a significant role in Plant-associated microorganisms have long been plant ecophysiology, but many of the underlying mech- recognized as key partners in enhancing plant nutrient anisms governing these looser associations still remain acquisition, mitigating plant stress, promoting growth, unexplored [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Inventaire Et Analyse Chimique Des Exsudats Des Plantes D'utilisation Courante Au Congo-Brazzaville
    Inventaire et analyse chimique des exsudats des plantes d’utilisation courante au Congo-Brazzaville Arnold Murphy Elouma Ndinga To cite this version: Arnold Murphy Elouma Ndinga. Inventaire et analyse chimique des exsudats des plantes d’utilisation courante au Congo-Brazzaville. Chimie analytique. Université Paris Sud - Paris XI; Université Marien- Ngouabi (Brazzaville), 2015. Français. NNT : 2015PA112023. tel-01269459 HAL Id: tel-01269459 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01269459 Submitted on 5 Feb 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE MARIEN NGOUABI UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SUD ÉCOLE DOCTORALE 470: CHIMIE DE PARIS SUD Laboratoire d’Etude des Techniques et d’Instruments d’Analyse Moléculaire (LETIAM) THÈSE DE DOCTORAT CHIMIE par Arnold Murphy ELOUMA NDINGA INVENTAIRE ET ANALYSE CHIMIQUE DES EXSUDATS DES PLANTES D’UTILISATION COURANTE AU CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE Date de soutenance : 27/02/2015 Directeur de thèse : M. Pierre CHAMINADE, Professeur des Universités (France) Co-directeur de thèse : M. Jean-Maurille OUAMBA, Professeur Titulaire CAMES (Congo) Composition du jury : Président : M. Alain TCHAPLA, Professeur Emérite, Université Paris-Sud Rapporteurs : M. Zéphirin MOULOUNGUI, Directeur de Recherche INRA, INP-Toulouse M. Ange Antoine ABENA, Professeur Titulaire CAMES, Université Marien Ngouabi Examinateurs : M.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
    Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A.B. Kadiri and J.D
    Nigerian Journal of Science Vol 48 (2014): 1-13 Anatomy of Timber Species of Nigeria *A.B. KADIRI AND J.D. OLOWOKUDEJO Department of Botany, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos Nigeria *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Vessels, parenchyma and ray cells of eighteen woody plant species belonging to 14 families (8 Orders) in Nigeria were studied using light microscopy. Configuration of ray cells, vessel diameter, pitting pattern of the vessels and parenchyma position in relation to the vessel pores are useful taxonomically and they can be linked to the various uses of the woods. Multiseriate ray cells were common in the Order Gentianales e.g. Alstonia congensis, (Apocynaceae) and Mitragyna ciliata (Rubiaceae). Family Fabaceae e.g. Brachystegia eurycoma and Piptadeniastrum africanum have paratracheal parenchyma, absence of cell inclusions and solitary or clustered vessels in common. Order Lamiales e.g. Family Lamiaceae: Tectona grandis and Boraginaceae: Cordia millenii have homogenous ray cells and banded paratracheal parenchyma with no inclusions. These characters may contribute to understanding the incertae sedis situation surrounding appropriate placement of Boraginaceae in an Order. Cleistopholis patens (Annonaceae) and Pycnanthus angolensis (Myristicaeae) in the Order Magnoliales have scalariform vessels and multiseriate ray cells, usually with some inclusions. Order Malpighiales e.g. Anthostema aubryanum and Mallotus oppositifolus (Euphorbiaceae) and Lophira alata (Ochnaceae) have apo- or paratracheal parenchyma and also possess inclusions in the ray cells and vessels while absence of cell inclusions distinguishes the family Malvaceae (Ceiba petandra and Triplochiton scleroxylon) from Sterculiaceae (Mansonia altissima and Pterygota macrocarpa). Multiseriate and homogenous ray cells characterized the Order Myrtales e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Gramineae) VIII
    Studies in the Arundinelleae (Gramineae) VIII. The Phylogeny — A Hypothesis J.B. Phipps Department of Botany, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada Contents Page Abstract 477 1. Introduction 477 2. The nature and interpretation of phylogenetic evidence 478 (i) Phylogenies hypothetical 478 (ii) The interpretation of phylogenetic evidence 478 (iii) Conservative characters 478 (iv) Selection of advanced and primitive character states 479 The (v) character states used 479 (vi) Number of characters used 480 The 3. representation of a phylogeny 480 (i) Principles for arranging cladograms 481 classifications 4. Phyletic 481 Criteria for this 5. accepted paper 481 6. The phylogeny deduced 482 Individual (i) genera 482 Discussion of within (ii) genera groups 485 (iii) The tribe as a whole 487 7. Phyletic conclusions 488 (i) Geographical considerations 488 (ii) Parallelism 489 (iii) Evolutionary reversals 490 (iv) Postulation of a primitive or proto-Arundinellean 490 A (v) phyletic classification 491 8. Summary 491 Acknowledgements 492 References 492 Abstract This study considers the 163 species accepted as belonging to the tribe Arundinelleae (Gramineae) and into A is arranges them a putative cladogram. discussion ofthe rationale presented, 38 characters are studied for advanced versus primitive states, advancement indices calculated, and trends of variation discussed. The six major groups ofPhipps (1966b) are maintained. The phylogeny conforms excellently with the of the continental drift it for the geographical aspects hypothesis though requires a greater age Angiosperms than is generally held to be the case. I. Introduction The the with the tribe Arundinelleae present paper, eighth in a series dealing variationin amine derive a of a (Gr ae), is an attempt to tentative phylogeny group quite intensively 21 478 BLUMEA VOL.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Molecular Dating, and Floral Evolution of Magnoliidae (Angiospermae)
    UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SUD ÉCOLE DOCTORALE : SCIENCES DU VÉGÉTAL Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution DISCIPLINE : BIOLOGIE THÈSE DE DOCTORAT Soutenue le 11/04/2014 par Julien MASSONI Phylogeny, molecular dating, and floral evolution of Magnoliidae (Angiospermae) Composition du jury : Directeur de thèse : Hervé SAUQUET Maître de Conférences (Université Paris-Sud) Rapporteurs : Susanna MAGALLÓN Professeur (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) Thomas HAEVERMANS Maître de Conférences (Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle) Examinateurs : Catherine DAMERVAL Directeur de Recherche (CNRS, INRA) Michel LAURIN Directeur de Recherche (CNRS, Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle) Florian JABBOUR Maître de Conférences (Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle) Michael PIRIE Maître de Conférences (Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz) Membres invités : Hervé SAUQUET Maître de Conférences (Université Paris-Sud) Remerciements Je tiens tout particulièrement à remercier mon directeur de thèse et ami Hervé Sauquet pour son encadrement, sa gentillesse, sa franchise et la confiance qu’il m’a accordée. Cette relation a immanquablement contribuée à ma progression humaine et scientifique. La pratique d’une science sans frontière est la plus belle chose qu’il m’ait apportée. Ce fut enthousiasmant, très fructueux, et au-delà de mes espérances. Ce mode de travail sera le mien pour la suite de ma carrière. Je tiens également à remercier ma copine Anne-Louise dont le soutien immense a contribué à la réalisation de ce travail. Elle a vécu avec patience et attention les moments d’enthousiasmes et de doutes. Par la même occasion, je remercie ma fille qui a eu l’heureuse idée de ne pas naître avant la fin de la rédaction de ce manuscrit.
    [Show full text]