Decalog 2007 Proceedings of the 11Th Workshop on the Semantics And
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Decalog 2007 Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (SemDial 11) May 30 – June 1, 2007 Rovereto, Italy edited by Ron Artstein Laure Vieu 2 Preface We are happy to present Decalog 2007, the 11th workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dia- logue, ten years after the inception of the series in 1997. This year’s workshop continues the tradition of presenting high-quality talks and posters on dialogue from a variety of perspectives such as formal semantics and pragmatics, artifical intelligence, computational linguistics, and psycholinguistics. The appeal of the SemDial series is growing – this year we have seen interest from researchers in fields as diverse as language pedagogy, field linguistics, and sociology (unfortunately these people did not submit papers, mostly for technical reasons). We received 32 submissions to the main session, and each was reviewed by two or three experts. We selected 19 talks for oral presentation (of which 17 will be presented); the poster session hosts many of the remaining submissions, together with additional submissions that came in response to a call for late-breaking posters and demos. We are lucky to have four first-rate researchers on discourse and dialogue as invited speakers – Bruno G. Bara, Renato De Mori, Paul Piwek and Ipke Wachsmuth. They represent a broad range of perspectives and disciplines, and together with the accepted talks and posters we hope to have a productive and lively workshop. We are grateful to our reviewers, who invested a lot of time giving very useful feedback, both to the program chairs and to the authors: Jan Alexandersson, Maria Aloni, Nicholas Asher, Anton Benz, Raffaella Bernardi, Patrick Blackburn, Johan Bos, Monica Bucciarelli, Craig Chambers, Marco Colom- betti, Paul Dekker, Raquel Fernández, Ruth Filik, Simon Garrod, Jonathan Ginzburg, Joris Hulstijn, Elsi Kaiser, Alistair Knott, Staffan Larsson, Alex Lascarides, Colin Matheson, Nicolas Maudet, Philippe Muller, Fabio Pianesi, Martin Pickering, Manfred Pinkal, Matthew Purver, Hannes Rieser, Laurent Rous- sarie, David Schlangen, Amanda Stent, Matthew Stone, Enric Vallduvi, and Henk Zeevat. This workshop would not have been possible without the generous support of CIMeC – the Center For Mind/Brain Sciences at the University of Trento; LUNA – the EU-funded project on Spoken Language Understanding in Multilingual Communication Systems; and ILIKS – the Interdisciplinary Laboratory on Interacting Knowledge Systems. Many thanks to the local organization team in Rovereto, headed by Massimo Poesio and Alessia La Micela, who have invested an enormous amount of work and preparations to have the workshop run smoothly. Ron Artstein and Laure Vieu Colchester and Trento, May 2007 3 4 Contents Wednesday talks Invited talk: Neuropragmatics: mind/brain evidence for communicative intentions Bruno G. Bara ....................................... 7 A dialogue act based model for context updating Roser Morante, Simon Keizer and Harry Bunt . 9 Incomplete Knowledge and Tacit Action: Enlightened Update in a Dialogue Game Luciana Benotti . 17 Push-to-talk ain’t always bad! Comparing Different Interactivity Settings in Task-oriented Dialogue Raquel Fernández, David Schlangen and Tatjana Lucht . 25 Incorporating Asymmetric and Asynchronous Evidence of Understanding in a Grounding Model Alexandre Denis, Guillaume Pitel, Matthieu Quignard and Patrick Blackburn . 33 Towards Modelling and Using Common Ground in Tutorial Dialogue Mark Buckley and Magdalena Wolska . 41 Managing ambiguities across utterances in dialogue David DeVault and Matthew Stone . 49 Unifying Self- and Other-Repair Jonathan Ginzburg, Raquel Fernández and David Schlangen . 57 Incremental Fragment Construal Ruth Kempson, Andrew Gargett and Eleni Gregoromichelaki . 65 Thursday talks Invited talk: Embodied Communication with a Virtual Human Ipke Wachsmuth ...................................... 73 Annotating Continuous Understanding in a Multimodal Dialogue Corpus Carlos Gomez Gallo, Gregory Aist, James Allen, William de Beaumont, Sergio Coria, Whitney Gegg-Harrison, Joana Pardal and Mary Swift . 75 A Chatbot-based Interactive Question Answering System Silvia Quarteroni and Suresh Manandhar . 83 Towards Flexible, Domain-Independent Dialogue Management using Collaborative Problem Solving Nate Blaylock . 91 Implementing the Information-State Update Approach to Dialogue Management in a Slightly Extended SCXML Fredrik Kronlid and Torbjörn Lager . 99 Invited talk: Recent advances in spoken language understanding Renato De Mori ...................................... 107 Coordinating on ad-hoc semantic systems in dialogue Staffan Larsson . 109 5 Friday talks Invited talk: Dialogue Games for Crosslingual Communication Paul Piwek, David Hardcastle and Richard Power ................... 117 Between “cost” and “default”: a new approach to Scalar Implicature Francesca Foppolo . 125 Incredulity Questions Ariel Cohen . 133 Group Dialects in an Online Community Pat Healey, Carl Vogel and Arash Eshghi . 141 Incremental understanding in human-computer dialogue and experimental evidence for ad- vantages over nonincremental methods Gregory Aist, James Allen, Ellen Campana, Carlos Gomez Gallo, Scott Stoness, Mary Swift and Michael Tanenhaus . 149 Posters and demos A Game-Based Strategy for Optimizing Agents’ Argumentation in Deliberation Dialogues Gemma Bel and M. Dolores Jiménez-López . 155 The Fyntour Multilingual Weather and Sea Dialogue System Eckhard Bick and Jens Ahlmann Hansen . 157 Dialog OS: an extensible platform for teaching spoken dialogue systems Daniel Bobbert and Magdalena Wolska . 159 Complex Taxonomy Dialogue Act Recognition with a Bayesian Classifier Mark Fishel . 161 Default preferences in donkey anaphora resolution Francesca Foppolo . 163 Discourse Management in Voice Systems for Accessing Web Services Marta Gatius and Meritxell González . 165 Adaptation of the use of colour terms in referring expressions Markus Guhe and Ellen Bard . 167 A Platform for Designing Multimodal Dialogic and Presentation Strategies Meriam Horchani, Dominique Fréard, Eric Jamet, Laurence Nigay and Franck Panaget . 169 Adapting a Statistical Dialog Model for a New Domain Lluís F. Hurtado, David Griol, Encarna Segarra and Emilio Sanchis . 171 An empirical study on detection and prediction of topic shifts in information seeking chats Hiroshi Ichikawa and Takenobu Tokunaga . 173 Collaboration in Peer Learning Dialogues Cynthia Kersey, Barbara Di Eugenio, Pamela Jordan and Sandra Katz . 175 The BoB IQA System: a Domain Expert’s Perspective Manuel Kirschner . 177 Ambrosio: The MIMUS talking head Pilar Manchón, Antonio Ávila, David Ávila, Guillermo Pérez and Gabriel Amores . 179 Semi-automated testing of real world applications in non-menu-based dialogue systems Pilar Manchón, Guillermo Pérez, Gabriel Amores and Jesús González . 181 Enhancing System Communication through Synthetic Characters Elena Not, Koray Balci, Fabio Pianesi and Massimo Zancanaro . 183 The LUNA Corpus: an Annotation Scheme for a Multi-domain Multi-lingual Dialogue Corpus Christian Raymond, Giuseppe Riccardi, Kepa Joseba Rodriguez and Joanna Wisniewska 185 Adapting Combinatory Categorial Grammars in a Framework for Health Care Dialogue Sys- tems Lina Maria Rojas . 187 Automatic Discourse Segmentation using Neural Networks Rajen Subba and Barbara Di Eugenio . 189 6 Decalog 2007: Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, page 7. Trento, Italy, 30 May – 1 June 2007. Edited by Ron Artstein and Laure Vieu. Neuropragmatics: Mind/brain evidence for communicative intentions. Bruno G. Bara Center for Cognitive Science University and Polytechnic of Turin [email protected] Keyword: communication; pragmatics; intention; social brain. Human beings are genetically designed in order to maximize their capacity for social interaction. At birth they already possess complex primitives (like sharedness) which allow them to master communication far beyond other animals’ ability. The most important primitive for communication is communicative intention, which may be formally defined (Bara, 2007) as follows: CINTA,B p = INTA SharedB,A (p ∧ CINTA,B p) A has the communicative intention that p towards B (CINTAB p) when A intends (INTA) that the following two facts be shared by B and herself (SharedBA): that p, and that she intended to communicate to B that p (CINTAB p). The developmental evidence of communicative intention as primitive is that 9-months-old children perform communication acts like declarative pointing. I.e., they are able to express the intention of sharing an action/object between the self and the other (Tomasello et al., 2005). The neuroimaging evidence consists in a series of fMRI experiments, where we demonstrated that the anterior paracingulate cortex is not necessarily involved in the understanding of other people’s intentions per se, but primarily in the understanding of the intentions of people involved in social interaction (Walter et al., 2004). Moreover, this brain region showed activation when a represented intention implies social interaction and therefore had not yet actually occurred. This result suggests that the anterior paracingulate cortex is also involved in our ability to predict future intentional social interaction, based on an isolated agent’s behaviour. We conclude that distinct areas of the neural system underlying theory of mind are specialized in processing distinct classes of intentions (Ciaramidaro et al., 2007), among which there