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A Study on Gender Roles of Corinth Women in the Writings of Saint Paul

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A Study on Gender Roles of Corinth Women in the Writings of Saint Paul A Study on Gender Roles of Corinth Women in the Writings of Saint Paul A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Sociology by Melissa C Remedios Reg. No. 1530027 Under the Guidance of Maya M. Assistant Professor Department of Sociology CHRIST UNIVERSITY BENGALURU, INDIA December 2017 DECLARATION I, Melissa C Remedios, hereby declare that the dissertation, titled ‘A Study on Gender Roles of Corinth Women in the Writings of Saint Paul’ is a record of original research work undertaken by me for the award of the degree of Master of Philosophy in Sociology. I have completed this study under the supervision of Prof. Maya M., Department of Sociology. I also declare that this dissertation has not been submitted for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or other title. It has not been sent for any publication or presentation purpose. I hereby confirm the originality of the work and that there is no plagiarism in any part of the dissertation. Place: Bengaluru Melissa C Remedios Date: Reg No. 1530027 Department of Sociology Christ University, Bengaluru CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation submitted by Melissa C Remedios (Reg. no. 1530027) titled ‘A Study on Gender Roles of Corinth Women in the Writings of Saint Paul’ is a record of research work done by her during the academic year 2015-2017 under my supervision in partial fulfilment for the award of Master of Philosophy in Sociology. This dissertation has not been submitted for the award of any degree, diploma, associate fellowship or other title. It has not been sent for any publication or presentation purpose. Hereby confirm the originality of the work and that there is no plagiarism in any part of the dissertation. Place: Bengaluru Maya M. Date: Assistant Professor Department of Sociology Christ University, Bengaluru Victor Paul Head of Department of Sociology Christ University, Bengaluru ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am indebted to the following individuals and institutions for their help in my research work: I express my gratitude to the Almighty God for his immense blessings throughout my life especially during this critical period of my research. I am greatly indebted to my supervisor Dr Maya M., Department of Sociology, Christ University, for her scholarly guidance and tremendous faith in guiding me through this thesis. She has been a constant source of inspiration throughout this journey and has positively motivated me to pursue this research and bring it to completion. I would like to express my thanks to the Head of the Department, Dr. Victor Paul for his guidance and Former Head Dr. Prita Das Gupta, for her support. Secondly, I would like to thank my father, Mr Cyril Remedios who has always been my constant adviser, for his love, support, and inspiration for encouraging me to successfully complete my research. My heartfelt thanks to my mother for always being my source of inspiration and motivation at all times during my research writing, for her spiritual support and fervent prayers before every submission deadline and presentation. I would also like to thank my extended family, my aunts, uncles and sisters who prayed and believed in my ability to complete this project. Most importantly, I would to thank the love of my life, Kevin, for his constant moral support and encouragement, love and presence in my life. I would like to extend my thanks to Dr. Macquillian Moses for proof-reading my project. My immense gratitude to Rachel Priya Lewis for proof- reading and giving her valuable inputs for this research paper. I am obliged to the entire Team of UTC professors, SIACS and SABC for granting me permission to make use of the library, access the resource materials, and for providing detailed information about the nature of my study in regard to Apostle Paul and the Women of the Corinthian community which has proved to be beneficial for my research. CONTENT Approval of Dissertation………………………………………………………………………ii Declaration…………………………………………………………………………………....iii Certificate……………………………………………………………………………………..iv Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………….v Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………….…vi List of abbreviations……………………………………………………………………..........xi Chapter 1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………...…1 1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….2 1.2 Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………....7 1.3 Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………....8 1.4 Chapter Scheme……………………………………………………………...…………...10 Chapter 2 Review of Literature…………………………………………………………………11 Chapter 3 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………58 3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………59 3.2 Research Question………………………………………………………………………..60 3.3 Objectives………………………………………………………………………………...60 3.4 Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………...61 3.5 Scope, Relevance, and Importance of the Study…………………………………………61 3.6 Research Design………………………………………………………………………….63 3.7 Data Collection and Analysis…………………………………………………………….63 3.8 Limitations……………………………………………………………………………….64 Chapter 4 Life of Saint Paul and the Culture of Corinth…………………………………….…66 4.1 Paul’s contribution to Christianity……………………………………………………….67 4.2 Corinth as a City…………………………………………………………………………78 4.3 Contribution to the Corinthian Community…………………………………………...…79 4.4 Saint Paul’s view on Slavery in the Church of Corinth………………………………….82 4.5 The History of Corinth………………………………………………………………...…86 4.6 Saint Paul’s Correspondence with Corinth………………………………………………86 4.7 Description of the Corinthians………………………………………………………...…87 4.8 Commands to the Corinthian Christians…………………………………………………88 4.9 Warnings to the Corinthians Christians……………………………………………….....89 4.10 The Greatness of Corinth…………………………………………………………….....90 4.11 The Wickedness of Corinth……………………………………………………………..90 4.12 Saint Paul and the issues of Morality and Religion in the City of Corinth……………..91 4.13 Paul as the Embodiment of Christ the Charismatic leader……………………………...92 Chapter 5 Women’s roles in Saint Paul’s Writings…………………………………………...102 5.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..103 5.2 Feminist Analysis of Saint Paul………………………………………………………...104 5.2.1 Saint Paul and women…………………………………………………………….105 5.2.2 Feminist Reading on Position of Paul’s in the Epistles…………………………..105 5.3 Sociology and Theology………………………………………………………………..111 5.4 Social Values……………………………………………………………………………115 5.5 A Sociological Analysis of Apostle Paul’s instruction to the Corinthian Community…118 5.5.1 Leadership roles for women………………………………………………………118 5.5.2 Sexuality, honour and shame……………………………………………………..125 5.5.3 Incest, Purity and Pollution……………………………………………………….133 5.5.4 Marriage-Kinship pattern and group orientation………………………………….140 5.5.5 Attire, Dress code, Head coverings……………………………………………….144 5.5.6 Meals Rituals, gendered rituals, and social behaviour in public worship……...…146 5.5.7 Temple prostitution in Corinth- Religious morality versus cultural orientation of the Community………………………………………………………………………..152 5.5.8 Social Behaviour in Public worship………………………………………………157 5.5.9 Learning in Silence……………………………………………………………….159 5.6 Character of Leadership………………………………………………………………...162 5.7 Behaviour of Women…………………………………………………………………...163 5.8 Role of Women in the Church of Corinth and Reconstructing Models of Church Leadership in the First Century…………………………………………………………163 5.8.1 Reconstruction of Women’s Role in Church……………………………………..167 5.8.2 Deconstruction of Women being alienated from Church Structures……………...168 5.8.3 Equal Partnership………………………………………………………………….168 5.9 Women’s position in the Household……………………………………………………169 5.10 Sociology of Knowledge………………………………………………………..……..175 5.11 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………..177 Chapter 6 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….180 6.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..181 6.2 Limitations……………………………………………………………………………...183 6.3 Scope for Further Research……………………………………………………………..183 References...........................................................................................................................…...185 Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………….212 Maps Acknowledgement letters Certificate for Paper Presentation LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Jer- Jeremiah Isa- Isiah Job- Job Ps- Psalms Pr- Proverbs Da- Daniel 1Co- 1 Corinthians 2Co- 2 Corinthians Col- Colossians 1Th- 1 Thessalonians 2Th- 2 Thessalonians Gal- Galatians Eph- Ephesians Dt- Deuteronomy Php- Philippians Ro- Romans Phm- Philemon Vs- Verses APPENDICES 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Religion is a set of beliefs and practices regarding the sacred things that enable society to understand the meaning and purpose of life, and has played a major role in influencing the moral and behavioural roles of people as well as societal norms since time immemorial. Existing since the first century A.D., Christianity has been a dominant religion in western and European societies. Religion shapes and individuals thinking and creates homogeneity by defining the boundaries of one religion from another. Religion is often an institution that guides us and helps us to meet our spiritual needs, influences our thoughts patterns, and mends our mind sets towards a more rationalized approach. Religion guides individuals by creating a space and dignity for everyone (Fiorenza, 1983). Religion influences gender relations which vary across cultures as it is an important context in which gender is located. Religion influences people's beliefs and provides a
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