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Complete Dissertation.Pdf VU Research Portal An Intimate Revelation: Intercultural Bible Reading with Adolescents Wolverton, T.E. 2014 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Wolverton, T. E. (2014). An Intimate Revelation: Intercultural Bible Reading with Adolescents. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT An Intimate Revelation: Intercultural Bible Reading with Adolescents ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. F.A. van der Duyn Schouten, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Godgeleerdheid op woensdag 15 januari 2014 om 13.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Taggert Erin Wolverton geboren te Indiana, Verenigde Staten 1 promotor: prof.dr. J.H. de Wit copromotor: prof.dr. R.R. Ganzevoort 2 Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Motivation Overview and Structure Part One – The Context 1. Intercultural Bible Reading 1.1 Introduction 1.2 A Different Approach to Hermeneutics 1.3 The Ordinary Reader 1.4 The Biblical Text as Intercultural Encounter 1.4.1 The Value of Intercultural Bible Reading 1.4.2 Intercultural Bible Reading Groups as Contextual Bible Studies 1.5 Summary and Conclusion 2. Theoretical Frameworks 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Concept of Adolescence 2.2.1 General Critiques of Adolescent Theories 2.2.2 Physical Development 2.2.3 Cognitive Development 2.2.4 Psycho-social Development 2.2.5 Particular Characteristics of Adolescence in Eight Different Regions of the World 2.2.5.1 Sub-Saharan Africa 2.2.5.2 India 2.2.5.3 China and Japan 2.2.5.4 Southeast Asia 2.2.5.5 Arab Countries 2.2.5.6 Russia 2.2.5.7 Latin America 2.2.5.8 Western Countries 2.2.6.9 Implications from the Survey 2.2.7 The Concept of Adolescence: Summary and Conclusion 2.3 Understanding Culture 2.3.1 Defining Culture 2.3.1.1 Power Distance 2.3.1.2 Collectivism v. Individualism 2.3.1.3 Femininity v. Masculinity 2.3.1.4 Dealing with Uncertainty 3 2.3.1.5 Long-term Orientation v. Short-term Orientation 2.3.2 Understanding Culture: Summary and Conclusion 2.4 The Intercultural Communication Process 2.4.1 Effective Intercultural Communication 2.4.2 Globalization and Intercultural Communication 2.4.3 The Intercultural Communication Process: Summary and Conclusion 2.5 Spiritual Growth 2.5.1 A Difficult Task 2.5.2 Guidelines for Researching Spiritual Data 2.5.3 New Testament Metaphors 2.5.3.1 Agricultural Metaphor 2.5.3.2 Child Metaphor 2.5.3.3 Implications 2.5.4 Defining Spiritual Growth for the Study 2.5.5 Spiritual Growth: Summary and Conclusion 2.6 Summary and Conclusion Part Two – The Study 3. The Research Method 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Issues for Empirical Research in Theology 3.3 Problems in Researching Intercultural Bible Reading with Adolescents 3.4 Grounded Theory Approach 3.5 Applying Grounded Theory: The Protocol for the Study 3.6 Summary and Conclusion 4. Adolescents as Participants 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Summarizing the Experiences of the Groups 4.2.1 Brookwood Group 4.2.2 Malta Group 4.2.3 Crossroads Group 4.2.4 Bolivia Group 4.2.5 LaBelle Group 4.2.6 Yamato Group 4.2.7 Gateway Boys Group 4.2.8 Ben Lippen Boys Group 4.2.9 Gateway Girls Group 4.2.10 Ben Lippen Girls Group 4.3 Summarizing the Experiences of the Groups: Summary and Conclusion 4.4 In Search of Spiritual Growth 4.4.1 Learning to Read the Bible Differently 4.4.2 Learning to See Themselves Differently 4.4.3 Learning to See Others Differently 4 4.4.4 In Search of Spiritual Growth: Summary and Conclusion 4.5 The Role of Intercultural Openness 4.5.1 Yamato Group: The Highest Level of Intercultural Openness and Most Evident Growth 4.5.2 Other Groups with High Intercultural Openness and Evidence of Spiritual Growth 4.5.3 Low Intercultural Openness and Less Evidence of Spiritual Growth 4.5.4 Observations 4.5.5 The Role of Intercultural Openness: Summary and Conclusion 4.6 Adolescent Interpretive Themes 4.6.1 Dominant Themes 4.6.2 A New Christianity? 4.6.3 Adolescents Reading the Bible 4.6.4 Adolescent Interpretive Themes: Summary and Conclusion Part Three – Reflections and Implications 5. Willing and Able: Adolescent Theology 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Traditional Interpretations of the Parable 5.3 Adolescent Interpretations of the Parable 5.4 Implications 5.5 Adolescent Theology: Summary and Conclusion 6. Adolescents in Intercultural Bible Reading and the “Other” 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Concept of the “Other” 6.3 Adolescence and the “Other” 6.4 Contact with the “Other” 6.5 Encouraging the “Other” in Intercultural Bible Reading with Adolescents 6.6 Adolescents in Intercultural Bible Reading and the “Other”: Summary and Conclusion 7. Toward a New Approach in Youth Ministry 7.1 Introduction 7.2 A Current Critique of Youth Ministry 7.3 Characteristics of Congregations with Effective Youth Ministries and Implications for ICB with Adolescents 7.4 The Challenges and Opportunities of ICB with Adolescents 7.4.1 Challenges 7.4.1.1 Cultural Stressors 7.4.1.2 Loss of Groups/Group Members 7.4.1.3 Language Difficulties 7.4.1.4 Technological Issues 7.4.2 Opportunities 7.4.2.1 Enthusiasm 5 7.4.2.2 Engagement in Online Relational Connections 7.4.2.3 Access to Technology 7.4.2.4 Scholarly Focus 7.4.2.5 The Response of the Participants 7.5 Looking Ahead 7.6 Toward a New Approach: Summary and Conclusion Samenvatting Appendix A: Codes Appendix B: Group Materials List Bibliography 6 Acknowledgements I would like to begin by first thanking my primary promoter Prof. Dr. Hans de Wit who has been as wise, friendly, and kind a promoter and mentor as could be wished for. It is his question which began my odyssey of these last six years so it has been an incredibly meaningful privilege to have worked so closely with him in this project’s attempt to find an answer. I would also like to thank my promoter Prof. Dr. Ruard Ganzevoort, who has shown incredible patience and willingness to help, especially with this project’s empirical aspirations where the desire for specificity was constantly challenged by the reality of flesh-and-blood Bible readers. I wish to thank the faculty at the VU who have served as an inspirational chorus, and a specific word of thanks is due to Prof. Dr. Lietaert Peerbolte for his constant encouragement and knowledgeable guidance. To Szazi Bene and Srdjan Sremac, fellow sojourners along the VU dissertation path, thank you for your friendship, encouragement, and insightful conversations over these last years. I would also like to give my deepest heartfelt appreciation and thanks to those adults and adolescents who volunteered their time and effort to participate in the project and willingly shared the precious gift of their voice. During the course of your involvement some of you became parents, moved around the world, started careers, and even dealt with personal tragedies yet you never wavered in your commitment to create this shared interpretive space. This work belongs to all of you, and I pray that I have represented well what you entrusted to us all. I also want to thank those friends and supporters who have encouraged me along the way, who have let me write in their mountain cabins, lake homes, and spare rooms, and who were willing to say just the right words at the right time (including G.J. Stokreef who assisted with the Dutch summary). You are all important contributors without whom this project would not have been finished. Thank you to my parents who have encouraged and supported me and my family in all of our pursuits, steadfastly convinced of God's guiding hand and always cheering us to go ever “further up and further in,” and to Nana who has also never wavered in her solid conviction that God has been writing our story. Thank you as well to my extended family through my brothers and sisters (some by blood, some by marriage, and all a blessing) who have also very kindly never so much as rolled their eyes but instead have offered their prayers when listening to yet another story about some obstacle along the path of this journey. Then lastly I dedicate this to my wife and best friend Susan, whom I love with all my heart and who has continued to encourage me to do my best no matter what, and to my kids Ben, Anna, Graeme, and Olivia who have never begrudged the time this work has taken to finish.
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