REFE1 {ENCE
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J? G- SJA ?~r y-. P 3 MA.RK TWA.HSTS 6QQK. PATENT 281.657. TRADE MARKS: UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN. Registered No. 5,896. Registered No. 15,979. DIRECTIONS. Use but little moisture, and only on the gummed lines. Press the scrap on without wetting it. DANIEL SLOTE & COMPANY, NEW YORK. UV Page W w XYZ NfViPPV of this letter be made known to whoever ! should appear to be the head Chief of the Indians inhabiting this region. In view of these facts the “Britannica” can not be From, charged with error; but in the “Supple¬ ment” (of five volumes) to the edition is¬ sued in this country by Hubbard Brothers in 1885, there is a single error which is cal¬ culated to destroy confidence in the whole five volumes. This consists in the state¬ ment, in a sketch of Robert J. Walker, that he was Secretary of State under Pres¬ ident Polk. Considering the figure cut in the politics of the country by the “Walker Tariff” of 1846, neither a writer for an En¬ cyclopedia nor a proof-reader for a pub¬ lishing house can be excused for not know¬ ing that Robert J. Walker was Secretary of the Treasury. & Reminiscent and | But errors in works pertaining to our local history are what it is my purpose to write about. '^'Historical Corner. $ On page 31 of McCauley’s History of Franklin county, where incursions of In¬ dians into this section are set forth, this statement is made: “On the 3d of July, 1754, large numbers of the Indians of the ERRORS IN HISTORICAL WORKS. west acted with the British troops in the capture of the Colonial forces under Colo¬ nel George Washington at Fort Necessity, To be of value historical works need to and they were mainly instrumental in be accurate. They should not only be care¬ causing the defeat of General Braddock in fully written but carefully printed, for if an July, 1755.” If McCauley wrote this just error goes out in a book which obtains a as it stands, he made a slip of the pen wide circulation, that book becomes the which the proof-reader should have dis¬ j disseminator of false information and mis¬ covered and marked. As all who are con¬ leads a multitude. versant with the events referred to are well Historical works of note generally are aware, the troops to whom Washington accurate, but some of considerable preten¬ surrendered Fort Necessity were French, sion contain errors which impeach their not British. The error is calculated to give reliability. The regular edition of the En- beginners in history a wrong start. j cyclopedia Britannica is perhaps not open On page 25 McCauley says: “McCord’s to criticism, though in its chronological fort, neaT Parnell’s Knob, was captured by chapter it contains a statement which the Indians on or about the 4th of April, sounds strangely in this part of the world: 1756, and burned, and all the inmates, “1755. General Braddock’s expedition twenty-seven in number, were either killed against the French in Canada; he is defeat¬ or carried into captivity.” On page 32 he ed and killed, July 9.” And what is very says: “In April, 1756, McCord’s fort, near singular, the “Britannica” does not men- Powell’s Knob, as already stated, was cap- |tion the expedition of General Forbes, j tured by the Indians, and all the inmates, which, resulting as it did in the capture of twenty-seven in number, were either killed Fort Dequesne, was far more important or carried into captivity.” The error is in than Braddock’s. the name given to the Knob in page 32. j Braddock’s march was through northern J It should be Parnell’s as printed in page 25. ;Virgima, western Maryland and south¬ There are mistakes in names in the same western Pennsylvania. But in the early i work. The most glaring of these is on .days of the white settlement of the north¬ page 255, where it is printed in three pla¬ ern part of North America, the name of ces that Samuel Dechart was Director j Canada was applied to a much larger scope of the Poor in 1830,1831 and 1832. I do not of country than has been called by that believe there ever was a man named name in the past century and a half. In Samuel Dechart in Franklin county. Dan¬ 1681, the year before he himself came to iel Dechert, who was for a long lifetime his Province, "William Penn sent over with one of the best-known residents of Cham- his Deputy Governor a letter addressed bersburg, and who died in 1862 in the 83d “To the Emperor of Canada,” informing j year of his age, was Director of the Poor him of the grant he had received from the | for the three years above mentioned. King of England and his desire to be on The sketch of Franklin county contain- friendly terms with the Emperor and his I ed in Dr. Egle’s History of Pennsylvania people. It was designed that the contents ! is an excellent one, but its opening para- & Tuscarora, went with Bedford graph is marked by errors which I cannot terms of the act erecting that county, but understand how its highly intelligent wri¬ was set over to Franklin in the year 1798. ter happened to fall into. It reads as fol¬ The date (1759) assigned to the act ere- lows: ating Cumberland, by the writer of the “Qn the 27th of January, 1759, Lancaster sketch of Franklin county, might be set county was divided by act of Assembly, down as a mere typographical error, if it and the southern division thereof erected had not been followed by the statement into a new county, to which the name of that the limits of Cumberland had remain¬ Cumberland was given, with the town of ed unchanged until Franklin was stricken Carlisle as the seat of justice. Fora quar¬ j off, “a quarter of a century” later. From ter of a cent.ury the county of Cum¬ I 1759 to 1784 would measure a quarter of a berland, thus constituted, remained century. But Cumberland was erected in intact, when the wants of the stead¬ 1750 and was twice cut down before the ily thriving dwellers on Conococheague, Franklin cut was made, the first (Bedford) the inhabitants of the southwestern cut taking off half the territory of the portion of Cumberland, led them to petition the General Assembly of 1784 whole Province. There is another error in the sketch of! that their territory might be named Franklin county, which, though not im¬ a new county. ® '* In compliance there¬ portant, may as well be referred to. “Sto-1 with, the General Assembly, on the 9th of ny Batter” is described and “the ruins of April, 1784, passed an act allowing certain the southern and western portions of Cum¬ two log cabins’ ’ are referred to, and it is added: “Many years ago a Scotch trader, berland, * * to be erected into a new dwelt in one of these cabins, and had a county, to be named Franklin.’’ This extract abounds in errors. If Cum¬ store in the other, where he drove a small. but profitable traffic with the Indians andj berland had not been erected till 1759, and her territory had remained intact till frontiersmen, who came down the moun- Franklin was erected in 1784, “a quarter of tain,” &c., &c. This trader was named j a century” would have elapsed as stated. James'Bachanan, and, as the sketch cor- | But Cumberland was erected in 1750 and rectly states, he was the father of the fif¬ Franklin over thirty-four years later. And teenth President of the United States. But instead of remaining intact, Cumberland he was not Scotch, unless nearly all the was shorn of by far the greater portion of settlers in the Cumbarland Valley at that . her territory before Franklin was created. time could be so-called, and I may add Bedford was formed in 1771, with bounda¬ that he was^not a very early settler here. ries “beginning where the Province line He was born in Ireland and came to Penn¬ crosses the Tuscarora mountain, and run¬ sylvania from Donegal in 1783, and located ning along the summit of said mountain to at Stony Batter in that or the succeeding the gap near the head of Path valley, year. I doubt about his having traded thence with a north line to the Juniata; with Indians to any extent. The Indians thence with the Juniata to the mouth of had gone west of the Allegheny river— Shaver’s creek: thence northeast to the nearly all of them beyond the limits of Penn¬ line of Berks county; thence along "the sylvania—and the traffic at Stony Batter Berks county line north-westward to the was with white men, the “Packers” whose western boundaries of the Province,” &c., famous Path is visible there to this day. &c. That the father of President Buchanan This line started at the Maryland line on i was a native of Ireland I can state on the the eastern side of the Little Cove, (War¬ i authority of the President himself, and ren township), and passed on top of the here I may relate one of a number of in¬ Tuscarora to the gap beyond Concord, stances in which he referred to this fact in whence it ran north through the west end conversing with myself. The father had of what is now Juniata county to the Ju¬ become the owner of some land in Ken¬ niata river in what is now Mifflin county, tucky. Irish settlers were crowding in probably striking the river about McVey- there and trouble had arisen between them town or some miles west of it, from which and some non-residents whose lands they point it followed the river up to the mouth had located on, not knowing that these of Shaver’s creek, where Petersburg now had been purchased. I think it was just stands, in Huntingdon county, whence it after his graduation at Dickinson College ran northeast to the Berks county line- in 1809, when he was in his nineteenth This left Cumberland only so much of her year, that the future President was sent to vast territory as lay east and south of the Kentucky by his father to look after his lines described. lands. He made the journey on horse¬ Northumberland, erected in 1772, still back from Mercersburg, stopping the fir? further curtailed Cumberla nd. Then Frank¬ night at the old Reamer tavern at the foj lin was taken off in 1784, part of Mifflin of Sideling Hill, on the old road, neai (which then included Juniata) in 1789, and half a mile north of the stone tavern ere, Perry in 1820, this latter curtailment re¬ ed by Reamer when the turnpike v ducing Cumberland to her present limits. made. There were settlers gathered at The Little Cove, which lay west of the public house where he stopped in Ken¬ Stevens had the boundary line between tucky and they asked him if he was not Franklin and Adams changed so as to take afraid to come out there among them, con¬ from the former and add to the latter a sidering what had been alleged about their strip of territory in which he was interest¬ turbulent disposition. He answered, “No; ed. I think the strip included the Caledo¬ my father is an Irishman and he told me I nia Iron Works. The members of the Leg¬ would always be safe among Irishmen.” islature from Franklin county were political The answer pleased them and they declar¬ friends of Mr. Stevens, but whether they ed they would defend him with their lives. shut their eyes on this account or the ope¬ There had been some intrusion on his ration was adroitly done without their father’s lands, but he settled all satisfac¬ knowledge, did not become known. The torily. act created some excitement in Franklin We claim President James Buchanan as county, and Frederick Smith, then a very a native of Franklin county, and as the prominent member of the Bar, was earn¬ south-western boundary of the county has estly solicited to become a candidate for stood for exactly one hundred years, the the Legislature for the purpose of rectify¬ claim is correct. But at the time of his ing what was held to have been a wrong. birth, and for perhaps the first half dozen He consented to run, and along with Wil¬ years of his life, (I forget the date of his liam McKinstry, of Mercersburg, was elect¬ father’s removal to Mercersburg,) he must ed, and at the ensuing session Franklin have been a Bedford county boy. As al¬ county recovered the lost strip. The act ready stated in this article, the line which taking it away was signed by Governor set off Bedford from Cumberland ran along Ritner and the act restoring it by Gover¬ the summit of the Tuscarora mountain, nor Porter. John M. Cooper. and that portion of Franklin which lies west of the summit mentioned was not ac¬ quired by this county till the year 1798. Stony Batter, in which James Buchanan NOTES AND QUERIES. was born on the 23d of April, 1791, is west of the Tuscarora, in a bowl scooped out Und^j>€he head of Notes and Queries between that and the Cove mountain, and ValiJky Spirit will puoiish from lime to if the Bedford line followed the summit of time/biogi aptiical sketches, genealogical the Tuscarora from 1771 till 1798, without records aud other matter pertaiuiog to deviation, Stony Batter must have been in local history. The purpose of Notes and Bedford county at the time of Mr. Buchan¬ Queries is to gather fragments of local an’s birth and for seven years thereafter. history that exist only iu the memory or This year 1898 marks the one hundredth In the possession of a lew, and publish ; anniversary of Franklin county’s acquisi¬ these and other matters of local history | tion of this historical spot. where thev will be accessible to all who j Territorially, Chester, one of the three are interested and who desire to inane j counties created in 1682, and the first or¬ use of them. There is much of such mat- ; ganized in the Province, was the great ter ot public interest and this will be one | county of Pennsylvania. This distinction manner ot its preservation. passed to Lancaster in 1729, to Cumberland in 1750 and to Bedford in 1771. In 1773, Notes and Queries is therefore for the after the erection of Westmoreland, the public’s benefit and will be open foftbem. three counties of Bedford, Northumber¬ We ask those who have interest to fur¬ land and Westmoreland, covered probably nish sucn matter and V alley Spirit two-thirds of the territory of the whole will print It lor you. Province. They stretched from (and in¬ cluded) what is now Susquehanna, the sec¬ BRADDOCK'S ROUTE. ond county from the northeastern corner The Cumberland and Shenandoah of the State, and from the western boun¬ valleys are one and the same, localized dary of Franklin county, to the Ohio line by different names, of which the Po¬ and the Virginia Panhandle. tomac river is the dividing line. The In the sketch of Westmoreland county general direction is northeast and southwest. The northwestern boundary in Dr. Egle’s history, it is stated that “From of the valley is the North or Kittatinny 1769 to 1771, all the western portion of the mountain in the Cumberland vailey, and State was embraced in Cumberland coun¬ the Little North mountain in the Shen¬ ty.” The date “1769” is probably a typo¬ andoah valley. These ranges are con¬ tinuous, save where interrupted, like the graphical error. As Cumberland was cre¬ vailey by the passage of the Potomac ated in the first month of 1750, the inten¬ through them. Parallel to this range, tion of the writer may have been to say and about the same distance from it, from 1749 to 1771; but as it stands in the three creeks drain the valleys, two, the Opequon and Conococheague, flowing book, the date is a mistake and is calcula¬ north and south, empty into the Po¬ ted to mislead. tomac, and one, the Cmuodoguinet, flow¬ I may add as a fact of local interest, ing north, empties into the Susque- I though not in any way related to errors in hanna. _I historical works, that in 1838 Thaddeus 14568 Baptists • froiiv fetew TSngiana; were These streams are the dividing line stretched along the Opequon from Win¬ between the Trenton limestone and the chester to tlffe Potoifiac. There were Hudson River slate, the slate lands ■two Presbyterian !meeting houses, one lying to the west, and make a pretty di¬ on the Tusearora creek, near what is rect line from Harrisburg to Win¬ now Martinsburg, and one at Falling; chester. Waters, both erected about the same What is now Franklin county was time. formerly a part of Cumberland county, Winchester, which in 1738 comprised known as the Conococheague settle¬ two log cabins, was in 1752 by an act of ment, from its principal stream, the Co- assembly established a town “at the nocucheague creek. It is a tradition that court house of Frederick county.” a great part of the best lands in the In the Cumberland valley, in 1754, we Conococheague valley, were at the first find several towns, and a quite thickly settlement of the county, what is now settled district, between the Susque¬ called in the western states “prairie.” ! hanna and Potomac, but the largest The land' was without t.mber, covered part of the population, as shown by the with rich luxuriant grass, with some list of taxaib es, were west of the streams scattered trees, hazel bushes, wild already referred to, upon the slate plums and crab apples. It was then lands. generally called the 'barrens.” As early as 1736, by order of the oourt The timber was found on or near the . at Lancaster, a road was laid out lead¬ water courses and on the slate soil. ing from Harris Ferry to the Potomac, This accounts for the preference given known as the “great road,” and while oy the early Scotch-Irish settlers to the no mention is made of a road in the ■slate lands, before the l.mestone lands Shenandoah valley, Kercheval says: were surveyed and located. The slate "At the time of the first settlement In the : had the attractions of wood, water Shenandoah valley, a war path traveled courses and meadows, and were free • by the northern and southern Indians, from rock at the surface. (Men of mark led from the Potomac, and passed a of the Cumberland, valley, Alfred little west of Winchester, southwardly. Nevin). This path forked a few miles north of In the Shenandoah valley precisely Winchester, diverging more to the east, the same conditions prevailed. Ker- crossed the Opequon and led on to the oheval in the History of the Valley of forks of the Shenandoah, while the Virginia (p. 44) says: "Much the gieater other crossed over the North mountain part of the country between what is and valley, thence over First mountain c.ailed the little North Mountain and to the South river valley. The settlers the Shenandoah river, at the first set¬ saw numerous war parties passing and j tling of the valley was one vast prairie, repassing through the valley, particu¬ and like the rich prairies of the west of¬ larly the Delewares and Catawbas. It fered the finest pasturage for wild anl- f': must have crossed the Potomac at the rnais. The buffalo, elk, deer, wolf and mouth of the Conococheague, for in all other kinds of wild animals, wild 1736 a battle occurred between these j fowls, etc., common to forest countries, 1 tribes at the mouth of the Conoco- j were abundant.” \cheague on Friend’s land, in which but Parallel with the Opequon, but sep¬ V>ne Deleware escaped, and he took arated from it by the Great North and If, . yefuge in Friend’s house. As the roads Cacapon mountains, t'he Cacapon river l generally followed the Indian trails, the flows into the Potomac a short distance road when built probably followed this west of Plancock. path. In 1754, however, ferries were in Settlements began in Pennsylvania, existence, Watkins, at the mouth of the along the Conodoguinet and Conoco- 1 Conococheague, and Williams near the cheague as early as 173U, but it was not ; mouth of the Opequon. until 1736 that the Indian title was eX- . - When Washington in 1754 met his de- .* languished, after which the Scotch-Irish ■■ feat at the Great Meadows, a road or came in large numbers. path, seems to have existed from Win- -'5 About the same time, 1732, Joist Hite *■ Chester to the forks of the Cacapon, with others amounting to sixteen thence along that stream to its junction families in all, removed from Pennsyl- with the Potomac, when it crossed over vania, cutting their road from York, and to the Maryland side, and followed its cross.r.g the Potomac about two miles p northern bank to Wills creek, then a above Harper’s Ferry, settled on the trading post of the Ohio company. Opequon about fiye miles south of The independent companies of . Foot, Winchester. About the same time an commanded by Clark and Rutherford, enterprlzing Quaker by the name of ; ordered from New York by- Governor ■Ross, obtained a warrant, for surve.\ing Dlnwiddie, were marched from Hamp- 40,000 acres of land. The surveys on Roads, to Wills Creek September this warrant were made along that I. 1754, where they were joined by Cap- ! stream, north of Winchester. Pretty tain Demeric’s Independent company numerous immigrants of the Quaker ,, from South Carolina, and on the 12th I profession removed from Pennsylvania commenced erecting thq, works. These ; and settled on Ross'surveys, and as early troops passed tnrough W.nccester. as 1738 this people had regular monthly On the 1st of Januai y, 1755, Sir John St. j meetings on the Opequon. Also at this Clair, deputy quartermaster general, ar- i early period many immigrants settled j rive^ in America and at once found ac¬ on t'he Cacapon and its tributary, Lost tive 'employment in acquainting hnimelf river, and on both banks of the Po¬ with the nature and s_ene of his future ; tomac, around the mouth of these duties. H&v.ng procured from tne | tributary streams. governors of Virginia and Pennsylva¬ Between 1743 and 1754 settlers from nia, and from other sources, ad the Bucks county, Penna., Scotch-Irish maps and information that were ob- t Presbyterians, fourteen or fifteen: tamable re ;pe< ting the country through j families from New Jersey, and some jKSS&ted to pass, tie » ,'n company wrth Uuvernor nf toJ? -by bundredd under the banners « n'e’ o£ Maryland, upon a tour of in- of Shirley and Pepperell, or carrying specuun to V\ ills Creek. On the 26th tbe-ferv.ces to Virginia or New Yodf ot Januaiy, S.r John and Governor If any Pennsylvanians were in Brad ’ Sharpe found the troops at that pom dock’s expedition as soldiers, th y musi SUliicient tort with several lien ofefh« ted ln Va’Sinia, as no rnen- ma”a^mes and barracks for all' ,? of them is made from any source the expected army. This fort was call- P£“ V™ 28th of February; General Braddock requested Governor Morris to cfnfa0!’1 C(*mber,land in honor of the capta.n general. A company from establish a post with good horsef at convenient distances betweenPhili end'yotnv had tarrived Giere aoout the Winchester, for forwarding 'through c!h . BheS’ and t0 open a ™ad from which hAWeSC’ Ul inLejsect the road on th|yselso-Ullthf°V'hemSelVeS- Later in which he was to march from Fort hL ' £he VlrS*nia troops made Cumberland to Fort Duquesne In nur Tihn tPPearance- °n hi« return Sir John descended Wills creek and the wnnnrMTIh tne Senerals request, Gov¬ *mt£rnac’ 2£)0 m;ies in an open canoe ernor Morris on the 12th of March an till he reached Annapolis, whence he re’ pointed road viewers, to lay out a road paired to Williamsburg to awak Bra!-' Carhsle16 andatqh°ad leafiing' through dock s arrival. He employed a number i Vof/ t- d fehippensburg, to the Youghiogheny, and from that road to or bltteauxDatteaux in which thebotaomed stoves boatsete ;I the camp at Wills Creek. On the «am^ were to be transported to Fort Cum’ hayhhs no£lIled General Braddock "that berland, and also laid out a camp for I he had ordered a survey from a niace the army at Watkins Ferry, (mouth of called Carlisle to Turkey Foot The the Conococheague) although no use ' ofaAnr°hmi'iii°ners reported on the 16th 1 was ever made of it. From his maos or April. We were very fortunate in as well as personal obsemhon Sk finding a good road all the way. From John was well aware that no roads « 1 I arnell s Knob or McDowell’s Mill to isted between the mouth of die Conn' miles?" We St°Pped’ i3 about sixty-nine MarvK aPd Port Cumberland on the' h!rinJhjii4th^0f April a council was date'of ^Sth^of Febrult?°\T-aCc Under held at Alexandria, at which were pres Morns inLrmef^rfn ent General Broddock, Governor Shir ley, Lieutenant Governor Delaney iLneaUtf^nt Governor Dinwiddle, Lilm c,wi!-n!T0Xiernor Sharpc and Lieutenant Gov ei nor Morris, vyhen Che plan of cam¬ Sa LayVS„‘y paign was settled. A four-fold bk^ wh chVttr rnfLiy be carried, and along wmch the northern forces mav man-h SiPri/0 be st/u?k against the French. and join the Europeans at Winchester - h.rley was to lead the forces against wnth only three (3) small ferrS Lu« Niagara, Colonel William Johnson !fiaMonCprrn P°int’ Li^tenantCoTo- ^,,m .ku<>n “Saanst Acadia, while Braddock himself was to lead the ex¬ ysr-si JZ-rsa^Hs pedition against Fort Duquesne. Al¬ ready on the 9th of April, Sir Peter Hal- si s&jrzs* ow«- rassJ ket with six companies of the 44th had colonelCoTonMd CGagetLWinChe was ?leftt!r andwith Lieutenantthe other four companies to escort the artillery. The route taken by the 44th from ,they were encamped, cannot be definitely ascertained, but troops to Watkins Ferry, tS w ^rrs. Ijr?bably by A Idle and through v\ inehester, to Port u, ,e °y !hDinkerh in the South mountain, Th1^bL nTyrille to Winchester. This is the oldest road, and is direct tomac."wSSfS great road to ihe Po- i fhT dl:;^PhCe bein& about seventy mills! General Braddock arrived at I J»h / w reeimet»t, Colonel Dunbar, ton, V irginia, February 20 t7^ QHt P" m tp„ais accomPanied by his aids, The complement of twS neVer f billed, £aPba-lns Orme and Morris, and Sec- completed by enl e,re»lmenIs was xetary Shirley, left for Frederick, where While the assembly^wou/d not Vil'ginia’ he amved at noon of the 21st and re- any plan to raise a not agree to rn^!TVh6 31st’ when he set out Pennsylvania to operate ’Snl1 f0vSe in ! for Vi inehester. John Esten Cook in his history of Virginia, in the series of dock, the men of Pernnsy 1 vania^wer^em j the American Commonwealth’s men- f '* •'•f *$.. 1 •• ■ cailed JfaTiapTtin.V (Cacapon) where our tions the fact That he calls upon t- I - i of July and it was resolved not to await creek, following a varrey ■"w.mcti is i the arrival of Dunbar, who was so far also called Cumberland Valley, the dis¬ In the rear, but to push forward With a tance being thirty-seven, miles, but on part of the force. ■ On the fiinth the account of the haste to get the main battle was fought and in the evening road through to Turkey Foot it was the retreat began, continuing all night abandoned for the time being. On the and the next day until 10 p. m. Dun¬ fifth of July the road had reached the bar’s camp was reached on the eleventh Allegheny mountains, sixty-five miles when all being in confusion, and some from Anthony, Thompson’s, or eighty- of his men having gone off, the retreat | five miles from Shipperisburg. From was resumed on the fifteenth, after the Raystown to the Great Crossings the destruction of stores that were impos¬ direction is due west, and the direction sible to remove. The army reached the , would be preserved by following the camp near the Great Meadows that Raystown branch of the Juniata to the night, where the General died. Colonel Somerset county line, thence passing Dunbar, who was now' in full command, through the towns of Mt. Healthy and : continuing the retreat in great disorder, Dividing Ridge postoffice, and crossing returned to Wills’ creek or Port Cum¬ the Alleghenies a short distance south¬ berland the twentieth of July. west of that place. The road was now much interfered Having traced the course of the army from Alexandria to Dunbar’s camp, and with by thri Indians. John Smith, the history of whose the return of the remnant to Port Cum¬ berland, It is necessary to go back and captivity has several times been writ¬ examine the progress and purpose of ten, was captured that day near Bed¬ the road, being cut from Shippensburg, ford and taken to Fort Duquesne, where west, to the junction with the road he was during the battle. His account over which Braddock marched. The of the departure and return of the purpose is stated by Braddock himself French and Indions is quoted by Park- in a letter dated June 30, from the camp man in his description of that event at at the last crossing of the Youghio- some length. He had been sent back by gheny and addressed to Governor Mor¬ the woodcutters to hurry up the wagons ris. “As I shall very soon be in want of and cattle, only provisions for three supplies from your province, I must days being on hand. On account of this .beg you would order all possible dis¬ interference by the Indians Governor patch fo be made use of in finishing tffie Morris was 'obliged to send a messenger i rr,°d ns far as the crow foot of the to Braddock on the fourteenth, around Youghiogheny and immediately after-, by Winchester to avoid capture. On the ward send forward to me such articles seventeenth of July James Burd writes | of provisions as shall be in your powder. Governor Morris from the top of the Some of the inhabitants near Fort Alleghenies that he had explored fifteen miles ahead of camp and had not then i Cumberland having been killed and taken prisoners by straggling parties of heard of the battle. On the twenty-fifth, Indians the people of these parts have however, he writes from Shippensburg been deterred from coming to the camp. that on the seventeenth (probably after j My chief dependence must therefore be his letter had been sent): “We received upon your province, where the road will an express from Governor James Innes, be secure from insults or attacks of from Fort Cumberland, giving us an ac¬ that kind.” count that General Braddock had been Work was commenced on the road attacked and had met with a very con¬ May 1, and on the second of June it siderable loss. And that the army was wras reported that it was opened as far upon a retreat and desired that we might as Sugar Cabins (Port Littleton), seven immediately retreat. We began our re¬ miles from Anthony Thompson’s arid treat on Wednesday, the eighteenth, twenty-seven from Shippensburg. and marched that day eighteen miles The route was past Culbertson’s How, to a house I formerly mentioned to you, McDowell’s Mill, Anthony Thompson’s we had kept our stores in for a short (which was at Cowan’s Gap), Burnt time. On Thursday piorning I begged ; Cabins to Littleton (Col. R, 6, 395). of the people to assist me with their horses to carry our provisions to Fort After a detention of a week in crossing Cumberland w hich they absolutely de- ] Sideling hill, the road had reached the dined, upon which I employed seven- j ford of the Juniata, twenty-eight miles teen of our carry horses and loaded j from Anthony Thompson's, the twelfth them with flour and marched with them °fr.^une' an02. 62, 156. and thence to Philadelphia.” CHAUNCEY IVES. On the thirtieth of July Governor March 31, 1898. Morris wrote General Shirley to order that such part of the troops as were not wanted for the garrison of Fort Cum¬ berland be posted at Shippensburg and Carlisle and at or near a place called McDowell’s Mill, where the new road to the Allegheny mountains begins, at which place there are numbers of houses for the soldiers, and stating that Colonel Dunbar proposes to be at the mouth of the Conocooheague by the seventh of August. SIM WASHINGTON The army marched from Fort Cum¬ berland on the second of August and on the third the seamen left, marching down through Virginia. The journal* III FRANKLIN MSI!. here stop and make no further mention of the route, but the Colonial Records give a letter from Dunbar, dated at “the Camp at Widow Berringer’s, August 7," The Harris Ferry aud Three Moun¬ in which he informs Governor Morris that he hopes to meet him in Shippens¬ tain Roads—Sympathy With the burg about the seventeenth, and ‘‘as we Whiskey Insurrection in This pass leave a good guard at McDowell’s County—Passage of the Troops in Mill” (Widow Berringer’s was near Win¬ 1704—Washington’s Route to and chester). Colonel Dunbar did arrive at Ship¬ From Bedford. pensburg on the seyenteenth, as his A paper read before the K-ittoclitinny letter dated from that place to Colonel Morris attests. historical society at its meeting Thurs¬ The march, therefore, of Colonel Dun¬ day evening, May 26, 1898, at the resi¬ bar in his retreat was from Fort Cum¬ dence of Joshua VV. Sharpe by John G. berland via Winchester, the mouth of the Conocooheague, and thence by the Orr : great road leading from Harris’ Ferry In the preparation of this paper, ■ to the Pctomae. “General Washing-ton in Franklin i Neither soldiers nor provisions for County,” three matters present them¬ Braddock’s army passed over the road selves for consideration in connection leading from McDowell’s Mill to the therewith. These are: Two of the lead¬ Allegheny mountains, nor was it con¬ ing highways of the county in the last structed for any other purpose than to century, because over one of them supply his army after he had taken Washington passed on his way to Bed¬ Fort Duquesne, and his subsequent op¬ ford, and over the other on his return erations against Presque Isle. This to Philadelphia; the “Whiskey Insur¬ road, completed only to the summit of rection,” for the reason that it was the the Allegheny mountains, a distance of primary cause for his journey; the pas¬ eighty-five miles from Shippensburg, sage of the troops through this county was cut through between the twenty- on their way to quell the insurrection, fifth of April and the seventeenth of they being the immediate cause of hi« July, showing no lack of energy in presence in the county. What I shall prosecuting the work. General Brad- say of these will be largely of a local dock never contemplated marching over nature. this route, and did not request the road A little less than a century and *. to be made until the twelfth of March, quarter ago Franklin county had no when commissioners were appointed to place on the map of Pennsylvania. lay out the route, who reported on the Her fruitful acres reclaimed from the j sixteenth of April, and work was com¬ menced nine days afterward. primitive forests in this valley and | those which nestled under the shadow' j While the road which passes through of the mountains of her smaller val- | Franklin, Fulton and Bedford counties leys were embraced in Cumberland ! is called the Braddock road, it is a mis- county. No turnpikes drew their gray | nomer in the sense of it ever having dusty lines through her borders and the been used for the passage of troops or steam railways, which transport her supplies for that expedition. It tvas products with ease and her citizens used, however, by the Forbes expedi¬ with comfort and celerity, were nofeven (Signed.) a dream of the most fanciful mind. Randeli Chambers, On September 9, 1784, Franklin coun¬ Robert Dunning. ty was created and christened by th« 1 Robert Chambers, General Assembly of Pennsylvania, j Benjamin Chambers, During these years she has added to j John McCormick. her inherited historic honor. This has I The course of disputed part was, as given her a record of which she has I (inally laid out. nearly the course of just reason to be proud. To-day she j the first view. The petitioners for the stands first among the counties of all I first re-view were finally lost in the the states of the Union with the credit j fight. It ran north of the site of Car¬ of having filled "with her own citizens j lisle, which was not surveyed until 1751. the greatest number of prominent offl- | It was not immediately opened its en. ;cial government positions, beginning tire length. In December, 1750, the court with the presidency. There is now no warned the inhabitants of West Penns- good reason why she should not con- boro township to “cut clear and bridge jtinue to add to this long line of emi¬ the Great Road as far as the same ran nent sons who have, been honored by i through their township." This was in their countrymen. | the region about Newville. As late as Two of the leading highways 1 1755 it was reported that there was only I of this valley in the last cen- a “tolerable road” as far up as Ship¬ j turv was first, the great road pensburg. | that led from Harris’ Ferry ' The second was the r.oad laid out by ! through Carlisle to Shippensburg, state commissioners in 1786. It left j thence by way of Culbertson’s Row to Shippensburg at its western extremity Chambersburg, Greencastle and thence where, until a few years ago, the fin- | to the mouth of the Conococheague. It gerboard made known the distance to j was the means of communication from Pittsburg as 150 miles. This highway Philadelphia to Winchester becoming passes through Orrstown, Pleasant a post road in 1756. Many of the state’s Hall, Strasburg, Horse Valley, Fan- and nation’s officials, men of note and nettsburg, Burnt Cabins, Fort Little¬ prominence and the early pioneers, ton to its ending at Sproat’s. moving southward, passed over it. In _The Three Mountain road, as it has ! the famous Braddock campaign long been known, was part of the ' against Fort Duquesne large quantities great thoroughfare between Philadel¬ of supplies were transported over it phia and Pittsburg. For many years from Shippensburg for the use of his prior to the completion of the Pennsyl¬ army. vania railroad and several years after¬ The first trace of this road toward* wards the cattle, horses, mules, sheep the Potomac appears in 1735, when a i and hogs for the use of Philadelphia petition was presented to the "Worship¬ and the lower counties of the state ful, the Justices of the Court of Quarter were driven over it: The cattle in Sessions" at .Lancaster, from inhabit¬ droves of a hundred, sheep in flocks of ants west of the Susquehanna, oppo¬ five hundred to three thousand and site Paxton, praying that a roadway over, horses, that were driven two by be laid out “from John Harris's ferry two in strings of thirty or more, or towards Potomac.” Randle Chambers, bunches of five to ten, mules that freely James Peat James Silvers, Thom¬ followed their leader on horseback, as Eastland, John Lawrence and guided by his whistle when likely to Abraham Endless were appointed wander from the way, or encouraged the viewers with power in four i when they lagged, and hogs by the of them to act. The view result- I hundred filled the road from the early ed in agitation, as the route was con- j spring to the late autumn. These with sidered bad by some of the neighbors. the wagon lines that hauled the pro¬ They petitioned for a re-view which duce east and west and the general the court granted in February, 1736, and travel combined with the local travel appointed William Renwick, Richard made it a busy thoroughfare. The re¬ Hough, James Armstrong, Thomas sults were taverns almost every mile Mays, Samuel Mongomery and Benja¬ for the accommodation of the travel¬ min Chambers to "make such altera¬ ing public. It also made a home mar¬ tions in said road as may seem to them ket for the grain, hay and other pro¬ Inecessary for the public good.” ducts of the contiguous farms. i These viewers reported a change of j A report made in 1S30 to the surveyor (route and then arose further contro- ! general’s office at Harrisburg- marked jversy of which there are no court pa- 1 i on its draft the following twenty-one pers of record. taverns between Skinner’s and In February. 1744, there were filed Sproat's, McAllen’s, Skinner’s, Ram¬ Lhe “courses and distances" as report¬ sey’s, Park’s, Pym’s, Kelly’s, Jami¬ ed by five new viewers. The report was son’s, Dubb’s, Cline’s, Householder’s, confirmed in May, 1744, and ordered re- ! Wild's, Ft. Littleton. Dansdells’s. ■orded. Read ran from river to James Field’s, Davis. Nagle's, Cook’s. Silver’s spring, thence to Mr. Hogg’s Kern's, Harris’, Sproat's, the distance spring, thence to Randle Chambers' about twenty-two miles. In 1821 Ship¬ spring, to Archibald McAllister’s run, pensburg with more than 200 houses [to Robert Dunning’s spring, to Ship- made use of fifteen of them for taverns. 'Pensburg, to Mr. Reynold's spring-, to A mile west of Shippensburg was Conogoehege creek, to Falling Spring, the Happy Retreat. A little over a to John Mushel's spring, to Thomas mile beyond in a log house Lewis Lee Armstrong's spring, thence to oak in kept a tavern that was later destroyed temporary line. Whole line being 60 by fire. At Herron’s Branch Daniel niles 109 perches. Wunderlich kept the Black Horse. At | Orrstown was the Three Tun, which j later became the Southampton Inn; a of honor and bravery, of de’_r.„ _ ] half mile distant was Fetter's; at Pleas- sacrifice, of integrity and patriotism I ant Hall one; two miles beyond was are yet to be written. ... jIL . Bealman’s; one mile east of Stirasburg i fruitful field for the research and culti- was Crotzer’s, two in Strasburg. two in j vation of this society. When the his¬ Horse Valley, two in Fannettsburg. tory of the men and the times qf this the Union and the Franklin. In the valley are gathered and written’' with limits of the county, within twenty the detail and amplitude-’ of those guished person than General Wash¬ and armed resistance to the govern¬ i . ington. These two roads are no ment’s authority. The cause was a re¬ longer through thoroughfares, but vival of the obnoxious excise law. Ip are used chiefly for local travel 1684. one hundred and ten years before and the general business along them has the whiskey insurrection, the provin¬ been completely revolutionized. cial Assembly passed an excise law, The people that were to supplant the but it met with little favor and was owners of this valley of beauty and soon repealed. In 1738 this manner of fertility of their inherited possession raising revenue was revived, but it too j were mainly the Scotch Irish, with a was short-lived. A similar law was in sprinkling of Scotch emigrants who operation in 1744, but only for a short j added to the zeal and thrift of the new' time. In 1772 a like law was enacted. ’ colonists and attained to much But little effort was made to enforce ! prominence in the state and the nation. it; but during the revolutionary war ; The ancestors of the Scotch Irish for considerable revenue was obtained j generation upon generation had been fro nr it. Towards the close of the war hunted in their mountains, persecuted it was repealed. In 1791 congress took 1 in their homes and forced to flee from up the question of revenue and a tax of j i their country for the sake of con- four pence per gallon was laid on all ! 1 science. They had suffered long distilled spirits. The members of eon- j | and often from the British, for whom gress from the districts of Western ! they inherited a deep-seated hatred. It Pennsylvania pleaded and talked and ! ' was none the less bitter because 3,000 voted in vain to prevent its passage, j miles of ocean lay between them. They but it became the law of the land. but aw'aited an opportunity to strike at Under Western Pennsylvania’s condi- i I their enemy and it came when the col- tion it bore heavily upon the people. j onies revolted against the mother c-oun- Grain was. produced abundantly, but ' | try. This race w'as not confined to this the cost of transportation was so great ! valley and whether in Pennsylvania or that it did not pay to send it to mar- 1 South Carolina, New Jersey or Vir¬ ket. Rev. Carnahan says in his ad- i 9 ginia or any other section of the coun¬ dress on this subject: “Wheat was so j try, they were foremost in its state plentiful and, of so little value that it and national councils and on was a common practice to grind that its fields of battle during this of the best quality and feed it to the long and bloody strife. It was cattle, while rye, corn and barley a natural sequence that this valley would bring no price as food for man should be a unit in support of the war or beast. The only way left for the in- I of the revolution and the espousal of habitants to obtain a little mpney to I • this cause should lead them to give purchase salt, iron and other articles I freely of their men, their money and necessary in carrying on their farming j their talent that it might eventually be operations was by distilling their J brought to a successful ending. grain and reducing it into a more port- | Franklin county was well represent¬ able form and sending the whiskey I ed in the ranks of the army and its over the mountains or down the Ohio commissioned officers, lieutenants, cap¬ to Kentucky, then rapidly filling up tains, colonels and generals led their and affording a market for that ar¬ brave and intelligent countrymen on ticle.” many a battlefield, from1 the siege at The sympathies of many of this Boston until our inspiring flag, the county, which were with those west of symbol of liberty, floated over a new the mountains, were engendered by t nation, free and independent. The their own immediate interest. The j names of McCalmont, Chambers, Ab¬ farmers were in the same manner con- j raham. Culbertson, Smith. Mercer. verting their grain into spirits, as shown Breckenridge, Potter, Armstrong. Rea, by the statistics taken from the asses- Magaw, Talbott. McLene, Johns¬ rors’ returns to the county commis¬ ton. Huston. McCoy, Allison and' sioners. In 1788 there were in Franklin many others are written on county seventy-one stills returned as tax¬ the pages of its military and able. in value from five to seven and ten civil records. But many of their deeds £1 dollars each. On most of them the as¬ sessed valuation was seven dollars. In . < ir ~ ■uJ>ii mm . - . . Anti ini township there were 25, FanHFci i I story: His family nor none of his "Gr Guilford 5, Hamilton 4, Letterkenny j 1 neighbors knew that he was discharged 9, Lurgan 6. Peters 5, Southampton 3. and on his return home. But his fa¬ Washington 8. In 1794 the number re¬ vorite dog, who greatly missed him, by turned was smaller, cut down pre- some intuition met the returning cap¬ ,'sumably by the new excise law. These tain at the Black Horse tavern at Her¬ stilte had a capacity ranging from ten ron’s Branch, a mile beyond his home. to drt.e hundred gallon*. He welcomed his master by jumping on The bitter enmity against the law was behind him on his horse and was the | not confined to the counties in western first to apprise the family of his arrival. ; Pennsylvania but .extended eastward The land on which the Three Tun tavern across the Alleghenies. “In Hagers¬ was erected was taken up by William town fifty citizens of the town under I Finley in 1753. At that time, possibly command of Henry Bowers and two | earlier, a log cabin was erected and hundred and fifty from the surround¬ afterward a back building attached. ing community under the lead of Peter Still later on a two-story addition was Baker and Adam Thorn assembled, made to the original building. The main armed with guns, swords and clubs, in buildings were weatherboarded and a ,a very riotous manner and put up an¬ covered porch placed along the front. other pole in the court house square." About 1850, the entire building was Three hundred militia arrived from made two-story and encased with brick Frederick and 120 men were arrested by and behind these walls stands the scouting parties and confined within the building erected over a century and half | town. In Chambersburg a liberty pole since. was erected in September. General In 1794 the assessor of Southampton James Chambers in a letter to Secre¬ township made the county commission¬ tary Dallas, dated Loudon Forge, Sep¬ ers the following return of Captain tember 22, 1794, expresses his surprise Thomas Wilson’s property as taxable: to find on his arrival from Philadelphia that the “rabble had raised what they 100 acres land ...*. £570 I called a liberty pole.” Near the elose of 3 horses . 45 his letter, after reciting an account of a 3 cows . 9 public meeting, he writes: “The mag¬ 2 stills . 50 istrates have sent for the men, the very same that erected the pole, and 1 had : £674 the pleasure of seeing them on Satur- i A public meeting was held in New- day evening cut it down and with the J ville by the citizens of Newton and same wagon that brought it into town I West Pennsborough. The excise law they were obliged to draw the remains was denounced “as unjust in principle, of it out of town again.” oppressive in its operation, imprac¬ “The erection of the pole attracted ticable in its execution in every repub¬ about 200 light dragoons to pay them a lican government.” The meeting elect¬ visit. The commotion produced by the ed delegates to a county convention to sudden appearance of the light horse be held in Carlisle on Friday, Septem¬ is well remembered by some of the old ber 29. inhabitants yet living. They encamped Carlisle, Harrisburg and Northumber- | on the commons near the Seceder land were scenes of riotous proceedings I church. The pole was a beautiful one, and liberty poles were erected. very tall, carefully bound together with The opposition to the excise law grew I iron bands and decorated at the top more formidable and the government i with a long red streamer. This ended decided that force must be used to quell the demonstration of the Whiskey boys the insurgents and a proclamation was in Chambersburg.” issued by the president August 7 In Fannettsburg there were many calling out the militia. Twelve thou- ; who were in sympathy with sand nine hundred and fifty troops were S the movement in western Penn¬ called for and assigned as follows: sylvania, and they showed their Infan’y. Cav’y. Art’y. feeling by erecting a liberty pole New Jersey ,... .. 1,500 500 100 on the top of the hill in the town near Pennsylvania .. .. 4,500 500 200 where J. B. Wineman’s store building Maryland. .. 2,000 200 150 now stands. For a time the feeling be¬ Virginia . .. 3,000 300 tween the friends of the government and the whiskey boys ran high. When 11,000 1,500 450 it was learned that the advance guard Total . . 12,950 of the United States troops were cross¬ The quota of Franklin county was 2S1. ing the mountains in sight of the village they cut down the liberty pole Owing to the friendly feeling toward the and took it away. “The delusion re¬ insurgents it was at first feared it could specting their rights was soon dispelled not be filled., But the quota wras filled and the liberty pole gave rise to many and Franklin county’s troops were in a joke and jest concerning the exploits the brigade under the command of Gen¬ of the Liberty boys.” eral James Chambers. The troops of New Jersey and most of those of Penn¬ At what is now Orrstown lived Cap¬ sylvania rendezvoused at Carlisle, tain Thomas Wilson, known through reaching there by way of Reading and the community as Mad Tom Wilson. Harrisburg. A few came by Lancaster. He was the owner of the tavern the At Harrisburg they were ferried over , Three Tun and had two stills. He was the Susquehanna in flat boats. very outspoken in denunciation of the government and active in aiding and On Friday, October 10 the light and abetting the cause. He was arrested legionary corps under the immediate ' ; and sent to Philadelphia but discharged command of Major William McPherson; without trial. There is in connection the Jersey regiment and Guirney's, from : | with his return this well authenticated Philadelphia, commenced their march I “/ Jer orders of Governor Howell, of I marched'fcf Chambersburg, a pleasant r Jersey. They marched to Mount ' village consisting of about two hun¬ k, seven miles distant, where they dred houses, much better built than encamped. On Saturday they marched Shippensburg. This town lays on the to Shippensburg and halted over night waters of the famous Conogocheche, in the east end of the town south of 1 near where it was proposed to have the Main street and east of the “Old Balti¬ more road.’’ On Sunday they left Ship- final seat of federal government, and is pensburg, marching to Strasburg by the the county town of-; has “Three Mountain road.” Here they a very handsome court house, a market were encamped on land now owned by and some capital mills, and belongs to Dr. J. M. Gelwix. These in part are the Captain Chambers, who has leased on 1 traditions along the route of march con¬ moderate terms. This town has risen firmed by extracts I make from the suddenly, not having been laid out journal of Major William Gould, of the more than ten years; here we found the New Jersey infantry, who kept a jour¬ best tavern we had seen for a long time. nal of the movements. Captain Chambers was so polite as to Friday, October 10.—Received march¬ invite me, with General White’s family, ing orders at 10 a. nr. Struck our tents to dine with him. and marched from Carlisle. Proceeded October 14.—Halted this day here to I to Mt. Rock; seven miles. give the Pennsylvanians an opportu¬ Saturday, October 11.—Struck our nity to vote for Congress and Assem¬ tents at 7 a. m. and marched to Ship- blymen. The country down this valley j pensburg. This town of near one mile 1 is very fine and good. in length, mostly log houses, well built, October 15.—This day marched for ! two stories high, in a hilly country, Thompson’s Cove, at the foot of the quite surprised me. Found a large range of mountains called the North, number of stores and taverns well sup¬ and three miles from Mercersburg. plied. The inhabitants kind and friend¬ Here we lay this night, drew provisions ly in trade. Fourteen miles. and made ready to scale the mountains Sunday, October 12.—Marched to l 1 in the morning. Strasburg. through a level country October 16.—Marched and in one mile ; thinly inhabited. Drew ammunition began to ascend the mountain, which for the men at night. This town con¬ here is very rugged and seemed to wind tains fifty houses, mostly log houses, round one point after another for three well built and lies at the foot of the j or four miles until we reached the sum¬ Blue or North Mountain. Eleven mit, whence in every direction we could miles. see nothing but hills and mountains Monday. October 13.—Marched at 6 towering over each other, as if they i j o’clock a. m. and passed across the Blue . were trying who should get the highest. or North Mountain, Horse Valley, Cat- ' We descended this and raised another, I tertona Mountain, Path Valley and and after descending that got into a Tuscarora Mountain; these mountains small valley called' Wallace station, i are amazing high and covered with where we found just roam enough to rocks and stones, together with scrubby j encamp and hay to feed our horses, but timber and shrubs. The road made and found the most wretched houses and supported by the state of Pennsylvania improvements and poverty that we had formed with a wall of stone on the seen. lower side in such a manner as makes By reference to Howell’s Map of J j it extremely dangerous traveling in the ; Pennsylvania (1792), it will be found night, and should a traveler step off the that Walles’s was located on Licking lower side of the road in some places he Creek, on the road from McConnells- would fall a hundred feet at a reason¬ town to Bedford, about 7 or 8 miles j i able computation. Few inhabitants in from McConnellstown. During the 1 these mountains living principally by Provincial era block houses were called • 1 keeping entertainment for travelers. stations. Fifteen miles. October 17.—Marched to the Juniata, The route taken by the cavalry is where we encamped and found Gover¬ more clearly set forth by Captain Ford, nor Mifflin with the Pennsylvania who commanded a company of New troops. Jersey cavalry and kept a journal of the While Governor Howell’s force lay expedition. From it I take the follow¬ encamped at Strasburg he wrote the ing; following letter to Governor Mifflin; October 11 (Carlisle).—This day we paraded for marching. Was joined by Strasburg, 7 o’clock P. M.. the Pennsylvania horse, and after sa¬ Oct’r 7th, 1794. luting the President, marched on to Sir:—I had the Hodov to Receive your Letter enclosing the Route, and had fixed Mount Rock. nay Dosts in tbe requisite Order. The October 12.—Marched for Shippens- Election is t.n be held at, Fort, Littleton of burg; the cavalry by themselves. This whicb the Pennsylvania Gentlemen are J day we passed one of the largest Informed, t-’royisions are ordered to be springs, which turned several mills in a drawn by tbe Whole, at the same time & | few rods from its source, and in three for an equal Numberof Days. TheTroops i miles there was a number of other mills. are id high Spirits & tomorrow we asceDd This town is pleasantly situated, con¬ tbe Mountain. a,s the Hill is called. If sists of about two hundred houses and there had been forage elsewhere 1 should belongs to the Shippens in Philadel¬ ■ have proceeded further this Day, but to- ( phia, put out on perpetual leases, on a morrow £ will reach Fort Littleton. My moderate quit-rent. ^Compliments await tbe Gentlemen of von - I October 13.—The cavalry themselves Com-. A-.l// urn. -- / 1 [3d, to Nine Mile Run. H l 1 havu'che uooor to be. Sir, Vour most Obedient H’mbie Serv’t, ,4th, two miles E. of Ligonier. 11 * K’D HOWELL, 5th, Wells’s r., foot Laurel ri. 9 Command’*, Ac. 6th, Stoney Creek, 2 miles E. ll His Excellency Governor Mifflin. 7th, Ryan’s . 15 Since the governor was in conferenue Sth, Bedford . 24 with General Washington at Carlisle on :9th, Crossings of the Raystown October 9, the date must be a typo¬ j branch of the Juniata. 14 graphical error and doubtless should be j jlOth, E. side of Sideling hill. 20 October 12. The troops under the |llth, Burd’s—Fort Lyttleton. 12 icommand of Governor Mifflin left Car¬ 12th, Strasburg . 17 lisle on October 11 in the afternoon and 13th, Shippensburg . 11 encamped at Mount Rock. 14th, Carlisle . 21 In the life of Captain Samuel Dewees During the revolutionary war the who was one of the army, I find this tramp of armed men from this valley record: “The next day we passed was outward. Philadelphia, the scene through Shippensburg and reached of stirring events, was distant but a Strawsburg, at the foot of the moun¬ day's journey. Important battles were tain where we encamped. 1 do not fought within the limits of the province, recollect whether we remained at this but the sound of the enemy’s guns never- place longer than a night or not, but reverberated through this valley. Among think that we were a day and two nights its citizens were personal friends of the encamped there before- we began to as- great leader of the revolution—many icend the mountain. who had fought under his command. In "We broke up our encampment at his younger years he had helped to pro¬ ! Strawsburg, and set out upon the march tect its western borders and later his up the mountain. It is nothing to travel armies were not far beyond its eastern I over the mountains now to what it was limits, but he had never been within it. then, the roads were both narrow and It was not until after a successful close steep, as well as crooked, owing to the of long military service when he had I zigzag nature of the road, soldiers in relinquished the command of the army, the front could behold very many sol¬ became a private citizen and then diers towards the rear, and the soldiers chosen without opposition to be the first I in the rear could behold many of the chief magistrate of the new nation that soldiers that marched between it and he set foot upon its soil. the fropt. This march not being a The army for the suppression forced one, ample time was given us to of the whiskey insurrection and ascend to its summit. Nature had the enforcement of law was strewn her moss-covered seats about in atbering at Carlisle and Fort profusion upon its side, and we grateful Cumberland. General Washington de¬ to her for the favour, occupied them cide to proceed to Carlisle that he might often in our laborious journey as well be better able to determine which was upon this mountain as others upon all the better, to go with the troops to the the other mountains which laid in our scene of the insurrection, or remain at way between Cumberland valley and the seat of government. Pittsburg.’' General Washington left the city of Prom a letter published in Cline's Philadelphia on Tuesday, Sapt. 30, ac¬ Weekly Gazette," I make this extract: companied by his private secretary, Bedford, Sunday, October 19, 1794. Bartholomew Dandriage, and Secretary Testerday about 4 o’clock in the after¬ of Treasury Alexander Hamilton. Jacob noon the Governor with the remainder Hiitzheimer in his dairy of Sept. 30says: of the army arrived at this place. We "That great and good man General remained all day at Strasburg on Tues¬ Washington, president of the United day, near to which the Pennsylvania States, set out from his house on Mar¬ troops held their election. From Stras¬ ket street, with Secretary Hamilton on burg to Lyttleton the army marched in his left and his private secretary on his one day. This is a space of 16 miles and right, to head the troops called out to in the course of which, it passed over 3 quell the insurrection to the westward." great mountains. In about 6 days the At Norristown where he dined he pass¬ army has proceeded 80 miles, and a ed some of the militia on their way to great part of the road is the most moun¬ Carlisle. Twenty-five miles from Phila¬ tainous in America. The president is delphia he lodged for the night at “The expected this evening from Fort Cum¬ Trap.” He breakfasted at Potts Grove berland, which is about 30 miles dis¬ and dined at Reading where he found tant. infantry and cavalry preparing to At Bedford they were joined by the march to Carlisle. He stopped at Wom- Maryland and Virginia troops and on elsdorf and was much interested In the Thursday, October 23, the army took up canals and locks between Myerstown its line of march for Pittsburg. On and Lebanon. He lodged at Leb¬ November 18 the army began to move anon that night. The next morning he ' on its return from Pittsburg and the breakfasted at Hummelstown, reached j insurrection was over without the rtied- Harrisburg in time for dinner, where he iding of blood. The march of the Penn¬ remained until the following day. In sylvania and New Jersey troops on [his diary he says: "At Harrisburg we their return from Pittsburg as set forth found the 1st regiment of New Jersey, in an order of General Lee was as fol¬ about five hundred and sixty strong, lows: commanded by Col. Turner, drawn Miles. out to receive me. Passed along list day’s march, to Heilman's from the line to my quarters and Pittsburgh .i. 15 after dinner walked through and 2d, to Dutchman's, two miles west round the town, which is consider- of Greensburgh . 14 kble_fpr its age of about eight or nine their respects to him. _At paid their to day morning, Oc- The burgess, in behalf of the da;yhSfe he left Chambersburg. “The citizens, delivered to him an address to tober 13, he fete if doors and the pres- which he replied. On the morning of people were at their ^o^ saiUtatlons the 4th he started for Carlisle, fording Sffe str^on ^ the Susquehanna in -his carnage w hich he drove himself. General Washington says: On the oavrying^’a’targe portmanteau. Cumberland side I found a detachment Atter ten of the Philadelphia light horse ready Greencastle. on me d„ a rough- to receive and escort me to Carlisle of its pub^,di®dUfg now known as the seventeen miles, where I arrived about cast house which Qf the original Eachus Pr°P “Hrfor&pVaSe^rS'S C°The valley at Fannettsburg Is nearly ^efidl which htind. « » the e«t. two miles wide and the town is neailj three quarters of a mile long. SSt"“h.nt»o0inthaC. which ferns... ' The hill south of the town (and very close to it) is said to be the highest elevation above the level of ^ogo- i€rHi cocheague in the valley and front this hill there is a very fine ^nob- valley. Looking northward the Knob five miles away rises very abruptly an is the end of the mountain that sep arates Path Valley from Amberson. not say exactly at what PO^t * ^as It also affords a good view of the j lower or southern end of Amberson s , Valley. Still further in the distance | bf- »tr:s 1 one can see where Concord is located , and the entrance to Little Horse ^ al fey which extends into Perry county and to the left of that the swing round *nThe°aiSanei from Bedtord »Sproat. the end of the mountain that leads through the Concord Narrows. To the At ' -wee.. ,—-Lit} . ■■ bythe turnpike is 1. 0.« “»« south there is a good view of Cowan. >»™ “”>vid“eyd a, .01- Gap, and further on the location of KSfc Bedtord ,0 B'oody fun, ^nrdea Fort Loudon—although the t0^n ‘ gelf—owing to a peculiarity of the thence to crossing 1> mile.., mountain range can not be seen. Bo ¬ SFr“m SP~ata eastward the Three at the upper and lower end ot the val_ lev the mountains seem to come to Mountain _ Boad down get her so as to give it the appearance sl°PeRay s +>iroug,h th6 Lyons Gap ot being entirely hemmed in oy moun- ;'oh'opjTcoiU/o. Bolt™ counjy tapassing over a range of the Kittoch- tinny mountains he journeyed through Horse Valley, then commonly known as Skinner’s from the fact that the two IISIIaliMa faverns in this valley were kept by two tarn Lyras’ to Fort Lyttielon. thence < brothers the Skinners. This is a valley Sou'L mil. in width .M M-, ^RespectfuHy'^our Friend guinet, which rises in its southwestern P John M. Cooper. extremity, flows through it. Tms is ihe (| After a journey of thirty-seven miles only point Washington makes mention ,, General Washington reached Burnt of from Bedford to York. In a letter to j, Cabins. This was the longest days Alexander Hamilton, who aocompamed { travel in the journey to and rro the army to Pittsburg, Geneial_Wash , ington under date of Sunday, October ‘i6 writes, in part, from Wnghts SrStHfor the carriage horses, hut they p without ac- jramrt it howlver well. The road was cident to man, horse or carnage, a | a verv stony and hilly one. Burnt tho’ the latter has had wherewith to Cabins is situated at the base of a high try its goodness; especially in ascending i knob, sometimes called Sidney s Knob the North Mountain from Skinners by I The little Aughwick creek rises in Allen a wrong road; that is by the old road ' Valley and flows by Burnt Cabins. A which never was good an# » rendered short distance north it unites wrth next to impassable by negiect Littleton creek and forms the | The ride up the mountain is long and Aughwick, emptying into the Jumata tedious but the view from the summit east of Mount Union. That tl^uild is .charming and well repays the toil lodged at the Red Tavern, a log build of ascending. As General Washington ing which was destroyed by fire some , looked out over this valley he must ha\ years ago. Its successor stands on the been stirred with the panorarna that stretched at his feet for miles and miles 'in 1750, by order of the provincial Not dotted with towns and villages and government, the pioneer settlers^ wo beautiful farms but then with about the had disregarded the limits of purchase same proportion of forests to cleare from the Indians beyond the Kittoch- Ss, as the cleared lands bear to the tinny mountains were evicted and their forests to-day. The distance down the cabins burned At Aughwick cabins mountain is about the same as; that were burned and from this fact the vil¬ up from Skinner’s, with occasional glimpses of the valley below At the foot lage derives its name. , The story is told that for many yeai- of the mountain he reached Strasburg. It was a town of much importance as the proprietor had the book in which General Washington registered his a trading point in those days and ther I name and that it' was burned m the fire. ■ ___ 1 were said to be seven taverns in it at the | dose of the last century and they were at it General Washington and his com¬ unable to entertain the travelers and pany lodged. It is one of the traditions : teamsters. Often the street would be so among the descendants of Samuel Rip- full of wagons and horses that it was pey that one of the company—whether difficult to get through the town. servant or officer, is not stated-was Joseph Gilmore, who died in 1879, is drunk, and by order of the general he authority for the statement “that he was marched around the streets and often heard his mother speak of seeing finally ducked in the stream to hasten a return to soberness. I General Washington as he passed, out ! of the lower end of Strasburg." rhe citizens of Shippensburg to-dav i John Schliehter, who lived to an ^Vide?ce, of .^eir wisdom and cul- old age, said when he was a boy tivated taste by impounding its waters about ten years old his father took him at the fountain head in the South Moun¬ to town and he saw General Washing¬ tain, bringing them into their town by ton as he passed through Strasburg. k n<3 makin§’ use of them as a regularrf?Zlty beverage. He tvas wont to describe the uniform and general appearance of Washington Thursday morning, October 23 the as he saw him. journey was resumed and Car¬ Midway between Strasburg and Orrs- lisle was reached. At Simn- town is Pleasant Hall, a hamlet of a I a Jerry (New Cumberland) dozen or more houses. In 1794 there resided General Michael Simpson who was one house, and that a log one, as a boy of fifteen, marched with Gen¬ which still forms a part of the present eral Boquet’s forces through this valley building. It was likely a tavern in those He served continuously during the days and has often been used as a tav¬ revolution and was promoted for his ern or store until comparatively a recent bravery and ability. With Gen ' date. The neighbors of the community I eral _ Simpson, his friend ^and ■ who heard that Washington would pass WtQoUamtanCe’ General Washington that way were gathered to see him. | ^d8ed , on the night of &th" Among these was William Davis, who re¬ to nS.xt day he journeyed sided a short distance south of this point. OctnlTer k'oa Saturda>' afternoon, His son, Robert, who died in Crawford Octobei -4, °uhe rode througli the county, Ohio, in his ninety-fifth year, | ram from York to Wright’s Ferry to which place his father emigrated, | (Columbia) where he remained over oftetl related the circumstance of his °n TSunday. October 26. he pro- father, holding him up in his arms to i i 'on'V0 Lancaster, where he lodged. get a good view of Washington as he Gn Tuesday morning, October 2S ’mh i passed. Three and a half miles beyond ; runs Herron's Branch, formed by the Sdrri°vyh,einUtnited ^SS and hi! streams that flow from Strasburg and from Bedford and hl°Wn (phhadelphia) Culbertson's Row. On the west side of it stood a log house which was burned about 1843. It was known as the Black Horse and kept by Daniel Nevin. The maid of all work around the tavern was ! Sibbie Richards, who afterwards be¬ came a noted midwife in the com¬ munity. General Washington and his retinue halted here at noon and inquired SadltloSS hfv“t t£iSSb“^ Some if dinner could be had for his party. The answer from the maid was: “We have nothing but an old-fashioned pot- pie ready, to which you are welcome.’’ The general said the dinner would suit them and the party dined at the Black ed by wav of thf1 he return- j Horse and rescued its name from obli- i v ion. this has always been a current story in that community and is vouched for by a daughter dead but a few years On the other side of the stream stands the old stone mill, built by John Herron ; It was grinding flour for the army as . the general passed and its mill wheel still runs to grind the grain. Four miles further on Shippensburg was reached, coming into it on the road at a point he passed out on ten days before. Coming down from the South Mountain and mingling its waters with ■ was made by The *5? return the spring at the head of the town ! r°ad" « set firth in thls^er**™"^11 lazily run the Branch. Along the north side of the street, close to the bank of body of cavair?Ct!ber U> the whoIe the stream, stood a stone house built bv William Rippey in 1738. It was en- latged at the close of the revolutionary war by his son, Samuel Rippey. lutant General Anthony W White nf Near it was a large stone building formed coSfS'taf erected in 1750 by Samuel Rippey and and several nth m comPanies under later used as a distillery, it was spoken mand nf n ther corps under the com- of in 17o4 as a safe and secure place for Bedford S01' marched for military stores. In 1794 he continued to Rock the fir0ht a encarnped at Mount Keep >t as the Black Horse tavern and _«ock the first day and according to Captain Dewees reachecT'Strasburg next fr ScSJ&pmy iTtrie Mmm-.w*. • of the Seventh Bay Baptist ho day, remaining until Wednesday morn¬ niuE for hearty a hundred year. .. ing' for the purpose of giving the Penn- J ' the home'of monks and nuns. , sylvania troops an opportunity to take Us location could not have been better se- i part in the state election. lectfed. If’ is. jtis.t such a pretty, quiet pluce John Shippen writes from Mount as would leaS the lover of nature to a rel- , Pleasant township. Inthisletterhe says: erence for the Creator of it all and-permit , “I believe I am accurate when I say Ihim to offer up his daily devotions va&te- ; there are about 1,500 dragoons of the turbed by the noise of the outei vorld. A 1 Jersey and Pennsylvania line. As to Ion", two-story building, composed of font the Virginia and Maryland horse we houses three brick and one stone erected at know not, but hear they are about 500 different times, and all connected, stands at, or 600. As to the foot of the Pennsyl¬ the foot of a slow-rising hill To the north vania line and Jersey line, they amount of it is a wide meadow deeply covered with ! to about 5,000. At Shippensburg the ™ through the midst of which pushes: army parted—the horse all went by along slowly and purling softly a spring | I Chambersburg, the foot by Strasburg.” cool water Crossing this scream on a small , i I am indebted to the following for in- bridge one comes to a square brick church 1 formation in the preparation of this or meeting house, as it is indifferently called, i paper: John M. Cooper, Captain J. D. coated with plaster and kept white as snoNv i Walker, Dr. W. H. Egle, Dr. William with reneated .amplications of a va.h of | Nevin, Rev. H. W. Ash, P. M. Shoe- - "laked Umc. TO-the east is a busy :flouring > maker, C. W. Cremer, Mrs. Mary A. mill that rumbles along even day of the i 'Orr, Mrs. B. F. Nead, John C. Wagner, T week except Saturday and Sunday (and ! George H. Stewart, B. M. Nead, W. A. ' sometimes on the latter day) and south of j Kelker, Miss H. V. Reynolds, Miss ■ the old convent are the foundation walls of ! Ellen Hays, Mrs. T. J. Nill, W. C. a^anlnt cotton and woolen mill which the ! Kreps Dr. F. A. Bushey, Donald Mc- monks and nuns operated. _ ,, ! pherson; also to an article published m The convent dates its origin fiom the ycai ' the Pennsylvania Magazine of the 1800 Once within its walls were gatheicd I Pennsylvania historical society by Wil -Vrnany m forty anchorites, who passed ’ Ham S. Baker, entitled “Washington their lives as unselfishly apart from the i After the Revolution, 1784-1799,” an in w orld and as religiously as the P0 ^ teresting production from the pen of one convents of the middle ages. iliey eu members of the sect established by Conrad j who has devoted much time to the life Beitel at Ephrata. Pa.; they followed his and time of the first president. stern precepts, slept on wwfTen plilou-, to ■ did he, prayed his prayers, and sang the music which his Ephrata choirs made fa¬ mous. Now, there is but one occupant of che /r cloister, a nun who secured recentadnhg- t-ince that the possession of me propeiry From, 4-1 mjo-bt not pass from the Seventh Day Bap- tist Society Previous to this hitter's accept¬ ance of the life of a recluse Catharine Byoek rzS.- was the only nun for several years in the his- mrical structure. ,She had taken the vows of the order In her youth and had lived m the , 2-f. /iff convent for more than half a century. Be- j Date, . 7 fore death gave her release she ^as a belp , [ess wonian forgetful of the religious rites j she had practiced so faithfully as a y u ^ {j unheeding of the passing of tlie days sate u as they brought light and darkness and food "coni-ad Beissel (or Peysel, as il ls » THE ORDER OF times spelled), who was the- found/a of t Moiiastfca, Order of the Seventh Day Ba^ tist Society, and of the society itself, vas THE SOLITARY horn in tlie Palatinate, Germany, in 1690. He was of brilliant intellect and masterful manner and played a violin ■ with^ ^ FOR A HUNDRED YEARS IT HAS BEEN He was originally a membef of the Retoimea A HOME FOR MONKS AND NUNS. Church, hut became .l^tisfied witli ife tenets and joined the Mystics It » Mt 1 ionir until lie became more mystical than his Beissel came to Amienea in l fiO THE LAST OPEN CONVENT ■md was given employment foi a year >y Peter Becker, preacher of the P^er pel.] cremation of Germantown. Then he per It Dates Its Origin From 1800-Convad funded a friend to become an anchonte a. 1 Beissel, the Founder of the Order, and t, oeiher they went to Lancaster county a- a ITis Fife-How the Order Got Its Foot¬ S a hutwhere they lived for son^time in 'poverty and privation About Wrio^ ing and Thrived—The Celebrated Eph- Beissel visited a convent in rata Cloisters* studied the rules of conventual Ufa. ivtei' Becker led a baud of missionaries t Enhrataf Lancaster county. Beissel joined K A PEACEFUL glade in Quincy \ him and was by him baptized. The youii^ ^ W township, Franklin county, is the eipio. In wever. soon came to Ji uioagieemcm. fl last open convent of the Order of ®§ the Solitary in Pennsylvania. h TTetaTEid from Lancaster county. Belssel nao mill Bis teneheTTU.H-UC1. He BellevetTEEat.., Sauiraf^, , , , ■ b-en here once or twice, probably, and be¬ ns the seventh day of the week, should be lieved a promising field was before his mis¬ ODserveuobserved as.as theiu*r Sabbath and he preached sionary work in the southeastern portion, this doctrine. Partingr» . ..j.!.. ~ from T}Becker rjv lit'he livi'Wdrev now known as Quincy and Washington town- Wltnwith himilini manynian.v of the older. minister s fol- ships. Miller labored wittt zeal and by l<7o lovers and established a new sect which he had secured enough adherents to found a denominated the Seventh Day Baptist bo- congregation and hold regular meetings; His first important acquisition was Andrew Beio'Sel soon introduced mohasticism into Snowberger and his family. Andrew Snow- his congregation at Ephrata and in 17-12 he- berger was a son of Hans Schneeberger a e.ni trie erection of the celebrated Ephrata Swiss property owner, who came with his cloisters Pie introduced, there regulations family to America “in the ship Queen of stricter than those of Roman Catholic con¬ Denmark, George Parish commander, from vents. wore himself and put upon his fol¬ Rotterdam, last from Cowes,” and also took lowers the robe of Capuchin monks, labored the oath of allegiance to the crown of Great zealously for the increase of his order turned Britain and to the Province of Peunsyl-i bis youthful musical skill to account m the vania. I formation of choirs which rendered with ex¬ Little is known of Hans Schneeberger. His j quisite effect the peculiar nut majestic ion Andrew was one of liis heirs and sue- . Enhrata tunes and in the compiling of the ceeded to a portion of liis lather’s land. An¬ Chor (iesaenge, a collection of hymns and drew Snowherger was a men of intense ie- tunes used by the monks and nuns may .of I ligious convictions. He belonged to what is these hymns being the composition of Bas- j known as the Amish branch of the Dunker ■sel himself. He died in 1<68. Church. He did not quickly embrace the doc¬ \mong Belssel's warmest supporters, and trines of the Seventh Day Baptists. It cost his host loved lieutenant, was Peter Miller. Peter Miller ninch argument to convince him that the seventh day of the week was the He was a man of extraordinary scholarship M •>nd as friar of the Ephrata commuuuj_ con¬ Sabbath and that there would not he much ducted a correspondence with many eminent secular inconvenience, and possibly persecu¬ men in Europe and America. His genius cud tion, to him in observing Saturday as the day much to extend the fame of the Seventh Day of rest and divine worship and in laboring Baptists and the Order of the Solitary. He on Sunday, when his neighbors were gath¬ was sent out as a missionary and in his ered in their churches and unprepared for 1 on me vs visited Franklin county, then a the rumble of the mill and the swish of the part of Cumberland county, and but lately . tKmar~ * ' - 1 / - . • mt MBS. ti'i'.-iin scythe. But Mr. Snowberger was (Tuni- fy satisfied oii tills point. Tradition in the . .. •a) branch did In* prove n congregation fcas it that Mrs, Snowberger *>“ ot ail the .secular affairs T v.nis the chief persuader, that she esponaed and during his term of office'the grist the side of Preacher Miller so ardently that _ r&s erected in her husband could not do otherwise than name time the workshops of thi ,:lb'r;'t 11)0 >icla. At any rate, Andrew Snowberger be- C,‘r-n1Pv..thr 1<>fu'1(M'y* the Antietam or Snow 11 ill Societyf us it was clenoniinated. Lehman & Co. was the title f , 1 “'r ; At. the outset he met opposition to his pur- P°fe at tinow Hill. Andrew Snowberger did Only the 'bwTr not believe in conventual life. It was'forbid- flour, the remainder being fed bv the u f°r ilen to him, of course, but he did not ap¬ prove of it for others. The faith of the Seventh Day Baptiste was sufficient to him without this appendage. But he fell as he tell once before. His wife and his unmar¬ inquired as to the makers of tt^! " 8 ried daughters set themselves to the work the teamsters carried bad . ,flo,l,r* aiKl I the good pastor wanted done, and for the second time the gentle, admirable old man n.ght, except Saturday. Hurintr •It ?, • waH persuaded against his will. He con¬ sented to help in the dissemination of the 3\2i!3 the mo35 ?c,mel,aftor I£ev- Lehman's way, and about 1.-00 the Snow Hill branch of the Order of SC^SS? na“Sri the Solitary was organized in his stone residence, which he had erected in 1793. This building became the convent of the or- like linen goods and woolen pieces for the der. A portion of it was used for fourteen mens winter clothing and for !, n years as the home, also, of Andrew Snow¬ berger and his wife. Pour or six young women (the number is not certain) among StSrl* =“ =« them one, and possibly two, daughters of omVn- tbe, lucreasinS growth of the order Mr Snowberger, offered to do all the house¬ drew hold work of the institution, asking only that clothing and food be furnished them, J heir offer was accepted and with them and several men, one a son of Mr. Snowber- chiUl-ea^tl lle Proposed' to hi) oft-Lt gci, the monastical society began its exist¬ ence. If Andrew Snowberger was at first indis¬ posed to be moved by Pastor Lehman's monastical inclinations, he soon burned his bridges and became one of the most enthu¬ siastic supporters of the new order Time and money and labor and children he de¬ eration was nffioh T'Ce deed „f^!|e ZT-'' voted to it. The records in the Franklin county Court House show that his aim for cfcd lomZd iU th! Vmam» County'Recor! some years was to confer monetary benefit tZ 0fhcP’ was to “Abraham Ely, Mm *.tiov berger. John Monn, Charles * Hou di “ £l0™e "P011 the recluses. On January In, J80-1, he sold to John and Barbara Snow¬ the ibiiaham Burger uncl 011 members of the religious society of Seventh iiav berger, two of his children, “Snow Hill ” a tract of 113 acres and 120 perches, which he [ Baptists of Snow Hill.” The 106 acres l »okl ‘were the remaining part of ' had obtained by a.patent from the Common¬ wealth of Pennsylvania to him and his heirs 11U 1S(H V?'eC\by1 patent of the State, May 1 Hw two children paid him £S00 for the U, 1803, to Andrew Snowberger.” The tract On April 28, 1806. John Snowberger andPto L7a/ t0 bS “f°r these Purposes only * d to and for no other use. To and for- the purchased from John Tom, for £50, “the privilege by a dam made on ills own and Monastical Branch of the society now livid part ot said Tom’s land to raise the water bergerSIpn^ ^ S?0W HU1- viz, ‘ John Snow” so high in the dam that the same may be Ten-'’* ,.Larbara Leman, Catharine Hough raised or swelled up said John Tom’s spriim Llizaoeth Snowberger, Barbara Snowberger' 1 that rises by a large black oak tree, near Jnc toethe1rOW 'Ser and Snznnna tCvock! tue spring houso in the meadow, in such -nd to their successors forever, and every manner thlt said water shall not come one ot them members belonging to the Mo- nearer than six or seven perches of the head nastical establishment of the said religious o_i said spring at low water mark bv occa¬ society of Snow Hill and partakers of the sion of said dam.” At the same time John Holy Sacrament of Jesus Christ, agreeab'o Snowberger bought from John Tom two to the rights and tenets of the said religious acres and ninety-two perches of land, on society and all and every such other per. „cm or persons' as shall or may hereafter foi 877 he '!l >0Ve dam was Wrt* located, associate or be admitted to the said so- ciety in their own proper and sole person On November 1, 1800, Andrew Snowberger repurchased from John and Barbara the 113 rii-e° sha.U.01' ma*f adhere to the religious ntes and tenets there professed. To take acres ol land, paying them therefor £1,000 receive, enjoy, the fruits, grass, woods, mi- , In Ins nouse continued the convent until' loll, when the increase of members made whd° S’ 1Sf’e*’ proflts aiul emoluments I whatsoever of saul lands, etc*., to and for the ! necessary to erect a separate building general use, benefit and behoof of the mem- I f .,Ah :ln,'hontes- It is still standing and bers belonging to the Monastical establish¬ dowdoi ^lLfelaso loeio 3-0x12 0inches, St,°rl< 'Sin high size. ^ win- ed’ “°w living and residing at Snow Hi;! anrl to their successors forever.” Trustees ' Andrew Snowberger became the first prior of tne property were to be elected every ! ->f the p^ic^iind ;y diiigeiit, scrupulous head fourth year, Mr. Snowberger made „ provi- .: ' "w" —• mou of the article, and the members load¬ ing secular and monastical lives were to have weinup bTcTpoilerl the buildings. Ex¬ officl these trustees from the'r own number. cept for these lighter portable articles the On September 1, 182:5. Audrey Snowbcrger convent remains as it was, more than h.uf had purchased from his son, John, (he two a century ago. The rooms of tne monks and . acres and ninety-two perches the latter bad mins are preserved unchanged, and even the procured from John Tom. as told above, small apartments in which they gave the | paying John ifoOO for the laud, which in¬ wayfarer, be he never so disreputable a cluded the dam. This was embraced in the tramp, a lodging for the night, are as they property sold the Mopastical Society. were in other days. On March 2T, 18315, John Snowberger deed¬ And now the convent is about to be closed ed to John Morin, Charles Hoeh. Samuel as a convent. At the last annual meeting, , held a few day,5 ago, steps were taken toi OU0WU“lo“Snowbergerl and‘-uu David* Snowberger, trusteest . thw oefntf*i of~ -P tlio4-1-v Sovontli Thiv1^:1 V "RHnutisr JV lit l K t" the transfer of the property to the Seventh Societysociety aiat ouuwSnow Hill, twenty-five acres and+Vlft Day Baptist Society for other purposes than i. - .j: loixl 1 jiuety-one perches of land sul3omin„ the those of the old mouastlcal branch. argot- property for *400. “in trust only to The- Snow- Hill congregation is now- the uid for the use of the Mouastlcal Soc ety largest of the denomination and has nearly! residing at Snow Hill agreeable to then one hundred members, who observe Saturday j deed granted unto them by a certain An¬ a* the Sabbath so far as their secular rela¬ drew Snowberger, bearing date September tions with their fellows will permit them, j ■}■} ]823, to and for the use of the sole mem and it can be said that they so regulate be’rs of the aforesaid society and their suc¬ their business that they are but infrequently | cessors forever, and to and for no other use, interrupted in their method of spending the) intent, meaning or purpose whatsovei. I..u- day Some of them at times work on Sun¬ bara Snowberger, m a deed simil.uly w day giving it no different consideration , cd conveyed ninety-eight perches to the from week-days, but as much as possible I same trustees. This comprised the property they avoid this, in deference to the customs j now for nearly three-quarters of a century of their neighbors. Revs. John Walk anil j owned by the Seventh Day baptist - o i John A. rents, of Quincy, are the pastors ciety for it's Mouastlcal l Branch of the congregation. There still exists an- Peter Lehman (lied January 4. ISM. an1 1 other congregation, though of small member¬ was hurled at Snow Hill. Andrew brrowbei; ship in Bedford county. Their church is near ler died in 1825, two years after he had co Salemville, and Revs. Jacob Diamond, David -eved las property to the society. His bop, Long and Emanuel Specht occupy the rela¬ tamud, succeeded him as prior Into his tion of pastors. , , , Himinisl ration the convent had its largest Their principal article of belief is found number of Inmates, and the congregation in their claim that the seventh day of the week is the Sabbath. They believe in the thDurinsRtbett«m of Samuel Snowberger as Trinity and do not hold many views apart Pdnr the buildings of the society were from those taught by the majority of Chn- LuUlv increased. In 1820 the large meeting tian churches. house'was erected, the room In the content 1-avin" capacity for only .a portion of the -mrire The lower room was used for ^Th^passing'^o^the'^loiifi'stical Order has not been without its element of sadness. Ti e cloister and cloister life were distinct fea From,. .. 25 /0 tyvs and thur 1-1' |ft_ fQ1. the membcrs ■ congregation the of^he11 Jnd relic hunters - ’•V The German Influence in Pennsylvania.' A Paper Read Before the Kittochtinny Historical Society of Frank¬ lin County, by M. A. Foltz, Thursday Evening, Sept. 22, 1898, at the Residence of J. S. M’llvaine, Philadelphia Avenue. I Because of a disinclination to embla¬ arithmetic, and gave of their best sons zon on the banners, which they have car¬ to the service of the State and Nation. ried steadily forward in the van of civil¬ To them, indeed, belongs the credit for ization, their victories in the realms of the early form of government and the the spiritual, intellectual and material- character of the early settlers. The and because of that racial trait of unob¬ Quaker religion was derived from Hol¬ trusiveness which has produced a secre¬ land and Germany. It was there that tiveness as to their personal affairs, the was evolved the thought of the doctrine Germans in America have received but of the inner light, the doctrine that each scant credit for the influence they have man had within himself a test of truth. wielded. Historians are striving to col¬ Penn learned this doctrine from the Ger¬ lect the scattered evidences of the use¬ mans principally and he sat at the feet fulness, and the virtues, the indomitable of some of their most noted scholars in spirit of these unselfish, God-fearing and their own country. And so greatly was rather uncommunicative people who were he impressed with these people that when content with the accomplishment of he began making up his colonies for his great things and cared not for the ex¬ grant of land in America he urged them ploitation of them. They are succeed¬ to enroll themselves among the number. ing in good measure, but" it is doubted whether they will ever be able to pay a They had suffered severe persecution for religion’s sake, they had endured hard¬ just tribute to the pioneers of the great ships innumerable and through it all had Teutonic people in’America. The Ger¬ mans did not “sing of arms and men ” conducted themselves with fortitude and they threw away the means for the writ¬ submission, gaining strength of charac¬ ter and earnestness and a lofty faith in ing of a complete history of themselves God which fitted them for the struggle because they attached no importance to with the wilderness. Penn recognized such a chronicle. Bancroft says : “Neith¬ all this and in 1682 invited the Menno- er they nor their descendants have laid claim to all the praise that was their nites to settle in Pennsylvania. In 1683 due.” Enough has been saved, however thirty-three people from Crefeld on the to justify the assertion that there were Rhine, along the eastern border of Hol¬ no better settlers in this country than land, came across the Atlantic under the these modest Germans. Their well- lead of Pastorius and started the erec- ' planted love of God and His laws, their tion of Germantown. These were the unflagging industry and their intelligence most important of the early German set¬ have had an influence in the moulding tlers and they proved such law-abiding, of the national character and the build¬ substantial citizens that not only did ing of the national prosperity which en¬ Penn urge more of their countrymen and titles them to our highest gratitude and people from the Palatinate and Switzer¬ our veneration. land to follow them, but Queen Anne, Pennsylvania more than any other of England, paid the passage of nearly State has been made great by the Ger¬ four thousand Palatines and Swiss to mans. They came here at the request of America, and King George I, impressed Penn, went upon the outskirts of the set¬ with their excellent qualities, offered tlements, felled the trees, made the earth Germans land in Pennsylvania, 50 acres blossom with grain, took from it its min- to each family in fee simple and enough erals, controlled the dispossessed Indian for too,(xx) families. when no other power could check his de- These facts are mentioned for the rea¬ sire for vengeance, built the church and son that the New England historians and schoolhouse side by side, taught the Bi- some of our own State have wilfully ig¬ ble and catechism with orthography and nored the influence of the German set¬ tlers and characterized them as ignorant Man “never committed greater i jJacob Shively amd Joseph Crunk letop. -.iStake. Hear Penn’s own testimony. I two Germans from Lancaster county, He wanted the Germans in Pennsylvania. settled in Antrim township, Franklin Glowing descriptions of the country, the county. In 1755 the Germans in the complete freedom of conscience af-1 State numbered between 60,000 and 7°;‘ forded, the humane government assured, } 000. That they were industrious, patri¬ were set forth in printed German pam¬ otic, sober and religious we know.— phlets and widely distributed throughout What was their influence upon the State? the Palatinate and Switzerland. When What part did they take in the struggles Louis XIV in 1685 revoked the Edict of with the Indians, in the Revolutionary Nantes, Penn wrote to his steward in war and other contests at arms; how did Philadelphia, with evident satisfaction, they educate their children that they that the effect of the repeal would be of might be good and God-fearing citizens, great advantage to the province in that and what impress did they make upon many of the Protestant exiles with skill the material development of the com- j and means would come to Pennsylvania. monwealth ? These are questions for , In 1709, when he had even better knowl¬ brief answer. edge of them than when he founded his In the delicate negotiations with the | colony, for their brethren had lived in Indians in the first hundred years of the | his bailiwick a quarter of a century, colony, Germans had the leading part. I Penn wrote to James Logan, his deputy, They exercised more influence over the as follows : “Herewith comes the Pala- • Red Men than any other person except j tines, whom use with tenderness and 1 William Penn. The German Moravians love, and fix them so that they may send went among them, learned their lan- j over an agreeable character; for they are guage, were to them teachers and physi¬ a sober people, divers Mennonists, and cians and bearers of the Divine Word, i will neither swear nor fight.” These lat¬ aud were a powerful instrument in lead¬ ter immigrants built homes principally ing them into humane paths. But chief in Lancaster county and many of their of all was Conrad Weiser, the great In¬ descendants found their way into this dian interpreter and peacemaker. He valley as far west as the Conococheague. was born in Afstaedt, Germany, Novem¬ In 1729 a committee of the Assembly ber 2,-1696, and came to this country said : “The Palatines who had been im¬ with his father in 1710, settled in the vi¬ ported directly into the province had cinity of Schoharie, N. Y., for eight purchased and honestly paid for their months made his home with the Maquas lands, had conducted themselves respect- or Six Nations Indians, learned their ! fully towards the government, paid their language and their characteristics, and taxes readily and were a sober and hon¬ when trouble threatened between them est people in their religious and civil du¬ and the settlers he it was who was sum¬ ties.” In 1744 Governor Thomas in his moned by the representatives of the pro¬ message said that the great prosperity of prietors to conciliate the Indians, and the State was primarily owing to the not only by the authorities of this State thrift and energy of the Germans, al¬ but bv the Governors of Maryland and though at the same time he complained Virginia was he begged to make treaties of their increasing numbers because he of peace and to stay the hand that was did not like them personally. So much raised in anger. No tribute to his faith¬ for the estimate put upon these German ful services lor many years could be too settlers by those in authority. It is a high, for, as it was said of him, if he quick answer to the charge’ that they could not prevail with the Indians none were ignorant peasant boors. could. His advice was always sought As said, Germantown was settled by and followed in the framing of action the Germans in 1683. Hundreds of Pal¬ concerning them. He was a frequent j atines succeeded them in the next few traveler through Franklin county on his years and settledTn Montgomery, Bucks, road to the western part of the Stale to Berks and Lancaster counties. In 1709 meet the Ohio Indians and more than the first settlement was made in Lancas¬ once spent a night in Shippensburg. ter county; in 1723 Tulpehocken, Berks One of his descendants, Rev. Reuben county, was settled by those Germans Weiser, resided in this county for twenty Queen Anne had sent to New York State years. He was a great-grandson of the and who had been robbed by Governor famous interpreter and came here in ■ Hunter, the Livingstones, Schuvlers, 1833 as pastor of the Lutheran church of Van Dams and others of their Dutch and St. Thomas. He remained there two English forerunners, and who came down years and then became pastor of the the Susquehanna in boats of their own Lutheran congregations at Grindstone construction under the leadership of John Hill and Marion. During his latter pas- j Conrad Weiser, the father of Conrad torate he resided in the Reformed par- J Weiser, the great Indian interpreter; sonage in Chambersburg, the Reformed j about 1730 Lebanon county was settled; pastor residing at that time in the resi¬ in 1734 York county received its first dence afterward occupied by Hon. Geo. 'j 1 German settlers, before 1745 Germans W. Brewer, on West Market street, h | were in Dauphin county and in 1760 or Rev. Weiser married a sister of ’Squire j \ 1762 they first entered Cumberland coun- William Bossart, of Hamilton township, j *-'> in considerable numbers. Many years He died in Denver, Col., recently. All y the-best authority makes it 1731, his family reside in the West. vania riflemen, nearly half of them Ger¬ Weiser, and Count Zinzendorf and mans and some of them from Franklin Rev. Spangenberg, of the Moravian county under command of Captain James church, stand out very prominently in Chambers. More than one impartial the history of the Indian negotiations. historian asserts that had it not been for Others might have done their work as the Pennsylvania Germans the Declara¬ thoroughly, but as thev did not accept tion of Independence on Julv 4, 1776, the opportunity, to these be all the credit would not have thrilled the world. Con- I gress could not proclaim the independ- It has been asserted that the Germans I ence of the colonies because Pennsyl¬ would not take up arms in the country’s vania and Delaware were opposed to sep- ! cause. Such a charge is false. As par¬ aration from England early in 1776. ^ tial answer to this charge, back in 1711 Pennsylvania came to the rescue. Her they sent 1000 men on the expedition German settlers had been deprived of rep¬ against Quebec. Probably they did not resentation in the Assembly and many participate in large numbers in propor¬ were without the right to vote because of tion to their population in the French and the limited franchise under the charter Indian war, but it must be remembered ot 1701. A meeting of representatives that the faith of the Menuonites taught of counties was called in Philadelphia to them non-resistance, and abjured the ta¬ form a new government. The Germans king of the sword. Moreover, the war was were given the right to vote and to send between the French and English, and the their people to that convention and the Germans owed no allegiance to either. They did not have the right of franchise convention authorized Pennsylvania’s members of Congress to vote for inde¬ and they were deprived of authority or pendence. A majority of them did so even representation in governmental af¬ fairs; they were on the outposts of the and July 4 was made possible and by colony and there they were busily em¬ German influence. The English mem¬ bers of the Assembly and the convention ployed in defending themselves from In¬ dian attacks. In Berks and Northamp¬ were divided, the Scotch-Irish were for ton, particularly, were there horrible In¬ independence but not strong enough to dian massacres and we have our own have a deciding vote and the German votes, the first they had cast, determined Enoch Brown, McDowell’s mill Ren¬ frew and numerous other murders to the issue in favor of the independent nation we now proudly call our own. commemorate the Red Men’s fiendish¬ ness and to emphasize the need of our In Cumberland county (of which Frank- men at home. But, with all this, Frank¬ I h“ was then a part) the settlers, many lin county sent companies to the Eng¬ of them Germans at that time, on May lish army and there were some of 28, 1776, held a meetiug and presented a our early German settlers in it. But memorial to the obdurate Assembly ask¬ to one German, already mentioned, the ing that the instructions given by that country owed more than it could have body jn 1775 to the delegates to Congress owed to regiments of soldiers. Had it be withdrawn. Those instructions op- pos^d action that might lead to a separa- not been for the influence of Conrad tion from Great Britain. Weiser the Indians of this State would have joined the French openly and in Nor did the Germans stop here. Let it great numbers and the resulting carnage be blazoned brightly on the pages of to the settlers and the colonies would their history that there were no German tories. They gave of their talents, their ytealth, their lives, to their country, and Sr. '•sjfcK.'ws?..Braddock in a letter ?«¥»*to Governor «*• Morns, of New York, written May 24 all cheerfully. They offered organized bodies to Congress and their associations £e^ere.nce to his expedition’ said: In short, in every instance but in were perfecting themselves in company and regimental drills. Lutheran and my contract for Pennsylvania wagons, I Reformed churches issued manifestos ad have been deceived and met with noth¬ -1 vacating armed resistance. In 1775, be- ing but lies and villainy.” It is hardly necessary to supplement this with the fore the British settlers would agree to statement of a German historian that separation, the “Evangelical Lutheran there were few wagons owned in Penn¬ and Reformed church consistory and the sylvania by any but Germans at that officers of the German association in Philadelphia” sent a formal message to the German inhabitants of New York and North Carolina reciting that the In the Revolutionary war the Germans Germans of Pennsylvania near and far gave most effective aid. None can ques! have arrayed themselves on the side of tion their bravery; none can beHttle freedom and not only have established k«r;fcnfices. It was on June 4 , their militia but have formed picked that the Continental Congress called7for corps of rangers ready to march wher¬ troops and on Tulv TR ^ea . ever it may be required,” and "those who Nagel’s company of six-feet hun els cannot serve personally are throughout marched into Washington’s camrT-e 4 willing to contribute according to their tom from Reading, the first oMhe de' means to the common good.” fenders of the country to mak^ d From the southern extremity of our while back of .them. strodeJU PennsvL valley Rev. Peter G. Muhlenberg, the atriotic German Lutheran pastor, clos- ism sufficient to expend their own mon¬ ng his Bible in his pulpit in Woodstock, ey they were gladly summoned to high Va., went to the front, and accepted the place. But through it all the German colonelcy of a German regiment, to be¬ citizens preserved their loyalty to the come afterward a major-general in the State and by their industry and thrift Continental army. An able writer says laid surely the foundations of this rich of the Battle of Long Island: Long commonwealth. Island was the Thermopylae of the Revo¬ Only let it be said in closing this por¬ lution and the Pennsylvania Germans tion, that two-thirds of the Pennsylva¬ were its Spartans.” When in the winter nians in the Revolution were Germans, of 1776 Washington was in terrible ex¬ that fully as many were in the war of tremity with but 3,000 men, 1,500 Penn¬ 1812 and the Mexican war and that the sylvania recruits, nearly all Germans record of the Germans in the Civil war hurried to his aid and made Trenton and is beyond compare. Less than twelve Princeton possible, and Baron von Kalb hours after Sumter was fired on Penn¬ and Baron von Steuben, the latter the sylvania, the State of the Germans, ahead I right arm of Washington,” were Ger¬ _of all other States, had voted fsoo.ooo to put down the rebellion. Two hundred mans who helped not a little in deter¬ thousand Germans, 80,000 from Pennsyl¬ mining the issue of the war. When vania, fought for the Union. The first Washington’s army was in sore need ol soldiers to enter Washington after Sum¬ food nine Pennsylvania Germans gave ter fell were Germans from Pennsylvania their bond for §106,000 to buy provisions. and within a few days after Bull Run 16,-j At the same lime Christopher Ludwig, ; 000 Pennsylvanians, many of them of i whom Washington called “my honest German blood, were in the entrench-j friend,” aroused enthusiasm by his bnet ments at Washington to save the capital, j but patriotic utterance: ‘‘Mr. President, You know the story of that war. Let us I am only a poor gingerbread baker, but add only that thirteen brigadiers and; write me down for £200” and this after seven major-generals of the Union armyj Governor Mifflin’s motion to collect were of German birth. When Spanish l money to purchase arms for the Amer¬ cruelty sounded the tocsin once again the ican army had been negatively debated. Germans helped make up the American Mr. Ludwig afterward became superin¬ army and they were among those who tendent of bakeries for the Continental stormed Manila and Santiago and were army. Martin Hillegas, the first treas¬ among the first to occupy Porto Rican urer of the United Colonies and of the cities. United States, pledged his word and his To Pennsylvania’s list of honor the means for helping the army and bis Germans have given most liberally. They i needy countrymen. The Pennsylvania- have contributed, as Governors, Simon I German monks and nuns at Ephrata and Snyder, of Lancaster county; Joseph Bethlehem were publicly commended for Hiester, of Berks county; John Andrew their patriotism in nursing hundreds of Shulze, of Berks county; George Wolf, 1 sick and wounded soldiers after Brandy of Northampton county; Joseph Rituer, I wine and Germantown. From the fur¬ born in Berks county, but for a while a naces and forges of Lancaster and Berks resident of Cumberland; Francis Rawn counties, owned by Baron Stiegel, Geo. Shunk, of Montgomery county; William Ege and other Germans, went many of Bigler, of Cumberland county; John the cannon and ball for the use of the Frederick Hartranft, of Montgomery • Revolutionary army. The contributions county; James Adams Beaver, born in of men and money and subsistence by Perry countv, his antecedents on the the Germans to the army might be con¬ paternal side having come from this tinued at length did opportunity permit. countv. Let them be completed here with recall¬ The New England historian and he • ing to you the fact that the prominent whose name our county bears affected part the Pennsylvania Germans played to despise the Germans for their igno¬ in the Revolutionary struggle is given rance. They were as unjust as they j national and permanent recognition m were uninformed or, possibly, malicious. the statue of General Muhlenberg in the Franklin should have known better, but capitol at Washington . his attitude may be accounted for by the i Not for many years were the Germans fact that he was a New Englander. He j permitted to have place in governmental could hardly have been ignorant of the affairs, and yet the first Speaker of the real facts, for as a book-publisher he ca.- j House of Representatives. Frederick A. tered to the educated Germans by print- ! Muhlenberg, was a Pennsylvania Ger¬ ] ing large numbers of books in their lan- man, and he was re-elected Speaker ot j 1 guage. He evidently found the German ■I tke Third Congress. David Rittenhouse* pocket-book all right. But long before J 1 a German, was the first Treasurer of this be started his printing presses the Ger- . - state, as Martin Hillegas was the first mans were issuing their own books. Treasurer of the United States, and other Dr. W. H. Egle says that “prior to the , Germans held responsible positions, but, Revolution there were more printing as a rule, Germans were not allowed to presses operated by Pennsylvania Ger¬ hold office. In times of public peril or mans and more books published by them when the occasion demanded men of m- than in the whole of New England.” j I telligence, sound judgment and patriot They were the pioneers in furnishing the ;r • r * :"%■ 2 n means of spreading education. In 1696 | The SRffBfSns estab 1 ishe’d ‘ftfiffllG?’gen- . WilliamERittenhouse, or Rittinghuysen, erally church schools, wherever they set¬ built the first paper mill in America on a tled in Pennsylvania, but they did not branch of the Wissahickon creek. stop with them. They patronized the In 17 ip the Germantown Mennonites higher institutions and as showing the had their Confession of Faith printed in great number of German students in the English in Amsterdam, and reprinted, University of Pennsylvania in its early with an appendix, in 1727, by Andrew history it may be told that for seven j Bradford. This was the first book print¬ years the ancient languages were taught ed in Pehnsylvania for the Germans. through the medium of German. Christopher Sauer made the first type I11 1742 the first Moravian school was manufactured in America in 1738 in Ger¬ established in Bethlehem, and in 1749 a mantown, and in 1743 printed a great girls’ boarding school in the same place. quarto-size Bible in German, 39 years be¬ In 1787 Franklin college was established fore an English Bible was printed here. at Lancaster for the specific needs of the In 174,5 the Ephrata printing press was j German, and the first Pestalozzian school set up, and this has much interest for for children in America was founded by Franklin county for it was the property Joseph Neef, in 1809, near Philadelphia. of the Monastical order of the Seventh I In 1754 Henry Melchoir Muhlenberg at¬ Day Baptists, and much of its work was tempted the formation of free schools in sent to the Snow Hill cloister in Quincy this State, and in 1822 Governor Heister, township. More than fifty books were a German, introduced the ‘‘Latocasterian printed on this hand-press, and they are system” which was in use in this coun¬ now the rarest and most valuable of ty. William Audenried originated the Pennsylvania publications. Chief of the present free school plan of education. works published at Ephrata was the Governor Shulze, a German Lutheran “Martyrer Spiegel,” or Mirror of the ! clergyman, was an ardent advocate of it, Martyrs. It was a book much in favor i and Governor Wolf in 1834 effected the with the early Mennonites and Bunkers passage of the bill creating the and described the persecutions their fore¬ system by the legislature, while Gover¬ fathers had endured in the old country. nor Ritner gave permanency to it. Since The Ephrata monks had their own types then many of the State Superintendents and press and paper mill and for three of the schools have been Germans, and years fifteen men worked on the book. Pe¬ at no time have they proven richer bless¬ ter Miller, Brother Jabez, translated the ings to the youth of our State than dur¬ big volumes from Dutch to German, and ing the administration of the German when completed the work was a massive Dr. Nathan C. Schaeffer. folio of 1.512 pages, printed on strong, The Germans strive after education as heavy paper and well bound. It was a after employment. Their forefathers marvel of accomplishment and was com¬ came from the shadows of the walls of pleted in 1769. the great universities of Heidelberg, Tu- Peter Miller was frequently a visitor to bigen and Strasburg. The influence of this county and was one of the founders of learning was upon them all as, you will the Snow Hill congregation. He was, agree, the incense from the educational according to Watson the Annalist, en¬ shrines at Mercersburg college, Cham- gaged by Congress to translate the Decla¬ bersburg academy, Wilson College and ration of Independence into seven differ¬ the Cumberland Valley State Normal ent languages for mailing to the Euro¬ School has filled with its rich perfume j pean courts. And here we may add that the homes of our Franklin county people. the first printed account of the Declara¬ Of the devotion of the German to his tion of Independence was a German church little need be said. You know translation of that document in full that as perhaps his strongest and best which Heinrich Miller published in his | characteristic. Where he goes he sets up newspaper, July 9, 1776. j his family altar and where two or three Francis Daniel Pastorius, who accom¬ are gathered establishes a congregation. panied the first colony to Germantown It is not too much to say that his love for from Crefeld, was a man of great learn¬ j the Bible and his observance of its teach- ing. He was principal of a Quaker's ings are at the root of his peaceful dis- school in Philadelphia, ifiqS-’yo, and in j position, his thrift, his dislike of waste¬ 1702 organized a day and night school in fulness, his high citizenship, his unques¬ Germantown, charging his pupils four tioned patriotism. He was persecuted pence per week each for instruction. He for his religious doctrines and he bore was a most eminent man and to-the Ger¬ his oppression meekly until he was driv¬ mans what Penn was to the English. en from his home to find his refuge in Christopher Dock taught school in America, and here it was not to be ex¬ Skippack, Montgomery county, in 1714, pected that one of his tenacious disposi¬ and gave reward cards for meritorious tion would forget the God for whom he work by scholars. He also wrote a treat¬ had felt the tort ure. His children were ise on the art of teaching school which early taught the Divine precepts, and was printed twenty years afterward, in their voices singing the hearty German ! chorals were a sweet accompaniment to I77°' 1 j the ringing of the axe as it was swung | against the trees in the forest-clearing time,- or blended softly with the purlings ed. The Germans of the brook as they lisped the prayers prominent places in civil and mflita. and the catechism of the Fatherland. were nearly all Reformed or Lutheran. The Mennonites took little interest in pub¬ The story of the recovery of a little Ger¬ lic affairs, but built up that home-life and man girl at Carlisle illustrates the effect of that substantial character which has made a German cradle hymn. Hither in 1765, Pennsylvania synonomous with homes and after the Indian war, many white children prosperity. The Moravians were long ac¬ who had been taken captives by the In¬ tive in public life but of recent years have dians were brought to be identified by their not added greatly to their numbers. parents. Mrs. John Hartman mourned Such were the early Pennsylvania Ger¬ the loss of husband, son and daughter who mans and their descendants, and such their had been massacred by the Indians, but efforts and their influence. Education, re¬ yet another, little Regina, had been car¬ ligion and husbandry were given an im¬ ried away by them. Eleven years had petus by them as by no other settlers. Sent elapsed. Mother Hartman walked along to the outskirts of the white man’s lands the line of captive children and looked in they cut down the forests, made the land each face hoping to find Regina, but in productive, defended themselves and their vain. “My daughter is not here,” said the fellows in the east from Indian attacks, sad woman to Colonel Boquet. “Did you gave up their money and their men in the never sing to the little girl!” the Colonel Revolutionary struggle and established a asked. “Oh! yes!” was the answer; “I citizenship that has made Pennsylvania often sang her to sleep in my arms with an illustrious. She is not the mother of Pres¬ old German hymn we all loved so well.” idents, but she first conceived the thought “Well,” said the Colonel, “just sing that that became a living issue in the Civil War, hymn as you and I walk along the line of for it must not be forgotten that it was the girls. It may touch the right spot and Germans of Germantown who in 1688 give her to you again.” Mrs. Hartman be¬ made the first protest against the holding gan in a clear, loud, but tremulous voice to of slaves; she gave birth to the best public sing, school system this country knows and Ger¬ Allein, und doch liicht ganz allem, bin ich, man influence accomplished this; she was In meiner Ernsamkeit. the first colony to secure the friendship of “Alone, and yet not all alone, am I the Indian and a German interpreter alone In this lone wilderness.” kept that friendship intact; she built up in¬ Everybody turned to look and listen. It! dustries that have made her one of the was a touching scene. The pious old wid¬ richest States and her people unquestiona¬ ow’s hands were clasped in prayer. Her bly the most industrious and prosperous, eyes were closed. Her snow white hair and the German element in her population made her upturned face fairly radiant as must receive greatest credit for this. the sun bathed her in light. When she No one withholds tribute from these sang the second line, a shrill, sharp cry was Germans who have helped make Pennsyl¬ heard. It came from the heart of “Saw- j vania’s renown: the governors men¬ auehanna.” In an instant she rushed to tioned, Rupp, Egle and Dubbs, as histor¬ the singer’s side, threw her bare arms ians; Muhlenberg, Seiss, Gotwald, Schaff, around her neck, and sobbed, “Mother;” Rauch, Harbaugh, Gerhart, Appel, and then Regina joined her mother in sing¬ Schaeffer, Spangenberg, de Schweinitz, ing again the dear old song of their cabin ' Otterbein and Winebrenner, as theologians; home: Thomas Conrad Porter, Stahr, Hark, Baer, Schaeffer, Houck, as educators; Miller, of “Alone, and yet not all alone, am I In this lone wilderness. the U. S. supreme court, Heydrick, Penny- I feelany Savior always nigh; packer, Bucher, and Endlich, as jurists; He comes the weary hours to bless. Bayard Taylor, Henry Harbaugh, Dubbs, I am with Him, and He with me, Henry L. Fisher, of York, as poets; Samuel E’en here alone I cannot be.” Cunard, who established the first line of The registry of immigration shows that ocean steamers between America and Eng¬ with a few exceptions the Germans wrote land, Garrett of the B. & O. R. R., Gowan, their names; they brought with them their of the Philadelphia & Reading R. R., German Bible and Stark’s Gebetbuck transportation magnates; David Ritten- (Prayerbook). In 1708 some of the Ger¬ house, the astronomer, who had not a mantown settlers wrote to Amsterdam, the superior in Europe; Jame3 Lick, who publishing centre, for “catechisms for the founded Lick University; Dr. Gross in children and little testaments for the medicine, and P. F. Rothennel, who paint¬ young.” We have seen thatthe Bible was ed the famous “Battle of Gettysburg.” Erinted in German nearly half a century We are citizens of no mean county. Our efore it was printed in English, and it is land has been peopled by our race only an a matter of familiar knowledge that the hundred and sixty-eight years, but in that German Sunday school was one of the in¬ time it has given to the public service men stitutions cherished next to home. The who have occupied a greater number of Pennsylvania Germans devised Sunday eminent positions than has any other coun¬ schools, and thirty-six years before Robert ty in the Union. Settled almost at the i Raikes inaugurated the system in England same time by the Scotch-Irish and Ger¬ Christopher Sauer printed Suhday school mans the two peoples have become inter¬ tickets for the scholars. _ , mingled so that it is difficult now to tell The Mennonite church was established in many instances where one ancestry has in Pennsylvania in 1683, the earliest Re¬ predominance over the other. But the formed congregation was organized in majority of our citizens are of German de¬ Bucks county in 1710, the first Lutheran scent. This was not so at first. The Scotch- congregation in the same year in Mont¬ Irish were the more numerous. They were gomery county, and the Moravians began of the energetic, restless temperament that their work in Northampton county in 1734. made them brave and eager warriors, as¬ These were the earliest religious denomi¬ tute politicians and progressive citizens. nations among the Pennsylvania Germans The Germans made less rapid entry upon and their influence can hardly be measur- the lands. They were as intelligent as • - ' - nOt So II ttlai' I 4ni c°ngregatioh; at the same r,me when they must;'t3sy were ploddmg Tnt the Reformed congregation /. • ! Pme frugal, delighting in rich crops and comfor- Hill was organizef fit770n»f 9"a**®e table homes, ar *vhile they hurried for- ; ward their matf here byK„ p®:nerTeTatlon was established _riai advancement less | quickly than tW Scotch-Irish they made it much more see? , Defmanf In «« early history of the county tt y do not figure much ex- cept as honest, . •osperous farmers. They were not regard d with the same sense of equality byoy thuui Scotch-Irish as later and they were kep/in the background in eov ernmental afflirs. We hale no evidence 'SJ vV VVJ that they frejted much because of thLs church hadbeen preached Tenlu^ OI t,le they were satlfied.to build homes, when viously; in 177B the rqc6Cl jn years pre- they could dofso m peace, and pctJIk!!1 that solid foundation which they have1 al- waysiaid e^ywhere in their ^ommunl Benjamin Chambers was the first white ed congregation of Cham ho uG S -^e^orra" settler m Fraikhn county, but was no there tabhshld K more than a 'ear until Joseph GrooViS- ® Rev. Jonathan Rahauser was the ’rTc 1,92 and Jacob Srvely .settled inA ntotol? tOD pa3tor in Mercersbure in ismfprm‘ i John RuthraufF was thp ^ev* Jaasfss',Ran fin'Ih who came hither from family that lie second settler in Chmnberl- gamzed long before- thi^M d b(e.?n or' thU/\WaS oeoftheir ancestors. Whether this be cornet or not, it is certain that the Reishers wre very early settlers. Trim* u“v**/nere until 1804, when the r the Germsi Mennonites were in the ex a prS trr,mhen ^rtion of the county6 X fore the close of fiw ktf 25?* past°r; be- a Reformed congregatlon^To^there Yas the beginning of the nre^ 9mncy and at sstSSsHKaSHrSI Reformed and Lutheran peop^hekfseth® ces in one bull dins” in l7Qfv Newcomer preached the United Brethtlan doctrines in Rocky Spring aml fhnX®11 burg and his labors resultfd to tPbambers- to tho^ named were the a<^dl^on I sr “£ VVavnesboro hi tfln tc^n^?ation near .Mablished several congregSJ'TS ^CariyTttSor6 to hat has been done in the^r • fcllem- rJf the county The desire 1 hlst°nes ori'leia They SereSeM!,frT,lio“ tell, in as concise formnow, only to and thev had «,Lh influence the Germans hadP°SSllde’ ot Hie ty’s history in her educattonsf )n,i°Ur Poan' development and in arri™tnd r1elj8'ious chanical and commercilf ac ItU/a1, me~ refer to the part thev nioL,/fpeets and to and war. J played in statecraft Mritiar the immense influence exertedWi euca churches through them The RZ theS| the'^cdiurches, ftaus^ thf"^!, “ with church had Revs8 Sohlate part of the German and blcaJsTtt ,Wf a the schools, church schnS d d led to ular afterwW Thf G™1 flrst,and sec- Pel, D. Dr, ^lenry Harbaug’h d'd" FrtS' had most impress unon fhf nS wdo have errch AERa„ch ? ? ^ tory were members^ f the Refn°Unt/’s hlV eran, Mennonite Dun Ire r p.formed, Luth- United Brethrena i t,;, ,1'’® Brethren, churches. and isevcnth Day Baptist Loss than a dozon voti*c nft.,, ,, settlement of the countv Sfh£er tlle flrst 3 formed and Lutheran Jmrlto 1 [?e same time, G¥hTSet1p“4=r is oaliedthoj^ & ucator and here again the German has Wingerua, - been the contro ling power. ^J^in HThe ReftrmefKSes have had as history of the county there were German papers printed here. At . _ my.p such weekly publications were issued. The late Judg/Henry B«hy, in a histoncal ISTehmPanr th\ latter, who -sides near S. Lehman, the latter, w™ ““ sketch said: “There were but few families in town and country that dld ^ot tJ\®^ The Seventh Day^ ^^p“ter Miller, derstand the German language which ac_ counts for two weekly „PaP^® " Yn fcilt orior o/the Ephrata Monastery tainedin that language.” Judge Ruby in andone oFthe greatest scholars of hisi day, Rev Peter Lehman, Andrew Snow bei. e , t his statement proves two things, thecpiick Snowberser Joho Walk, John S?d»S of Se tUThe Germans were not numerically as strong at the Franklin county bar m the fi* IS S=‘yTh" rnSnoe of earlier days as their neighbors the Scotch¬ Se Reformed ohnrol■ ing! but they have given toplt; M^KimmFll STXf S^SidSTj*otaS™? Henry ^ Oakes were Germans. To-day 37 of the writers who hold U*jWJ1gj££r Ld 41 practicing members of the bar are of Ge?man afcestry, among them those ISLES' counted the leading practitioners. ] A like condition exists as regards t medical profession. The German practi¬ tioners were not so numerous in early days £They rrenow.whenthey are in amajority S>ution will never be erased Had 1 ranimn in the county, but Germans were at the —---- '| head of the v__ jre for many years. One- of the—-in first phy Chambers- ited,are owned by the same class of people. burg was Dr. Andrew Baum, a graduate of well-known Mennonite of Green town¬ German universities; the first physician in ship said the other day: “My grandfather Waynesboro was a German,' Dr. John in 1792- The slate lands were Oellig, who established himself there in ln- 5nuce for him to buy—they 1790, and bis descendants are still in the fnn ml 0 Centennial at Jacobs’ Church. scendents was Rev. David Jacobs, the founder of Pennsylvania Col¬ A large congregation gathered at lege at Gettysburg, and his father Jacobs’ Lutheran Church last Sun¬ day morning to celebrate the Cen¬ Rev. M. Jacobs was for many years professor of mathematics in the tennial of the-adoption of the first same institution. Also Rev. Henry Constitution of the church, which E. Jacobs at present, Prof, of theo¬ took place September 23rd 1798. logy at the Lutheran Theologica The chancel of the church was •Seminary at Philadelphia. The beautiful decorated with vases and latter wrote a touching letter o stands of potted plants and flowers. greeting which was read by the Over the pulpit hung the large and pastor. The pastor also read an nicely panel portrait of Rev. John English tran dation of ti e origina Ruthrauff pastor of the church from Constitution of the church prepar¬ 1795 for 40 years. A large choir ed by the pastor in 1798, Rev. J. led by Mrs. Jos. M. Bell rendered Ruthrauff. in exellent style several fine anth¬ The contractor and builder o ems. The pastor Rev. H. S. Cook preached au historical discourse, the present Jacobs church was Mr. Joseph Leiter of Lmtersburg, the i reviewing the history of the church from its organization about the fitherofthe Chicago millionaire, L. Z. Leiter, and grandfather of year 1791 to the preseut time. He Joseph Leiter, the famous wheat took for his text Dent 32:7 “Rt- speculator, of Miss Mary Leiter, member the days of old etc.” The speaker briefly reviewed the first the wife of Hon. George Cnrzon, settlements of the Lutheran fail lx Viceroy India, and Miss Nancy in this land, the settlement and Leiter, who on Tuesday of this organization of the churches in the week as representative of the State Cumberland Valley during the 18th of Illinois, christened the new bat¬ tle ship ‘Illinois’at Newport News Century and then dwelt at length Va. The pastor grateluly acknowl¬ upon the history of Jacobs’ church edges his indebtedness to Mr. Her¬ or church of Peace as it was origin¬ bert C. Bell a member of the con¬ ally named. The first church was gregation, for many interesting a somewhat pretentions log build¬ facts in reference to the early ing, subsequedtly weatherboarded, history of the church.^The present built probably about 1791. It stood on the site of the present church, most excellent“History of Leiters- burg District in Washington Co., was 25 feet square and had galler- Md.,” published by Mr. Bell con¬ es on two sides. The pulpit was tains a most interesting account of of the old fashioned high, wine glass Jacobs church, the oldest existing pattern, while in front, during ser¬ institution of the district. Mr. Bell vice, sat the Elders and Deacons and in front of them the precentor also prepared the translation of the Constitution and presented the who led the music of the congre¬ gation. The present church was portrait of Rev. Ruthrauff. built in 1841 during the ministry of Rev. F. W. Conrad, D. D. for many years subsqucntly the editor may, I think, be called contiguous terri¬ tory. First I will call attention to what ap¬ From, pears to have been a difference in the aspirations of the Germans and of the Scotch-Irish in Pennsylvania. Of the twenty-one persons who have filled the office of Governor since the adoption of j the Constitution of 1790, Mr. Foltz (cor¬ Date rectly in my opinion) names nine as of German extraction. They were the third, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, tenth, ttJ&.&rJL-ML f| f ft, f M twelfth, seventeenth aad twentieth Gov¬ ernors of the State, and the aggregate of the terms for which they were elected MEETING OF Til E KITTOCHTINNY was forty-six years. One of them, how-! SOCIETY. ever, (Shunk) resigned and died in the j first year of his second term. For thirty I Entertainment on Thursday Evening years—from January 1809 till January at the Montgomery House by Col. 1839—with the exception of the sing.e term of William Findlay, who was elect¬ James H. Gilmore. ed in 1817 and defeated in 1820, the Gov¬ Col. Janies R. Gilmore royally enter¬ ernor’s chair was filled by “Pennsylvania tained the Kittochtinny Historical Society Dutchmen.” Simon Snyder had the dis¬ I at the Montgomery House on Thursday evening. The occasion was the regular tinction of being elected three times and monthly meeting, and a large representa¬ beaten once. Joseph Ritner had the less tion was present, The President, Judge enviable distinction of being beaten three Stewart, presided. It was decided to times and elected once. George Waif was limit the membership to 50. It is now elected twice and defeated for a third j composed of 26. Application for ruember- term. His defeat was due to a division in {ship is to be made through tne Executive the Democratic party in 1835, when two Committee, of which Col. Gilmore is candidates were run by them. The three chairman, and Wm. Alexander Esq., candidates of that year were Germans— Secretary. The advisability of changing George Wolf, Joseph Ritner and Henry the places of meeting from private dwell¬ A.Muhlenberg—and the combined vote of ings to the Royal Arcanum rooms, the two defeated candidates was 12,367 or some other suitable place, was dis¬ higher than the vote of the successful cussed and the matter placed in the candidate, but a plurality was sufficient hands of the Executive committee. The to elect. next meeting, unless the above change is The Germans of Franklin county either made, will be at the residence of Maj. have not very earnestly aspired to seats Ives on November 25th, when Dr. S. A, in the State Senate or have been unfort¬ Martin will read a paper. unate enough to be disappointed. The The following excellent and interesting first to be elected was George W. Brewe r paper was read by Mr. John M. Cooper in 1856, and up to this time he has been Esq., of Martinsburg, Pa., formerly of followed by only one, W. U. Brewer, this place: elected in 1892. Two in one hundred and Being informed that a paper of a frag eight years is a small number. In the meatary character would be as acceptable House their showing has been much bet¬ I as any other, I consented to write one ter, and yet it falls below what their of this nature to be read at the October numbers and influence might, it would . meeting of the Kittochtinny Historical So¬ seem, have secured for them if they had ciety; and in considering the exact form exerted their power. Mr. Foltz has given that should be given to it, I have hit a list of thirty-three, modestly omitting upon the expedient of imparting to it, to his own name, which, being added, raises a certain extent, the nature of a supple¬ the number to thirty-four. ment to Hon. M. A. Foltz’s admirable pa¬ The first of these was Daniel Royer, per on the German element in Pennsylva-1 elected in 1794, when the county had three nia. This determination of 'mine is open members in the House, a number it held, to the objection that Mr. Foltz has reaped from that time down to and including the the German crop so thoroughly as to have year 1828.* Mr. Royer was elected in laft no aftermath to be gathered. I shall 1794, 1795 and 1799; John Statler in 1800,! mot undertake to glean his well reaped 1801 and 1802; Jacob Dechert in 1803, 1804,. field, but shall confine myself to what 1805, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813 and 1815, * 1 the remarkable number of nine times; and 1 his son, Peter S. Dechert, in 1821 and.1822,1 death orMi-T'WhitehiU, of CfeSuberland soon after which he fell into bad health 1 county, who had been elected in 1812. and died. Old men told me mere than James JohnstoD was once a “yearling,” fifty-five years ago that this Peter S. in 1784, but subsequently was given five DeUnert was the most promising young consecutive terms, 1788, 1789,-’90-’91-’92. man of his time in Franklin county. William Henderson had four successive | Jacob Heyser was elected three times, in term?, 1794-’95-’96-’97. William Findlay I 1807, 1808 and 1814; Ludwiek Heck five ,yas a “yearling” in 1797, but was after¬ times, in 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819 and 1828; ' ward elected four times in succession, Frederick Smith seven times, in 1823,1824, lS03-’04-’05-’06. Andrew Robeson, Stephen 1825,1826, 1829, 1830 and 1838, he consent- ’ Wilson and Ludwiek Heck; were elected ing to a nomination and election in this J at the same time three years in succession latter year for the purpose of rectifying’ a ] 1816-17-18 and Robeson and Heck in 1819, wrong which had been done to Franklin Wilson dropping out this year and giving county by the surreptitious passage of & place to William Alexander, who went1, bill transferring a strip of her territory to | out at the end of the year and came in' Adams county. J agaiD in 1824 and 1825. James Smith had I The heyday of German influence in the three consecutive terms, 1809-10-11. John county in its earlier years, so far as mem-j Cox appears as a “yearling” in 1814 and , bership in the Legislature was concerned, for three successive terms at a later date, covered the period from 1794 to 1830. 1828-29-30. The name ofMaclay appears Previous to 1794 no German had been at different periods: John Maclay in 1791 given a seat in the Legislature from and 1793; William Maclay in 1807,1808 and Franklin county, but from that year on I 1823; and David Maclay in 1812,1813, 1815, till 1830 her representation was generally ! 1851, and 1852. Thomas Carson had four composed of two Scotch-Irishmen and terms in the House. 1834, 1835, 1843 and one German. The exceptions to this 1814, and two in the Senate, 1845-46-47, and rule were in 1796,1797 and 1798, when no 1851-52-53. Thomas Johnston was Senator ! German was elected, and in 1826, when from 1794 to 1803; and James Poe, in ad- j there were two of them. In 1829 the 1 dition to six terms in the House, was Sen- county’s representation was reduced to at or from 1803 to 1807, and from 1811 to | two, and alter the election of Frederick ! 1819. . Smith in that year and in 1830, no Ger- j If we turn to the list of Judges of the j man was sent to the Legislature till 1837. Supreme Court of the State we shall not From that time on the representation fail to notice the absence of German has varied in its composition, being names. Out of a list of one hundred and sometimes equally divided between fifteen I am unable to select five that I Scotch-Irish and German and at others know to be Germans. There may be Wholly Scotch-Irish or wholly German. more, but if so I am uuable to pick them From 1851 to 1856 there was no German. out. The number certainly is very small. That element came in again in 1857, but And the German name is absent from the disappeared in 1858 and did not reappear list of Pennsylvanians appointed to the till 1862. The apportionment made under Supreme Bench of the United States. the new Constitution in 1874 gave Frank¬ There is a like absence of the name from lin three members and in several follow¬ the list of Pennsylvanians who have held ing’ years the Germans had the whole high positions in the Executive branch delegation. of the National government. This list ■{ Re-elections were not as sparingly given embraces a President, a Vice President at an early period as later. Whilst the and thirty Cabinet officers, and I believe German element carried off this honor in there has been no man of German blood the person of Jacob Dechert with his nine among them. And of thirty-six persons terms, followed closely by Frederick j who have been sent from this State to Smith with seven, the Scotch-Irish came | the United States Senate, I think not up well with six for James Johnston, six! more than three have been of German . for James Poe, and seven each for John j extraction. But let it be understood that I Rea and Robert Smith. It was a peculiar- j these are estimates which might be some-' . ity ofMr. Rea’s case that he was three ] what disturbed by more accurate infoi- I times aryearling” being first eleated in mation thau I now possess. 1785,then skipping to 1789 and then to 1792 Having been so successsul in obtaining He. was (Sleeted again in 1796 and re-elect seats in the Legislature,and so remarkably ed in 1777; and elected again in 1800 and re" successful in securing the Executive chair elected in 1801. If his hold was a little of the Comaifcnwealth, I conclude that slipper/ at first, he managed to tighen it our Geri'., .is directed their aspirations to firmly, for he was elected to Congress in these positions 1 and did not aim at those 1802,1'fOjl, 1806, TB08, and 1813—the latter ye^r Infill a vacancy occasioned by the ■ vvL icli rSquirlcf i profound knowledge of numerous' on the slate than on the lime¬ law or of the science of government on its stone. When wells had to be dug water highest lines] Mr. Foltz says they “were could be obtained in the slate at the depth not numerically as strong at the Franklin of twenty to thirty feet, without drilling county bar in the earlier days as their and blasting, whereas it could seldom be neighbors the Seotch-Irish,” and I think got in the limestone at a less depth than this was the case even in the counties that sixty feet and often ran to ninety or one were most largely German. hundred, with many feet of solid rock to I do not accept as correct “the statement be drilled and broken up with blasts of ! of S: German historian that there were few i powder. And then slate water was soft wagons owned in Pennsylvania by any but and could be used for all purposes, whilst Germans at that time, [Braddock’s expe¬ dition,] for the Germans were the farm the limestone water was hard and the ers and freight haulers, the most indus¬ “rain barrel,” as it was called, had to be trious men of the colony.” The Seetch-Irish depended upon for washing, for which of that time were mostly farmers, though purpose it furnished a scanty and preca¬ some of them were engaged in other rious supply. useful lines of life, and they must But whatever influence timber and have had many wagons, and certainly water and ease of cultivation may have were among the most active and most exercised over the settlement of the industrious people on earth. If I recol¬ slate lands, there was, in my opinion, lect my reading in connection with the another and a more controlling in¬ Braddock expedition, it was that the fluence. This was their location. counties of Lancaster and York, where An elevation of slate extends the the German element was strong, were whole length of this valley and lies west looked to for supplies and transportation of the middle of it. When the early set¬ because they were older and better set¬ tlers, following the star of empire west¬ tled, and therefore abounded more in ] ward, crossed the Susquehanna at Simp¬ surplus farm products, than the Cumber¬ son’s and Harris’ Ferries, they were land Valley. They had also, of course,( thrown against this slate elevation and more wagons, and perhaps some that had either to settle upon it or turn aside were larger than many in this valley, but from the course of the star^they were fol¬ this does not justify the statement of the lowing. They drifted where the tide of historian alluded to, that the Germans emigration carried them and found sueh owned all the wagons except “a few,’’and anchorage as they could along its course were “the most industrious men of the When limestone land came in their ;vay colony.” They were very industrious, they occupied lit, but they did not turn as they continue to be wherever they are aside from the emigration belt to search found in rural districts; but in industry, for it. \ energy, activity and powers of endurance, It is said they allowed their lands to de¬ the Scotch Irish early settlers of Penn¬ teriorate in productiveness. Precisely the sylvania never were excelled. same thing has happened in the second It has been said that the early Seotch- and third generations in our ' western Irish settlers chose the slate lands in pref¬ States, where New Yorkers, New Eng¬ erence to the limestone because they were j landers and Germans have, from the first, easier to cultivate and that they exhaust- far outnumbered the Seotch-Irish. Emi¬ ed them and allowed their buildings and • gration,in the old wagon days, created a fences to fall into a condition of dilapi¬ brisk demand along its line for dation. The inference drawn from this is 1 agricultural products;and as these brought that they were indolent and thriftless, in cash, which otherwise would I not managing well and doing no more have been very scarce, the land work than actual necessity compelled I was cropped severely. If the cash thu them to do. secured by our Scotch-Irish early settlers Nowit is true that the slate lands were I was not applied to the improvement of less heavily timbered than the limestone the soil and the erection of large barns, it and therefore could be cleared quicker nevertheless went to a good purpose. and with less labor, and expedition and They sent their sons to schools, Acade¬ | economy were of much consequence at mies and Colleges, and fitted them to be | that time. It is also true that they were clergymen, lawyers, physicians, mer¬ j easier to cultivate as well as quicker to chants, public men and business men of | become exhausted. But it is doubtful every variety, and in doing this they may whether lightness of timber or ease of have acted as wisely as if they had kept cultivation had very Much to do with them at home, spreading lime and the early settlement of the slate lands. manure, and making rails and fences, use¬ Water was an article of prime necessity ful as these occupations are in agricul¬ to the settlers, and|syrings were more tural communities and pleasing as it is . . 1 | to the eye to look upon well Improved I the heart of Franklin county, when the ' farms. 1 blazing fire-place cooked the food all the ! It does not appear from the testimony year round and warmed the family in of the Greene township Mennonite re¬ winter. ferred to by Mr. Foltz, that the Scotch- October 1898 John M. Cooper. Irish early settlers had made injudicious Mr. B. L. Maurer also read a pap er en¬ locations or allowed their lands to run titled “What I saw in Charlestown, W. down. He says: “My grandfather cam# Vsi., on the 15th and 16th of December here in 1792. The slate-lands were too 1859”, in which he gave an interesting account of the execution of Capt. Cook high in price for him to buy—they were a ad three of his associates. occupied by the Scotch-Irish, who found A banquet,was served in the dining hall | them easiest to work—and he bought a which was elaborate and highly enjoyed. The meeting was one of the mo3t enjoyJ farm here in the limestone region, where able yet held by the society. the land was considered very poor and was cheap.” If the Scotch-Irish had made undesirable locations and had ex- I hausted their soil and let their fences go i down and their buildings delapidate, From, . would their lands have been held at high prices? That would be contrary to all that ever has been known about the price of land. The only statement made by Mr. Foltz on his own authority which I Date, FUA. A?,.Fll... feel disposed to dispute, is his claim that the Germans “built the Dutch ovens ; which are yet seen.” He does not appear i to be Dutch enough to know what a I “Dutch oven” is, and it falls to the lot of THE GUBERNATORIAL ARCH. a Scotch-Irishman to enlighten him. Per¬ Written for the Franklin Repository by haps I am the better qualified to do this John M. Cooper. from the lact that one of my grandmoth¬ If we look over a list of the Govt rn- ers was a “Dutchman !” -ore of Pennsylvania since the adoption i “Dutch ovens” are not “built. ”They are of the Constitution of 1790, and bear products of the Foundry and differ as much from the stone, brick and mortar tamind the counties from which these ! ovens which are evidently alluded to by Governors have come, and then trace Mr. Foltz, as a bicycle differs from a , these counties cm the map, we shall: Conestoga wagon. The “Dutch oven” is find that they form aragged arch, the* an iron kettle with a flat bottom and a most easterly abutment of which rests cover that is concave on the under and in the southeastern cor„er of the convex on the upper side. It has three or State and the most westerly >r; the four short legs, and its sides, which are southwestern c wner, with a ragged perpendicular, vary from six to eight pierextending from the middle down inches in height and the cover is turned ! up at its outer edge. It is used to bake to the Maryland line and dividing the I bread and holds but one loaf. In baking arch or bridge into two spans. There i it is set over coals on the hearth and coals Is a narrow break in each of these are put on the cover, the tumed-up edge spans, and it is curious to observe how of which lire vents them from rolling off. counties that have furnished Govern¬ The dough, after being fcneaded sufficient¬ ors are bunched together on both sides ly was shaped up so that it about fHled of these breaks. Only two counties 1 the diameter of the “oven” without com¬ that have furnished Governors (North¬ ing to the top. Room was left for it to rise as it baked, and it generally rose ampton aod Luzerne) lie outside of about the height of the sides, without fill¬ the arch, and nearly all the defeated ing the concave of the cover. candidates have been from counties I have seen beautiful loaves of the fin¬ within the arch or adjoining it. North¬ est quality of bread turned out of these ampton is cut oS from the arch by the “Dutch ovens.” Cooking stoves have intervention of the narrow county of thrown them out of use in sections where Lehigh between it and Berks, and they formerly abounded, but in secluded Luzerne by the intervention of the places where primitive customs still prej vail to some extent, the “Dutch oven” narrow part of Columbia between it continues to be used, as it once was in orr r? 'MnT’tVmimVTArlanfl Oar Governors, tttHng them in the | gate of thirteen terms, covering forty* order of their election, have been one years. There is a break in the Tnomas Mifflin, Thomas McKean, arch at the west end of Berks, crossing Simon Snyder, William Finolay, which we come to Northumberland, Joseph Heiater, John Andrew Schulze, which adjoins Lycoming, Union and George Wolf, Joseph Ritner, David R. Snyder, all of these adjoining Centre, Porter, Francis R. Shunk, William which adjoins Clearfield. These coun¬ F. Johnston, William Bigler, James ties have furnished seven Governors, Pollock, William F. Packer, Andrew aggregating nine terms and covering G. Curtin, John W. Geary, John F. twenty-nine years. The other break Hartranftj Henry M. Hoyt, Robert is on the west line of Clearfield, and E. Pattison, James A. Beaver, Patti- for the western group of gubernatorial soq again, and Daniel H. Hastings, counties we have Armstrong, West¬ with Col. Stone recently elected aEd moreland, Allegheny and Washing¬ soon to come in. ton, all joined together with six Gov¬ Mifflin was from Philadelphia and ernors, (including Stone just elected) served three terms, 9 years; McKean with six terms and a fraction of an¬ from Chester, three terms, 9 years; other, covering nineteen years and six (Snyder from what was Northumber¬ months. Franklin, the most south- land at the time of his election, but exnly of the two counties that form became Union in his second term and the pier, rests on the Maryland line Snyder in 1855, three terms, 9 years; land adioins Huntingdon which in turn I Findlay from Franklin, one term, 3 adjoins Centre, the central county of years; Hiester from Berks, one term, the arch and of the State. These two 3 years; Schulze from Lebanon, two pier counties have had two Governors terms, 6 years; Wolf from Northamp¬ with three t^rrhs covering nine years ton, two terms, 6 years; Ritner from The total number of terms above Washington, one term, 3 years; Porter enumerated.is thirty-five and the 4rom Huntingdon, two terms, 6 years; i number of years covered one hundred Shank from Allegheny, resigned and , and twelve. (died in second term, years; Johnston j Centre leads in then* ,uber of per¬ from Armstrong, by six months in i sons who have stepped from within succession to Shunk and by election her boundaries to the Governor’s one term, 3i years; Bigler from Clear¬ chair, Curtin, Beaver BDd Hastings; field one term, 3 years; Pollock from and to these she adds Packer, one of Northumberland, one term, 3 years; her native sons, who lived in Lycom* Packer from Lycoming, one term, 3 ing when elected—four in all; and she years; Curtin from Centre, two terms, had two defeated candidates, Gregg *6 yesrs; Geary from Westmoreland, and Irwin. Berks comes in with three two terms, 6 years; Hartranft from elected sons, Hiester, Schulze and Rit¬ Montgomery, two terms, 6 years; ner, but Schulze was elected from Leb¬ Hoyt from Luzerne, one term, 4 years; anon and Ritner from Washington. Pattison from Philadelphia, two She also had three defeated candidates, terms, 8 years; Beaver from Centre, Munleuberg, Banks and Clymer, and one term, 4 years; Hastings from Hiester was defeated ones before he Centre, one term, 4 years; and now we was elected and Ritner twice before are soon to have Stone from Allegheny, his election and once after it. Taking with one term of 4 years, the consti¬ her resident and non-resident sons to¬ tutional limitation. Pattlson’s two gether, ana counting defeats along terms were not consecutive, John¬ with victories, Berks had a candidate ston succeeded Shunk by virtue of his at eleven elections for Governor, be¬ position as President of the Senate. sides one nominee who died soon after The counties that have furnished ft be campaign had opened— enry Governors, as snown by the foregoing A. Muhienberg in 1844. Montgom¬ enumeration, are Pniladelphia,which ery had three native sons elect¬ adjoins Chester and Montgomery, both ed. Porter, Shunk and HartraDft, of which adjoin Berks, which adjoins but the two first-named were Lebanon. These five counties fur¬ {non-residents when elected; and nished six Governors, with an aggre¬ fcm sbe had a Ceieaied candidate in Mot¬ I equal sections ^byTlihes drawn from rin Longstreth, who was beaten only east, to west, we find that the northern 297 votes, in 1848. Westmoreland has division has had no Governor, ana had two native sons elected, Johnston that the middle and southern divisions and Geary, but the former resided in have each had eleven, (including Col. Armstrong, and she has had three dt - Stone.) • Eight of the middle division’s feate'd candidates in Arthur 8t. Clair, eleven have been from Centre and five Jo-.epb Markle and Henry L. foster. counties bounded around her, with Philadelphia leads iu the length of two from eastern counties and one time she has filled the Governor’s from the west Six of the chair, seventeen years. Centre comes southern division’s have come from nsxt with fourteen years. Chester five counties bunched in the southeast¬ and Snyder follow with nine years ern quarter of the State, four from th re e each. Total 49 years. These four adjoining counties in the south¬ counties have filled the Governor’s western quarter, and one from a chair just live years short of half the county (Franklin) midway between whole period from 1790 to 1898. the eastern and western boundaries of As already shown, only two Gover¬ the commonwealth. There is a wide nors have come from counties cut off strip across the whole northern part from the arch described and the pier of the State that haB had no Gover¬ that su pport9 it in the middle. And nor, and there is a strip across the of the defeated candidates, only three southern part, irom Chester to West¬ lived in counties which do not adjoin moreland, that has had only one. the arch. These were Wilmot of As certain States have had “the Bradford, Woodward of Luzerne and run” on Presidents—Virginia five, Black uf York. Only two counties Ohio four, New York four, Tennessee lying entirely north of a line drawn three, Massachusetts two and Illinois through the middle of the state from two—so have certain limited sections east to west have had Governors. of Pennsylvania had the run on Gov¬ These are Lycoming and Luzerne, and ernors. The six states named have their southern bounderies just graze furnished twenty out of our twenty- the line mentioned. This line passes four Presidents, and three groups of through the extreme northeastern er d counties in Pennsylvania have fur¬ of Northampton, through the middle nished nineteen out of twenty-two of Centre, just south of the middle if Governors, Stone included—the Phila¬ Clearfield and a short distance north delphia group six, the Centre group of the middle of Armstrong. Two of our eight and the Allegheny group five. Governors resided north of this line, Perhaps Franklin might be counted and tt may be that from four to six of in with the Centre group, as it adjoins them resided north of if, but the line Huntingdon, which I have assigned would need to be accurately run to to that group. As they stand, thei determine this, so close to it do, their three groups have given the State all places of residence lie. her Governors excepting three—Find¬ Tuere is a vast extent of the State lay, Wolf and Hoyt. covering a large number of counties, How is this monopoly of Governors f north of Centre and Clearfield and by groups of counties in certain sec¬ iwest of the latter, which has never tions to be acccounted for ? Two ! had a Governor, nor even a candidate great parties have contested for su¬ for that office till this present year. premacy in the State far one hundred I Mr. Jcnks’ county of Jefferson adjoins and eight years. One controlled it Clearfield on the west, but as Mr. J. most of the time for half that period was not elected,the gubernatorial arch —the other for most of the remaining remains unchanged in that quarter. half. Nearly all this long period thl3 Venango ts somewhat central to this singular Gubernatorial Arch went on section, which extends from Clearfield forming and enlarging, till it became to the Ohio line, and from lake Erie to a very nearly unbroken span from one the Ohio river. end of the State to the other. Its If we divide the State into three formation is curious and the cause of it unaccountable. Ong of the curious features connected with it is that the 1829, in 1832, in 1835 and in 1838 De¬ only Governor elected from the great feated three times and elected once Democratic county of Berks, was an (in 1835) he retired in January, 1839, opponent of the Democratic party, as in whatever blaze of glory may have was a candidate from the same county ‘marked the snort piogress cf the who was defeated in 1841. Another is 'famous “Buckshot War.” that the great Whig and Republican The reader would gain a clearer view county of Lancaster never has had a of the unique “Gubernatorial Arch” Governor, nor even a nominated can¬ ldescribed In this article if he could didate for that feffice: whilst have before him such a county map of Centre, which has generally been the Sta^e as is contained in some Democratic by a good majority, has editions of “Smah’s Legislative Hand bad three Repub.ican Gavtraors, with Book.” one Fs^rsi and one Whig candidate defeated—Gregg in 1823 and Irwin in lg47—out never a Democratic candid¬ ate. The Democracv of Berks did not From, fail to secure a Governor through any {Cs,sf*)* fault cf their own. They put forward (riciy f*' Henry A. Muhlenberg in 1835, hut the Democra'ie State Convention split, that year and t«n >*0volitions were Date(p/lf<>~xh-rr l.L f If nela amt t.wo put iu n<>m- j inatioD. one; neiug George Wolf (who was Governor a toe time) and the Other .Muh.e.'iOe-’ X- B ■ >. • ■*«■••• ..efeat- ed. It was a strugg e between the FRAGMENTAL HISTORICAL NOTES. outs and the ins of the same party. The ins go’ out, out the nuts did not Paper Read Before the Klttochtlnny His- I torical Society by John M. Cooper, Esq., j get in; thit is. the Democratic outs'; of Martinsburg, Pa., at Hotel Montgom¬ stayed out The Auv.-Ma-onic vVhigs | ery, November 3, 1898. scooped everything io u.ghi; and at Being informed that a paper of a frag¬ tnat time there was a great deal in mentary character would be as acceptable sight, for the Governor had the ap¬ as any other, I consented to write one of this nature to be read at the October pointing of all Judges, Canal Com- meeting of the Kittochtinny Historical So¬ ; missioners,Deputy Attorneys General ciety; and in considering the exact form that should be given to it, I have hit . (now called District Attorneys) County upon the expedient of imparting to it, to officers,and I think even Justices of a certain extent, the nature of a supple¬ ment to Hon. M. A. Foltz’s admirable pa¬ the Peace. The Democrats of Berks per on the German element in Pennsylva¬ brought Muhlenberg forward again in nia. This determination of mine is open i 1844 and he was nominated and would to the objection that Mr. Foltz has reaped the German crop so thoroughly as to have have been elected it he had not died left no aftermath to be gathered. I shall during the campaign, Shuck taking not undertake to glean his well reaped field, but shall confine myself to what his place and being elected. may, I think, be called contiguous terri¬ The Democratic split in 1835, result¬ tory. ing in the election of Joseph Ritner First I will call attention to what ap¬ pears to have been a difference in the j as Governor made the following (and aspirations of the Germans and of the perhaps other) changes in Franklin Scotch-Irish in Pennsylvania. Of the twenty-one persons who have filled the county. John Flanagan, Prothon- office of Governor since the adoption of otary, was succeeded by Joseph Min- the Constitution in 1790, Mr. Foltz (cor¬ nieh; Paul I. Hetich, Register and rectly in my opinion) names nine as of German extraction. They were the third, Recorder, by J oseph Pritts, and Rich¬ fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, tenth, ard M rrow, clerk of the Courts, by twelfth, seventeenth and twentieth Gov¬ ernors of the State, and the aggregate of Joseph Morrow. the terms for which they were elected The persistency with which Ritner was forty-six years. One of them, how¬ was run for Governor is one of the ever, (Shunk) resigned and died in the first year of his second term. For thirty notable things in our history. He was years—from January 1809 till January the Anti-Masonic Whig _ candi; a e in _1839— with the exception of the single term of William Findlay, who was elect- wlibTT^PSJiS^ From 1851 to 1856 t s ed in 1817 and defeated in 1820, the Gov¬ was ho German. That element came in ernor’s chair was filled by “Pennsylvania again in 1857, but disappeared in 1858 and . Dutchmen.” Simon Snyder had the dis¬ did not reappear till 1862. The apportion- tinction of being elected three times and ment made under the new Constitution in : beaten once. Joseph Ritner had the less 1874 gave Franklin three members and in enviable distinction of being beaten three several following years the Germans had times and elected once. George Wolf was the whole delegation. . , elected twice and defeated for a third Re-elections were not as sparingly given , term. His defeat was due to a division in at an early period as later. Whilst the j the Democratic party in 1835, when two German element carried off this honor in candidates were run by them. The three the person of Jacob Dechert with his nine J candidates of that year were Germans— terms, followed closely by Frederick George Wolf, Joseph Ritner and Henry Smith with seven, the Scotch-Irish came A. Muhlenberg—and the combined vote up well with six for James Johnston, six of the two defeated candidates was 12,367 for James Poe, and seven each for John higher than the vote of the successful Rea and Robert Smith. It was a peculiar¬ candidate, but a plurality was sufficient to ity of Mr. Rea’s case that he was three elect. times a “yearling” being first elected in The Germans of Franklin county either 1785, then skipping to 1789 and then to have not very earnestly aspired to seats 1792 He was elected again in 1796, and in the State Senate or have been unfortu¬ re-elected in 1797; and elected again in 1800 nate enough to be disappointed. The and re-elected in 1801. If his hold was a first to be elected was George W. Brewer little slippery at first, he managed to tigh¬ in 1856, and up to this time he has been ten It firmly, for he was elected to Con¬ followed by only one, W. U. Brewer, gress in 1802,1804,1806,1808 and 1813—the elected in 1892. Two in one hundred and latter year to fill a vacancy occasioned by eight years is a small number. In the the death of Mr. Whitehill, of Cumberland House their showing has been much bet¬ county, who had been elected in 1812. ter, and yet it falls below what their James Johnston was once a “yearling, numbers and influence might, it would in 1784, but subsequently .was given five seem, have secured for them if they had consecutive terms, 1788, 1789, ’90- 91- 92. exerted their power. Mr. Foltz has given William Henderson had four successive a list of thirty-three, modestly omitting terms, 1794-’95-’96-’97. William Findlay his own name, which, being added, raises was a “yearling” in 1797, but was after¬ the number to thirty-four. ward elected four times in succession, The first of these was Daniel Royer, 1803-’04-’05-’06. Andrew Robeson, Stephen elected in 1794, when the county had three Wilson and Ludwick Heck were elected members in the House, a number it held at the same time three years in succession from that time down to and including the 1816-17-18 and Robeson and Heek in 1819, year 1828.* Mr. Royer was elected in Wilson dropping out this year and giving 1794, 1795 and 1799; John Statler in 1800, place to William Alexander, who went 1801 and 1802; Jacob Dechert in 1803,1804, oat at the end of the year and came in 1805, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813 and 1815, again in 1824 and 1825. James Smith had the remarkable number of nine times, and three consecutive terms, 1809-10-11. John his son, Peter S. Dechert, in 1821 and 1822, Cox appears as a “yearling” in 1814 and soon after which he fell into bad health for three successive terms at a later date, and died. Old men told me more than 1828-29 39. The name of Maclay appears fifty-five years ago that this Peter S. at different periods: John Maclay in 1791 Dechert was the most promising young ] and 1793; William Maclay in 1807,1808 and man of his time in Franklin county, i, 1823; and David Maclay in 1812,1813,1815, Jacob Heyser was elected three times, in 1851 and 1852. Thomas Carson had four 1807, 1808 and 1814; Ludwig Heck five I terms in the House, 1834, 1835, 1843 and times, in 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819 and 1828; [ 1844, and two in the Senate, 1845-46-47, and Frederick Smith seven times, in 1823,1824, f 1851-52-53. Thomas Johnston was Senator 1825, 1826, 1829, 1830 and 1838, be consent¬ from 1794 to 1803: and James Poe. in addi¬ ing to a nomination and election in this tion to six terms in the House, was Sena¬ latter year for the purpose of rectifying a tor from 1803 to 1807, and from 1811 to 1819. wrong which had been done to Franklin If we turn to the list of Judges of the county by the surreptitious passage of a Supreme Court of the State we shall not bill transferring a strip of her territory to fail to notice the absence ot German Adams county. names. Out of a list of one hundred and The heyday of German influence in the fifteen I am unable To select five that I county in its earlier years, so far as mem- f know to be Germans. There may be bership in the Legislature was concerned, more, but if so I am unable to pick them covered the period from to 1794 1830. out. The number certainly is very small. Previous to 1794 no German had been And the German name is absent from the given a seat in the Legislature from list of Pennsylvanians appointed to the Franklin county, but from that year on Supreme Bench of the United States. till 1830 her representation was generally There is a like absence of the name from composed of two Scotch-Irishmen and the list of Pennsylvanians who have held one German. The exceptions to this rule high positions in the Executive branch of were in 1796, 1797 and 1798, when no Ger¬ the National Government. This list em¬ man was elected, and in 1828, when there braces a President, a Vice President and were two of them. In 1829 the county’s thirty Cabinet officers, and I believe there representation was reduced to two, and has been no man of German blood among after the election of Frederick Smith in them. And of thirty-six persons who that year and in 1830, no German was sent have been sent from this State to the to the Legislature till 1837. From that United States Senate, I think not more time on the representation has varied in than three have been of German extrac¬ its composition, being sometimes equally tion. But let it be understood that these divided between Scotch-Irish and German are estimates which might be somewhat and at others wholly Scotch-Irish or disturbed by more accurate information than I now possess._ ; jflK rw : avihg been"sb successful m obtaining the limestone water was harcT and the seats in the Legislature, and so remarka¬ “rain barrel,” as it was called, bad to be bly successful in securing the Executive, depended upon for washing, for which chair of thb Commonwealth, I conclude purpose it furnished a scanty and preca¬ that our Germans directed their aspira¬ rious supply. tions to these positions and did not aim at But whatever influence timber and those which required a profound knowl¬ water and ease of cultivation may have edge of lawt or of the science of govern¬ exercised over the settlement of the slate ment on its highest lines. Mr. Foltz says lands, there was, in my opinion, another they “were not numerically as strong at and a more controlling influence. This the Franklin county bar in the earlier was their location. An elevation of slate days as theii? neighbors the Scotch-Irish,” extends the whole length of this valley and I think this was the case even in the and lies west of the middle of it. When counties that were most largely German. the early settlers, following the star of I do not accept as correct “the state¬ empire westward, crossed the Susquehan¬ ment of a German historian that there na at Simpson’s and Harris’ Ferries, they were few wagons owned in Pennsylvania were thrown against this slate elevation by any but Germans at that time, [Brad- and had either to settle upon it or turn doek’s expedition,] for the Germans were aside from the course of the star they were the farmers and freight haulers, the most following. They drifted where the tide industrious men of the colony." The of emigration carried them and found such Scotch-Irish of that time were mostly anchorage as they could along its course. farmers, though some of them were en¬ When limestone land came in their way gaged in other useful lines of life, and they occupied it, but they did not turn they must have had many wagons, and aside from the emigration belt to search certainly were among the most active and for it. most industrious people on earth. If I It is said they allowed their lands to de¬ recollect my reading in connection with teriorate in productiveness. Precisely the the Braddock expedition, it was that the same thing has happened in these cond and counties of Lancaster and York, where third generations in our western States, the German element was strong, were where New Yorkers, New Englanders and looked to for supplies and transportation Germans have, from the first, far out¬ because they were older and better settled numbered the Scotch-Irish. Emigration, and therefore abounded more in surplus in the old wagon days, created a brisk de¬ farm products, than the Cumberland Val¬ mand along its line for agricultural pro¬ ley. They had also, of course, more wag¬ ducts; and as these brought in cash, which ons. and perhaps some that were larger otherwise would have been very scarce, than many in this valley, but this does not the fland was cropped severely. If the justify the statement of the historian al¬ cash thus secured by our Scotch-Irish luded to, that the Germans owned all the early settlers was not applied to the im- wagons except “a few,” and were “the firovement ofthe soil and the erection of most industrious men of the colony. arge barns, it nevertheless went to a good They were very industrious, as they con purpose. They sent their sons to schools, tinueto be wherever they are found in Academies and Colleges, and fitted them rural districts; but in industry, energy, ac¬ to be clergymen, lawyers, physicians, mer¬ tivity and powers of endurance, the chants, public men and business men of Scotch-Irish early settlers of Pennsylvania every variety, and in doing this they may never were excelled. have acted as wisely as if they had kept It has been said that the early Scotch them at home, spreading lime and manure, Irish settlers chose the slate lands in pref¬ and making rails and fences, useful as erence to the limestone because they were these occupations are in agricultural com¬ easier to cultivate and that they exhausted munities aud pleasing as it is to the eye to them and allowed their buildings and look upon well improved farms. fences to fall into a condition of dilapida It dpes not appear from the testimony of tion. The inference drawn from this is the Green township Mennonite referred to that they were indolent and thriftless, not by Mr. Foltz, that the Scotch-Irish early managing well and doing no more work settlers had made judicious locations or than actual necessity compelled them to allowed their lands to run down. He says: do. “My grandfather came here in 1792. The Now it is true that the slate lands were slate lands were too high in price for him less heavily timbered than the limestone to buy—they were occupied by the Scotch- and therefore could be cleared quicker Irish, who found them easiest to work— and with less labor, and expedition and and he bought a farm here in the lime¬ economy were of much consequence at stone region, where the land was con¬ that time. It is also true that they were sidered very poor and cheap.” If the easier to cultivate as well as quicker to be¬ Scotch-Irish had made undesirable loca¬ come exhausted. But it is doubtful tions and had exhausted their soil and let whether lightness of timber or ease of cul¬ their fences go down and their buildings tivation had very much to do with the delapidate, would their lands have been early settlement of the slate lands. held at high prices ? That would be con¬ Water was an article of prime necessity trary to all that ever has been known to the settlers, and springs were more about the price of land. numerous on the slate than on the lime¬ The only statement made by Mr. Foltz stone. When wells had to be dug water on his own authority which I feel disposed could be obtained in the slate at the depth to dispute, is his claim that the Germans of twenty or thirty feet, without drilling “built the Dutch ovens which are yet and blasting, whereas it could seldom be seen.” He does not appear to be Dutch got in the limestonuat a less depth than enough to know what a “Dutch oven” is, sixty feet and often ran to ninety or one nd it falls to the lot of a Scotch-Irishman hundred, with many feet of solid rock to ) enlighten him. Perhaps I am the better be drilled and broken up with blasts of qualified to do this from the fact that one powder. And then slate water was soft of my grandmothers was a “Dutchman!” and could be used for all purposes, whilst “Dutch ovens” are not “built.” They are " ' ' A . ■■ v • T- . products of the foundry and differ as much' . 'A ml flat t.bft rival claims for our ven¬ from the stone, brick and mortar ovens eration, by the Seotch-Irish, as pre¬ which are evidently alluded to by Mr. sented by Judge Stewart and Dr. Craw¬ Foltz, as a bicycle differs from a Conesto¬ ford, and those of the Dutch, as sup¬ ga wagon. The “Dutch oven” is an iron ported by Editor Foltz, the local inter¬ kettle with a flat bottom and a cover that ests of the men of our own time are is concave on the under and convex on likely to be overlooked, unless Secre¬ the upper side. It has three or four short tary Maurer and myself come to the legs, and its sides, which are perpendicular, •rescue. So, when the Chairman of our vary from six to eight inches in height and Executive Committee asked me to help the cover is turned up at the outer edge. him out of a difficulty, I promised to It is used to bake bread and holds but one prepare a paper for this evening. As it loaf. In baking it is set over coals on the is Christmas time, and this meeting is hearth and coals are put on the cover, the ! held in the Academy Building, I thought turned up edge of which prevents them a few personal recollections of the old from roiling off. The dough, after being boys might interest some of you. kneaded sufficiently, wa3 shaped up so Bayard Taylor in “Views Afoot,” giv¬ that it about filled the diameter of the ing an account of a Christmas spent in “oven” without coming to the top. Room Germany says: “In Germany, on De¬ was left for it to rise as it baked, and it generally rose about the heighth of the cember 5th, St. Nicholas evening, a per¬ sides, without filling the concave of the son dressed comically, with a mask, fur cover. rdbe and long tapering cap, comes into I have seen beautiful loaves of the finest each house with a bunch of rods, and, quality of bread turned out of these after beating the children with them, “Dutch ovens.” Cooking stoves have they are hung up in the room to make thrown them out of use in sections where the children behave. Many of the chil¬ they formerly abounded, but in secluded dren were taught to say, ‘I thank you, places where primitive customs still pre¬ I-Ierr Nicolaus.’ This was only the fore¬ vail to some extent, the “Dutch oven” runner of the Christ-Kindchen. Herr continues to be used, as it once was in the Nicolaus was the punishing spirit, heart of Franklin county, when the blaz¬ Ohrist-Kindchen the rewarding one.” ing fire place cooked the food all the year S. T. Coleridge tells apparently the round and warmed the family in winter. same story but in a different form. October, 1898. John M. Cooper. He says that “formerly, and still in all th smaller towns and villages through¬ out North Germany, the presents were ♦Franklin county had three members of the all sent to some one fellow, who in high House in 1784 and 1785, and only two from 1785 buskins, a white robe and an enormous till 1793, both inclusive. The number was raised flax wig impersonates Knecht Ruprecht. to three in 1794, and so continued till 1827. in¬ cluding that year, when it was again reduced to On Christmas Eve he goes to every two. May 15, 1864, Franklin and Perry were house and says that Jesus Christ, his made a district with two members. Mar 6, 1871 Master, sent him thither. The parents Franklin was made a district with one inember! and children receive him with great May 19, 1874, when a large increase wag made in pomp of reverence, while the little ones the membership of the House and the term ex¬ are most terribly frightened. He then tended to two years, under the Second Article of the new Constitution, this county was given inquires for the children; and according three members. The number was reduced to to the character which he hears from two in 1888 and so stands at this time the parents he gives them the intended . v v < > r* j presents, as if they came out of heaven 5 from Jesus Christ, or if they have, been : bad children, he gives the parents a ; rod, and in the name of his Master rec¬ ommends them to use it frequently.” From, ^ r ! r. To this custom we owe our “Kriss- Kingle” as we used to call him or “Santa Claus” as he is called to-day. Owing to the fact that our Scotch- Irish ancestors, following the traditions and teachings of the fatherland, had discarded all the Saint’s days and feast Data. , days of the Church, Christmas, in this ,• comm,unity, was not a religious festival, and the social customs of Germany were largely followed. The night before Christmas the “Bell-Schneckels,” as they were called, went around from AULD LANG SYNE, house to house, inquiring as to the be¬ havior of the children. I can still re¬ call my terror when a child, clinging to my mother’s knee, as a large person, PAPER READ BEFORE THE with a; masked face and a flowing robe, with whip in hand and ringing a bell, KITTOCHTINNY HISTORICAL came in, and coming forward asked in regard to my behavior and then cross- SOCIETY ON DEC. 29TH. examined me, particularly in regard to V my treatment of a certain Nancy, who lived with us, and made me promise The Old Chambersburg Academy Re = ' that I would be good to her and obey 'her and be kind to her, etc., all of which viewed by Mr. James W. Cree of I unhesitatingly promised to do. I did not know, but the others did, that Chambersburg Nancy herself was the questioner. About midnight, the choir_of the_ colored churoh traversed the streets of" the ition to “Spare the rod and spoil the town:, stopping- at each corner to sing child.” Denny’s orchard was separated j Christmas hymns and carols, an old by an alley from the Academy grounds I English custom which might well be and occupied all the ground now owned followed in these days. by Mrs. King. As this orchard furnish¬ But few gifts were given and these ed the apples which were temptations only to children and consisted prin¬ to many generations of boys, it also fur¬ cipally of ginger cakes cut in the shape bished the rods which punished any i of horses, dogs, birds and animals of (breaches of discipline. Mr. Davis would all kinds. The promiscuous giving of be called a severe teacher in these days. presents to all sorts and conditions of I have seen him whip a whole row of men had not then been introduced. the largest boys in school, when some one had committed an offense and he Amusements in those days were limit¬ could not locate the guilty one. We ed. I can recall but few during my used to think that he punished his boyhood days. There was an occasional brother Robert on the entry of every .circus, but the canvas must have been new pupil as an object lesson. I re¬ ] small, as they were able to spread it member the only whipping he gave me. / in the yard back of Snider’s Hotel, now Cy Ruby was standing up, reciting a the Montgomery House. Van Amberg’s lesson and I was sitting at my desk di¬ Menagerie also came regularly, the two rectly behind him. When Ruby was were not then combined, in order to al¬ through he sat down but he didn't sit low conscientious people to go to the long. With the exclamation, “Oh, animal show and see the circus. The Lordy,” he sprang up, clapped his hands morning the menagerie was coming, the boys usually walked to Smoketown, behind him and yelled with pain. An examination developed the fact that he (now Marion), to meet the .show and see had sat down on a large pin, which had the animals while they were cleaning out the cages before entering town. 1 been adroitly bent and placed on the wag occasionally allowed to go to the bench where he tried to sit. As I was menagerie, but never to the circus, as the -only boy in the neighborhood, cir¬ it was not considered orthodox to go to cumstantial evidence was against me the theater or circus or to play cards. and I caught it. I thought I didn’t de¬ serve it, but I was careful not to put II recall very distinctly, two very esti¬ mable ladies who came here from Phil a.- another pin under a boy when it could delphia to make their home, who were be located so easily. The Academy looked on with some suspicion, because yard, at that time had neither trees they read their prayers from an Episco¬ nor grass, but was used entirely as a pal prayer book and amused themselves play ground. During the winter, when by playing whist. there was snow, the front yard was John Wise made two balloon ascen¬ used as a hill for coasting, and was sions, and I recall Senor Blitz as the steep enough for the sleds and “belly- best magician and centriloquist I ever stavers” to make quick time. In the saw. Performers now have more ma¬ lower corner, next Queen Street, the chinery, but his sleight of hand tricks English boys built their snow fort and have never been equalled. About 1837 In the upper corner the Latin boys built or ’38, Madamoeeille Nunsciori walked a theirs, next the alley, and many a bat¬ rope stretched across the diamond from tle royal was waged ending in the cap¬ the third story of the Franklin Hotel to ture of one or the other. The first sign 1 the third story of the old Repository of spring was the appearance of Hall. Her father walked under her numerous button bags, each boy col¬ to catch her, should she fall but she lected as many buttons as he could and made the trip safely. Tom Thumb also we all pitched buttons. As the ground exhibited here. It is said he was lost dried off, marbles came in. Ed Behm while here, and could not be found until was the biggest boy in school; he was some one, seeing smoke coming out of not a success at Latin, hut he was the top of one of Landlord Martin New¬ : the champion shot at marbles, and soon comer s hoots, made an examination broke all the boys he could induce to and found that Tom had hidden him¬ play with him. Then came shinny, self there to enjoy -his morning smoke. London Loo-, Prisoner’s Base, Town I do not vouch for the truth of the Ball, Barley But, etc. The great event, story, but Mr. Newcomer was a very however, was the School Exhibition. large man. I cannot recall any the¬ Mr. Davis was noted in his school days atrical performances. Tradition says as a declaimer and also for his his- that a troupe of strolling players had a trionio ability. “Repository” -said of jperfoimance at Barnitz’s old Brewerv one of his performances in 1828, that about 1830, but that was before mv “he spoke with a degree of elegance time. J and action which did honor to a -youth The School Exhibition at the Acad¬ of his age.” On his visits to Philadel¬ emy was the amusement event of the phia, he always -brought back a selec¬ >ear. After the exhaustive address of tion of new farces and light plays, suit¬ the Historian at the Centennial last able for the amateurs all his perform¬ yg" * » unnecessary to say much ers were, such as “Fortune’s Frolic,” about the old Academy. John Shryock t “The Pleasant Neighbor,” “John a u f s°me years &So referred to I Jones,” "The Man About Town,” “The the old Academy instructors as “good Bashful Man,” etc. One of the favorite ?,ld Dr' Crawford,” “the musical Ross- ” plays was “The Rehearsal of the “Severe Blood,” “Cruel Harris” and hU Clowns” from “A Mid-summer Night’s teacher W. V Davis. I entered unde? Dream” and the “Interview between the last named as Principal, Thomas M Fitz James and Roderick Dliu” from Carlisle and George Bates beimr As “The Lady of the Lake.” These plays sistants Mr. Davis was a born teacher were acted by the larger hoys, while and excelled particularly in languages the little fellow-s spoke their pieces. He did not follow the Scriptural direct SCHOOL EXHIBITION. v ACAD^rr:-' just been erecWby Mr. Joseph Prltts I Chaniberburg, -i>ec. 22 and 23, 184«, Ln shop The date is recalled by an ad¬ vertisement in the owner Music. toner 16th, 1845, an wffgeh Me owner r qks the person who borrowed a neat, The Bur^of Sir John Moore.. ■■• heavy gl^s lantern to light himt home | .William Sensensy. frornmvis’ First School Exhibition .n , Recollections. Very E^rly' --- Samuel Carlisle. SkUn Hall, if he has had the use of it long enough, to return it to H. M. The Viiage School Master. Cyrus Arnold. The owner is unwilling to part with the article entirely.” An amusing scene oc- s’ Petition. .’Thos. K. Cree. Young Ladie S“?C night. One oIMre The School 3oy’s Complaint-- Jasper E. Brady. “The Chimney Sweep, ini which lacob Heck was a prince and Robert Hodse and the Vicar., jacuu xv. avao,—--- Davis, the .sweep. When the sweep came Major Downihg’s Dream. .Barnet Early. down the chimney, he landed in the ! room where there was a robe and cap „ Music. 1 belonging to the prince. He thought he The Soldier’s 'Dream... John H. Hutton. I would put them on to see how It would Spectacles; oj- Helps ^Re^cnntock. fp-el to be a prince; as he took off his The Frenchmen and toe^Rats. coat and vest, hie pantaloons dropped i t.-y itihe door He could not pull them up Ind theyTould not come over his sfcoes Extract from Patrick Henry^. — sohe stuck his legs behind the scenes and some one cut the pauts legs off at The Wind in a Frolic..J. Bernard Price. bis Shoe tops. The sweep’s brother, Van A1l’s Well ThatEnds WelL... lear who was stage manager, was very indignant, not because he dropped Music. bis pants, but because he had under Self-Conceit . George Mixsell. ftem a pair of fine black cloth panta¬ loons the idea of a sweep wearing good The Mariners of England..^-- clothes under his old ones, was too much for the stage manager but the audience thought it was part of the Marco Bozzaris.Frederick Smi h. play and the applause was treI™;b The Night before Christmas^..^uace_ loZ I have in my possesion a pro¬ gramme for December 22 & 23, 1840 “Exercises will commence at half past Exercises” ^ music was furmsiied Music. by an'orchestra composed of Jere and Extract from Dow, Carlisle. Christ Oyster, with violins, Nelson A Pair of Corsets.William Eystei. fobns with his flute and occasionally Milt Moore withjhio guitar. The music- Dialogue on ^ell^s;ns;y;’s.' Carliele. would' not have been scientific, accord¬ ing to our frifend, Professor Shaw s The Death of Marmion. • ■ — ^rott. standard of tojday, but as I recall it I thought it beautiful and it was cer¬ The Power of E^^^kries Geddes. tainly adapted jto the musical capacity of the audience. The hall was bril¬ Music. liantly lighted t>y a row of tin sconce^ The Man about Town—A Earce^ hung at intervals along each side of the hall, each one holding one of Logan’s mould candles, and a^ they - Lor^Aubrey . came dim, a boy passed around With a pair of snuffers and clipped off the ^ocfefManiiwe . burnt wick. In later years we had - lamps in which was burned camphene. Topps . wT appreciated the great improvement r o oyf Anbrev" • • ■ • Wm. Thomson. Lady Aub y -RPni. Suesserott. in the light although the fluid was al¬ Fanny .D J most as explosive as gunpowder. Music. In reading over this programme, after The Mummy. more than fifty years have passed away, a feeling of sadness comes over me, as M". >gjgw»-;;::,Tt.TX I recall the boys, so many of whom Capt. Canter . . wm Carlisle. were called hence in their early years ?oby ^amp‘.'j.y.'.‘.Thomas K. Gilmore. or in the fullness of their manhood—Will Sensensy, Will and Sam Carl sle Jacob Larry Battersjnn.fa's Cree! r. Maurer, John Hutton, John M Theophilous Fpe .... — :; ^^ott. Cliritock George and Will Eyster, Will Fanny .f ..Wm. Thomson. Kennedy, Fred" Smith, Tom Gilmore Sus&n .* Jacob, Charles and Ben Suesserott, Ed Music. Wallace and others. Exercises to begin at Half Past Six Hast Gehr in “A Scholoboy s Com- O'clock P. M. . ■ plaint,” had a chance to air some ot The performances were given in the large room on [the second story ofthe [ still living are Thos K Academy, and hsually for two or three ’ Cree, who was for several yearsa nights- this was to allow every one to merchant in Pittsburg, afterward Se©- see the show as the room would not 1 retary of the first Board of Indian hold a third of ithose who wanted in. In Commissioners appointed by President mtandprobaily in 1845, the exercises Grant, and is now one of the Secretaries wire held in Franklin ^Hall, which had of the International Committee of the Young Men’s Christian Association, in i piece’, “'If at first you don’t succeed, try. I New York. Joe Brady went to Pitts¬ try again”’ may have urged him onward I burg in 1850, wiliere he remained some and upward until he has reached the years and then went West. He spent Presidency of one of the greatest rail¬ his life in railroad; work and is now way corporations in the world. Dr. John living in Chicago. His brother, Jasper Montgomery and George Lesher had a E5. Brady, was- Cashier of the Citizens’’ dialogue “Mordaunt and Lenox.” War¬ Bank of Pittsburg for several years', ren Seibert’s piece was “Man’s True and also went West, but is now living Honor” and Tom Grier “The Directing in Philadelphia; two of his sons were Post.” Nev. G-eddes in “Marco Bozzar- prominent in the war with Spain. Rev. is” had one of his Star declamations. C. T. Brady, Chaplain of the 1st Penn¬ “A Kick at the Fashions” by Kirby sylvania Volunteers', and' Captain Jas¬ Cree would seem to indicate that the per E. Brady, Jr., Press Censor at follies of the fair sex were subject to Tampa. criticism even at that age. Sam Reid’s Barnet Early has been, during sev¬ declamation was “Cassabdanca.” He eral administrations, Cashier in the of¬ served his country in the War of the fice of the Assistant Treasurer of the Rebellion and now lies in the Palling ; United States at Philadelphia. Charlie Spring grave yard. Mark Kern was also and Nev G-eddes were two of the best in the Civil War, Captain of Battery ‘ students in the school. Charlie is a “G,” First Artillery, fought gallantly, lawyer at Williamsport, Pa., and Nev was wounded at the second battle of is a Presbyterian minister now living Bull Run, fell into the hands of the in Williamsport. He is also an au¬ enemy and died a day or two later. His thority on botany and .edited all the body rests in an unknown grave on botanical articles for Punk and Wag- Southern soil. The plays were “The I nail’s Standard Dictionary. Pleasant Neighbors” in which Will Car¬ Robert Davis went to Pittsburg in lisle, Charlie Spangler and Trobe 1849, and has been for many years one Maurer had 'the leading characters, and of the leading business men of that city a scene from “A Mid Summer Night’s and active in all benevolent and church Dream,” in which Will Carlisle Stuart work. Kennedy and others took part. Gust Willi Thompson, who played “Susan” Lane had the epilogue. in “The Mummy,” was always cast for But time would fail me were I to name the female parts. He was of a blond all the boys. As imagination recalls the type, had a gentle voice and made a scenes photographed in my memory, good looking girl. He studied medi¬ these rooms and halls and the old play cine and is one of the noted specialists ground are filled with the living and in Philadelphia, on the eye and ear. the dead, not as they would be to-day, George 'Meixsell is with tho Westing- but as they were fifty years ago, when house Company in Pittsburg. ; in the flush of boyhood, we went in and B. L. Maurer, our esteemed Secre¬ out together day by day, a merry crowd tary and an authority on Ancient His¬ free from care and filled with bright tory, and myself are the only two on hopes for the future. Alas,how few real¬ the programme who still reside in ized them, and how many drank the bit¬ town. ter dregs of the cup of disappointment. It was on this occasion that one of They were all “average” men, but as our members, he who bears the name some one has said, “It is the average of the first principal of the Academy, man of the world that does the work of distinguished himself. The plot of the world.” But few of 'the names would “The Mummy” is very simple. Mr. appear in a second edition of “Men of Mandragon, a collector of curiosities, Mark of the Cumberland Valley,” but was anxious to secure a mummy. Cap¬ each one did his duty in the position he tain Canter, a returned sea captain, was called to fill. agreed to furnish one, so he persuades It is hut natural one should think that ' Toby Tramp to disguise himself as a his teacher and his boys were the best mummy and he is placed in a large the Academy ever had, but the advance wooden box, which is carried in and in Mechanics, the Arts and Sciences, placed on the stage, and then all with¬ Electricity, Stenography, Typewriting, draw to notify the savant the mummy Telegraph and Railroads require has arrived. When Toby found the studies and training we never dreamed coast was clear he got out of the box of. Under Dr. Shumaker, the scope of and wandered around hunting for the Academy was widened and boarders something to drink and crawling back were brought form all over the state. whenever anyone came in. During Under its present principal. Professor these live spells a small boy in; the front Alexander, it enjoys the reputation of seat discovered who the mummy was sending out boys who are noted, not and when the operators came in with only as base-ball and foot-ball experts, saw and knife, to begin to cut up the but most of whom can pass a creditable mummy, it was too realistic for “Jim” examinations for admission to any col¬ and he frantically exclaimed, “That’s lege in the country. my brother Tom.” Though not on the With Wilson College for Women, bills, it brought down the house. under its present efficient management I have also a programme for Decem¬ and faculty, at one end of the town and ber 24th and 25th, 1849, about the same the Academy at the other, if our finan¬ boys appear on it as in 1847, but some cial and business men take advantage of the smaller boys have come to the of their opportunities and afford the front. Jacob R. Maurer had the pro¬ means for enlarged buildings and in¬ logue. Tom Bard declaimed “The Ri ver” creased apparatus, our town will be no- Logan Kennedy’s piece was the “Fox and the Crow,” and Jim Kennedy “The African Chief.” Frank Thompson’s as it Is now for the beauties of its sur¬ of iocai historfans is easily accounted tor. | roundings, fihe healfhfulness of its loca¬ Nothing is more difficult than the research j tion, the culture and hospitality of its necessary to uncover the forgotten past of citizens. “When the day comes” (I use a particular neighborhood. Such authori¬ the words of Dr. Rainsford, which he ties as are accessible are only a dull record used in another connection) “when the of dates and names. It is no easy task to day comes, as it will come, when the invest the dead past with a living, contem¬ services of this fair land and city and porary interest—to clothe the molderiDg state, will he accounted a service bones of the pioneers of a community such worthy of all that is best in America’s as this with flesh and blood,—to make the youth, when at last we parents can, makers of a town or township live again, when we seek to direct our sons in that —to fan the ashes of almost unrecorded all important matter of the choice of a events into a lambent flame. To achieve profession, bid them consider, among all this is my own task to-night, and if I the best of all professions, the highest fail to interest you the fault will be in me and worthiest, the service of the city, the and not in my subject. It is true, I shall state, the nation. When such service is not have your indifference to overcome, open to them, such as a free land should but if I have not a tale to tell worthy of receive and free men only can give, your interest, I can scarcely claim your at¬ when our sons shall serve the state, not tention on the mere plea that the study of as the shackled hirelings of any “Boss,” history begins at home. My confident cringing to win office, and licking his tone may seem presumptuous, but in my boots to retan it, when honorable men study of my theme I sought to project my¬ hold office and for that office receive self into the past with the same sky over honorable pay, as long as they can me that is over us now,—to become a part honestly discharge its duties,” then the of the events that I shall narrate on the Academy, with increased facilities, can scenes of their occurrence, and to know the men whom I seek to recreate in their add the study of Spanish and French habits as they lived. I need your sympa¬ and a Professor of Politics, I use the thy at the outset that I may gain your con¬ word in its correct sense, as “the science fidence, and your confidence that we may of Government,” and such other depart¬ walk, as it were, hand in hand, and step ments, as will1 fit her sons, in the future by step in the footprints of our common as in the past, to fill any honora " ancestors. . position that may be open to lhe?u.~‘ According to the story with which we are all familiar, Benjamin Chambers, who was not only the founder of Chambersburg but the earliest settler at the confluence of the FallingSpringwith the Conococheague, was the youngest of four brothers who came from County Antrim, Ireland, about 1726, and settled at the mouth of Fishing Creek on the Susquehanna. In 1730, ac¬ cording to the familiar story, without abandoning the mill they had built on Fishing Creek, the Chambers brothers The closing meeting of the first year of came up the Cumberland Valley in search of mill seats and plantations beyond the the KUtoctatinnv Historical society was frontier of the province as it then existed. held on Thursday evening at the residence James Chambers found a site to his mind of M. A. Foltz. The attendance was on Green Spring, not far from where New- ville now stands; Robert settled on Middle larger than usual, several invited guests Spring, north of Shippensburg; and Jo- also being present. After the business of seph and Benjamin, lured by the stories of the meeting was considered and acted a venturesome hunter who had seen the upon. Judge Stewart, president of the so beautiful cascade—it is no longer a thing of beauty, I believe—just above the mouth eietv, introduced Geo. O. Seilhamer, who of the Falling Spring, came to the spot read an Interesting paper on "The Found¬ which Benjamin chose for his home, and ers uf Chambersburg,” which we publish which to this day bears the Chambers name. Here the young bachelor built this evening. The society was hand¬ , himself a log house, which he covered somely entertained by Mr. XfoJtz. Bon. with cedar shingles held fast by nails, and Wr^tush Gillan was elected a member of laid out a plantation that covered nearly the society. all of what is now Chambersburg. His <5. house stood on the high ground above the A well-known teacher said a few years cascade, but going to the Susquehanna on ago that in teaching the history of the business it was burnt during his ab¬ United States she had found that Pennsyl¬ sence by some unprincipled person for the vania students were lacking in knowledge sake of the nails. Undaunted, he built of their own State, and she added that himslf a new and better dwelling, which there was even greater lack of knowledge was followed in a few years by a mill and among them concerning their own county. saw mill for the accommodation of the set¬ She might have brought her complaint tlers who had followed him to the Cono¬ still nearer home, for few of the inhabi¬ cocheague. As it is not good for a man to tants of our cities, towns and villages have live alone, even in the wilderness, we are anything like an intimate acquaintance told that he marked a Miss Patterson,— _"with x l. 4the. L .. i-..traditions . .1 i andr, romancesmo n/ioo ofor thef lr o some of our local writers say she was a places where they live. Few of us, indeed, daughter of Colonel Rooert Patterson, of have a knowledge of the history of our own Lancaster county, who became the mother families. I do not think there is anything of his son James, a distinguished soldier of strange in this,for local historians must pre¬ the Revolution. This is the meagre story cede a knowledge otlocal history. The want that I learned in my boyhood from such books as were accessible to me, but I would have little excuse tor being Here to¬ James Patterson, the elder, died, and the night if I were unable to tell a better one. work of resisting CresaD’s aggressions fell Benjamin Chambers was not the simple largely upon James Patterson, the younger, pioneer that our historians would make and Benjamin Chambers. him, but a man of affairs on the Susque¬ Our knowledge of the share of Benja¬ hanna, and largely interested in the Indian min Chambers in Cresap’s war is 1 de¬ trade, for six or seven years after his sup¬ rived from a deposition made by him in posed settlement at the Falling Spring. December, 1736, and from a letter written His first wife was not simply a Miss Pat¬ by him to James Tilghman at a later peri¬ terson, nor was she the daughter of an im¬ od. In the deposition Chambers is de¬ aginary Col. Robert Patterson. Sarah Pat¬ scribed as about 23 years old, showing that terson Chambers was the second daughter he could not have been more than 17 when of James and Susanna Patterson, both he is reputed to have settled at Falling noteworthy persons in the early history of Spring. In May, 1736, Chambers was. fit Pennsylvania. James Patterson was ex¬ the house of John Wright, Jr., on the west tensively engaged in the Indian trade on side of the Susquehanna, where Wrigbts- the Potomac, and he occupied what would viile now stands. Whiie there he wit¬ now be called a ranch at the entrance to nessed an attempt by one Franklin to the Conojohela, or Canodochly, valley on I make a survey of a part of the great the Susquehanna, in York county. This Springettsbury Manor, in York county, ground was used as a pasturage and shel¬ protected by Cresap and twenty men un¬ ter for the large stock of horses he em¬ der his command. He tells the story of ployed in his trade. Conjointly with his this survey in his deposition. Later in the wife, he acquired a plantation a short dis¬ year, he was able to perform a very impor¬ tance from what is now Washington bor¬ tant service to the Proprietary of Penn¬ ough, in Lancaster county, as early as sylvania in resisting the designs of the 1718. They had two sons, James and Marylanders. This service is alluded to in Thomas, and three daughters Susanna, who the deposition, but the story is told in married James Lowry, one of the celebra¬ greater detail in the letter to Tilghman. ted Lowry family of pioneer history; Sa¬ In the index to the “Colonial Records” rah, the wife of Benjamin Chambers; and one of the letters of Benjamin Chambers, Rebecca, wife of JohnKeagy Thomas died about 23 years old, in 1736, is treated as if young, but James and his son William written by that Benjamin Chambers who were both prominent in the French and had obtained a grant for a ierry over the Indian war. James was interested in the Schuylkill as early as the 16 nineties. But Conococheague settlement with Benjamin the letter to Tilghman leaves no doubt as Chambers, out he soon relinquished his to his identity as our own Benjamin. plantation here, and removed to Standing When Col. Rigby, who was in command Stone, in Huntingdon county. James Pat¬ of one of the Maryland regiments, appoint¬ terson, the elder, died in 1735, and his ed a general muster in 1736, “in order to widow Susanna the next year married draught a large number of the Melisha to Samuel Ewing, a member of Donegal go up to Cadores and Conedeuhela Settle¬ church, and became the mother of General ment to Distrain for Levies, that they were James and Captain John Ewing, of Revo¬ pleased to charge to the inhabitants there,” lutionary memory. Ewing died in 1743, Chambers, in his own language, was “chos¬ and his widow soon afterward married en to go a Spy to bring an account of their John Connelly, an Irish surgeon in the proceedings.” He went down the east side British service. The issue of this last mar¬ of the Susquehanna, crossing at Rock Run riage was Lieut.-Col. John Connelly, who ferry, a few miles above Port Deposit. On was commandant at Fort Pitt at the beginn¬ this journey Chambers was well mounted, ing of the Revolution, and proved to be one and pretended that he had come from “the of 1 he most virulent loyalists in the colo¬ Fawiling Spring on Cannogogige in Lancas¬ nies. I have mentioned all this only to ter county,” in search of a servant who had emphasize my surprise that a woman with run away. When he reached Col. Rigby’s sucu noteworthy brothers and half broth¬ neighborhood, he learned that Cresap had ers, who became the wife of a man equal¬ gone to Col. Hall’s to meet the Governor ly noteworthy in pioneer history, and the or Maryland, who was to be at the muster. mother of a son famous in the Revolution, This gave him great uneasiness, as he had should be set down in our local annals as i been one of the persons that went to stop merely a Miss Patterson,or as the daughter Cresap and the party of surveyors, “who of an imaginary Col. Robert Patterson. | were chaining up the River side on John James Patterson, the father of Mrs. Wright’s land.” Chambers, was as much a partisan of the The interview between Chambers and claims of the Penns in the boundary dis¬ Col. Rigby was a lively one, Rigby half sus¬ pute with Maryland, as Captain Thomas pecting the real character of tbe young Cresap was of the claims of Lord Balti¬ horseman, and Chambers doing his little more. Patterson’s ranch was in the dis¬ song and dance about the runaway servant puted territory, and when Cresap came, in from “Fawiling Spring on Cannogogige” 1730, to reclaim the land for Maryland, it I with great spirit. In spite of his glib story was Patterson’s ranch that he claimed for Rigby determined to detain him, "and as a his own, building a block house there, consequence of the detention Chambers and through his adherents dispersing Pat- learned that a hundred men,—twenty out Iterson’s horses, and even killing some of of each company in the regiment,—were them. This r— -- - - to rendezvous at Wright’s Ferry on a cer¬ Cresap war. —--1------o jjiauua- tain day. This was the information he had tion under a Maryland grant, and demand¬ come to seek, and having obtained it he ed that Patterson should show a patent or was eager to get away. By more smooth warrant for the land,threatening an appeal talk he induced Rigby to dismiss him for to the king in his own behalf and that of the night as an honest man, the Governor Maryland. “Penn is our king,” was Pat¬ not having arrived. Going home with one terson’s defiant answer. The conflict of the militia, he prevailed upon his host lasted from 1/32 to 17,6, when Cresap was to guide him to the York Barrens, six miles seized and the Maryla nd intruders, as they away, early inthe morning, and then made were called, overcome^ In the meantime ETs way-to WrlgEFs'FerTy, wnere ne ar¬ young.man, than woiild be pi rived that; night. He there learned that not his letter to James Tilghman been there was to be a house-raising in Donegal, served. Those were his courting aays, and and went there to let the people know of we can readily perceive that his activity in the Maryland muster. Forewarned, the behalf of King Penn was quickened by the . Scotch-Irishmen of Donegal, Hempfield interests of Sarah Patterson’s relations in and Manor townships, Lancaster county, the controversy with Maryland. In his in¬ gathered in such force that the Maryland terview with Rigby, lie' is revealed to us soldiery thought it wise to retreat without with the quiet daring iof a frontiersrfl&n of attempting to strike a blow. the period; with the address as well as the “The Hon. Thomas Penn being at Samuel courage, of a young 'man accustomed to Blunston’s Esq.," Chambers says in his let¬ dealing with those in authority in the ad- ter to Tilghman, “and hearing how I have joi'oining province. His intimacy with the managed at Rigby’s, sent for me to let him Wifights, and with Blunston, through the hear the apologies I made before Rigby; influence of the Pattersons, explains why they pleased his Honour so well that he he was among the first of the pioneers, told Mr. Blunston he would make me a west of the Susquehanna, to obtain a li¬ Compliment for my good conduct on that cense for the plantation he had chosen for affair; I told Mr. Blunston that if his Hon¬ himself on the Conoooeheague. But per¬ our would be pleased to do so, that I would haps the most salient (features of his char¬ Rether have it in land than any other way, acter are shown in the use he made of the and as I was a millright; and that there favor of the Hon. Thomas Penn, and the was a stream called Seder Spring in the flattery with which hie covered his request Manor of Lowder, that I would build a mill for the coveted grant. Not only would he on it, that might accommodate aney one ! “Rether have it in land than any other of the Honerable Fameley that might think 1 wav,” but he “would build a mill on it. fitt to make a Contery Seat there. On his That might accommodate aney of the Hon¬ hearing this his Honour was pleased to or¬ erable Fameley that might think fitt to der his Secretary of the Land Office, who make a Contery Seat there.” He obtained was James Steel at that time, and was or¬ his reward, and the order by which he ob¬ dered to be Recorded for a Com Mill and tained it we must regard as the beginning plantation.” of a history that is very dear to us. This was in 1736, but it is elear that young Of the early settlers on the Conoco- Benjamin Chambers had already set his eheague we have little definite knowledge, heart upon “Fawlling Spring on Cannogo- and of those who first came to this spot, gige,” as a contery seat for himself as well besides Benjamin Chambers and his bride, as a corn mill and plantation. Two years none at all. We know that the first before, when he was not more than of age, preaching among the cedars in which the he had obtained a so-called Blunston Falling Spring Church has stood for more license for the property that now came to than a century and a quarter was by the him as a gift from the Proprietaries. Boy Rev. Samuel Thomson, and we only know as'he was, it is not unlikely that he was 1 this because Richard O’Cahan, Joseph here even earlier as an Indian trader, per- I Armstrong, Benjamin Chambers and Pat¬ haps in conjunction with the Patterson | rick Jack agreed to pay him one pound, trade on the upper Potomac, which was six shillings, “the whole of the arrearages broken up by Cresap’s war. The transac¬ due him trom the people of Conigogig.” tion was important, however, for Chambers Thomson was a young man, licensed by ; now obtained as a reward what before he the Newcastle Presbytery and, being a can¬ had sought to obtain by purchase. We didate for the pastorate of the churches also learn from the Chambers letter that “over the river,” he was received by the what we now call Falling Spring was first Presbytery of Donegal, in 1737, as a proba¬ known as Cedar Spring, the name Falling tioner, and exhorted to diligence in his Spring being, apparently, confined to that studies. It was in that year and the next part of the stream at the falls. But what that he preached at Falling Spring. The was the manor of Lowder? Such is the ob¬ people of Conococheague desired to retain scurity, and I might add the rascality of the services of the young licentiate, but the the early Proprietary reservations, that a application of Benjamin Chambers and definite answer to this question is impossi¬ Thomas Brown, in 1738, was not acceded ble. Is the name Lowder in Mr. Chambers’ I to by the Presbytery. Thomson was or¬ orthography identical with Lowther, the j dained and installed pastor of the Meet¬ name of an ostensible Indian reservation ing House Springs (Carlisle) and Silvers’ on the Susquehanna, at the lower end of Spring (Hogestown) churches, November the valley? I am inclined to think so, not¬ 14,1739, and the same year Falling Spring withstanding the conclusion involves the obtained the services of the Rev. Samuel proposition that the whole of the Cumber¬ Caven. Thomas Brown represented East land Valley was originally included in the Conococheague, as Greencastle was then Manor of Lowther. The conclusion does called, and especially asked thst “a minis¬ no violence to the principles of the land- ter be sent there to baptize children and hungry Penns. Its extent is no argument inspect their disorders.” This language is against the probability. The Manor of rather vague, but we- may assume that it Springettsbury, to which I have already was the moral disorders of the adults, alluded and which was surveyed by order rather than the infantile maladies of the of Sir William Keith in 1722, originally youngsters, that he asked should be brought comprised about 70,000 acres. To call the under inspection. The Rev. Mr. Black whole of this valley a manor was easy for was sent, and it was not until his report the Hon. Thomas Penn, at the time he was was made in August, 1738, that Mr. Caven executing the infamous “Walking Pur¬ was called. Caven declined giving an an¬ chase.” But this, as Rudyard Kipling says, swer until April 5, 1739, and was ordained is another story, which I abandon all the and installed Nov. 16, two days after the more readily because if I attempted to tell ordination and installation of Mr. Thom¬ it I should keep you here all night. son, at Meeting House Springs. Mr. Caven These glimpses of Benjamin Chambers remained only two years, ministering both afford us a better estimate of the charac¬ at Chambersburg and Greencastle—Falling Spring and East Conococheague. ThelH ter of the founder of Chambersburg, as a - -„ _T. * _ grant for a’place on which he had lived cause of his feTire^ff&nt^ waa -ins adhesion for six or seven years, but that the land to the Old Side in the controversy that was was claimed by John Black of “Canigo- toe result of the revival td' which George chick Settlement.” Black, it seems, had Whitefield gave such a remarkable im¬ a place adjoining Dunlap’s but sold his petus. This division not only deprived claim to another man, and then obtained Falling- Spring of its pastor, bill it render¬ a patent from the Proprietary for Dun¬ ed the Presbytery of Donegal almost im¬ lap’s land. When the facts were, made potent in the upper part ofthe Cumberland clear Dunlap’s prior grant told in his favor, valley, and diverted nearly all ot all the and Black’s patent was annulled. Then membership of the Falling Spring charge John and Robert Black induced Captain to Rocky Spring, of which the Rev. John Charlton of the Maryland garrisop, arid Blair had become pastor in conjunction his brother, and several other persons to with Middle Spring and Big Spring, under come with arms to dispossess Dunlap; and the auspices of the Newcastle Presbytery. Reynolds told Shippen that they “Beat ye From all this we may assume that our famely & Brake & spoyled his Goods, and Presbyterian ancestors were very good Methodists. I think there is no reason to beat his wife so that they Dont Expect doubt that the Falling Spring Church was she will live; & afterwards said they had orders to dispossess them.” In the trou- not in existence between 1741 and 1767. b es of which Black’s course was only one The church at Greencastle suffered a simi¬ lar eclipse from the feud from 1741 to 1752, example, Benjamin Chambers was the when the Rev. John Steel became the pas¬ most conspicuous man in the Cumberland tor at Bast Conococheague, in conjunction Valley, and because of his knowledge of with Upper West Conococheague, as the tho merits of the controversy he was one Mercersburg charge was called. Steel ad¬ of the witnesses sent to England to testify hered to the Old Side in the controversy, in behalf of the Penns. As the result of and remained true to the Presbytery of this visit, Mr. Chambers brought back Donegal. I believe it is because sufficient with him from Ireland a number of immi¬ importance has not been attached to the grants, who are also entitled to be includ¬ bitterness ot the feuds between the Old and ed amdng the founders of Chambersburg. New sides, that the doubts in regard to the As it was not until 1764 that Benjamin early history of the Falling Spring and Chambers announced that “there is a town Rocky Spring churches are due. laid out on Conegogig Creek,” we may as¬ Of the men who were associated with sume that what my friend Foltz calls the Benjamin Chambers in the agreement to j “Queen City of the Cumberland Valley,” pay the arrearages due to the Rev. Samuel was not nursed in its royal swaddling Thomson in 1738, Richard O’Cahan, or clothes for more than thirty years after O’Caine, as the name was sometimes the settlement. Indeed, its progress was spelled, belonged to Guilford township, slow until the county was created twenty and Joseph Armstrong and Patrick Jack years after the town was laid out. It is j to Hamilton. John O’Caine, the father of not easy to repeople, even in part, the new Richard, died in 1752, leaving his estate to county seat as it was a century ago. The his brother Daniel and his son Richard. first tavern, in which the first sessions of Although the O’Caines are associated the courts were held, was on the corner of with Guilford township in the Cumberland the Square where Congressman Mahon county records it is probable that Richard now lives. It was kept by Robert Jack O’Caiue represented Bast Conococheague, and afterward by James, or more famil¬ n the arrangements made with the Pres¬ iarly, “Jimmy” Jack. The old stone house bytery of Donegal in regard to the pay¬ that was built on this site is very Conspicu¬ ment of Mb, Thomson. Both Armstong ous, with its Lewis Denig sign, in the early and Jack were prominent men in the colo- 1 prints of Chambersburg. Gen. James nial period, and their sons of the same Chambers, the only son of Sarah Patterson, names in the Revolution. The Armstrongs lived od the opposite or Hoke corner, but and Jacks were afterward connected with with his family he spent much of his time the Rocky Spring church. Thos. Brown, at his Loudon forge and died there. Capt. who united with Benjamin Chambers in Samuel Lindsay, a Revolutionary soldier, the supplication for Thomson, was the an¬ lived where the Courthouse stands. The cestor of the Brown family, of Brown’s house of Col. Benjamin Chambers, the Mill. These we know were among the founder, was on the west bank ofthe creek, earliest settlers of what is now Franklin nearly opposite the Falling Spring grave¬ county, and as such we may include them yard, in which he sleeps with his second with the founders of Chambersburg. wife and their children^ His first wife, it In our recognition of the importance of may be, fills an unmarked grave in the old Benjamin Chambers’ part in the settle¬ Donegal churchyard, at Maytown. In one ment of this section of the valley in our of the early accounts of Chambersburg it local history, we have been too apt, I j is said that Col. William Chambers lived think, to overlook the real character of his in the house long occupied by Alonzo Fry, relations to the Proprietary. We may be north of the National Hotel. The impres¬ sure that his championship of the Penns, sion is created that he was a son of the in the dispute with Lord "Baltimore, was founder, but such was not the fact. The not a mere sentiment on the Conoco founder’s son was Williams, not William. cheague, any more than on the Susque¬ He died unmarried, but owned the prop¬ hanna. The same influences were at work erty on the south-west corner of Main and in the upper part of this valley to pro¬ Queen streets. William Chambers, who mote or repel the encroachments of Mary¬ lived in the Fry house, was a brother of the land, if they were encroachments, that late Judge George Chambers, whom I well were operative at Cresap’s fort on the remember. He was a lawyer, and I have Canodochly, and in the grants that are his copy of Purden’s Digest—a first edition, embalmed in border history as “Digges’ interleaved, and continued until the year Choice” and “Carroll’s Delight.” That of his death, 1823, in his own handwriting. such was the case is made clear by the I shall present it to this society as soon as sharp practice of one John Black. In it has a place to keep its prospective treas¬ 1742,"John Reynolds wrote to Edward Ship- ures. Dr. John Colhoun, who married pen that Andrew Dunlap had obtained a RuhamaifChambers, one of the daughters oi course enjoyed very few advantages. She of the first Benjamin, lived on the corner was not fond of study, but dreaded being of Main and King streets, and Dr. Abrar ham Senseny, the ancestor of three genera¬ thought ignorant. She read all the books that tions of doctors, in a modest house, a few came in her way, and thus acquired much feet from where we are now assembled, on miscellaneous knowledge. She had a very the site of the house long occupied by Dr. quick perception and intuitive comprehen¬ Benjamin S. Schneck. But I am wearying, sion ot all that was said around her by wiser you, and so I bring my list of the founders? heads and had great tact and ready adapta¬ of Chambersburg to a close, leaving it to\ tion to persons and circumstances. She was others to tell you who and what were the \ I peculiarly an intelligent listener, and often makers of Chambersburg. j created astonishment by the readiness with which she seized upon an idea. All this> joined to a retentive memory and great fluency and even elegance of speech, made her one of the most brilliant conversational¬ ists of her day. On the eve of the Revolution she married James Poe. He was among the first to volunteer in the cause of freedom, and far from holding him back or lamenting over his determination, his young and spir¬ ited wife did her best to encourage and to help him. The services of her husband were chiefly on the frontiers and on several occa¬ sions when it was necessary tor the Rangers to go into camp for the winter, Mrs. Poe al' ways rejoined her husband, enduring very cheenully the narrow quarters and camp fare. Her courage and her spirits, however, DR. EGLE HIES OF never failed her, and in the cold and com¬ fortless camp, as in her happy home at Ait- trim, she made sunshine tor ahl around. Of ELIZABETH POTTER. her services and of .self-denials during the war of the Revolution, they were in common with the settlers on the frontiers, ministering to thS comfort of those who were struggling An Interesting Sketch of an An¬ for their country's independence. Her after life was one chiefly of struggle and sorrow, trim Township Woman. for it was during the second war for inde¬ pendence that her well-beloved son, Adju¬ tant Thomas Poe, fell at the battle of Chip¬ FAITHFUL TO HER HUSBAND IN pewa, on the 6th of July, 1814. Mrs. Poe died on the 11th of September, 1819, and was buried WAR TIMES. at Brown’s Mill graveyard. James Poe, son * of Thomas Poe, was born in what is now An¬ trim township, Franklin county, Penna., H-r Beloved Son Fell at the Battle of April 15th, 1748. He was brought up on his Chippewa on July 6, 1814. father’s farm as was most of the sons of the The following sketch of Elizabeth pioneers, and found it necessary to earn his Potter of Antrim township is from the bread “by the sweat of his brow.” As early pen of Dr. W. H. Egle of Harrisburg. ! as the 26th of July, 1764, although but a lad of sixteen years he formed one of a party of It will be of profit to those interested in settlers who, under the command of Lieut- the ear ly history of this county. If any James Potter, pursued the savages who had of our readers have any other informa¬ massacred the schoolmaster and scholars at tion about any of these persons the Guitner’s school house. When the war for independence became an established fact' Spirit will he pleased to hear from them James Poe was among the first to offer his by letter or in person. services to his country. He assisted in the organization of a company of associators in ^ r 1776, of which he was a lieutenant. He was Elizabeth Potter, only child of James Pot¬ commissioned July 81, 1777, captain of the ter by his first wife, Elizabeth Cathcart, was j : Third company, Sth battalion, Cumberland born October 17, 1775, in Antrim township [ county militia, commanded by Col. Abra¬ Cumberland county. Her father was an offil ham Smith. He held the same position in cer in the French and Indian War, was under May, 1TTB and from that on until the close of Col. Armstrong at the destruction of the Kit- the Revolutionary struggle he was in active taning, and during the War of the Revolution service, especially on the frontiers. At the early enlisted in its cause. The services of close of the war Captain Poe returned to his General Potter in the Pennsylvania cam¬ farm in Antrim. His military services were, paign of 1777 were verv distinguished, and in however, supplemented In after life by im¬ the spring of 1778 Washington wrote from portant business of a civil character. On the Valley Forge that “if the state of General 22d ot October, 178S, he was appointed by the Potter’s affairs will admit of his return to the state authorities commissioner of taxes for army, I shall be exceedingly glad to see him, Cumberland county. Upon the formation oi as his activity and vigilance have been very the new county of Franklin, he was chosen its much wanted daring the winter.” The op' first county commissioner, and served in portunity for female education being very that capacity from 1785 to 1787. In 1797 he was limited in those early days, Elizabeth Potter once more cnosen ror a term In 1796 he was elected a member sernbly, and served Inlthat hnri tbe -^-s" mueir interest in wmen tne past is 1S00 to 1S03 under ”,that body again from rich, yet they have scarcely been a. im, touched upon. In romance we have senatorial district arm an mdePendent “The Hawks of Hawk Hollow,” a book ment, serving* in t-h* . 61 tbat aPP01»t- but little known today. It is an interest¬ 18U, to December, 1819 'With Ihf ,Deceinbei' ing novel written by Dr. Robert Mont¬ last senatorial term he retired r ^ °f hiS gomery Bird of Philadelphia. True its service. He died at hi* * fr°m pubIlc scenes are laid around the Delaware Wa¬ of June. 182*. surviving his ^ °n the 22d but three years and S k 8 admiraWe wife ter Gap, but the leading characters were In Brown’s Miil’Irmvr8^Uried by her it is said prominent outlaws who infest¬ slab bears the fonowin^£Jt*^ St°ne ed Cumberland and Franklin counties Sacred and some of the incidents relate to to the Memory of events and occurrences within our own James Poe, Esquire, borders. It is claimed to be a romance Patriot of the Revolution of 1776 a smeere friend and honest man of the Cumberland Valley. Border and Life relates some of the many stories a professor of the Christian Religion ' and legends of the last century, which who departed this life June 22d ^n are vivid accounts of the dangers and aged 74 years. tortures, that for many long, weary years confronted the pioneers while en¬ gaged in turning the county from a the “mm Hour wilderness into fields of great fruitful¬ ness. There are many tales of haun¬ ted houses and haunted localities, sto¬ Of Southampton Township and In¬ ries of witchcraft and of witch doctors cidental History, who claimed to fight these servants of the devil; deeds of mercy and love by Jj The following paper was read before nave, patriotic women in every com¬ the Kittochtinny Historical Society at munity. These are yet tradition and its May meeting on Thursday evening, it is hoped that this society will put May 25, at the residence of J. W. Cree, them on the pages of our local history. Philadelphia avenue. The story is one In this paper I propose to take up familiar to the older residents of that the threads of a story that was a very section but has never been gathered in familiar one in my early boyhood a story tor the public. This paper was days and weave them into a web for read by John G. Orr. -W; preservation. They have been gath¬ ered from those who were familiar © •' ' with them and persons who were prom¬ ^T^he greater portion of the writ- inent in that community more than *• ten history of Franklin county re¬ fifty years ago and familiar with the lates to its participation in the French and Indian wars for supremacy, in tne incidents of their life. Four of these Border wars for its own protection and whom I lately have seen were the part it took in aiding the Colonies once residents of that township and to achieve their independence and sep¬ have passed their eighty-first year in arate themselves from the mother coun¬ the full enjoyment of their faculties. try. These were the leading events of The scene is laid in Southampton the last century and it is but natural township, but its influence extended be¬ they should occupy a place so promi¬ yond the borders of the township, the nent in its annals. But there are county, and the state. That portion many matters of minor importance, of the valley which lies along the South yet of value and tunfull otof interest con¬ Mountain is rich in deposits of iron nected with the county’s history that and for a half century or more these are very worthy of the historian's pen. beds of ore were a source of much rev¬ These should not only be carefully gath¬ enue to their owners. The rapidly ered but put in such form as to be ac¬ growing uses of iron and the prox¬ cessible for any who are interested in imity of large tracts of wooded land I the preservation ot its past. Romance to these deposits made the vallej and Folk Lore are two subjects of a manufacturing centre of iron. The second quarter of this century saw six charcoal furnaces, some of them with ' forges and foundr ies in active operation, _t_ „ laying on Of hands . in a stretch ot twenty miles. Across and annbinting have their foundation | the eastern border were Big Pond, in the Bible and it is little wonder the Mary Ann and Maria furnaces. Within designing and unscrupulous meet with the county were Southampton, Caledo¬ so much financial success in their nia and Mont Alto. These gave em¬ j pretended power to heal. Mrs. Stine ployment to large numbers of un¬ was the business manager of the house skilled laborers and drew into each | hold and gave it the success and profit furnace community many who had lit¬ it enjoyed. Soon after their arrival she tle or no reverence for the moral or j purchased of Andrew Frazer some statute laws. These furnaces long since three acres of land along the moun¬ ceased operations, but for many years tain road not far from the furnace. On afterwards there remained in their this she erected a small one and one- neighborhood an element whose law¬ I half story log house in which she lived lessness was often ventilated and pun¬ I until her death in 1853. Here she raised ished in our criminal courts. Time her family and used the gifts of healing has removed the leaders to a higher she possessed. This plain, unpretensious tribunal and these communities are house became the Mecca of the many now as law-abiding as any other sec¬ who had heard of her wonderful yet sim tion of the county. Many of these j pie power. The marvelous cures made laborers migrated from furnace to fur¬ | so unostentatiously and so simply lost nace in search of work or desire for none of their virtue by distance and change and the result • was that many many weary miles were journeyed that of them had been laborers at all these | the rich blood of health might again furnaces. course through almost pulseless veins Near the border of the county where I and new life take up its abode in bod- it joins Cumberland county was South¬ [ ies weakened by disease. Her fame, ampton furnace, built by Ihomas therefore, was not confined to this Chambers, in 1823. Southampton fur¬ locality or community but extended to nace has been out of blast for more than Chester, Berks, Lancaster, Dauphin fifty years and its site is marked by the and Cumberland counties and to Ma¬ cinders of its own making. Its foundry ryland and Virginia. From all these has ceased to “mould” and “cast | and other points came the suffering for and a once busy industry is dead and relief. lies buried at the mountain’s foot. To This healer by faith was scarcely this furnace community in the spring of known by her family name, Stine, but 1830 came Jacob Stine and his family, as the ‘‘doctor woman,” by Which she removing from the Little Cove, some is best remembered in that community. say from a furnace near Williamsport, I Her power of relieving and healing Md. Jacob Stine was a furnace hand and disease, as has been intimated, did not his family came to Southampton furnace come from her knowledge of medicine, as strangers; but his wife was destined to I but was an inheritance from her ances¬ become a well and widely known tors who had the same inherent cura¬ woman lor many years, through her tive powers. She was a member of I special Jjffl of healing which made her j the Lutheran church and practised no | much sought after by the diseased. j “black arts,” used no “words” to ac¬ complish what she believed her mis¬ The ills that flesh is heir to are as ‘‘the sion. The virtue of her power lay sands of the sea for multitude” and the within herself and its outward applica¬ remedies for diseases are even greater tion wits by a “rag” dipped in a cup £ number. From the earliest times of grease and used for fevers, pains, there has been a mystery thrown around I wounds, rheumatism and every manner the art of healing and a healer was | of disease, acute or chronic. The looked on as more than an ordinary patients were received without any for¬ mortal. The more ignorant the patie tit mality by her, waiting with many oth¬ or the community the greater their ers until their turn for attention. They power and many a charlatan has had were then simply questioned as to the more honor and been more favorably symptoms or the ailments. After a regarded than ajuler of ajrovmce. knowledge of the case was obtained by Tnrpc hv fnl+b—t.'" such diagnosis the sufferer was greased Tflui me “rag uiainiau uoue sunnai way and in fjill view of the officer of service in hundreds ot cases. The i the law which she had knowingly and “doctor woman” retired to the one I wilfully violated, she gathered up her private apartment and while the patient I scanty skirts, showed her heels to him waited she, for a short time, endured and took to the woods which almost conditions similar to the afflicted and I surrounded her mountain home. She presently came out bearing the in¬ was a terror to her neighbors when on dications of what she suffered. Im¬ her mettle. Another son was Jacob mediately the sufferer began, to ex¬ perience relief and was bade go home who removed to Iowa. His oldest and final cure would come in due time. son was Isaac J. Stine. His grandmother Patients came but once and but one was ambitious for his future and out of application was made and the pre¬ her savings sent him to Easton to college sumption would be that all were healed. where he graduated. He took up the Among the cures I recall was the heal¬ profession of teaching and was much ing of one wno had typhoid fever and interested in the cause of education is living in Shippensburg a healthy and became the editor and owner of woman; another cured of “atrophy | Tutor and Pupil, an educational of the muscles of the arm,” who for j| monthly published in Chambersburg. many years after was active in her I Jacob, the head of the family, tiring household duties; one, a young child, of furnaces and the humdrums of mar¬ of “abjnehma,” who is yet living and ried life among the “Gentiles” joined has seen her children of the third gen¬ I the Mormons about 1834 and was never eration. j heard of in that neighborhood after¬ In personal appearance the “doctor wards. woman” was not attractive. She was Tutor and Pupil was founded by tall, spare, dark hair, brown-eyed. She James Kell and L. H. Kinneard, both had a haggard countenance which was residents at the time of Chambersburg. claimed to be the result of suffering Mr. Kell was born in Westmoreland from the diseases of her cured patients. county in 1828. Whi'e he was very She had many peculiarities. One was young the family moved to Upper that in the visiting her neighbors Strasburg where they lived for many she never sat on a chair, occasion¬ years. With his mother and two sis¬ ally on the doorstep, but generally ters he removed to Chambersburg and leaning against the wall. See was of remained until its burning by General a kindly disposition and had very McCausland and his forces in 1864. warm friends among the working class. Leaving Chambersburg he took up his ( For services rendered she made no residence in York where he read law I charge, accepting whatever her patients with Plenry L. Fisher, Esq , and was ad- j chose to give, and the result was her mitted to practise. From 1884 to 1888 ' accumulations of wealth were but a few j he was postmaster of York and during hundred dollars. The family consisted I that Period associated with him in the of the husband and wife, three sons practice oflaw his son, John F. Kell. and two daughters. One of the daugh¬ Mr. Kinneard was born near ’Squire ters married George Bums, of the Wiliam Bossart’s mill, in Hamilton neighborhood, who was a soldier in the township. He learned the printing late civil war. The other daughter trade in Valley Setinel office. After married Michael Cosey and in her disposing of the Tutor and Pu¬ later life resided in Shippensburg. She pil he went west and finally lo¬ was familiarly known as “devil” Kate cated in Harrisburg, where he engaged Stine. Kate was very combative in in business and now resides. Mr. Kin¬ her nature and her tilts with tongue neard writes this of the Tutor and and fists got her into many difficulties. Pupil: A warrant was once placed in the hands of Constable Mike Houser, of The initial or prospectus number I was published October, 1854, and was Chambersburg, for her arrest. Before used as a canvassing number. No. 1 Constable Houser reached her house j was issued January, 1855, and monthly she had knowledge of his coming, and thereafter until July 1, 1855, by James as he approached by the front en¬ Kell and L. H. Kinneard. The pros¬ trance she passed - nut—‘1-- pectus number and numbers 1, 2 and 3 were published in Valley Spirit of- flee, lotrftoasr corner of the squa^e^ F. S. Dechert and J. M. Cooper, proprie¬ woraan’s” own planting bud tors. Numbers 4, 5 and 6 were pub¬ som with beauty and fragrance each lished in the Tutor and Pupil office, returning spring and every autum ripen third floor John Noel’s hotel building, into fruit whose cheeks have been red¬ northwest corner of the square. All dened by the summer's sun and these the material in the office was new. We trees alone mark the place once the had no press and the press work was done in Valley Spirit office on a hand haven of the diseased. press. After the issue of number 6 the : cTTt, c‘c « 6 c c c c c c e t c” • T subscription list was passed to I. J. Stine, at that time teaching in Fort Loudon, and the material, type, cases, &c., sold to Valley Spirit. I went west in July, 1855, and do not know what became of Tutor and Pupil after that time For a new enterprise we weretfairly successful and lost no money. The teachers of Franklin and nearby counties interested themselves and gave us original matter, prose and poetry quantum sufficit. Dr. Samuel G. Lane wrote the leading editorial each month.” Mf. Stine after leaving Tutor and Pupil entered the ministry and preach an olo grave. , ed in Pennsylvania and later in the west, possibly in Iowa. In later years IN THE FALLING SPRING PRESEl he drifted away from the early teachings TERIAN CEMETERY. ITSBIST0R\ of his religious faith and became an unbeliever and thus lost the well- A Young Pioneer, William Forsyth, earned reputation of his youth. Was Shot Near Where His Ashes Now In the declining years of the “doc¬ Repose by an Indian Warrior, 140 tor woman’s” life her reputation as a Years Ago. Near the center of the beautiful Falling healer began to fall away and when Spring Presbyterian cemetery j of our she died in November, 1853, there was town, stands an ancient tombstone, and u little of her practice remaining. She I small footstone, of a dark, almost blue, and the generation of her patients stone something like a slate. Upon it in in spite of healing have passed into an letters still plainly legible is this inscrip unending eternity to be judged of the tion: “deeds done in the body.” Here lyes the Body From this place so long the home of of William Forsyth the “doctor woman” a beautiful pan¬ who Departed this life May ye 19th 1759, Aged orama spreads out to the vision. Close 23 years. behind it rue the rocky ridges of the As far as we know there is nothing in South Mountain, furrowed deeply by printed history telling the tragic story of ravines from whose recesses flow rivu¬ the ending of the young life of him who| lets of sparkling waters. To the north has rested under that stone for so many| and west stretch the Kittochtinny generations. Tradition has preserved for us the ro mountains, penciling with softness mantic tale and it is well worth retelling and richness in the afternoon’s sun and keeping by the art preservative for the line that marks a horizon but little future Chambersburgers to peruse. less blue than themselves. Between In 1759 Chambersburg had' not been these lies the fertile Cumberland valley founded but at the junction of the Con- with its charming streams that wind ococheague creek and the Falling Spring, among its hills, its picturesque woods not where they now commingle their waters, but where the graveyard told ot that still remain as part of the forest above is at this day, stood the old Presby¬ of a century and a half ago,its rich mead¬ terian church, in the midst of a dense ows and fertile fields and busy towns primeval forest. Near at hand was the that are continually adding to its fort of the Chambers brothers, whence in wealth. fulnessUlUCOO W4.of time our- — town-- was evolved.- , gmr The building that sheltered many in Young Forsyth was a hunter and trap¬ per and was one of the hardy pioneers search of health was torn away in 1864. Three thrifty apple trees of the “doctor who lived in or about the Chambers fort, or what is more likely spent part o is • . ! n V-v nnf i.h A life there and the rest in roving about the trackless forest hunting and trapping. _ | curvedsoasnottointerferewiththeold ’Icame paddlingdownthecreekinhis 1764, fiveyearsafterthedeathofthisfor¬ | cedarwhichstooddirectlyovertheline !from thestream,shotanarrowinto I oftheaxeandstealthilyclimbedhill [canoe, heardthenoiseofsturdyblows — " --~ — - OCTOBER MEETINGAMOSTEN= r Thursday evening attheresidenceof years ago. rest, byanIndianonthatMayday140 tain thattheyoungpioneerwasshotand unsuspecting woodman,scalpedhis fell deadbutafewfeeteastofwherehis instant anarrowpiercedhisheartandhe tinny HistoricalSociety was heldon An InterestingPaperRead byGeorge William' Alexander Esq.*onPhiladelphia is amatterofcongratulationthatwehave of theenclosure. parent reason.Thefencewhenbuiltwas curve forwhichtherenowseemsnoap¬ lieve wasblowndownbyanunusually killed almostexactlywherehisashesnow corpse anddisappeared. was choppingdownatreewhenanIndian about thetrees.Atanunfortunatemom¬ tree andeachwaitingforashotatthe watching thepalefacetoo.Forsythwas avenue. There wasquitealargeatten- his gravesoclearlymarkedasamemento mer citizenofouroldcommunityandit an ironfenceaboutit.Intheisa more yearsagonearthespotandwebe¬ ent Forsythexposedhimselfandinan protected bybeingbehindalargecedar now stands.TheIndiansawandwas saw andwaswatchinganIndianbrave the creek,justaboutwherechurch who wasalongthehillabovebanksof fort lookingforunfriendlyIndianswho a monumentoughttobeerectedthe other theywereplayingpeek-a-boo grave nowis. of thepast, heavy storm. Were thoughttobeinthevicinity.He rectly given. doubt thatthefactsareinmaincor¬ hood bymenthenoldandtherecanbeno iwfcuras theyweretoldiTintheirchild¬ The Octobermeetingof the Kittoch- Just eastofForsyth’sgraveisalotwith The bigcedarstooduntiladozenor Whichever storyiscorrectitseemscer¬ A variationofthestoryisthatForsyth Chambersburg wasnotfoundeduntil It hasbeensuggestedtothewriterthat Forsyth wasonedayscoutingfromthe Seilhamer onWilliamPenn and His TreatiesWiththeIn= KITTOCHTINNY. JOY ABLEEVENT. dians. V TreatyTree.Histreatmentofthissub¬ i dians,especiallytheGreatTreatyand tfj Wm.PennandhistreatieswiththeIn- (them witharuthlesshand.Innoneof and toruntwo daysjourneywithan horse into thecountry asthesaid river heninah creek, andbackwardofthesame, and Neshaminy, “andallalonguponNes- Indians andespeciallyin his methodsof and dishonestyofhispurchases fromthe measuring lands.Thedeed ofJune23, rists seemstohavediscovered thecunning tent todefraud.NoneofPenn’s panegy¬ i ceptedstoriesofthehistorians.The: 1683,was forlandsbetween the Pennepeck as themeasureofhispolicy.Hisdeeds recognize thebroadprinciplesofimmuta¬ [ allegedGreatTreatyhecalledtheShack-r- bear ontheirfacestheevidencesofanin¬ ble justicethathavealwaysbeenclaimed swept awaytheclaimsusuallymadefor Penn’s dealingswiththeIndiansdidhe1 made byWilliamPenn,Mr.Seilhamer to thecharacteroflandpurchases simple TreatyofAmity,aLeague tor theGreatTreaty.Butthiswasnota Friendship,but adickerforland.Inregard thought, camenearesttotheclaimsmade to it.TheTreatyofJune23,1683.he |ie wouldnothavebeensilentinregard 'ear. Iftherehadbeensuchatreatyas n 1682.InhislettersPennmadenomen- le said,thatitcouldnothaveoccurred ength. Itwasnowgenerallyconceded, illeged GreatTreatyatconsiderable ^ distinctionbetweentheGreatTreaty, hat embalmedintheShackamaxonmyth ion ofconferenceswiththeIndiansthat )f amityandfriendshipwerealwaysapart. nere dickersforlandofwhichpromises ind otherimaginativehistorians,hemade mder theKensingtonelm.Thesewere >ne treatywiththeIndianswas.made -ry inthewoodsdescribedbyClarkson ject wasaradicaldeparturefromtheac-! 10-called, andtheTreatyTree.He ;ongruity. Whilehedeniedthepagean- lition butMr.Seilhamershoweditsin- mrely imaginary.Itwasbasedonatra- it Christianity.ThepicturebyWestwas1 statement ofanhistoricalfact,butasneer hought itnotimprobablethatmorethan -hat wasneverbroken.Thisnota1 paper oftheevening,whichreferredto hamer, ofPhiladelphia,whoreadthe ens thatwasnotratifiedbyanoathandJ ant mannerintroducedMr.GeorgeSeil- Judge Stewartpresided,and,inapleas¬ me betweentheIndiansandChrist¬ Cooper's Salary has lain too long un¬ | * SSJ® paid and his Necefsity for the Exer- Resignation of David McKnight as j tions of the Congregation call loudly trustee: 1 on all concerned to make those pay- 1 ments that are justly due to him as Shippensburgh Novr 3d 1792. the Subscriptions are to be returned Sirs on or before the first day of February As it is not in my power any longer Be pleased to apply to all those Per¬ to attend to the duties of Secretary to sons who are in your District both the Corporation; I now Resign that those who hold seats & those who wish appointment; of which please to inform the Corporation that they May Act ’ - © j ' * Since of Middle . ; Sfif yx,, building a hew Meeting house near where the old M eeting house formerly Jai.fteapEsq' David' Stood Answ&r'by this Deponent yes Presidt. of the Corporation Sworn and Subscribed before Will¬ :: iam Rippey at the House of Samuel Culbertson this 7th March 1816. pew rents. Jos. Culbertson These items of accounts show the Wm. Rippey rental of pews for the support of the n pastor of Middle Spring church in The account of John McCune : 1816 The Trustees oi Middle Spring Congre¬ I79?j Twent>,'four pounds sterling gation in act with John McCune To 1 Day Hunting Drafts and writing would be a very high pew rent in any to Harisburgh.....$ 1 00 To 4 days attending Court. 4 00 church in this valley in these days To Cash for Supeneys for wittnefs... 0 25 To Two Days Taking witnefs. 2 00 when a dollar has so much greater To Expences paid J ohn Dunbarr. 117* . P°wer of purchase : S To Hawling Rye and Stacking. 2 00 To Cash paid for Thrashing rye. 1 63 To Bording Thrasher. 100 To Cash paid for Nails for stable. 0 60 Cumberland* Franklin th Counties of j Tom _ Cash paidZJ1 for»• underpinning the Dr house. 0 60 1817 To Cash paid James Henderson for plas¬ i, „ Supra Cr. . £11 10 o | ter. 3 00 By 80 Bush Wheat deliyd I To Cash paid George Deal as Receipt.. 16 00 Jno u McCune. rin n 1 To Cash paid wheeler for Draft as Pr ByCash paid Jno Mu clay ° 0 Rect. 2 00 Esq for Pulpit. y 1K . , To 3 Days attending the Tryel of the . 1® o 10 15 o land... 3 00 To Expences at the Tryel of the land as James Herron To the t, ’ ;*z *034 in. To Ballance Due Jno McCune. 6 95 Crt. Spring Congregation6 in'^th^r °f **iadle lyCumberland * Sh-anljlin. h Counties of By Cash Reed from William Scott Treas¬ urer.$10 00 By Cash Reed for Twenty live & haf NHouseT!..?!!.f^^ ln Meeting Busl of Rye. 26 50 35 60 By Amt Paid Juo ^ l € paries Lei per Esq. pr Bal due £900 The congregation’s account with To % pew N o 35. ■ £13 15 0 their pastor, Dr. John Moody, as aud¬ By ^ Pew No. 6.^ ited by James Linn, John Nevin and ■ 9 13 4 Bal. Isaac Peebles: * 1 8 Revd John Moody eh Tothe Treasurer of Middlespring Affidavit Of Josen>i n, congregation, Dr To cash paid as pr Recpt May the old and new meeting houses: 12th 1818...$367 82 To ditto paid as pr ditto Oct April Term 1810 f 5 th 1818.\. 80 34 To ditto paid as pr ditto Nov John Herron William • 30th 1818.A. 16 00 Scott and others I A greeable To ditto paid as pr ditto Dem¬ ist 1818... 611VA Trustees of Middle I to a Rule of To ditto paid as pr ditto Deer i 16th 1818... 21 30 Spring Congregation ^ Court of To ditto paid as pr ditto Jan vs 6 Cumberland 12 th 1819. 23/15 To ditto paid as pr ditto Jan Bernard Luts, & I County 19th1819. To ditto pail as pr ditto Adam Cobaugh [ March 22d 1819. To ditto paid as pr ditto Apr Franklin County fs 17th 1819... 75 -$ 636 88% Appeared before the Subscriber one To ditto paid as pr ditto May 22d 1819. 1 55 the r JUStlces °l the Peace in and for To ditto paid is pr ditto May the County of Franklin Joseph Cul- 31st1819. To ditto piiidi s pr ditto J une bertson and being Sworn according to 16th 1819. law Question by plaintiff to this Depo¬ To ditto paid as pr ditto Sep 11th 1819.!. nent How long is it Since you first To ditto paid as pr ditto Oct 12th 1819.1. 3 a Spring Congregation had To ditto paid as pr ditto Oct a Meeting House where the old Grave 21st 1819.i. 2\43 To ditto paid as pr ditto Nov l Vard now is Answer by this Deponent I 20th 1819. 4 To ditto paid as pr ditto Dec I Incline to think about fifty years I 29th 18i9. 13 03 Question by plaintiff do you know j 487' To ditto paid as pr <3 24th 1820.. 6 15 To ditto paid as pr ditto March 22d 1820. 20 76% To ditto paid as pr ditto Apr 3d 1820. 2612% SOME NOTED CHARACTERS IN THE Cash paid as pr Recpt May 52 C4 HIST$*¥ OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 4th 1820. 25*0 Ditto paid as pr ditto May 9th 1820. 302 21 For Public Opinion. Ditto paid as per ditto May ITth 1820. 24 75 M. A. Foltz, Dear Sir:—Now then since 1 Ditto paid as pr ditto Augt the history of Eli Fisher has been so sat¬ 5th 1820. 18 00 isfactorily brought out by our ffiend, J. Ditto paid as pr ditto Augt M. Cooper, who by the way is well in¬ 6th 1820. 8 72 formed as to the early history of Franklin Ditto paid as pr ditto Augt county and Chambersburg, there were to 12th 1820. 5 00 483 68 my recollections six noted characters upon Ditto paid as pr ditto Oct the stage of action. They were Frank 16th 1820. 6111 Vx Fox, Moll Bird, Eli Fisher, John Landis, Ditto paid as pr ditto Nov a man by the name of McFall, McPhuil, I 26th 1820. 11 94 do not know how the name was SDelled, Ditto paid as pr ditto Uec 23d and “Alec” Orbison. 1820.. 181 28 Ditto paid as pr ditto Feby . Frank Fox I know very little, except 2lst 1820. 64 09 that there was such a man. My mother- Ditto paid as pr ditto Feby in-law used to tell us of a Frank Fox who 21th 1820. 15 40% , traveled through the country carrying Ditto paid as pr ditto March a box or some fixture containing pictures 12th 1820. 6 38% or views of different kinds—which we Ditto paid as pr ditto May 7th 1820. 292 3(% would now call a “panorama”—which he 634 20 would exhibit for a small compensation. Ditto paid as pr ditto June Upon one occasion he became so sick be¬ 16th 1821. 19 35 fore he had all tbe views turned out that Ditto paid as pr ditto Augt they were afraid be would die on their 24th 1821. 14 86 hands. Ditto paid as pr ditto Nov 9th 1821. 43 60 Of "Moll Bird” I know nothing more Ditto paid as pr ditto Oct 16th than there was such a character. John 1821...•••••• 11° SL Landis I knew. He was atour house dif¬ Ditto paid as pr ditto Dec ferent times, read his book, saw some of 25th 1821. 93 38 his pictures, heard him preach and knew 331 80 his brother and relatives. Ditto paid as pr ditto Feby 2d .. 92 67% I very' distinctly remember Eli Fisher Ditto paid as pr ditto Apr 1st and his “dog team.” It used to be a great .. 15(X) curiosity to us boys to see him coming Ditto paid as pr ditto Apr along the road peddlmg dry goods and no¬ 23d 1822. 59 95 tions. We then lived on tbe road leading Ditto paid as nr ditto Apr 23d from Strasburg to St. Thomas. When 1S22 .. 40* oS first be came around he had one dog and Ditto paid as pr ditto Sept 30th 1822. 50 00 a small wagon. When he next came 55116% around he had two dogs and a larger wag¬ Cash as pr Recpt July 4th 1822 13 40 on. When he came around again he had Ditto" “ ditto Oet4thOet 4th " 6113 three dogs and a still larger sized wagon. Ditto" “ ditto Oct 5th “ 7 82 I have no recollection of seeing him with Ditto " " ditto Oct 29th “ 5 50 Ditto" “ ditto July 1st 1823.. 50 15 a horse and wagon, but know of him hav¬ Ditto “ “ ditto Mar 22d 1S23 24 18 ing one and going through the country Ditto “ “ ditto Apr 15th “ 48 36 peddling. I have some indistinct recol¬ Ditto" “ ditto May 9th “ 15 00 lection of him being robbed somewhere Ditto “ “ ditto May 39th “ 387 68 across the mountains—it might have been Ditto “ “ ditto Augt 12th “ 64 71% 667 93% some other peddler as there were quite a Ditto" •' ditto Augt 12th “ 7712 number at that time going through the Ditto" “ ditto Dec 8th “ 6 66 country whom I knew. Ditto “ " ditto Mar 18th 1824 35 62% He was just such a man to my recollec¬ Ditto " “ ditto Apr 12th “ 7 74% tion as my friend Cooper describes him, 127 05 and seemed to me to be about 19 or 20 Ditto" " ditto May 12th “ 39612% years old. So much for Eli Fisher. I nev¬ Ditto" “ ditto May 19th " 21710 Ditto" " ditto Octllth " 24 21 er saw or heard of him afterwards until I Ditto" “ ditto Oct 19th “ 1156% saw the article in the Opinion, but had Ditto" “ ditto Nov llth “ 65 45 supposed him to have been dead long ago. 714 45 Mr. Fall or McFtaull, of him as a char¬ Total amount paid Mr Moody acter I know little, only he was what we from the 12th May 1818 till the 17th Dec 1824. $4o8« 85 would now call a “tramp.” He “was a j little aff.” If he wanted money be would By Mr Moody’s claim on Middle- go to tbe bank and would always get sprino- congregation for seven years some. Whether he imagined he owned salary from the till the at the stock or not I do not know. I knew him at the rate of $730 pe Year is...,$5110 00 in about the beginning of the forties. Deduct amt paid,. 4586 85 And now we come to the last, but not Balance due Mr Moody. 62315 least, of the sextette under this head, We the undersigned being a committee “Alec” OrbisoD. Of him 1 need not say appointed by the Trustees of Middlespring much, for it is in the memory of many congregation to settle with the Revd John now living, and is not so long since he Moody^do find in his favour the above stated passed from this stage of action, how the sum of Five hundred & twenty three Dollars and fltteen cents. boys used to worry him, and how on the Dee 17th 1824 James Linn big “muster” and parade day he appeared John Nevin in his old “regimentals.” His displays Isaac Peebles were mostly confined to Chambersburg Committee and vicinity. With regard to Eli Fisher I would say the time referred to must have been (to r," . - 8 A. D. 1682. Chester, Philadelphia ar the best of" any recoiieotloh ) SDOtra cne ginning of the thirties, as we moved to the Bucks. place we then lived, 1828 or 1829, and it 1729. Lancaster. was a few years after that Fisher appear¬ 1749. York. ed on the scene. I am very glad and also Cumberland. very thankful to Mr. Cooper for the able 1760. articles he baa given to the public, as well 1762. Berks and Northampton. as for his history of Eli Fisher and others, 1771. Bedford. and hope he may still continue his re¬ 1772. Northumberland. searches. I thought there must still some¬ Westmoreland. one be living besides myself who knew 1773. something of this noted character. I will 1781. Washington. now close this article hoping this may 1783. Fayette. awaken interest in the history of someone 1784. Franklin and Montgomery. else or some other subject. I remain yours trulv, S, D. 8. 1785. Dauphin. Chambebsburg, Feb. 9, 1899. 1786. Luzerne. 1787. Huntingdon. 1788. Allegheny. 1789. Delaware and Miffln. Somerset. if) , ' // * 1796. Lycoming, Greene and Wayne. From, l. 1796. 1800. Armstrong,Adams,Butler,Beaver,! Centre, Crawford, Erie, Mercer, Venango | and Warren. 1803. Indiana. 1804. Jefferson, McKean, Potter, Tioga, Cambria and Clearfield. Date, 1810. Bradlord and Susquehanna. Schuylkill. Lehigh. Lebanon, Columbia and Union. Pike. COUNTY CENTENNIALS. Perry. Juniata. VALUABLE HISTORICAL! SOME Monroe. DATA IS GIVEN. Clarion and Clinton. Wyoming. Many Pennsylvania Counties Are Due Carbon and Elk. lor Centennial Celebrations, II They Blair. Sullivan. So Desire, This Year. In 1904 a Lot Forest. More Can Jubilate. Fulton, Lawrence and Montour. Written for the Franklin Depository by Snyder. Joha M Cooper Cameron. It all the counties iu Pennsylvania were Lackawanna. ,0 follow the example of Franklin arid Ffom the list it will be seen that no less I some others and celebrate their Centen¬ than ten counties were formed in the nial there would be a gay time in the line closing year (1800) of the eighteenth cen-1 of celebration iu the old Keystone as the tury and might celebrate their centennials years rolled along; and if every county did in this (1900) the closing year of the nine, what it has been suggested that old .eenth century, and I hope they will do it. I Mother Cumberland sha 1 do this year— if they should, and Cumberland should that is celebrate her s squi-centennial— ,oin in with a sesqui-centennial celebra-' there would be a still gayer time. tion, there would be an uncommon season | This closing year of the nineteenth cen¬ of jollification in Pennsylvania this,year. tury affords greater opportunity for coun¬ Another chance would occur in 1904, when I ty centennial eelebratious than will occur six counties might celebrate the one hun¬ again until the closing year of the twen¬ dredth year of their existence. After that tieth century shall be reached, for the not more than three could celebrate at closin • year of the eighteenth century (the one time before the year 2000, unless they I year 1800) stands credited with the crea¬ 'did so on reaching their half century | tion of nearly twice as many counties as mark, , .. . v/ere created in any other year in the his¬ If any county in the commonwealth tory of Pennsylvania. Beginning with could show good reasons for holding a the three counties created by William celebration twice in a oentury, Cumber¬ Penn directly after his arrival iu bis in¬ land is that county. In her original form, | fant colony, I make up the following list and soon after her creation one hundred of names and dates, for the information of ^nd fifty years ago, some of the inostint the readers of tb»- Repository: estinp and some of the most important events in the American history occurred on her soil. In the year 1749 a French r ‘ ■ ■ ' .1 officer had been sent by the Governor Potter, whom Fianklin county boasts General of Canada (then called New | among the former oocupants of her soil,: France) to take official possession of the were Captains under Armstrong. country along the Allegheny and Ohio The next great etfent in the history ot rivers, and he had placed leaden plates, Cumberland county, and it is one of the bearing inscriptions at the mouths of prin¬ great events in the history of the United cipal streams, to certify the claim of States, was the expedition of Gen. Forbes, France to the country. The plate deposi- j which marched th-ough Cumberland ted at the forks of the Ohio, (now Pitts¬ county from her eastern end almost to burg,) was dated Augusta, 1749, not quite her termination at the west, and capture six months before the formation of Cum- the coveted and highly important point ; berland county. at the “fords of the Ohio,” where Fort In June, 1862, when the county was in Duquesne gave wav to Fort Pitt. This the second year of her existence, a confer¬ j was the great turning point in the conflict ence was held at Logstown, an Indian between the English and the French in village on the Ohio, fourteen miles below North America, aud it was on what was “the forks,” between these commissioners then the soil of-‘01d Mother Cumberland and the chiefs of Indian tribes in that that this controlling act in a great drama neighborhood, at which a dispute about was enacted; as it was also on her soil that lands on the Ohio which had been ceded I Col. Bouquet, in 1763, vanquished the by the Delawares in a treaty made at Llndians after a long and fierce combat at Lancaster in 1744 was adjusted, a matter Bushy Run, in what is now Westmore¬ of much importance. The next year land county. Many thrilling events con¬ (1753) the French decided to erect a fort nected with border warfare and Indian I at Logstown and another at “the forks,” massacres also occurred within her an¬ 1 and the first move they made was to seize cient limits, but time and space forb:d the storehouse of the English traders at ;he attempt to detail them. Logstown, with skins and goods of various kinds valued at £20,000. This act of hostility could not be passed over, and in October of the same year George Washington was dispatched by the Governor of Virginia to find the French commandant wherever he might be and demand to be informed of the intentions of the French. In the execution of this mission he traversed Cumberland county from a point somewhat northeast of what is now Cumberland, Md., to Le Boeuf, about where the town of Waterford stands, in Erie county, thus crossing nearly its whole diameter in the western part. His Special DisPatch to The North American. mission had no satisfactory result. Di¬ CHAMBERSBURG, January 23. rectly after his return to Virginia a Insisting that the Seventh Day Baptist company of troops were sent out to “the Monastical Society, of Snow Hill, near forks,” and early in 1754 the first building Quincy, this county, is extinct, the State was erected where Pittsburgh now stands. has seized its property and will sell it, two- The French, however, took possession in thirds of the proceeds of the sale going to April 1754. and built Fort Du Quesne and the Commonwealth and the remaining one- held it till 1758. third to the informer. The Auditor Gen¬ eral’s Department was last summer in¬ In the same year (1754) Washington, as formed of the fact that there are no heirs Lieutenant Colonel, (Colonel Fry having to the property, and that it is no longer died,) led a force of three hundred Vir¬ occupied by monks or nuns. Accordingly, ginians into Pennsylvania and defeated Auditor General McCauley appointed Charles A. Suesserott, of this place, to the French at the Great Meadows, killing escheat the estate. In accordance with the Jumonville, their commander. Here duties of his appointment he had a survey Washington built Fort Necessity, but was of the land made by County Surveyor Wln- compelled to surrender it to a large force gert, and retained counsel to look after the interests of the State. The surveyor found of Frence, who laid siege to it before it that the real estate consisted of 167 acres, was fully completed. upon which are erected a grist mill, the | Braddock’s expedition followed the monastery, barns and shops. next year,(1765) and sustained the terrible Th!e seizure by the State recalls interest¬ ing history in connection with the property, defeat which made it such a memorable which is situated not far from Waynesboro, event. The succeeding year (1756) Col. in what is known as Quincy township. Peter Armstrong, of Carlisle, led his celebrated Lehman was supposed to be the founder of expedition to Kittanning and inflicted the institution, and his grave is about one- terrible chastisement on the hostile Indians there. Hugh Mercer and James cut the letters “P” on this side and fourth of a mile north' of .the main' build. upon the southern side. IHg. The place is commonly known as the A very few of these old milestones are nunnery; Lehman came to the southern now standing. The one shown in the cut part of Franklin county, in 1795, or a .few is now at its old position at Highfield, years earlier. He waS a native of the along the Western Maryland Railroad. Glades, Somerset county. He was a de¬ Most of them have been destroyed and even stolen. A farmer in Washington scendant of the denomihation called Amish, county, Md., has two of them in use as or Ornish, and adopted the belief of the doorsteps at his house. church at Ephrata, Lancaster county. The monastery was first built and later the white church, across the creek, where, on the seventh day of the week, the members f OLD MONASTERY SEIZED. of the community and white frairs would worship together. - 7i Historical Franklin County Nunnery Reverts to Religious meetings, small and large, have been held on the ground since 1775, and the State and Will Be Sold. perhaps earlier, and are being held still. Under the direction of Auditor General The first house erected on the ground was McCauley the commonwealth of Penn¬ a log house, built in 1765, the land being sylvania has seized the estate of the purchased from the proprietaries of Penn¬ sylvania, then under the British govern¬ Seventh Day Baptist Monastical society, ment of 1763. The second house was built of Snow Hill, I’ranklin county, and it is in 1793, the third in 1814, the fourth in 1835, likely that within a few years the “Nun¬ the fifth in 1838, end the sixth in 1843. The nery,” as it was known, will have been meeting house was built in 1829 by sub¬ scription from the public of $1600. Prior converted into dwelling houses or an in¬ to the erection of the meeting house the dustrial establishment. Under the laws meetings were held in the various houses, of the state, when a nunnery ceased to or from house to house. The most pros- I be occupied it was to revert to the state, ■nerous period at -tfifc-finm. Tr-”"— Je i the informer to get one-third of the pro¬ seems to have "been from 1820 to 1840. The 1-1 number of persons residing on the ground ceeds from the sale of the real estate and during that period ranged from twenty to the state the remainder. thirty. It was contended that the Snow Hill Last summer Auditor General Mc¬ Institute was the literary institute of the Cauley became aware of the absence of whole Ephrata persuasion, whose members chiefly reside in Lancaster, Cumberland, nuns or monks at the nunnery, and ap¬ York, Bedford and Franklin counties. pointed Charles A. Suesserott to escheat In the Franklin county court to-day a the estate. A survey was made several petition was presented for a rule on the weeks ago. under the direction of County trustees to show cause why the property Surveyor Wingert, and the place found should not escheat to the State. The rule to contain 167 acres, having thereon an was made returnable in thirty days. The old grist, mill, the monastery, barns and denomination has by -io means deterior¬ shops. It is generally believed the prop¬ ated in this section of the State. Some of erty was given to the monastical so- the most thrifty families in the Cumberland | eiety by Andrew Suowbcrger, although Valley are members of the Sevcntn Day I in a circular issued by Obed Snowberger Baptists. They do not look kindly upon the | in 1888, it was set forth that Andrew confiscation of the property by' the State. | Snowberger never gave anything away;’ They have been aware for some months i that Peter Lehman had bought the prop- that the State had taken active steps to j erty from Andrew Snowberger, and that confiscate and sell the property The I it was be who founded the Snow Hill in¬ trustees have not yet taken steps for the stitute. retention of the property. What they may On the state records of 1763 there is do remains to be seen. Their conservatism found incorporated the “Monastic So¬ may prompt them to place no obstacles in ciety of Snow Hill.” For years services the way. On the other hand, they may were held from house to house on each rise up and wage legal battle against what seventh day of the week, wherein wore they term unlawful seizure of their prop- “no fires kindled for making ready savory erty. dishes.” The annual love feast took place in Forest Temple, whence came T- —|YfjratTIH HIVU UfAU Conrad Boissel, who in early life bad The line between the property of Lord been a monk in a German monastery, but who on his advent to this country be¬ Baltimore and the Penns aroused many came a member of the Mennonite settle¬ disputes and much bad feeling in early ment at Germantown, Pa. Beissol had times, and the King and his counsellors been the leader of the denomination at in England, could find no way of stop¬ the Ephrata colony in Lancaster county. The flock here was without a leader ping the quarrels, which frequently ended I until one of their number, Hannah, a in bloodshed. Finally, in 1707, two famous prophetess, was thrice warned in a dream English astronomers, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, made the survey and to “go out to meet mine anointed.” In ran the line which established the bound¬ 1896 the bell tolled a requiem for Bro¬ ary between Pennsylvania and Maryland. ther Obed and Sister Synope, the last of The work cost $171,000, but it settled all the Friars. trouble from that time to this. On the spot where “seer” and “seeros The line runs along the southern border met ere the nineteenth century had cast of our county, Franklin, and for 132 miles aside its swaddling bands was erected the every five miles is, or was, planted a Cloister for those who took upon them¬ stone bearing on this side the arms of selves monastic vows, donning the ca- Thomas and Richard Penn carved there¬ prichiau and cowl and gown of the on and on the Maryland side the arms i Mother Superior at Ephrata. The nun¬ of’Lord Baltimore. The intermediate miles I nery building is now occupied by care¬ were marked ly stones, upon which were takers and its rooms thrown open only at the annual lovefeast. In Franklin count ~ fi ffifs, »“""»»g ttajodolyIKt'to rHA5fD ORGAN 200 YEARS OLD. Interesting Rr.H7T7w.~-jKelic Owned ,by . _BdW. Franklin, ' , 7"°“"' Deitrich removed tn ^thfcCla-2‘~Jalne® M. Castle last week antl *l,Clty from New Was a curious an/, among: his effects which is snirl tf . rare old hand organ old The oar^an°isl'eaC,?eHthan »» m« and two and a half fpP+ Tr^.ree'-?ee^ hU?h resembles the pipe orian ni t?.' I!: closely even to the pSsSn5 ftbe churches, ThW (by &mS3ffa CrMkhe pipes' Jt made by Bernard Schmidt*0 ha,vc bee« sr-«-3^-ra& ay and Schmidt was tonnti!?rVnto cle- ontinent to do the work. Sl t from the j —T—„ -— i j * | r +* t; M/ V-:-• ’ • * . P; -J P . ► " -‘. 1