WE WANT Integrating Conservation and Development Colophon

REPORT BRA 2013-2017

THE AMAZON WE WANT Integrating Conservation and Development Colophon

WWF-Brazil

CEO Maurício Voivodic

Amazon Program Leader Ricardo Mello

Publication Manager Osvaldo Barassi Gajardo – WWF-Brazil

Publication Design and Writing Maria Benevides – Quartzo Comunicação

Editors Frederico Brandão – WWF-Brazil Jorge Eduardo Dantas – WWF-Brazil Maria Benevides – Quartzo Comunicação

Review Cristina Velho Jorge Eduardo Dantas – WWF-Brazil Maria Benevides – Quartzo Comunicação

Content Review Lucas Silva – WWF-Brazil Flávio Quental – WWF-Brazil Moacyr Araújo – WWF-Brazil Lorenza Cordeiro – WWF-Brazil Marcelo Oliveira – WWF-Brazil Dion Ward – WWF-Brazil

Translation Regina Peixoto Vasquez

Graphic Design and Infographics Érica Cristina Ferreira dos Santos – Move Comunicação integrada

Photos WWF-Brazil

Cover Photo Zig Koch/WWF-Brazil

Maps Alessandra Manzur - WWF-Brazil

Amazon Program 2013-2017

WWF-Brazil

May 2018 ABOUT WWF-Brazil

WWF-Brazil has been working in the Our mission is to contribute to nature conservation, O Amazon ever since the creation of the harmonizing human activity with biodiversity organization, in 1996. In 2010, the Amazon conservation and the rational use of natural Program began to work according to the present resources, for the benefit of citizens today and future model, carrying out projects involving scientific generations. Join us at: wwf.org.br research, diagnoses, the protection of priority areas for conservation, capacity building, a n d the WWF Network is the largest conservation network promotion and development of production chains, in the world, present in over 100 countries and with through Environmental Education, mobilization 5 million members all over the world. Its actions are and engagement actions. The organization also based on science and seek to find innovative solu- works to improve environmental and forest public tions to meet the needs of both people and nature. policies, as well as to promote financial instruments WWF has been working in Brazil since the 1970’s, to reward those who provide ecosystem services. when it carried out the first studies on the Golden Follow us at: somosamazonia.wwf.org.br Lion Tamarin and started the campaign to prevent its extinction. With over 4,000 members, WWF-Brazil is a Brazilian non-governmental and non profit organization; it is also a member of WWF Network.

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BRASÍLIA – DF MANAUS – AM RIO BRANCO – AC SGCV lote15, S/N Rua Silvânia, casa 88 Rua Hugo Carneiro, 811 Ed Jade Office, salas 319 e 421 Conjunto Vilar Câmara Bairro Bosque

Zona Industrial, Guará Bairro Aleixo CEP: 69.900-550 Brasília – Distrito Federal Manaus – Amazonas Rio Branco – Acre CEP: 71.215-650 CEP: 69.083-410 + (55) 68 3244-1705 + (55) 61 3364-7400 + (55) 92 3644-3844 + (55) 68 3223-4672 + (55) 61 3364-7474

Photo: Adriano Photo: Adriano Gambarini/WWF-Brazil

With 6.7 million square kilometers, the Amazon Forest extends over nine countries. The majority of it – 4.2 million sq. km – is located in Brazil, where it covers half of the the country’s territory. FOREWORD

he largest continuous tropical forest in the world is a Tpriority area for WWF-Brazil and plays important rolesin climate regulation and carbon stock. A biodiversitychampion, the Amazon is home to 17.6 million Brazilians, including the majority of indigenous peoples in Brazil. Together with government agencies, local and indigenous communities, non-governmental organizations, the business sector, and other partners, we seek to contribute to the protection of great portions of the Amazon and to the preservation of the ecosystem services that it provides. We have been doing this for four decades now. The initial work for the conservation of species and their habitats evolved to the promotion and development of sustainable use and planning for region. Our present strategy includes partnerships with the financial system in order to The create economic incentives for the sustainable development, acknowledgement and with the timber sector in order to help organize and legalize of the forest the production chain. It also includes actions in urban areas, focusing on the impacts in nearby forest areas and on fighting value by forest climate change. “and city dwellers We celebrate the strength and success of the Amazon also depends Pro-tected Areas Program (ARPA) – the largest tropical forest on the greater protection program in the world – and the fact that WWF- Brazil has a leading role in it. ARPA has already achieved 98 social control of per cent of its target to protect 60 million hectares of forests the resources by in this region. Nevertheless, we are greatly concerned with the decrease of funds and resources for forest patrolling activities, riverine population, as well as congressional attempts to decrease by 40 per cent the indigenous people, Protected Areas located in the so-called Arch of Deforestation, farmers, and the where illegal logging is more intense, and also where the Protected Areas (PAs) supported by ARPA are located. civil society in The majority of the PAs facing area reduction are located general” in Apuí, Manicoré, and Novo Aripuanã municipal counties, where WWF-Brazil’s Amazon Program and partners have been achieving progress in organizing the timber activity and expanding the good practices in agriculture and cattle ranching among entrepreneurs, developers and farmers (producers) who who believe in the importance of sustainability in the region, in opposition to those who just want to deplete its natural resources. We believe that citizens can and should actively participate in the decisions about local development. Our technical staff in the field attribute the increased illegal deforestation taking place in Southern Amazonas state, recent past years, to the lack of knowledge about the new Brazilian Forest Legislation, together with false expectations regarding an amnesty for past illegal actions, as well as the constant postponement of the Rural Environmental Register deadline (CAR, in the Portuguese acronym for Cadastramento Ambiental Rural). Like our local partners – including the largest rural producers association in this region –, we have sought to provide quality information, and we hope that the Apuí Municipal Council will approve the first municipal plan to fight deforestation. This plan was developed through a partnership between the government and the production sectors. During the 40 years that WWF-Brazil has been working in this region, the Brazilian Amazon lost over 18 per cent of its vegetation cover. In spite of peaks detected in past years, and of the pressures from the mineral and energy wealth of the last Brazilian frontier, we value our contribution to support the Brazilian government in curbing deforestation rates – there is no risk of deforestation rates regaining the out-of-control status observed during the 1980’s and up to 2004. We trust the joint effort of our partners in overcoming the difficulties and bet on landscape planning -- an expression that, little by little, is being incorporated in the managers’ vocabulary, and that expresses our vision for the future of the Amazon: development with responsibility and respect for nature. We trust the joint effort of our partners in overcoming the difficulties and favor landscape planning -- an expression that, little by little, is being incorporated in the managers’ vocabulary, and that expresses our vision for the future of the Amazon: development with responsibility and respect for nature. We did not give up the mission of researching and supporting research on Amazon biodiversity, of which we still know very littel about. We count on research and innovation to increase this knowledge and help decision makers. The valuing of the forest, by both forest and city dwellers, requires greater social control of resources by riverine and indigenous populations, farmers, and civil society in general. Environmental Education, capacity building, and mobilization of local populations are always present in our actions, in order to enable their participation in decisions affecting their lives. During the past five years, we have worked in various projects, though counting on a lean team. This publication presents the results of these projects. We have concluded this period with the belief that we are closer to the Amazon we want: where conservation and development increasingly belong together; its relevance is more and more valued by Brazilians; where forest people live with dignity; and that continues to represent a source of water and climate regulation for the welfare of Brazilians and all mankind.”

Ricardo Mello Amazon Program Leader

7 Photo: Zig Koch/WWF-Brazil 8 CONTENT

NATURAL CAPITAL

4 | ABOUT WWF-BRAZIL ENGAGING THE FINANCIAL 54 SYSTEM IN GREEN ECONOMY 6 | FOREWORD

RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION SUSTAINABLE USE 10 58 NEW SPECIES

ENVIRONMENTAL FOREST PRODUCTION CHAINS EDUCATION AND

SUSTAINABLE FISHING EDUCATION FOR 16 NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS 64 CONSERVATION AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TIMBER PRODUCTION CHAIN THE FUTURE 72 INTEGRATED LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT TRANSPARENCY CREATION & CONSOLIDATION OF PROTECTED AREAS 34 LAND MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING FOREST LAW 76

INNOVATION ARPA PROGRAM 50 20 62 70 WHERE WWF-Brazil WE WORK has regional offices in the states of Amazonas and Acre, and is working in very relevant regions for conservation in the Amazon Region – between June 2013 and June 2017, this region was divided into four blocks:

Guiana Shield: the Guiana Shield: this region is composed of continuous forests spreading across Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana, and Suriname, encompassing one of the largest tropical forest blocks in the world, with 90 per cent of its area still intact. The Brazilian part corresponds to over 30 per cent of the total, and it includes a set of 35 Protected Areas (PAs) and Indigenous Lands (ILs), besides Quilombolas Areas (lands settled by former runaway slaves and that were later acknowledged and protected). The Guiana Shield is important for freshwater regulation in the Amazon River Basin, and this region is under pressure due to infrastructure construction projects (highways, hydropower plants) and mining developments.

Acre-Purus: WWF-Brazil has been working in Acre state for nearly two decades, in partnership with the government, civil society organizations, and local communities. In the past years, collaboration focused on the Protecting Forests/Sky RainForest Rescue (SRR) Project, developed with the Sky British Cable TV, and contributing to the protection of 1 billion trees. With the support of WFF-Brazil, Acre state developed a Payment for Ecosystem Services Incentives Program (SISA) that is one of the most advanced experiences in the world to add value to ecosystem services. The technical-scientific cooperation is under the state government and encompasses the development of strategies for sustainable forestry, sustainable agriculture, low-carbon cattle ranching, as well as the strengthening of economic and financial instruments to add value to natural capital.

10 Photo: Leonardo Milano-ICMBio Photo: Leonardo

Tumucumaque Mountains National Park WHERE WE WORK

11 Although Acre state has 47.3 per cent of its area composed of Protected Areas, including PAs and Indigenous Lands, the surroundings of highways (BR-364 and 317) and rivers are impacted by anthropogenic pressures.

Juruena-Apuí: It works like a barrier to halt the expansion of the Deforestation Arch in Northern Mato Grosso and in Southern Amazonas states, at the frontier between forest and farming areas (both agricultural and cattle ranching) . The pressures come from land grabbers, loggers, miners, as well as from construction projects for large hydropower plants in important rivers of the Amazon Basin. This block includes large strict protection PAs – such as the Juruena National Park and the Campos Amazonicos National Park –, as well as Indigenous Lands, and the nine Southern Amazonas PAs composing the Apuí Mosaic. The Southern Amazon Mosaic (MAM) is composed of a total of 40 PAs.

Terra do Meio (Middle Land): Located in the South-Central portion of Pará state, Terra do Meio is composed

Photo: WWF-Brazil of the Rio Iriri Extractive Reserve (RESEX), Riozinho do Anfrísio RESEX, Triunfo do Xingu Environmental Protection Area (APA), Terra do Meio Ecological Station, Médio Xingu RESEX, Serra do Pardo National Park, and eight Indigenous Lands. Terra do Meio includes part of Altamira and part of São Félix do Xingu municipal counties. BR-230 federal highway (known as Trans-Amazon Highway) cuts across Terra do Meio between Altamira and Itaituba, to the North, and it is in the influence area of BR-163 federal highway (linking Cuiabá to Santarém).

Land grabbing and land conflicts in the region h a v e made the news since the 1990’s. The murder of the American environmental activist and nun Dorothy Stang, in 2005, triggered the creation of PAs such as Serra do Pardo National Park, where

12 WWF-Brazil carried out three expeditions between 2009 and 2011, in order to collect information for its Management Plan design, approved in 2015.

Construction works for Belo Monte - the third largest hydropower plant in the world – on the Xingu River, near Altamira, expanded the threats to the region, which has one of the highest – though little studied – biodiversity in the Amazon. Land conflicts were intensified, and the social and environmental impacts already seem even worse than the project anticipated.

ACTION AREA

Protected Areas Rivers and lakes

Amazon biome Strict use

State boundary Sustainable use

Other countries Indigenous lands

Conservation blocks - WWF WHERE WE WORK

13 Serra do Pardo National Park

IN THESE PRIORITY AREAS, THE AMAZON PROGRAM SEEKS TO Photo: Adriano Gambarini/WWF-Brazil

• Promote territorial management, taking into account the principles of biodiversity conservation, natural resources, and sustainable development opportunities;

• Support the design, improvement, and implementation of social and environmental public policies, ensuring greater civil society participation and governance in the creation of the Brazilian environmental legislation and implementation of actions by the federal, state, and local governments;

• Promote the engagement and mobilization of civil society to seek sustainable developmentand nature conservation, through Education and Communication actions, enabling the acknowledgement of the true importance of ecosystems and ecological processes for the quality of life of the Brazilian population;

• Influence Brazilian society in economy design, harmonizing economic growth with sustainability, as well as social equity and welfare;

• Produce and disseminate scientific knowledge among decision makers, seeking to improve decision making processes on environmental issues, and contribute to the discussions on environmental public policies.

14 THE GREATEST BIODIVERSITY ON EARTH

THE LARGEST TROPICAL FOREST ON EARTH Corresponding to two fifths (2/5) of South America

COVERING 49% OF BRAZIL’S AREA (4.2 million sq. km) Photo: Adriano Photo: Adriano Gambarini/WWF-Brazil

HOME TO 10% OF ALL GLOBAL SPECIES

5,000 TREE SPECIES 40 to 300 different species per hectare

40,000 PLANT SPECIES 311 MAMMAL SPECIES out of 100.000 plant species from South America

70% OF THE INSECTS in the Amazon have not yet been scientifically named OVER 1,000 BIRD SPECIES 1 out of 4 bird species 40% OF THE AMAZONIAN FISH lives in strict use areas have not yet been described or is a rare species WHERE WE WORK Sources: WWF-Brazil and Emílio Goeldi Museum (MPEG) Design: Quartzo Comunicação Design: Quartzo

15 SUSTAINABLE USE

Definition: “Sustainable use means the use of biological diversity components in a way and rhythm that it does not lead to the decrease of the biological diversity in the long run, thus maintaining its potential to supply the needs of present and future generations”. – Article 2 of the Convention on Biological Diversity, signed during the Rio-92 Earth Summit

16 Photo: WWF-Brazil FOREST WWF-Brazil supports the PRODUCTION CHAINS participation of Amazon’s traditional populations in conservation and land management. The organization also promotes alternative livelihoods that do not impact the forest’s delicate balance.

To ensure the development of extractivism, fishing, and community forest management as viable income solutions in the long run, the Amazon Program actively participates in the strengthening of the links in the production chains: from investment in, and improvement of product quality and capacity building in good practices, to articulation between sellers and buyers, seeking new markets and fair conditions to ensure income and production outflow.

SUSTAINABLE FISHING

Protecting Forests/Sky RainForest Rescue Project, with the support of British SKY TV network and WWF-UK, helped to fund the Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) Management Project in Manoel Urbano, Feijó, and Tarauacá municipal counties in Acre state, in Brazil, until 2016.

The Sustainable Fishing Project started in 2014, in partnership with the Amazon Fund managed by the Brazilian National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES). Together, both projects enabled the commercialization of six tons of pirarucu fish between 2012 and 2017, improving the income of local fishermen and riverine population in Acre. SUSTENTAINABLE USE SUSTENTAINABLE

Photo: WWF-Brazil 17 FISHING MANAGEMENT

PIRARUCU SALES generated a gross income of R$ 50,000 between 2013 and 2016 13 LAKES in two Indigenous Lands

6 FISHING AGREEMENTS were approved and another OVER 1.000 PEOPLE 13 agreements were benefitted directly submitted for approval and indirectly

50 FISHERMEN were trained in fishing management and 157 fishermen are involved in the Project Design: Quartzo Comunicação Design: Quartzo

Pirarucu is the largest freshwater scaly fish. In 1996, pirarucu fishing was prohibited because the species was threatened with extinction. The commercialization of the so- called ‘freshwater codfish’ – the pirarucu measures up to three meters long and weighs over 200 kilograms – is only allowed in the managed areas that are authorized by the official Brazilian environmental agency (IBAMA), through fishing yearly quotas released every month of July. Pirarucu is appreciated for its tasty meat and scarce fishbones. It can be dried and salted, providing an excellent source of protein for local riverine people.

Management ensures that some lakes are protected for natural reproduction of the species. During the rainy season, the water level rises in the rivers and connects them to the lakes, enabling fish migration and repopulation of other lakes.

Management licensing has also helped t o solve conflicts regarding the access to fishing areas. In the past, fishing stock decrease led riverine communities to restrict fishing in some lakes. In Feijó, fishermen were suing community members to gain access to natural lakes. Since fishing management requires fishing agreements, the dispute turned into partnerships, and part of the gains from pirarucu commercialization was divided among them. According to the signed agreement, 20 per cent of the profit goes to the communities.

18 The bilingual educational booklet (in Portuguese and Kaxinawa) on pirarucu management was designed together with the Huni-Kui indigenous people, who provided the drawings.

In 2015, with WWF-Brazil’s support, fishing agreements were incorporated in the state legislation, making way for Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification and international sustainable labeling in the future.

Also through this partnership, 12 fishermen are in charge of cleaning the lakes’ channels where fishing is practiced, contributing to raise the community’s awareness about the Pirarucu is need to maintain riparian vegetation along the banks. a name of indigenous In In Tarauacá municipal county, 25 indigenous people origin: take part in the pirarucu management. Starting in 2016, the pira (fish) and Kaxinawá Indigenous Land included in the project all of its 10 lakes from Carapanã Beach in the Tarauacá River Basin. In three and urucu, or of the lakes, the pirarucu management is already implemented. urucum, is a One of the lakes will be reserved for scientific research on the fruit and habits of this species. (a fruit whose seeds are used Project actions have strengthened WWF-Brazil’s partnerships with Huni-Kui indigenous associations, the as pigment for National Indian Foundation (FUNAI), and Acre State body painting)

Government. USE SUSTENTAINABLE

19 INNOVATION

SMARTPHONES IN THE FOREST Photo: Frederico Brandão/WWF-Brazil Photo: Frederico

In five communities of Feijó municipal county Urbano counyy, Guimarães found out that stocks in Acre, fishing management monitoring depletion was related to the ways of fishing, so he started in 2016, with the help of a mobile APP welcomed the project. “In two years, pirarucus that was specially developed for fishermen. reappered in the lake where the use of fishing They count, measure, and photograph what nets was restricted”, says Guimarães. they fish, recording everything through the With the use of the traditional Amazon Pesca+ (Fishing+) APP. Charles Guimarães, drag nets (malhadeiras), fishermen employ president of Feijó Fishing Association (Colônia a technique known as ‘dash’ (travessão): the de Pescadores), approved the APP: “It made net is tied to the banks and spread across the it a lot easier, ending that paper world, lake, or else it is tied to two canoes, in order where we had to fill in”. Collectors in distant to drag the fish. “The pirarucu has lung and areas wait for a trip to the city in order to breathes just like us, so it drowns. The little unload the information from Pesca+ into the ones died in five minutes, stuck in the drag organization’s computer. net, unable to swim up in order to breathe”. Guimarães recalls the times of pirarucu’s Between 2013 and 2017, fishing disappearance, something he does not miss. “It management ensured maintenance of the had been a long time since we had the pirarucu pirarucu population in the Envira River natural here. This fish disappeared in the 1990’s”, he lakes. In the Praia do Carapanã Indigenous said. Nevertheless, this is a floodplain region, Land, on the Tarauacá River, in one year’s the natural habitat of this fish species. When he period the number of fish increased by 25 per was invited by WWF-Brazil to a meeting about cent in the three lakes where presence of the fishing management, in the neighboring Manoel species was recorded.

20 27% to 35% of the rubber tapper’s yearly income, in average, comes from working with WWF-Brazil rubber Photo:

RUBBER

The restructuring of the rubber production chain in Acre required partnerships, exchanges, and training, in search for solutions to face the natural rubber commercialization bottleneck factors that are common to extractivist products: small scale, seasonal, and high quality market demand.

The Amazon Program introduced, to the extractivists in Feijó and Tarauacá, a technology developed by the Brasilia Federal University (UnB) for rubber processing without the use of smoke, thus enabling coagulation and vulcanization of rubber through industrial processes.

The productivity of the rubber tree plantation increased. Today, there are three types of rubber that are commercialized by rubber tappers: the coagulated latex (Cernambi Virgem Prensado - CVP), the liquid smoked sheet (Folha de Defumação Líquida - FDL), and the semi-artifact sheet (Folha Semi-Artefato - FSA). Through the introduced technology, the rubber latex is ready to be processed by industry, thus adding to the rubber tappers’ value.

An agreement signed in 2004 by the Taraucá Agroextractivists Cooperative (CAET), Acre state government, and Germany’s Development Bank (KfW) enabled the local cooperatives to carry out their commercial activities together with the extractivists. In payment for ecosystem protection services, rubber tappers get the market price plus a bonus from the government.

Between 2012 e 2016, over 30 tons of FDL from Feijó and Tarauacá were USE SUSTENTAINABLE commercialized , and the organizations are committed to buying the production. 21 FDL Rubber production and average family income (2011-2015)

10.000 9.118 R$ 3.500 9.000 7.929 R$ 3.191 R$ 3.000 8.000 7.228 7.000 R$ 2.597 R$ 2.500 (R $) g)

k 6.000 (

R$ 2.000 e 5.000 4.610 m

u R$ 1.500

o l 4.000 V 3.000 2.205 R$ 1.000 average income average 2.000 R$ 764 R$ 1.054 R$ 855 R$ 500 1.000 - R$ - 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year

Amazon Program/WWF-Brazil

AÇAÍ

While in 2009 Acre was unable to supply its own internal demand for açaí, in 2014 one association of rural producers from Feijó alone sold 57 tons of açaí to a company from Amazonas state.

The value of Municipal counties in Acre received support for the Açaí in natura organization of production, responsible practices, and the increased promotion of new markets. This enabled the production of by 40% studies about the species, a diagnosis of production potential, design of an illustrated guidebook on good practices, equipment donation, actions for institutional strengthening, and capacity building on collection and storage for the communities. WWF- Brazil has also promoted the exchange of experiences for extractivists to get to know Agroforestry and organic production systems, in Acre and other Amazonian states.

Road construction is associated with the increase in Amazon deforestation. Nevertheless, there were various benefits from the work for community development, such

22 as: quality increase in extractivist products and production planning; new connections among companies that are interested in sustainable development. The paving of BR-364 highway made it viable to commercialize the production from 78 families in the Ciganas Park Association. The buyer was a company in Boca do Acre, located in Amazonas state.

COPAÍBA

Copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii) oil, extracted in a sustainable Photo: Simon Rawles/WWF way, is used by the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. In Apuí, a municipal county located in Southern Amazonas state, approximately 400 km from Manaus, a partnership was articulated between the extractivists associations and the Swiss company Firmenich. The company created a fund and its profit share (dividend) payout was used for capacity building for members of the Association involved in the extraction of Copaíba oil in the forest.

The oil quality and the foreign buyers provided visibility to the business, attract ting two new buyers from Manaus. The appearance of competitors raised the price: the kilogram of copaíba oil went from R$ 7,00 paid by the middlemen in 2011 up to R$ 29,00 paid by companies in 2014. There was also an increase in productivity: Aripuanã- SUSTENTAINABLE USE SUSTENTAINABLE

23 Photo: WWF-Brazil

Copaíba oil is extracted from the tree trunk

Guariba Agroextractivists Association doubled its copaiba oil production, increasing the income of each one of the 15 participating families to R$ 1.280,00. In 2014, the minimum wages in the country was set at R$ 678,00.

Another copaiba management plan was introduced in the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractivist Reserve (RESEX), in Acre, as part of the project entitled Initiative for the Amazon Headwaters Conservation, funded by Moore Foundation.

BRAZIL NUT

With WWF-Brazil’s support, the Iaco River Valley Rural Producers Agroextractive Cooperative (COOPERIACO) acquired 20 tons of Brazil nuts produced by families from the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractive Reserve in Acre. Thanks to compliance with social and environmental responsibility, it was possible to help sustainable production in that Protected Area and ensure the commercialization of better quality product.

WWF-Brazil, in partnership with the Tocary Instituto, from Mato Grosso, also provided technical and financial support for production and storage improvements, as well as to seek new commercial opportunities for Brazil nuts.

24 Photo: WWF-Brazil

Extrativists started to organize and plan the production

Riverine population in Barra de São Manoel, located between Amazonas, Mato Grosso, and Pará states, resumed the abandoned activity. Community members are now processing and vacuum-packing Brazil nuts, and they plan on selling their production to tourists, within the scope of the Community-based Tourism Project, that is also supported WWF-Brazil. SUSTENTAINABLE USE SUSTENTAINABLE

25 AGROFORESTRY AND GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES

38% of the families increased their income through diversification of production activities and adoption of agroecological production systems

620 families in Acre received technical assistance and support to adopt agroecological 17% increase in areas practices devoted to Agroforestry Systems in the Protecting Forests Project

2.300 families are certiﬁed in the use of good agricultural practices and Agroforestry Systems in Acre Design: Quartzo Comunicação. Fotos: Lucas Silva/WWF-Brazil Comunicação. Fotos: Design: Quartzo

AGROFLORESTRY SYSTEMS AND GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES

Through Acre Government’s Certification Program, supported by the Protecting Forests/Sky RainForest Rescue Project, rural producers started to receive benefits to diversify their production activities and abandon land burning practice, replacing it by the growth of leguminous crops, such as velvet beans (mucuna). This crop fixes Nitrogen in the soil and increases fertility, providing good cover while protecting the land. Furthermore, this crop can also be used to feed animals.

26 Over 2,000 families were certified in Feijó, Tarauacá, and Manoel Urbano. They started to receive Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (ATER), productivity incentives, and a bonus paid for environmental performance. Furthermore, they also took part in practical workshops, exchanges among producers, and agroforestry joint efforts, aiming at the participatory implementation of demonstration units.

The adoption of good practices in the agricultural sector (including cattle ranching) was also a strategy used by WWF-Brazil in the states of Acre and Amazonas. To achieve this aim, producers who became multipliers were offered capacity building on landscape reform, rotation, and consort; on inserting trees within the pastures, and eliminating the use of fire in management. The organization also invested in the protection of freshwater sources and springs, as well as on forest restoration of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) located on the banks of streams and rivers.

The Amazon Headwater Conservation Initiative Project,

Design: Quartzo Comunicação. Fotos: Lucas Silva/WWF-Brazil Comunicação. Fotos: Design: Quartzo implemented by WWF-Brazil and partners for Amazon rivers protection, has also promoted the recovery of degraded areas. This was achieved through nurseries for native seedlings and Agroforestry Systems implementation in the Cazumbá- Extractive Reserve Iracema RESEX, Macauã and São Francisco National Forests, is the only way out and Chico Mendes RESEX, in Acre. to prevent Amazon “from disappearing.” COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT – Chico Mendes

Presently, a large part of the timber production in the Amazon comes from non-sustainable logging. To minimize impacts from timber exploration, science developed a set of techniques enabling the use of the forest with low environmental impact. Forest

management eenables forest recovery after exploration. It ensures USE SUSTENTAINABLE

27 Photo: Flavio Quental/WWF-Brazil Photo: Flavio

Restoration through agroforesty

that few trees are logged by hectare, and after the trees fell, that portion of the forest is set to rest, in order to regenerate. It ensures that few trees are logged by hectare, and after the trees fell, that portion of the forest is set to rest, in order to regenerate.

The Amazon Program supports and assists the extractive cooperatives devoted to community forest management. One of them is located in the Chico Mendes RESEX, in Acre – the reserve was created after the murder of the rubber tapper union leader and environmental activist Chico Mendes. COOPERFLORESTA, organized in 2005 with the support of WWF-Brazil and partners, is an active cooperative, aiming at the promotion of FSC certified timber production chain from community origin. In 2014, COOPERFLORESTA and the RESEX’s Dwellers and Producers Association (AMOPREX) operated the first timber forest management plan in the Chico Mendes RESEX, producing around 3,000 cubic meters of certified tropical timber. Around 40 families were involved in this activity. In partnership with Acre Federal University, WWF-Brazil is also carrying out an assessment of the environmental impacts, in order to ensure fulfillment of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) required standards.

WWF-Brazil provides technical assistance to the members of the cooperative and helps them carry out the received recommendations in order to maintain certification.

28 Photo: Adriano Photo: Adriano Gambarini/WWF-Brazil SUSTENTAINABLE USE SUSTENTAINABLE

29 LIVING IN THE FOREST WITH DIGNITY

Raimundo Mendes de Barros, better known as Raimundão (big Raimundo), is a cousin of the legendary rubber tapper and environmentalist Chico Mendes. His voice is steady and he speaks slowly, saying: “Today it is all very different from the time Chico and I were born. The rubber tapper is no longer a poor and pitiful guy with ragged clothes. We have shoes and clothes; our children go to school at the age of five”.

Just like native rubber, copaiba oil and Brazil nuts, certified management also ensures income for forest dwellers, helping them hold out the expansion of cattle ranching and pastures, while monitoring the 970,000 hectares of the Chico Mendes RESEX, a PA with over 40 entrance points permanently threatened by trespassers.

At 72 years old, Raimundão keeps up his daily routine: he gets up before the sun comes out, prepares himself a hearty breakfast, and leaves at 6 AM. Depending on the season, he goes off to crack Brazil nuts, or to the rubber plantation, or else to the forest management area, or even to the farm area, where he grows corn, bananas, and pineapples. The cooperative fetches the rubber latex and the nuts. And now that he owns a motorcycle, he rides to Xapuri to sell pigs and chicken. . “Previously, I used to buy goods from the boss, then from the packman; but now I go shopping myself. It is much better”.

WWF-Brazil has been a very important partner of our movement. The organization works on projects with the RESEX associations, “promotes discussions, and forwards projects with the communities. This results in improvement of living conditions for the

Photo: Frederico Brandão/WWF-Brazil Photo: Frederico extractivists”.

30 TIMBER PRODUCTION CHAIN

The civil construction sector, once blamed for purchasing wood from deforestation, has decreased the wood used in building in Brazil from 30 to 3%.

Contrary to what may be expected, experts from WWFBrazil did not approve that. Besides being recyclable, wood stocks carbon. Furthermore, alternative materials, such as plastic and steel, increase the construction The new WWF-Brazil booth in a shopping mall is made with sector’s emissions. reclaimed wood and glued laminated wood (glulam). A decrease in demand does not increase the Photo: WWF-Brazil chances of preserving Amazon trees. On the contrary, it may facilitate forest conversion into pasture. In Brazil, the value of cleared (deforested) land is higher than that of the land with a natural vegetation cover. Large scale forest management for construction use is actually one of the alternatives for adding value to the standing forest.

Aiming at restoring the good image of wood and its responsible use in the building industry, the Amazon Program started to seek sector influencers to show that the change was not necessarily good for the enviroment.

To that aim, WWF-Brazil encouraged, both technically and financially, the creation of the Madeira É Legal Program (the Portuguese word ‘Legal’ means legal and it is also a slang word for ‘cool’, so the program name means ‘Wood is legal and cool’). USE SUSTENTAINABLE

31 The Program engages the sector industry with the idea of organizing and legalizing the timber production chain. WWF- Brazil experts started to participate in building and architecture fairs and show the advantages of managed and legal wood to architects and engineers, who are decision makers in the construction process.

In 2015, the Amazon Program, together with the São Paulo Technological Research Institute (IPT), launched the Brazilian Wood Catalog APP for mobile phones.

The APP, available for download through Google Play, is a handbook for alternative woods suitable to civil construction. It shows a set of 30 Amazon species that are not well known and have low commercial value, although meeting the same The QR Code leads technical specifications required by builders – besides not being to a website where it is possible to find threatened with extinction. An interactive version of the APP out about different has been exhibited in fairs and large meetings and conferences. wooden species suitable for use in civil construction The first survey on wooden species in Southern Amazonas was carried out in 2015, together with the Amazonas Environmental Protection Institute (IPAAM) through the Brazil Water Project. The most common species in the region are presented in a pocket format publication, targeted at lumberjacks, footpath openers/ leaders (mateiros), plant identifier botanists, and forest sector 1 cubic entrepreneurs. The publication is also distributed to technical meter (m³) staff and operators dealing with environmental licensing and of wood stocks patrolling in Apuí, Lábrea, and Humaitá municipal counties. 1 ton of carbon, The species pocket handbook is useful to inspectors/patrollers, in average because the same species are identified with different names, depending on the region. Recognizing the characteristics of each one of them helps to patrol and avoids fraud in transportation and commercialization.

New technology, such as the glued laminated timber - glulam (wood laminations bonded together with glue, providing

32 a piece that can be shaped and curved, even in large structures), are also publicized for the sector’s professionals.

In contrast to paper and pulp industry, timber sector is poorly organized. Part of the industry with a legal operation and forest management is punished by excessive bureaucracy. The development of a National Forum of Forest Based Activities (FNBF), including developing every possible link in the wood industry chain, became a priority for WWF-Brazil.

Today the timber processing industry, concentrated in the Center and South of Brazil, can also be developed in the Amazon region, adding value to the basic product. Mato Grosso state has shown interest and WWF-Brazil is developing a strategy, together with the Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT), the São Carlos unit of São Paulo State University (USP/São Carlos), Over 35,000 the Brazilian Agricultural Research Agency (EMBRAPA), and people have the Brazilian Support Service to Small and Micro Business (SEBRAE), in order to reveal which native species can be already explored through the use of new technology, such as the glued participated in laminated wood (glulam). Acre and Pará states will follow in the talks, fairs, and near future. other events where WWF- Identification of companies that are legally operating requires wood tracking. In order to ensure the integrity of Brazil promoted partners, WWF-Brazil is making use of Rio’s Environmental the use of legal Stock Exchange (BVRio) – it combines data from satellite timber images with analysis of species on the ground in the region of origin. In the future, auditing will allow the creation of a registry of responsible wood suppliers.

WWF-Brazil produced a series of five videos, targeted at the final consumer, explaining how to explore the forest in a responsible way. These videos alredy had over 650,000 visualizations, and they can be accessed at wwf.org.br/

madeiraelegal USE SUSTENTAINABLE

33 Photo: Lucas Silva/WWF-Brasi

INTEGRATED LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT

A universal definition of sustainable landscape is not yet existent. Nevertheless, WWF-Brazil accepts the following definition: “A form of territorial management involving the collaboration among the multiple stakeholders, with the aim of achieving sustainable landscapes. The governance structure, size, scope, and the number of partners may vary. The cooperation level can also go from information sharing and consultation to more formal models, with joint decision and implementation processes”. (The Sustainable Landscapes Little Book, WWF-Brazil and partners, 2015)

34 Photo: Lucas Silva/WWF-Brasi or reviewforPAs intheAmazonregion. actively participatedinover10managementplansdesign and aSustainableDevelopmentReserve.Ithasalso In 2013itcontributedtothecreationofaWildlifeRefuge county, inSoutheasternPará state(Terra doMeio). the creationoftwoPAs inSenatorJoséPorfíriomunicipal of ProtectedAreas(PAs) inBrazil.Ithascontributedto support thecreation,implementation,andconsolidation Park, locatedinthestates ofMatoGrosso(60%)andAmazonas(40%). Juruena National at the conservation agency), federal Conservation (ICMBio, the for Biodiversity Institute Mendes Chico the by work carriedout the Germany, tohelp WWF- from funds with built station, floating a even and machines, crushing nut professionals workinginthisfield: in 2014. WWF-Brazil in arecent concluded It wasrecorded publication, aimedat entitled project through the management process,andofferssupportforthecreationofAdvisoryBoards. the participationoflocalcommunitiesin WWF andencourages also facilitates building, organizing workshopsformanagerscapacity of naturalresources).Besides use management plans(throughrestrictionsandactionsforthe the order tosupport PAs’ physical, biological,andsocialenvironment, and researchonthe in diagnoses produces Amazon Programteam PAs, the new implementing help In orderto Whenever necessary, WWF-Brazil donates equipment -- including computers, -- including equipment WWF-Brazil donates Whenever necessary, Amazon, of PAsinSouthwestern the implementation with The experience PROTECTED AREAS CREATION &CONSOLIDATION Amazon HeadwatersConservationInitiative , was https://goo.gl/b58O1R of activitiesto develops aseries Amazon Program WWF-Brazil’s

35 LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT JURUENA NATIONAL PARK: Photo: Osvaldo Barassi Gajardo/WWF-Brazil Barassi Photo: Osvaldo

A FLOATING STATION human resources, considering what they can TO BUILD BRIDGES add to the interaction with local society”. The ICMBio team in charge of the Juruena WWF-Brazil supported the creation of National Park, encompassing nearly the Park in 2006 by means of an expedition 2 million hectares, is stationed in Alta that helped to define the area. It has also Floresta, in Mato Grosso state, and disposes given support to the management plan of telephones and internet. With a capacity design and, afterwards, to mobilize and for 20 people, the floating station was create the Advisory Board, composed jointly planned and donated by WWF-Brazil of federal, state, and local agencies, and with the support of WWF-Germany. This representing the production sectors – such floating station is the only ICMBio base in as timber and family farming –, as well the Park, and it has been used for research, as surrounding communities, educational monitoring, and patrolling activities. and scientific research institutions, and Docked at Barra de São Manoel and civil society organizations. “The Board is equipped with solar energy and sewage very active, and the Juruena NP has made treatment station, the floating station progress in management aspects, because it serves as venue for meetings with the accomplished the implementation steps.” community and it will become a Center of Besides Barra community, there is Environmental Information, equipped with another one further North (Colares) and also a library and internet access to be shared an indigenous community within the Park with local dwellers. (Pontal). Considering that transportation in The head of the park, Lourdes Iarema, this region occurs on the river, the floating stresses that “partnerships, such as the one station “is much more than a base for us. It we have with WWF-Brazil, are crucial. Not is the gateway to visitors and the channel for just in financial terms, but also in terms of involving local society” states Lourdes Iarema.

36 houses in the vicinity. Finally, with WWF- vicinity. Finally, with in the houses fishing sport guest two by explored was that business, the to switch a considering already were money”. Therefore,dwellers no had we and machines, requiring difficult, community leader. a Luís Mendes, recalls a dialogue”, establish us anything justbyarguing. They helped not goingtoaccomplish that wewere us see helped and ICMBio, with conflicts early the during present community. Theywere the park inthearea. the creationofastrictprotection welcome not did miners nearby.Thecommunity illegal the for sales fish and channel, river the from mining gold illegal the of incomewas source main community’s Park, National the the of and of creation Pires Rivers. time At the Teles Juruena of confluence the after right River banks, in SouthernAmazonas state, Tapajós on the 400 inhabitants.Itislocated riverine communityhas Barra São Manoel de FROM ENEMYTOALLY PRACTICE DEVELOPMENT IN ACTION AND Mendes says that gold “was becoming “was gold says that Mendes – “WWF-Brazil wasveryimportant for nothing will”. plants, hydropower Park not haltthe does If the security. our Park is “Today, the Mendes. map”, says from the gone be will we exists), already a project (because plants hydropower build the a resource.“Ifthey and cooksweretrained. from localcuisine dishes menu featured harvest areas.The and Brazilnut beaches, sand waterfalls, boatrides,white dwellers: Brazil in2016. of group WWF- by invited visitors: travelagents first the accompanied also He Mendes. us forlongtime,”stated prepared here, andshe right consultant tourism was important:placedacommunity- they and entrepreneurship. and workshopsoncraftsmanship guidance offered were They generation. income for tourism asanalternative community-based chose advice, dwellers Brazil’s technical Dwellers started to see Juruena Park as to see started Dwellers the by defined was program The can seehowWWF-Brazil’s“You work

Photo: WWF-Brazil

37 LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT Photo: Adriano Gambarini / WWF-Brazil Gambarini / Adriano Photo: 38 Photo: Adriano Gambarini / WWF-Brazil of energyproductionin Brazilisreviewedandpublishedyearly. were notpartofit.Although itisatenyearplan, thedocumentforeseeing expansion Energy Plan and the two hydropower plants that would affect Juruena National Park projects aside.InOctoberofthesameyear, thegovernment announcedtheTen-year those put to contributed has it and potential, energy Amazon the of exploration the The campaignwasdecisive toincreaseglobalvisibility oftherisksassociatedwith found inthatarea. are only that or others animal species extinction 42endangered drive to could it Furthermore, migration. fish for vital – rapids River Juruena the of part large in the Park people surroundings andcover a be flooded would affect riverine and indigenous were likedby24,5000they The areato people. of preservingtheJuruena Park. In Facebook, relevance the explained in YouTube.Thevideos videos the watched Brazil alone,6,000 people and inEurope.In States Network intheUnited WWF by supported was campaign the English, Featuring veryshortvideosinPortugueseand Expansion Ten-YearPlan. Energy plants inthe (1,461 the inclusionofSaltoAugusto MW) andSãoSimão(3,509 MW) power against 25,700 signatures obtained online petition months, the two In just carried outexclusivelythroughsocialnetworks: Program started its first campaign first its started Program ofthreaten Amazon 40,000 the hectares, area an flood and – National Park largest in thecountry fourth Juruena NParea–the the plants in for twolargehydropower and environmental viability studies ready tostartttechnical getting that itwas government signaled In 2014, Brazilian when the #SOS JURUENACAMPAIGN #SOSJuruena “ projects. infrastructure due mainlyto The losswas than CostaRica. area thatislarger lost aconservation Since 2008,Brazil .

39 LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT TERRITORIAL “When there is a set of Protected MANAGEMENT AND ORDERING Areas, in different categories or not, that are close to, adjoining, or overlapping each other, whether they are public or private PAs, and when they compose a mosaic, the management of the entire set should be made in an integrated and participatory way, taking into account their distinct conservation goals, in a way to harmonize the presence of biodiversity and value the social biological diversity and the sustainable development within a regional context.” – Article 26 in Law Act 9,985/2000, creating the National System of Protected Areas (SNUC).

The Protected Areas Mosaics are acknowledged in Brazil as instruments for land management and ordering. Considering that the Amazon is an isolated region with continental size, uniting efforts regionally and integrating actions increases the chances of obtaining better results.

WWF-Brazil advocated for this model of territorial management. The organization supported the creation of the East Amazon Mosaic, in Amapá, in 2013.

In 2015, during the Brazilian Protected Areas Congress, WWF-Brazil launched the study on Integrated Management of Protected Areas: an analysis of the effectiveness of mosaics, presenting the results of a survey on mosaics in four Brazilian biomes, including Southern Amazon and Lower Negro River. Assessed aspects included governance, management, social diversity, biological diversity, as well as personal and institutional thoughts by members of the Boards of the evaluated mosaics.

Besides participating in the articulation of a national seminar that took place in Brasilia (Federal District) in 2016, gathering all the representatives from mosaics

40 to obtain recognition by the federal government. Together with government. Together federal the by obtain recognition to organizations and governmental institutions,hasbeentrying 2007, other civilsociety WWF-Brazil,Since with inpartnership 2011. in acknowledged officially was it and kilometers square Grosso, andRondoniastates.TheMosaic’stotal areais72,000 Amazonas, Mato of borders the across spreading other, each to Areasthatareinterlinkedor 40 close Protected encompasses acronym for MeridionalAmazon Mosaic) Portuguese (MAM, Amazon Mosaic Southern reserves, the development extractive reserves,ecological and sustainable in place took onthemosaicsinNorthRegion. March 2017 and itfocused one first The scope. regional a with meetings in thecountry,WWF-Brazilto organizing similar iscommitted SOUTHERN AMAZONMOSAIC(MAM) Composed of state and national forests, ecological stations, and nationalforests, ecological of state Composed Other Protected Areas PAs AmazonMosaic oftheSouthern Amazon Municipal countiesinSouthern hectares 7.2 million Areas and 40 Protected MAM includes

41 LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT Indigenous Lands, MAM provides a barrier against the advance of the agricultural frontier into the Amazon Forest, in the Southern Amazonas region.

In spite of pressures, large forest blocks are still well preserved, and they have been poorly studied. There are seven Indigenous Lands (ILs) in the surroundings, which add up to 5.1 million hectares, and they may join MAM’s integrated management initiative.

APUÍ

Various reasons led the Amazon Program to define Apuí as the key-county for the mosaic that bears its name and that is part of the Southern Amazon Mosaic: the Trans-Amazon federal highway, going from East to West through Amazonas state and linking Pará state to the rest of the country, goes through this municipal county; cattle ranching is the main production activity and it is expanding; and the largest agrarian reform settlement in Latin America is located in Apuí.

APUÍ MOSAIC

The six Mosaics of Protected Areas that are officially recognized in the Amazon

comprise over Apui Mosaic boundary Indigenous Lands 32 million Other Protected Areas (Pas) Pas in the Apui Mosaic hectares Strict Use PAs Sustainable Use PAs

Apuí Mosaic includes 9 PAs and 2.4 million hectares

42 Congress andsignedin 2012. National Forest Law, by the approved the about knowledge had little rural producers since environmental legislation, the of application and the Registry the of purpose the explain to talks. WWF-Brazil government representatives invited state to organize Environmental Registry(CAR),itpossible made Rural Union (SINDISUL), to jointhe enabling 184producers development ofcattleranchingandmeatproduction. compliance withtheenvironmentallegislationandsustainable idea wastoshowtheresultsandjointlyseeksolutionsincluding from thegovernment, theacademy, andthebusinesssector. The (IDESAM), debateswereorganized, involving representatives Institute forAmazonConservationandSustainableDevelopment chain inSouthernAmazonas, carriedoutin2014, togetherwiththe management model. conservation and landscape integrated the having inview chains, of production development and the of governance The partnershipwiththeSouthernAmazonas Trade Based onastudyaboutcattleranchingandmeatproduction WWF-Brazil’s strengthening actions intheregionaimat same period was 24%inthe national growth The average and 2012. 1990 between increased by72% Amazonas state in Southern herd The cattle

Photo: Zig Koch/WWF-Brazil

43 LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT The discussion on sustainable cattle ranching and meat production was followed by the presentation of indicators defined by the Roundtable for Sustainable Livestock (GTPS ) an important group of which WWF Brazil is a member of. The indicators serve as a tool to help producers and rural extension providers to identify agricultural production aspects that can be improved in order to achieve sustainable production. The potential increase in productivity and in income that can be obtained was presented to the State Government and to the Apuí local government. Furthermore, technical training on good agricultural practices was organized for several rural extension providers in Apuí county.

WWF-Brazil also promotes capacity building for the leaderships in various production sectors. Through the Municipal Environmental Council, WWF-Brazil helped to review the local Deforestation Prevention and Control Action Plan (PPCD), based on the federal plan for the Amazon (PPCDAM).

Southern A recent partnership with Florida University enabled the Amazonas capacity building of local leaderships, who then started to better is where understand the relevance of social and ecological systems, 75% of and of governance. The idea is to replicate the experience in the state Apuí, enabling the implementation of discussion platforms and deforestation deforestation reduction plans in other municipal counties in takes place Southern Amazonas. The Sustainable Rural Development Municipal Board created a technical chamber in the forest field, with the purpose of improving sector organization, encouraging commercialized wood legalization and tracking. The Board became a channel for the regional forest businessmen claims in both the state and federal scopes.

Capacity building was one of the demands that came up in this Chamber. The Amazon Program sought various

44 protection fromthePAs. or removalof area reduction stop concessions, canhelp particularly throughforest organization, sector the region; nevertheless, is stronginthis timber logging Illegal join thisinitiative. Humaitá, Manicoré, Novo Aripuanã, – should and Maués – suchasTapauá, Canutama, Social actorsfromothermunicipalcounties Lábrea, environmental office (SEMA-AM), aiming at the official creation of aForest District. forest productionchain, WWF-Brazil with Amazonas state is workingtogether demands andseekopportunitiesforprofessionalization. instances inordertoforwardtheir of political make use businessmen, whoshould businessmen. local of request the at entrepreneurship, and concessions on forest talks also were There planning. forest and identification, species tree commercialization, management, training incommunityforest partners inordertoorganizetechnical Tumucumaque NationalPark The JariRiverinthe In order to disseminate the Apuí experience in the governance ofthe inthe Apuí experience the In ordertodisseminate regional maturation of the to contribute will actions these WWF-Brazil hopes

Photo: Divulgação ICMBio

45 LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT THE GUIANA SHIELD Tumucumaque National Park Amapá state, in the northernmost part of Brazil, is part of the comprises some Guiana Shield Ecoregion, and 72 per cent of the state area is 3.9 million protected, sheltering high species diversity and endemism. hectares; The development path chosen for the remaining 28 per it is one of the cent of the state territory will be vital to ensure the forest block largest parks conservation. Its population is almost entirely urban, but basic in the world sanitation in the cities is below 40%. Problems like dumping grounds already impact the Protected Areas in vicinity of bordering urban areas.

RESEARCH POINTS OUT THE RISK OF MERCURY CONTAMINATION

In Western Amapá, the largest National Park in Brazil was the object of a study on mercury contamination of top consumed fishes in the region. The study was published in January 2017 by the American Journal of Environmental Sciences. Its conclusion is quite alarming: in the Tumucumaque National Park and its surrounding, 81 per cent out of the 187 collected fish contained mercury, and in half of them the mercury level was above the established safety limit, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) - 0.5 ppm (parts per million).

The cause for contamination is the use of mercury on gold mining activities in the rivers in Brazil, Guyana, and Suriname.

Five out of eight captured fish species had mercury levels above the safety limit. Fish is the main source of protein for the populations in four Sustainable Use Protected Areas and one Indigenous Land in the surroundings of Tumucumaque Park, and they risk being contaminated.

The study was carried out by researchers from São Paulo State University (USP), the federal conservation agency (ICMBio), Amapá’s Scientific and Technological Research Institute, and WWF-Brazil. The research continues to be carried out in order to establish whether there is human contamination.

46 and needs. the multipleinterests health, harmonizing and environmental economic development always aimingatthe in varioussectors, partnerships seek to the state. Italsointends landscape planningin the opportunitiesof with thedebateon continue contributing Program intendsto years, theAmazon well structured. verynot still is industry timber chain ofthe production The industry. timber pointed outgreatpotentialforextractivism,community-basedtourism, andthe In the following In thefollowing

Photo: Adriano Gambarini/WWF-Brazil conservation. Thestudy natural resourcesand betweenconflicts besides planning inthestate, welfare, andinstitutional production, conservation, State, mappedaspectsof Planning inAmapá Sustainable Landscape The research, entitled institutions intheregion. the participationofactive produced astudy, with the AmazonProgram2016 existing planningefforts, in To complementthe

Photo: Acervo WWF

47 LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT TERRA DO MEIO

The Amazon Program concluded its activities in Terra do Meio in 2016 – the year of creation of the Tabuleiros do Embaubal Wildlife Refuge and of Vitória do Souzel Sustainable Development Reserve, totaling 27,000 hectares. The new Protected Areas are vital for the Amazonian River Turtle (Podocnemis sp) spawning sites conservation.

Scientific studies, expeditions, and ecological and social assessments were also carried out to help design a management plan and provide visibility for the Serra do Pardo National Park – one of the most emblematic areas in the region. The Park comprises over 450,000 hectares and shelters 900 recorded species. It is located in Altamira and São Felix do Xingu municipal counties, and it is threatened by land grabbing. Even though it was the site of past year operations for cattle removal, this Park maintains over 90 per cent of its original vegetation.

While working in Terra do Meio, WWF-Brazil developed a series of actions in favor of the recognition of the Terra do Meio Mosaic. Together with other organizations, it worked to strengthen governance, social participation, and the consolidation of Protected Areas in the Southeastern Pará.

48 (SAF’s). and managementofAgroforestrySystems implementation the besides purposes, recovery ofPermanentPreservationAreas(PPAs)foreconomic the – including goals different with and contexts different in models restoration forest of creation the Environmental Regularization Programs (PRA) as in in the the states,aswell andthe Brazilian ForestService(SFB),aswellwithcivilsocietyorganizations. the environment for offices state the with partnership in exchange, and seminars, workshops, debates, WWF-Brazil promoted Amazonas states, and In Acre environmental regularizationofruralproperties. income generationopportunitiestogetherwiththe The aim of these discussions was to make progress in the implementation of wastomakeprogressintheimplementation discussions The aimofthese FOREST CODE WWF-Brazil, enabling carried outby implementation strategies The qualified

Photo: Adriano Gambarini/WWF-Brazil

49 LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT Photo: WWF-Brazil

ARPA PROGRAM

50 Photo: WWF-Brazil for protection,andmanagementprogramsdevelopment. carrying outspeciesinventoriesintheproposedareas Business Sectortothedevelopmentoffinancialplans, stages: fromthecreationofaWorking Groupwiththe funders), WWF-Brazilhasactivelyparticipatedinall designers. Together withWWFNetwork(oneofthe program onEarthandWWF-Brazilwasoneofitsmain hectares by2039. in theAmazon, anditachieved 98percentofitsconservationtarget60million Presently inPhase3, ARPAalreadycovers59.2 millionhectaresofProtectedAreas and MonitoringSystem (SAMGe)–thatmayalsobeusedfor stateProtected to developandapply anewmonitoringinstrument: theManagement Analysis Management, amethoddeveloped byWWF Network). ItalsohelpedICMBio third RAPPAM(RapidAssessmentandPrioritizationof ProtectedAreas In 2015, WWF-Brazilhelpedthefederaland statePAsmanagerstoapplythe Amazon.the in Areas Protected of assessment and monitoring,planning, their conservation agency)andtheBrazilianMinistry oftheEnvironment inreinforcing Ecosystem Services,andothersources,such asprivatedonations. for mechanisms, Payments compensation of help the with costs its all bear to able its contributionsuntil2039, Program be phase, Brazilincrease the will will when this In sector. financial the by used strategy a on based years, past in designed was In order to ensure ARPA’s sustainability, a transition fund (ARPA ARPA’sfor Life sustainability,atransitionfund In ordertoensure During thereportedperiod, WWF-Brazil supportedICMBio(theofficial PROTECTED AREASPROGRAM AMAZON (ARPA)

conservation tropical forest the largest ARPA is )

51 ARPA PROGRAM EVOLUTION OF THE PROTECTED AREAS IN THE AMAZON

2000

Rivers and lakes Protected Areas Amazon Biome Strict protection State border Sustainable Use Other countries Indigenous Lands Without areas supported by ARPA (2000)

Areas. While RAPPAM is meant for the entire ARPA area and it is applied every five years, SAMGe is applied annually, and it has a spatial component allowing managers to identify change in land use (forest conversion for crops or cattle ranching).

WWF-Brazil has also provided technical assistance for the development of an indicators monitoring protocol for the PAs included in ARPA, for the assessment of social and economic impacts.

52 2016-2017 Without areas byARPA supported in2016-2017(Phases1,2,and3) Other countries State border Amazon Biome Rivers andlakes Million hectares 2 0 PAs byARPA supported 0 0 Protected Areas 3 Indigenous Lands Sustainable Use Strict protection 2 24 0 1 PAs 46 0 2 5 PAs 95 0 2,2 1 4 Source: MinistryoftheEnvironment 2 59,2 114 PAs 0 1 7

53 ARPA PROGRAM Natural Capital

Conservation benefits are shared by society as a whole. Forests provide services for free – such as climate regulation, rainfall and humidity, biodiversity, carbon stocks, pollination, and even contemplation. At the same time, forests provide products like timber, fruits, latex, oils, and resins. This set of ecosystem services is the natural capital, affecting the welfare of society and the output of business companies.

54 Melonio/WWF-Brazil Photo: Fernanda Photo: Fernanda Melonio/WWF-Brazil Ecosystem Services(ISAcarbono). (REDD+) intheworld,so-calledIncentivesforCarbon Emissions fromDeforestationandForestDegradation creation ofthefirstsubnationalmechanismforReducing society. Anotheroutcomeofthisprocesswasthe peoples, universities,experts,andtheorganizedcivil business sectors,extractivecommunities,indigenous Services IncentivesProgram(SISA),involvingdifferent with theParticipatoryDevelopmentofEcosystem tappers. Theclimaxofthisprogramhappenedyearslater, with theRubberSubsidyProgram(Probs)forrubber up theprocessstartedbyAcrestategovernmentin1999, progress inAcre.Fornearly20years,WWF-Brazilfollows i.e., forprovided ecosystemservices. – activities forest impact low conservation through promoting for extractivists payment included It also system. agroforestry who quitlandburning andjoinedthe for producers extension CO2 intheatmosphere. ISA carbon, thusavoidingtheemissionof3.7 milliontonsof throughstanding trees billion 1 kept also program The 2016. around R$11millionweredonatedbySKY anditsviewersintheperiod2013- Protecting Forests/SkyRainforestRescue ProjectwasoneofSISAfunders– Payment for Ecosystem Services included bonus and rural bonus included Services for Ecosystem Payment NATURAL CAPITAL made significant capital has of natural The valuation by 30%to40% in Acreincreased average income extractivists’ and 2015,the 2005 Between

55 CAPITAL NATURAL Photo: Simon Rawles/WWF

Over 2,300 families engaged in the Acre Certification Program. They received technical assistance, production incentives, and a forest bonus in exchange to stop burning the land. The photo shows a family farmer who obtained three corn harvests in a single year.

A study by In order to increase social control over the Ecosystem Services Incentives Policy, a Validation and Follow-up State WWF-Brazil shows Commission (CEVA) was created. WWF-Brazil is a member that around 89% of this commission, where discussed themes include benefit of the subsidies sharing, social and environmental safeguards, and the paid to the farmers assessment of projects and signed agreements. Several other and extractivists public and civil society organizations also take part in CEVA.

through In order to help raise funds on behalf of Acre state, in Payment for 2015 the Amazon Program carried out an economic and Ecosystem Services financial assessment on the rubber subsidies in Acre, returned to the analyzing the impacts on the extractivists’ production and government via tax income, job generation within the state, and tax collection. payment The conclusion was: for every R$ 1 million invested, the return to the Acrean state government through tax collection was between R$ 876,000 and R$ 894,000.

56 of goodsandservices(ICMS),differentiatedmechanismsfortaxation. safeguards financial institutions, implementation of a green tax on commercialization financial mechanisms in order to strengthen green economy: social and environmental Brazilian Amazon,andWWF-Brazil. in the Environment Secretaries Forum of Brazil Bank (BB),the (IDESAM), the Livestock (GTPS on Sustainable Roundtable (CNI), the National IndustryConfederation the of composed creationofacommittee was the The result organized civilsociety. and the sector, business Brazilian governments,the from the Amazon state representatives Amazon conservationanddevelopment. for the natural capital valuation ofthe in the risks andopportunities the to debate (GVces/FGV Studies Sustainability andde-creasing bestpractices using greenhouse gasemissionswithinhis/herproperty. afarmer for rate interest differentiated a to include for instance may beexpanded, supply CAR requirementforruralcredit as and privatebanks. Criteria such by public made investments in the safeguards Amazon and implementation,theProgram to incorporate designseeks (PSA) policies Services government inPaymentforEcosystem the with working directly Besides IN THEGREENECONOMY INVOLVING THEFINANCIALSYSTEM In the coming years, WWF-Brazil wishes to support the implementation of In thecomingyears, WWF-Brazil wishestosupporttheimplementationof Amazon’ gathered inthe Business ‘Sustainable The seminarentitled for Vargas Foundation’sCenter Getulio the with made was A partnership ), Institute the Amazon Development Conservation andSustainable ) in order to organize a seminar, in April 2017, seminar, inApril organize a to in order )

Photo: Jorge Eduardo Dantas/WWF-Brazil

57 CAPITAL NATURAL RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION Milton’s titi monkey was discovered in a vulnerable condition, and it may be threatened with extinction.

58 Gambarini /WWF-Brazil Adriano Photo: and twofossilmammals. reptiles, onebird,18mammals, fish species;32amphibians,19 included 216newplantspecies;93 animal specieswerediscovered.Records showing that,from2014to2015,381newplantand biodiversity. InAugust2017, WWF-Brazillaunchedareport and thisreinforcestheimportanceofconservingunique nine countriessharingtheAmazonbiome(Pan-Amazon), study the Amazon fauna, flora, and ecosystems. study theAmazonfauna, flora, andecosystems. researchers andpartner organizations,inorderto of the participation with expeditions scientific Trombetas River(Parástate). may disappearifdamsarebuiltinthe in recentyears, livesinrapids, andit described first fish, piranha vegetarian actions bymankind. Forinstance, the the Amazon. of Many speciesarevulnerabletothe regions specific in period. Mostofthemwerefoundonly was foundeverytwodaysduringthat showed that, inaverage, anewspecies animals arenotincluded, thework Although insectsandotherinvertebrate The Amazon Program regularly organizes The AmazonProgramregularly organizes SPECIES NEW

4 BIRDS 378 REPTIL 1.29 ES 427 ALS AM MM PH A I discovered inthe are continuously Many species M BIA 72 NS 4

3 . S 0 T 0 N 0 A F L IS P H 0 0 0 , 0 4

Source:ARPA

BIODIVERSITY IN THE AMAZON Design: Quartzo Comunicação

59 RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION MILTON’S TITI MONKEY

This little monkey, having a grey strip of hair above the eyes and a long red tail, was seen for the first time in 2010, during an expedition organized by WWF-Brazil and partners in an area of difficult access, in Northern Mato Grosso state. Three years later, WWF-Brazil organized another field trip, the Milton’s Titi Monkey Expedition in order to find out more about this species.

Although it is quite common to find new plant and animal species in the Amazon, discovery of new mammals – like the Milton’s Titi Monkey (Plecturoce-bus miltoni) – is rare. This species was formally described in late 2014, on the Zoology Papers published by the São Paulo University (USP).

The discovery and description of this primate were the first step to ensure its survival, since the areas where Milton’s Titi Monkey is found are threatened by illegal exploration of timber, forest fires, and land grabbing.

The expedition mapped the area where Milton’s Titi Monk occurs, between the Aripuanã and the Roosevelt Rivers, until both rivers meet, in Northwestern Mato Grosso. It was verified that groups of this animal inhabit some of the Protected Areas where WWF-Brazil works, or has already worked, in the Apuí Mosaic. In the Photo: Adriano Gambarini /WWF-Brazil Adriano Photo:

60 being the large number of dredges (used for gold mining) seen in the Juruena River. in the mining) seen for gold (used number ofdredges being thelarge for that to below,theprobablecause of Pink wasconsidered andTucuxidolphins The number installed. plants arealready hydropower regions where comparison with the TapajósBasinrivershealth. up follow to a database of developing purpose the – with waterfall Augusto Salto the and upstream Tapajós River – bothdownstream of the stretches on two kilometers from WWF-Brazil’s Amazon Program and Mamirauá Institute travelled577 fluviatilis (Sotalia dolphin geoffrensis ) andTucuxigrey (Inia pink riverdolphin recorded known foritsflavorfulmeatandthesilverglitteronscales. fish, Amazonian migratory popular a is Brycon Park. National Juruena in region, waterfall Salto Augusto was carriedoutinthe The brycon(Bryconamazonicus)study Brazil organized the MigratorySpecies Expedition on theJuruena River this primate. preserve to need the to takeinto consideration them enables animal’s presence of the Brazil nuts. Theextractavists’awareness collect human dwellers where same forest Guariba-Roosevelt ExtractiveReserve,forinstance,Milton’sTitiMonksliveinthe There are no dams in the analyzed area, and the research may be used for used may be research area, andthe analyzed There arenodamsinthe The first The In 2014, in partnershipwithWWF Network’s Living Amazon Initiative, WWF- ) distribution, and made a first estimate of their populations. Researchers populations. their of estimate first a made and distribution, ) Tapajós River Dolphins Expedition , that also took place in 2014, , that alsotookplace

Photo: Adriano Gambarini/WWF-Brazil .

61 RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION INNOVATION

ECODRONES TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO CONSERVATION Photo: Amanda Lélis/ Mamirauá Institute Photo:

62 The use of drones in scientific research can ray of 180º. The recorded number of animals reduce costs and increase the accuracy of data is subject to statistical analysis to determine collection. In 2016, Conservation Drones and density and abundance. WWF-Brazil, in partnership with Mamirauá One of the difficulties in this method is that Institute (a research unit of the Brazilian one knows that dolphins follow fish in areas Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation of flooded forest (igapós), where boats cannot and Communications), carried out the go. With the use of drones, it will be possible Ecodrones – Amazon Dolphins Expedition, in to spot them in that kind of environment, order to develop a methodology through the making it possible to study their movements, use of drones for freshwater dolphin population and habitat use and occupation. monitoring. The team traveled 400 kilometers on the Juruá River, in Amazonas state. A film crew participated in the expedition and produced a web series of five videos, achieving Drones have already been used in conservation over 1 million viewers in the internet. The – for elephant protection in Africa, for instance. expedition videos can be accessed at http:// Nonetheless, this project innovates by using bit. ly/2uP5XYW this technology to build a census through the calculation of dolphin population density. The absence of populational data makes it difficult to design conservation strategies. During the expedition, the team counted Both the Pink dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) and dolphins by visualization and also through the Tucuxi dolphin (Sotalia luviatilis) appear the videos showing images captured by in the Red List of Threatened Species of the drones. After comparing the information International Union for Conservation of from the videos with the information visually Nature’s (IUCN), although with “insufficient collected and recorded by the researchers data”, since we know very little about their (791 dolphins), they will define the adequate population and mortality rates. In Brazil, the parameters and develop an algorithm for the river dolphin is considered a threatened species. automatic identification of dolphins. The Ecodrones – Amazonian Dolphins Presently, 10 researchers are required to do Expedition is part of the Ecodrones Project, this work. They must stay put at the bow and launched in 2015 to boost the use of Unmanned at the stern of the boat, their eyes fixed on the Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in nature conservation. water, in order to spot the animals within a INNOVATION Photo: Omacha Foundation Photo: Omacha Photo: Amanda Lelis/IMamirauá Institute Amanda Lelis/IMamirauá Photo:

63 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND ENGAGEMENT

64 Photo: Simon Rawles/WWF Photo: Simon Rawles/WWF mitigate climatechange. peoples, besidesraisingtheawareness abouttheneedto cultural wealthofthecommunitiesandindigenous attributed tonatureconservationandthesocial of valuingbiodiversity, andincreasingtheimportance contributing toachangeofattitudesocietyinfavor part ofsocietyarevitalintheAmazonProgramwork, Here aresomehighlights: Amazon have hadcontactwithEnvironmental through WWF-Brazil. Education and childreninthe people of young of thousands component, andtens education has animportant publication in this described projects the majority of The great • • staff, andcommunity leadersfrom PAsintheAmazon and otherbiomes. Areas managers, WWF-Brazil’s environmental Protected educators, technical by attended during ameeting aimed atschools.The contentwascreated on ProtectedAreasHandbook Education Environmental the and distributed ICMBio, WWF-Brazil published with Together WWF-Brazil’s website:http://bit.ly/2u8cQkB at accessed can be project, andthey by the workshops organized during the people indigenous the by made were calendar the and traditions. Thebooklet and habits production community’s annual indigenous the of context the practices within on thecorrectpirarucu management Kaxinawá people Huni Kuin/ the guide in orderto designed were and acalendar booklet doCarapanã inPraia work and Kaxinawá)educational (Portuguese Land, inAcre,abilingual Indigenous management fishing the of outcome an As CONSERVATION DCTO FOR EDUCATION actions onthe engagement education and Environmental , with actions , with

65 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND ENGAGEMENT Photo: Lucas Silva/WWF-Brazil

• In Acre, the Environmental Educator Backpack helped several teachers to insert environmental themes in the Elementary and High School subjects. The Back-pack consists of a set of playful and participatory methodologies for teaching and learning. It contains various educational materials – flannelgraphs, a scale model of agroforestry (maquette), a set of environmental games, the Earth Letter for Children, banners, illustrations, booklets, videos, and the Environmental Educator Activity Book. Through the Protecting Forests Project, 184 teachers from 96 rural schools in Feijó were involved in a training program for environmental educators. They received support to qualify their Political- Educational Plans and were able to reach over 3,000 students in the local rural schools.

• Together with Cerrado Institute for Permaculture and Ecological Villages (IPEC), ICMBio, and

Amapá Federal University, Gajardo/WWF-Brazil Barassi Photo: Osvaldo

66 • mazonia.wwf.org.br/ To furtherinformation,pleaseaccessthewebsite: http://www.somosa- of actions,andtobringAmazonianthemesclosertheBrazilianpopulation. implementation ofmoresoliddigitalmarketing, inordertoincreasethevisibility Amazon talkingabouttheirrelationshipwithnature. Thenextstepwillbethe of aseriesvideos,showingparticipantsinWWF-Brazil’s projectsinthe launching and 5); (September Day Amazon the for page specific a of creation networks; subway systemlegacy intheposts insocial ; SãoPaulo Brazilians’ materials tothenewsmedia, organizationoftheexhibitionNationalParks: included distributionof of 29millionpeopleinBrazilandabroad.It audience social platforms. Between2015and2016, thecampaignreachedanestimated Launching ofthe#WeareAmazoncampaign, topromotethebiomeinseveral that arenotaccessibletomanyoftheschoolsandpupils. technologies on depend not to developed were activities proposed The School. this method. ThekitistargetedatKindergarten, ElementarySchool, andHigh Tumucumaque Park, inAmapástate. Inall, 10,000 studentslearnedthrough of surroundings the in counties different the in reality environmental and social specific the of analysis the on based designed were materials educational The and youngpeople, andtrainedpublicschoolteacherstolearnhowusethem. it producededucationalmaterialsaboutthePark’sbiodiversityforchildren developed theBiodiversityonYourBackProject , throughwhich WWF-Brazil

Photo: WWF-Brazil

67 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND ENGAGEMENT Photo: Osvaldo Barassi Gajardo/WWF-Brazil Barassi Photo: Osvaldo

MILLENIUM GENERATION IN THE AMAZON What are young environmental activists thinking and doing

In association with the Coca-Cola Institute and ICMBio, the Amazon Program launched, in 2015, the project Intercambiando (Exchanging) for Environmental Education, leadership and protagonist development in Middle Juruá Extractive Reserve, in Amazonas state.

Young people, accompanied by a monitor, participated in exchanges in order to get to know associations and cooperatives in other parts of the country, and learn more about strategies that they could apply in their communities, such as community- based ecological tourism, shared environmental management, association activism, Environmental Education initiatives, cooperativism, and management. Divided into three groups, they traveled to Xapuri and Rio Branco, in Acre state, and to Rio Grande do Sul state.

Raimundo Silva, who was then 23 years old, got to know a wine cooperative located in Caxias do Sul (Rio Grande do Sul State), in order to better understand the possibilities for cooperation. What impressed him the most was the value attributed

68 understand thereasonswhy,helpingthemmake asecondtry”. try to here and, together, as itwashere.Wewanttobringyoungpeople successful was notas the project also wanttogoacommunity where interest. “Thistimewe kit inmoreschools,proposingareprintofthematerialsthattheyhaveproduced. they are now negotiating with the State Office for Education, for the adoption of the previous times. not occurin did that – something to theirmembers and cooperativeisaccountable organizations. RESEX,every association of theToday,in the professionalization greater to develop learned andstarted shared whatthey The youngpeople of thembecamememberslocalassociationsandcooperatives. (CNS). Many National Council Population Extractive works inthe Raimundo now adopted asEnvironmentalEducationmaterialbyseverallocalschools. Notebook, amemorygame,andpuzzle.Thekitwas guide, aYoungEducator progress withoutforgettingourpast.” can alwaysmake came backknowing thatwe wine”. AccordingtoRaimundo, “we produce to started they very highly,so parents’ culture their value advanced; they more are much they that realized Sul, we arrived inRioGrandedo When we created. was Reserve Extractive and the plantations rubber the left owners the after organized, it waswell memberstotraditions:“Wethought cooperative by theyoung Raimundo is also leading a second Exchange project and funders have shown and funders project Exchange a second leading also Raimundo is a projectand In designed their freetime,Raimundo and someofhiscolleagues transparency. increased the Raimundo, was to according main progress, the But teachers. became participants the of some concluded, was project the After a comicbook,pocket into severalproducts: converted was The experience

69 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND ENGAGEMENT INNOVATION Photo: WWF-Brazil/Collection

70 APP HELPS FIGHT THE AEDES AEGYPTI MOSQUITO

Besides being a public health problem, Only 30 per cent of the Brazilian municipal Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya – diseases counties monitor mosquito populations, and transmitted by Aedes aegypti – are also the engagement of the human population can related to environmental issues. Problems increase it substantially. Knowing where the such as deforestation and global warming hotspots are, authorities in charge will be able contribute to the mosquito proliferation in to target their fight efforts. urban areas. In 2016, WWF-Brazil’s AeTrapp The trap is called aetrap and it enables Project was among the top 10 winners of the citizen to participate in the mosquito Googles’ Social Impact Challenge. monitoring. It is made of PET bottles filled with AeTrapp consists of a low cost, homemade water and a paper palette partially dipped in trap to capture the mosquitoes’ eggs. Through water, acting as bait for the mosquito females a mobile APP, photos are sent to a website to lay their eggs. where the eggs are automatically counted The pilot program started in May 2017, and incorporated to an open database. This in Rio Branco (Acre capital city). After a test data-base, in turn, feeds into a map where period, the APP will be accessible to the entire one can identify the location of the more country. The APP will be available for IOS and severe hotspots of mosquito proliferation, Android mobile phones at the website http:// and share the received information. www.aetrapp.org/ Through the use of AeTrapp, it will be possible to compare the presence of mosquitoes in different locations, thus facilitating the planning of epidemiological surveillance operations. INNOVATION Photo: James Gathany/USCDCP Photo: James Photo: Oda Scatolini

71 THE FUTURE

72 Photo: Adriano Gambarini/WWF-Brazil Photo: Adriano Gambarini/WWF-Brazil and Roraima. and theyhavealsoreachedthestatesofPará,Amapá into NorthernMatoGrossoandSouthernRondonia, immense soy bean fields in the Cerrado have expanded disorderly growingcities.Inthepastdecade, hydropower plants;largehumansettlements;and degraded; oremines;waterreservoirsforlarge occurs toclearthewayforpastures,thataremostly 20% ofthelargesttropicalforestinplanet.This meal table and to people’s life. The organization of the production chains and their chains production the organization of The life. people’s to and table meal markets, must reachregional andglobal taking biodiversity tothe production Forest up. scale to is years five next the for challenge Our level. local a at felt were impacts communities. Themajorityofthe chains andactivitiestostrengthen production becoming extinct. risk of at is that all – knowledge and cultures, number of a countless Earth, besides biodiversity on the greatest in theatmosphere.Furthermore, the region shelters for circulating humidity it isresponsible its greatcarbonstorage,butalsobecause planet. TheAmazon is importantnotonlyfor entire inthe as people country. Aswell the of and South Southeast as the regions, such Brazilians indistant including generations, for future change impact fromclimate lesser Amazon meanstoensure Amazon. the of the To preserve future The futureofmankindlinkedtothe is intimately During the past five years, we have worked a lot with the development of thedevelopment with a lot worked we have years, five past the During FIVE YEARS THE NEXT

felling ofalmost witnessed the years wehave In lessthan50

73 THE FUTURE connection to good practices is one of the most effective ways of fighting illegality in products such as wood.

In an economic crisis scenario, where the government is weakened and easily gives in to pressures against the sustainable development model that we advocate for and believe in, it is very important to increase the participation of society in governance. Strengthening social organizations, mobilizing the population for the environmental agenda, and increasing participation in decision making are also priorities for WWF-Brazil’s Photo: Adriano Photo: Adriano Gambarini/WWF-Brazil Amazon Program.

Setbacks in the environmental legislation impact the Amazon and, at the same time, effect urban parks in São Paulo. Brazilians must become informed and learn about the setbacks that are taking place. It is up to us, Brazilians, to decide whether we are going to consolidate our economy as an exporter of lowvalue added products, while concentrating the income and the resources in the hands of a few, turning the Amazon into a mineral and meat exporter to the world. What we do is to work to make the forest into a great economic machine for millions of people in the Amazon, and that is what Photo: Adriano Photo: Adriano Gambarini/WWF-Brazil we will prioritize.

74 natural resourcesthat noothercountryintheworldhas. planet.Brazil terrestrial partofthe must beproudofhavingthisdiversityand the of mankind on asset greatest economy.TheAmazon is the to a decarbonized out help Brazil economy.Radicalchangepoints a powerin this newgreen to become will that conservation, and ecosystem in this our naturalcapital, investing preserves that model of adevelopment forest, butalsobeassured of the magic andbeauty the watersupplyforSoutheast? on effect true its be will what Amazon, the of part eastern the destroy we If Brazil? in increase desertification will much how this: demonstrate to crucial is research country. The of the future are alsotalkingaboutthe about animalsandbeauty:we are notjusttalking speak aboutnature,we food. Whenwe and accessible healthy of sources new besides biomedicines, of discovery forthe possibilities are unlimited DNA, there of potential discover the to when humanitybegins biodiversity. Atatime Our final goal is to ensure that future generations are able to not just enjoy the enjoy just not to able are generations future that ensure to is goal final Our its through opportunities great generating of potential Amazon hasthe The

Amazon ProgramLeader Ricardo Mello

Photo: Adriano Gambarini/WWF-Brazil

75 THE FUTURE TRANSPARENCY

REVENUE Period: July 2013 to June 2017*

ANUAL BUDGET (R$)

20.000.000 18.000.000 16.000.000 14.000.000 12.000.000 10.000.000 8.000.000 6.000.000 4.000.000 2.000.000 0 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17

FY – Fiscal Year

76 July 2013to2017: companies that financed the projects of the Amazon Program in the period from organizations and are the our goals.These of achievement is vitalforthe work of theorganization in themissionand the of donorsthatbelieve The support DONORS

*WWF-Brazil followstheWWFNetwork’sfiscalyear,startinginJulyandendingJune. TOTAL WWF Network/International National Donors International Donors Source offunds International Mac Foundation Moore Foundation Ecosia BMU SKY OAK Foundation European Commission(EC) Source ofFunds

International 58%

National Coca ColaBrazilInstitute Google BNDES Gradual SantanderIUCN ABN National WWF Network/International R$ 29. Donations R$ R$ 4 R$ 4.094 81 7 5% .32 .16 7 37% 40.

6. .3 0. 0 6 1 9 8,2 24 54,0 , 6,4 9 07

WWF-International WWF-US WWF-Netherlands WWF-France WWF-Germany WWF-UK WWF-Switzerland WWF Network

77 TRANSPARENCY Photo: Zig Koch/WWF-Brazil

78 TEAM

BRASÍLIA Lucas Souza Conservation Analyst Ana Paula Silva Ferreira Moacyr Araújo Administrative assistant Conservation Analyst Etienne Lima de Oliveira Rocio Ruiz Controller Conservation Analyst Frederico Brandão Communication Analyst Lea Maria David Administrative Manager MANAUS Marcelo Oliveira Conservation Specialist Jasylene Abreu Marco Lentini Conservation Analyst Forest Initiative Leader Jorge Eduardo Dantas Communication Analyst Osvaldo Barassi Gajardo Project Manager Karen Pacheco Conservation Analyst Ricardo Mello Program Leader Lorenza Zanetti Conservation Analyst Ricardo Russo Forest Initiative Specialist Rayana Regina Nobre Pereira Administrative Assistant

Our sincere thanks to all members RIO BRANCO and former members of our team in WWF-Brazil and WWF Claudio de Oliveira Network, who helped in the Conservation Assistant design, planning, implementation Flávio Quental and continuous improvement of Conservation Analyst the activities listed in this book. Lidiane Oliveira Everyone’s efforts contributed Administrative Assistant for the achievement of the results presented in this publication. WWF-Brazil’s Amazon Program

200 million The Amazon River liters of water is the second longest per second are poured in the river in the world, with Atlantic Ocean by the Amazon 6,400 km; behind only River Basin the Nile River, in Africa

10% of the planet’s species are in the Amazon, and 20% of the drinkable water is here Dolphin, harpia, pirarucu, and jaguar are some of the best Amazon is home to known animal species from the Amazon 34 million people in 9 countries. In Brazil there are 27.6 million

Why we exist To interrupt the environmental degradation and build a future where humankind may live in harmony with nature www.wwf.org.br To download the electronic version of this publication, access: wwf.org.br/publicacoes