TUBITAK's Scientific Funds in Academic Entrepreneurship Context
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International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) – Volume-2, Issue-6,June 2016 ISSN: 2395-3470 www.ijseas.com TUBITAK’s Scientific Funds in Academic Entrepreneurship Context: Fairness, effectivity Elyase İSKENDER 1, Hatice Yasemin İSKENDER 2 1 Hakkari University, Hakkari, Turkey 2 Hakkari University, Hakkari, Turkey Abstract Academic entrepreneurship, traditionally, has In this study, a specialized entrepreneurship concept defined as a reconstruction at the universities. academic entrepreneurship, has been evaluated in the Recontruction contains the status of the way of context of TÜBİTAK’s Scientific Funding. Scientific transferring the information and the technology and technological research council of Turkey has produced by university to innovation or to a funded scientific projects for supporting academic venture[3]. entrepreneurship. In this study the equity of the Fund Recently, the entrepreneurship concept takes Distribution has been examined. For this aim the data place as creating differences with technical from TUBITAK for funds of 2011-2015 time span informations and commercial innovations. For this has used. Gini coefficients for every years in this reason, nowadays the concepts of entrepreneurship time interval has calculated with utilizing this and academic entrepreneurship can be used funding data. In addition to this funding amount per interchangeably. The goverment has to provide the capita for cities has examined to find the causes of formation, development and orientation prosesses of high Gini values. As a result of this calculation, the academic entrepreneurship in the early stages. Ankara, Kocaeli and Isparta cities are the most ruiner After a certain maturity, the role of the goverment of the TUBITAK Scientific Fund Distribution’s about the academic entrepreneurship is to control. fairness. Albeit Hakkari, Şırnak, Muş, Mardin and Academic entrepreneurship is developing Amasya are the cities which raises the Gini recently in Turkey. For this reason the goverment is Coefficient, with their short of funding. An transmitting sources to develop this economy. interesting finding is the funds sent to Tunceli has TÜBİTAK is the most important instutition been dramatically raised recent years, although its transferring this resources. geographic location. Besides this study is the first In this study, firstly, the entrepreneurship an the study in Turkish Literature which is examining the academic entrepereneurship concepts are defined. fairness of the TUBİTAK Scientific Funds And, explanotory statistical informations are Distribution with using the Gini Coefficient. presentating about TÜBİTAK’s scientific funds in Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Academic tables and maps. After, to examine the equality in the Entrepreneurship, TUBITAK Academic Funding, distribution of the funds of TÜBİTAK between 2011 Gini Coefficient to 2015 years, the Gini Coefficient has calculated. The study has finished by given study suggestions 1. Introduction for future, after mentioned the probable couses about Economy has been an battleground for countries the height of the Gini Coefficient. The calculated where the last 50 years wars are ongoing. For this TÜBİTAK Gini Coefficient in this study which is reason, creating economic value and accelerating examined equality of the TÜBİTAK funds commercial activities play key role to gain freedom distrubition is firstly utilization of Gini Coefficient and independence of societies. In this sense for this purpose in Turkish Literature. entrepreneurship concept is one of the key terms of new economy. Entrepreneurship is a new conctitution changed 2. Entrepreneurship the existing economic order[1]. A similar vision Shumpeter denoted that the innovation destroyed the Although the meaning of entrepreneurship is existing order and thus he basically characterized the changing with the markets technological shift, entrepreneurship as “creative destruction’’[2]. 390 International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) – Volume-2, Issue-5,May 2016 ISSN: 2395-3470 www.ijseas.com basically it is the scientific term which defines the 3. Academic Entrepreneurship tradesman’s converting opportunity to the end product and locating it in the market in a sustainable Knowledge Corridors has allowed aspiring way. entrepreneurs, gather necessary resources and Entrepreneur is a French Word which have seen complementary assets to produce innovations first in the french dictionary which name is resulted with commercialization[6]. “Dictionnaire de la langue Francaise” at 1437. At According to academic product oriented this dictionary three meanings of entrepreneur was definition, academic entrepreneurship is based on given. The most commonly used definition of the intellectual actor and an entrepreneur[7]. word entrepreneur in this dictionary is “Celui qui According to another definition academic entreprend quelque chose” an it means “the person entrepreneur is the scientist involved in the who undertake something”. This word has been used commercialization of his study[8]. in French literature since 12th century. Academic entrepreneur term includes a Etymologically the word has two parts. First part Professional concept. Academic entrepreneur is an is “entre” which means “entrance” in French. Second identity which is active in both scientific and part of the Word is “preneur” which means receiver commercial senses. Academic entrepreneur is a (taker) in French. The combination of this two parts bridge between academic and commercial describes a process of “making doors available for environments. entrance”. The entrepreneur is the person who finds University startups are contributing the a way to allow the product get into the market. economic development by generating economic Cantillon, in his study at 1755, not only gave the value added products. These value added products meaning of entrepreneurship but also implied the are: role of entrepreneur is developing the economies[4]. • Creating employment increasing the job Even becoming an entrepreneur has different opportunities meanings for people the characteristic properties of • Contributing to local economy entrepreneur has a common sense. Entrepreneur • Providing investments for university’s character has several common properties[5]: technology resources. • Starting the innitiative • Contributing to university’s applied • Reconstructing social and economic education. mechanisms to bring together the sources • Diversification of the researches • Allows the risk, uncertainty and potential • Diversification of the commercial failure. technology of universities. Factors affecting the decison of being • Decreasing the resource constraints for entrepreneurship are: Project elimination • Entrepreneurship culture in society • Produce huge commercial gain obtained by • Family structure and social environment little costs • Economic Factors • Increasing the brand value of the university • Legal regulations • Attracts succesful students • Legal, political, structural and administrative • Attracts academic personnel factors • Contributing to training of students by • Psychological factors providing research Works to them. • Education and the structure of human • Attracts new investments. resources According to Murray and Kolev, the nature of • Faith and value system relationship between entrepreneurs is seen in the center of the effective commercialization process[9]. The significant finding in Stuart and Ding’s study is if the university has academic entrepreneur faculty member, other faculty members in the 391 International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) – Volume-2, Issue-5,May 2016 ISSN: 2395-3470 www.ijseas.com university are more likely to become Table 1 Turkish Universities which established TTO entrepreneur[10]. (June 2016) Kenney and Goe’s study has pointed that Turkish Universities which established TTO Abdullah Gül University Kırklareli University Stanford has more entrepreneurship supporter culture Adıyaman University Kocaeli University than University of California and Berkeley[11]. Afyon Kocatepe University Marmara University Several university start ups are: Digital Anadolu University Medipol University Ankara University Melikşah University Equipment Corporation which was founded by Atatürk University Mersin University Kenneth Olson while he was working at MIT’s Başkent University Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Lincoln Laboratory, Wang has founded his company Bilkent University Mustafa Kemal University while working at Harvard computer Lab. Google was Bitlis Eren University Namık Kemal University Boğaziçi University Ortadoğu Teknik University founded by Stanford PhD Students. Turbogenset was Çankaya University Osmangazi University founded by Imperial College[12]. Dokuz Eylül University Özyeğin University Düzce University Pamukkale University Ege University Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University 4. Academic Entrepreneurship Environment In Erciyes University Sabancı University Turkey Gazi University Sakarya University Gaziantep University Sinop University Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs), Gaziosmanpaşa University Şehir University TOBB Ekonomi e Teknoloji Technoparks, TUBITAK’s Entrepreneur Innovative Gebze Teknik University University Index (TEIUI) and TUBITAK’s Scientific University Gediz University Trakya University Funds formed in order to develop academic Gelişim University Tunceli University entrepreneurship in Turkey. Hacettepe University Uludağ University This institutions