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A R T 1 C L E s

VOICES OF WORLD WAR II

Hundreds ofLegionnaires tell their WWII stories in this new book. 14

RATTLE FOR THE ALEUTIANS

Americansfought the weather, as much as theJapanese, to reclaim this U.S. territory. By Sid Moody 18

Scares about tainted or tamperedfood are often more hype than health risks. By Gary Turbak 28

THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY: THE PAIN OF PEACE

The nation's economyfeels the impact ofthe U.S. Armed Forces' downsiiing, too. By William Matthews 24

THE ARMED FORCES: IS LEANER MEANER?

Experts wonder ifthe new military will add up to the best national defense. By William Matthews 26

BUREAUCRACY'S GOTTA GO!

The author o/Reinventing Government says government should work mo 'e like bnsiness. 28

TODAY S NEW NUCLEAR MONSTER

Technology and tyrants combine to spread nuclear weaponry around th e world. By Peter Schweizer 38

GUMSHOES STEP IT UP 26

Private investigators now handle the cases the police can t By Robert McGarvey 32

DEPARTS E NTS

BIG ISSUES Should the Navy stop building Seawolfsubmarines? 18

VETVOICE 4 YOUR AMERICAN LEGION 16 VETS 48

COMMANDER'S MESSAGE 8 VETERANS UPDATE 34 PARTING SHOTS 68

WASHINGTON WATCH 12 LEGION NEWS 36

COVER 's Saddam Hussein remains committed to having nuclear weapons. And many suppliers are willing to cut a deal. See Page 30. Illustration byJohn Maggard/Scott Hall Associates.

The American Legion magazine, a leader among national general-interest publications, is published monthly by The American Legion for its 3.1 million members. These military-service veterans, working through more than 1 5,000 community-level posts, dedicate themselves to Goa ana country and tradi- tional American values; strong national security; adequate ana compassionate care for veterans, their widows and orphans; community service; ana the wholesome development of our nation's youths.

AUGUST 1993 1 Take action. Millions of men are affected by impo- tence, but up to now, most

haven't talked about it. Like many common medical condi- FOR GOD AND COUNTRY tions, impotence is treatable. 700 N. Pennsylvania St. Take the first step toward P.O. Box 1055 Indianapolis, IN 46206 resuming a healthy relation- 317-635-8411 mm ship. your doctor a National Ask about Roger A. Munson treatment method that doesn't Publisher/Editor-in-Chief involve surgery - or drugs. Daniel S. Wheeler Non- surgical ErecAid® System Editor John Greenwald has been used successfully by Managing Editor over 100,000 couples. ErecAid Miles Z. Epstein HI Associate Editor offers a simple treatment - one Raymond H. Mahon that is completely non-invasive. Assistant Editors T. Douglas Donaldson For most, it's the only treat- 111 Ken Scharnberg ment they'll ever need. Art Director Studies show ErecAid System Simon Smith Art and Production Assistants 11H to be 90% successful in treating Caron M. Morales, Cindy G. Johnson it nearly any type of impotence - Production Manager William L. Poff regardless of cause. But nothing Administration happens until you act. Find out Joan L. Berzins, Patricia Marschand more about ErecAid System Advertising Director Donald B. Thomson calling by Advertising Assistants Diane Andretti, Natosha A. Lukashik 1-800-435-6780. The American Legion Magazine P.O. Box 7068 Indianapolis, IN 46207 317-635-8411 Publisher's Representatives MAKE THE CALL Fox Associates, Inc. : 312-644-3888 New York: 212-725-2106 Los Angeles: 213-487-5630 Detroit, Ml: 313-543-0068 Atlanta: 404-252-0968 : 415-989-5804

The American Legion Magazine Commission Milford A. Forrester, Chairman, Greenville, SC; George G. Sinopoli, Vice Chairman, Fresno, CA; James R. Kelley, National Commander's Representative, Wayne, PA; James D. Baker, Tulsa, OK; George F. Ballard, Belleville, IL; J. Leslie Brown Jr., Louisville, KY; Joseph Chase, Hatboro, PA; Donald Conn, South Bend, IN; James W. Conway, Charlestown, MA; Orval E. Faubus, Conway, AR; James H. Hall, Hopewell, NJ; Halbert G. Horton, Topeka, KS; W.B. (Brad) Jorgens, Beardsly, MN; Eugene J. Kelley, Savannah, GA; James V. Kissner, Palatine, IL; Russell H. Laird, Des Moines, IA; J. Fred Mitchell, Brewton, AL; Eddie D. Mohler, Lancaster, OH;

J.H. Morris, Baton Rouge, LA; Everett G. Shepard, III, Woodstock, CT; Robert E. Vass Sr., Huntington, WV; Paul T. Woodard, Lacey, WA; John W.J. Richter, Consul- tant, Brenham, TX; Neal L. Thomas Jr., Consultant, Colorado Springs, CO.

Copyright i by The American Legion

The American Legion (ISSN 0886-1234) is published monthly by The American Legion, 5561 W. 74th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46268. Second-class postage paid at Indianapolis, IN 46204 and additional mailing offices. Price: Annual subscription, $12 ($18, Foreign); post- sponsored gift subscriptions, $4; Single copy, $2. POST- MASTER; Send address changes to The American Legion, ErecAid® Systems Input Services, P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206.

Change of Address: Notify The American Legion, Input By Prescription Only Services, P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206. 317-328-4616. Attach old address label, provide old and new addresses and current membership card number.

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Animal Rights Two years ago, animal rights animals or torture in the name of sci- Animal research prolonged my life activists killed legislation that would ence. They're like that kid in every- ("Science in a Cage," May). Such establish a pilot program to train ani- body's class who liked to tear the research should be continued but not mals to help paralyzed veterans and to wings off flies and swing kittens abused. Animal rights people have no provide signal dogs to hearing- around by the tails. right to force their opinions on others. impaired veterans. This is a perfect George D. Kline WillardHope example of putting animals before Jonestown, Pa. Los Angeles people. P. Hanson A certain amount of animal experi- Miami Line-Item Veto mentation is necessary in scientific The President should have the line- work. But there are many innovations The only thing animal rights item veto (Big Issues, May). It would and new technologies that make it activists have done is make researchers get rid of the pork in our budget. unnecessary to use live animals for more accountable for their "science." Paul J. Losen medical experimentation. Animals For decades, taxpayer money has been Maple Grove, Minn. have feelings and can feel pain. I just used to arbitrarily torture animals. Ani- don't believe they were put on earth to mal rights activists have helped pull in With the line-item veto, the politi- be tortured and abused. the reins on wasteful, unnecessary cal parasites in might Rita Martin research. have to cut out the pork from the bud-

Downers Grove, III. Tina Santopoalo get. I think our Founding Fathers

Waukegan, III. would roll over in their graves if they "Science In a Cage" was a well- could see what the greedy politicians balanced, informative article that Thousands of animals needlessly have done to this country. should be read by everyone. As a die each year. Tests are repeated over R.N. O'Neill medical researcher who uses animals, and over to "verify." It is this sort of Valparaiso, Ind.

I have seen firsthand the dramatic irresponsible behavior that has turned increase in: the cost of animals; vio- the public against the use of animals in lence; harassment and intimidation of research. No Foreign Cars researchers; an overwhelming increase Laura McKenzie I would fight to my death to see in paperwork to comply with federal Dayton, Ohio that America stayed free, and we con- regulations; manipulations of the pub- tinue to have the opportunity to make lic with untrue statements; and the Animals have no rights. They choices such as which car to buy publicizing of sensational pictures of should be used to improve our life. ("Right To Buy," Vetvoice, May). questionable validity. Albert E. Briede III Less than 10 years ago the United

In 30 years of research, I have States was the richest nation in the never seen an animal suffer in the lab- world. We're now No. 2 behind . oratory. In fact, laboratory animals I always thought of doctors as heal- I have eight grandchildren, and I do receive better care than most pets. ers, not ones who bash in the heads- of Please turn page

WE WANT YOUR OPINIONS Corrections • The article, "Is This Operation the American legion magazine letter to the editor by calling: Really Necessary?" (April), invited welcomes letters to the editor con- readers to contact the New York-based (314) 474-7474 cerning articles that appear in the Center for Medical Consumers for Please leave your name, home- publication. information on surgical mortality rates town and daytime phone number. Mail letters to: at various hospitals. However, the cen- Callers' opinions receive a sym- ter says no such service is available The American Legion magazine bol when published. and, therefore, it will be unable to P.O. Box 1055 Here's how you responded to letters sent readers. IN respond to by We Indianapolis, 46206 questions raised in recent issues: regret any inconvenience to the center Short letters are more likely to be • Should Congress give the Pres- and to those who requested informa- published. All letters may be edited ident the line-item veto? tion from it. for clarity and brevity. Volume pre- Yes 71% No 29% • The number of yearly issues of the cludes individual acknowledgements • Should animals be used in sci- Department of Michigan's newspaper of comments on editorial content. entific testing? was incorrectly stated in "First Casual- You also can leave an electronic Yes 36% No 64% ties of the Postal War" (May). It is pub- lished nine times per year.

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION - .

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the creation of "The Duke" by the award-winning artist per collector. ,„, , i *Plus my state sales tax shipping and handling. Robert Tanenbaum—the first collector plate ever authorized and $2. 95 for and authenticated by the Wayne family. In the tradition of SIGNATURE _ ALL ORDERS ARE SUBJECT TO ACCEPTANCE the most prized collectibles, this heirloom collector plate is MR/MRS/MISS crafted of fine porcelain and lavished with breathtaking color. PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY

It is hand-numbered bordered and in 24 karat gold. And ADDRESS APT.# each imported plate bears the artist's signature mark on its reverse side. CITY/STATE/ZIP Priced at just $29.50, this Limited Edition will be TELEPHONE #(. closedforever after just 45 firing days. Available exclusively 16332-6YFK-51 Satisfaction Guaranteed. If you wish to return any Franklin Mint purchase, you may do from The Franklin Mint, Franklin Center, PA 19091-0001. so within 30 days of your receipt of that purchase for replacement, credit or refund VETVOICE

not want to leave that kind of legacy tions off to the House and Senate com- risk just to make an aberrant lifestyle to them. It might cost me a little, but mittees to quash this increase. acceptable? I'll still proudly buy American. William H. Cameron Joseph S. Burke Roy H. Parks Nashville, Tenn. Peshastin, Wash. The number of nonprofit mailers I am very much in favor of lifting has risen from 12,000 in 1952 to the ban. It is un-American, irrational, Diamond Notes 305,000 in 1986 to more than 400,000 stupid, evil and mean-spirited. The Les Brindley's article, "Diamond in 1993. Because Congress has made ban is based on lies and affects all of Mine" (May), left out the fact that the funding promise to nonprofit mail- our freedoms. Legion baseball started in Milbank, ers, the revenue forgone subsidy to the Scott Koren S.D. A monument stands here pro- U.S. Post Office is necessary. San Francisco claiming the birth of the program. But if Congress is unable to fully Clarence Justice fund its own program, the postal ser- This continual whining by homo- Milbank, S.D. vice should be allowed to change the sexuals because they can't serve their postage rates of subsidized mailers. country is getting on my nerves. I am How could Brindley omit the name The Legion's war is with Congress, a thrice-wounded infantry veteran of of Rollie Fingers from a story about not the U.S. Post Office. World War II. I would gladly have American Legion Baseball? Fingers, Dave Ueltschi given my place to a woman or a one of the top three relief pitchers ever Danville, Ky. homosexual. I would be very pleased to play the game, was even inducted in to see the entire complement of our the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooper- Armed Forces composed of only stown, N.Y.. Gays And The Ban homosexuals. Then the rest of us James Sestito A key element in the controversy would be spared the nightmare of Safety Harbor, Fla. about allowing homosexuals to serve combat and the possibility of spending in the military has been missing from the rest of our lives blinded or con- And how can we review the list of the debate. Many military people are fined to a wheelchair. Legion baseball alumni without men- entrusted to positions of significant Meredith E. Dittman tioning the No. 1 graduate — Bob responsibility. Their reliability is Butler, Pa. Feller? evaluated based on the many moral Joe Parmer and ethical decisions they make each Doctor's Fargo, N.D. day. Response In Steve Salerno's article, "Is This The choice of an individual who Operation Really Necessary?" (April), engages in homosexual activities is a no one can argue with the statements It's In The Mail clear demonstration of a willingness to that surgery should never be undertak- I was disappointed with your arti- compromise the most basic moral en casually, and should only be done cle, "First Casualties of the Postal issues. Our military is rightfully held by expert surgeons. But Salerno dras- War" (May). You gave the impression to high standards. There is no com- tically overstates the risks, and under- that the postal service was eliminating pelling reason for this nation to com- states the benefits of most of the pro- revenue forgone for nonprofit mailers promise on those standards. cedures he discusses. on their own. The administration and Richard W. Krom To suggest that these operations are Congress made that decision. The Niantic, Conn. over-prescribed and unnecessary not postal service will have no alternative only maligns those of us who devote other than to pass on these costs to our I am the wife of an enlisted soldier our lives to doing what is best for the mailers, such as THE AMERICAN and a mother of two children. I pray patients, but risks depriving people of LEGION magazine. that the ban will never be lifted. I hope proven operations without which they Lamar D. Kerstetter my children will never see two males may face devastating disability. Postmaster or females living next door to us, or Stephen D. Leonard, M.D., F.A.C.S. Williamsport, Pa. outside kissing on the lips. Try Major, USAFR, MC, FS explaining that to a child. It disturbs me to think about the Christina Alberry post office raising its rates again. It is Fort Drum, N.Y. Subs And Survivors a floundering, unprofitable entity com- If "Mr. Sharkhunter" Harry Cooper pletely out of control, and it seems to Has anyone fever considered the ("U-boats," Vetvoice, May) does not continue with congressional blessings. example of penal institutions when believe that sharks kill, he should have Postal wages have skyrocketed while sexual libidos are restrained and been along for the ride. I was — on the the service has deteriorated. homosexuals and heterosexuals are merchant ship Esso Bolivary on March Let us, all Legionnaires, sign a mingled? Frequently, the result is 8, 1942. After we were torpedoed, I Post-by-Post resolution opposing these forcible rape or gang rape. Do we watched as the subs turned their increased rates, and send the resolu- want to place our service personnel at Please turn to page 55

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'IF THE LEGION IS FOR IT, WE WILL BE FOR IT.'

Whereas, It is the opinion of the National Executive Committee of The American Legion that unless a dues increase is forthcoming for the year 1994, the National Organization's financial structure will be placed in jeopardy, and the National Organiza- tion will be forced to curtail drastically some of its traditional and long-stand- ing programs; now, therefore, be it

Resolved. . . That the National Exec- utive Committee hereby recommends to the 1993 National Convention... that the National per capita dues for the calendar year 1994 be fixed in the amount of $9.00....

"Wj HAT IS the essence of mm Resolution 33, adopted H H by tne NEC on May 5 " 6, BUD GET CRUNCH mam mm 1993. Either member- GROWTH OF EXPENSES H mm sni P dues increase by $3.50 in January 1994, EXPENSES 1983 1992 PERCENTAGE

Hi HN or we start cutting All Postage $1,635,838 $6,983,394 +327% mm H national programs to Non-ALM Printing $219,146 $1,620,458 +639% KffljjMffllBE make ends meet. No organization wants to cut programs ALM Expenses $6,870,000 $14,440,000 + 110% and no organization wants to raise TFA Grants $63,990 $303,269 +374% dues, but spiraling expenses make it Mbshp Renewal $433,425 $1,109,118 + 156% imperative that we do one or the other. To be perfectly frank, our accoun- AL Baseball $698,926 $845,497 +39% tants tell us we could get through the AL Oratorical $185,984 $251,809 +35% current crunch with a lesser increase. AL Boys Nation $100,135 $122,609 +22% We could get by with as little as $2.50, but another hike would be necessary in Utilities $125,112 $199,705 +60% a couple years, and there are few things All Expenses $21,907,929 $43,842,876 +100% more damaging to membership stability and growth than frequent dues increas- es. The strength of our organization is ed to meet our needs for six years. American Legion increased 100 per- directly dependent on the size of our Prudent management, wise invest- cent, from $21.9 million to $43.8 mil-

membership when it comes to wielding ments and innovative revenue-produc- lion. This resulted in a budget deficit of clout on Capitol Hill. ing programs stretched that six years $1.4 million in 1992, and a projected The NEC, after much debate, set- into 12. But you can only stretch a deficit of nearly $3 million this year. tled on $3.50 because it provides fixed income so far. More than a So, how did we make ends meet for enough income to make another dues decade of compounded inflation and so long? increase unlikely for at least eight spiraling costs have taken its toll on First and foremost, the reason is years, based on current economic con- cash flow. based on an attitude: we are but stew- ditions and expense projections. Between 1983 (the first full year of ards entrusted with managing your Many of you may recall the $2 revenue from the 1981 dues increase) organization. The resolutions you pass dues increase in 1981 that was project- and 1992, the cost of operating The give us our marching orders. Our

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION agenda is your agenda. We administer expenses that can be controlled by no program nor pursue any policy that effective management, inflationary

is contrary to what you have directed. impacts such as the cost of paper,

And, while I think we have one of the printing, postage, utilities, office sup- best management teams in the world, plies and technology have exacted a we do not pay excessive salaries to our devasting financial toll. executives, and they don't receive Annual postage alone has increased expensive perks. more than $5 million since the last Our financial operations can bear dues increase. Forty-one cents out of the scrutiny of the most demanding each dues dollar is now paid for critic, and I'd match our management postage compared to just $.11 of each team's business decisions with those dues dollar in 1981. Still, postage is of any corporation in America. More- one of our most important expendi- over, the size of the national staff is tures because our success is dependent

virtually the same as it was 12 years on our ability to communicate with ago, and 300 fewer than it was 30 individual Legionnaires. years ago. Your National Headquar- Without the ability to inform our ters is what I'd call a "lean and mean" members that their services are need- operation. ed, our volunteer activities would Yet, management integrity and wither and our programs would soon staff dedication don't tell the whole die. I'm not trying to pin the reason

story. Certainly good management and Nat' I Cmdr. Roger A. Munson for a dues increase on the Postal Ser- smart business decisions helped keep vice — they do an excellent job — but the ledgers balanced for so long. But the fact still remains that postal costs so did a membership base that grew have risen 327 percent in just nine from 2.5 million in 1983 to more than years. 3.1 million today. Equally important, VVE administer Even though the cost of doing busi- income from revenue sources other no program ness has doubled overall — and every than dues has grown significantly area of operations has contributed to since 1983. nor pursue any that increase — your dues dollars have For example, compared to 1983, policy contrary made a positive impact on America. Emblem Sales income is up $1.7 mil- Virtually every American Legion pro- lion (38 percent). AMERICAN LEGION to what you gram has grown and prospered during magazine advertising income is up the past decade. Your American $4.1 million (135 percent). "Other have directed. Legion has become "the world's sources," which include MBNA •••••••••••••••••••a largest and fastest growing veterans' America Visa/MasterCard card organization" because we have gotten income (which is shared with the subscription to the Legion magazine.) the job done for America's veterans Departments) and fund-raising rev- Money spent on Temporary Financial and their families. enues, are up $7.5 million (185 per- Assistance to aid the children of needy When the 1981 dues increase was cent). Total revenues, including dues veterans has grown from $64,000 in adopted by the National Convention, income, have grown from $25.9 mil- 1983 to more than $300,000 today. National Commander Michael Kogutek lion in 1983, to $42.1 million in 1992 Other examples of increased ex- promised "continued excellence" and — up 62 percent. penses include: Membership Services, an "effective, strong, vibrant American

But the growth in income, impres- up 156 percent; Boys Nation, up 22 Legion." I believe our record for the sive as it is, has failed to keep pace percent; National High School Orator- past 12 years speaks eloquently of with the extraordinary growth in cer- ical Contest, up 35 percent; American growth, innovation and commitment to tain key areas of expense. Legion Baseball, up 39 percent. the ideals on which the Legion was Postage, for example, cost $1.8 While we've held the line on those Please turn to page 60 million in 1983; today it stands at nearly $7 million and is expected to top $8 million by the end of the year. R EVEN U E Printing expenses for such things as G ROWTH OF INCOME dues notices and membership cards cost in $219,000 1983; today it's $1.6 INCOME 1983 1992 PERCENTAGE million. The cost of paper, printing Emblem Sales and postage for producing THE $4,522,830 $6,284,295 +38% AMERICAN LEGION magazine has ALM Advertising $3,046,671 $7,173,446 + 135% doubled in 10 years, raising the actual Membership Dues $14,304,558 $17,136,856 + 19% cost of production to $4.80 per mem- Other Sources $11,531,860 + 185% ber, while we each pay only $2.50 per $4,036,764 year. (Of each member's $5.50 per ALL INCOME $25,910,823 $42,126,457 +62% capita dues, $2.50 is allocated for a

AUGUST 1993 9 Big issues

SHOULD THE NAVY STOP BUILDING SEAWOLF ?

Sen. John McCain, (R-Arizona) Sen. Christopher J. Dodd (D-Connecticut)

As President Bush aptly One of the most difficult declared in his State of debates in Congress last the Union message on YES NO year centered on the pro- Jan. 28, 1992, "Communism died this posed termination of the Seawolf sub- year" and "America won the ." marine program. At issue was the arbi- It is apparent that we must cut the trary decision to close down a critical costly weapons systems that were industrial capability without carefully intended for a superpower conflict with assessing the long-term implications to the now-collapsed . These our national security infrastructure. That weapons include the B-2 , the small intercontinental decision was flawed for three important reasons. ballistic missile and the Seawolf . First, the issue of cost. In 1991, Congress had authorized The type of threat that could justify the Seawolf no and approved funding to build two Seawolf submarines. The longer exists, and there is no other nation in the world that first submarine is currently under construction, and half of is a potential adversary which justifies this level of expense the money to build the second has already been spent. Ter- and technology. minating the program would have meant paying almost $1 In fact, this expense is so great that this one single billion in contract fines and cancellation fees. weapons system consumes 25 percent of the entire ship- The message was clear — it would have cost the same building budget of the U.S. Navy. amount of taxpayer money to terminate the program as it

I understand and appreciate how important this particular would to simply complete the project. weapon system is to the people who work in the shipyard Second, our national strength is not based solely on the and companies building the SSN-21, and to the representa- number of weapons. Our true strength lies in our innova- tives of those people. But we are faced with a dramatically tion and dominance of technology and manufacturing tech- shrinking defense budget and, as the details of President niques. Terminating the Seawolf program would have Clinton's budget are revealed, we will see further reductions meant the immediate closing of nearly 200 suppliers and in defense spending beyond those already proposed. manufacturers who are the sole producers of critical com- There is no doubt that the Seawolf program must be ter- ponents for our nuclear Navy. Allowing those venders and minated, or we will be left without the resources necessary their valuable experience to simply "dry up and blow to meet our future defense needs. away" would have been reckless and a serious mistake for The men and women who manufacture this weapon sys- our industrial capacity and our national security. tem are outstanding people. I am not insensitive to the pain A single submarine is almost useless to the Navy with- they are caused by defense cuts of this nature. out at least one additional submarine to train and assist But we cannot maintain funding for these expensive with ongoing sea operations. Like our other high-tech weapons systems — no matter how rapid, sophisticated and forces, such as the stealth fighter and the B-2 bomber, the effective they may be — simply to protect jobs. Our Seawolf represents a "silver bullet" force package that can defense industrial base must be guarded, and I have long do more, with less detection, than any other weapon sys- urged the Pentagon to ensure that our critical defense tech- tem in its class. nologies are protected as budget cuts occur. Our nation has an obligation to provide the best possible The administration's plan to eliminate these weapons defense for the lowest possible cost to the taxpayer. In the should be supported, and programs to aid workers displaced final analysis, the Seawolf submarine program clearly pro- by these actions should be strengthened. Unquestionably, we vides that defense while using the very latest in stealth tech- have an obligation to meet the retraining and transitional nology. Our men and women in uniform depend on that tech- needs of the people who built the weapons that ensured our nology, and the American taxpayers deserves a reasonable Cold War victory. return on their investment. At the same time, that YOUR OPINIONS COUNT, TOO The Seawolf program victory will not be complete delivers that return while Senators and congressmen are interested in constituent view- until we eliminate unneed- providing our nation with points. You may express your views by writing The Honorable the finest line of defense ed weapons and return to (name), U.S. Senate, Washington, DC 20510, or The Honorable the American taxpayer a (name), U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, DC 20515. for the next century and true peace dividend. beyond.

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION ,

Look through a warrior's eyes and see the hidden faces of nature a Bradford Exchange recommendation

Wrapped in buffalo skins, two Native American Indians lead a mare and her colt across a snowy valley THE BRADFORD EXCHANGE to their winter campground, feeling the presence all around them of Sacred Dogs—their name for the first 9345 Milwaukee Avenue Please respond by: August 31, 1993 horses, gifts from the Great Spirit many moons ago. Niles, IL 60714-1393 I ] This majestic picture-within-a-picture by Western YES. Please enter my order for "Running with artist Julie Kramer Cole has now been re-created on the Wind." fine porcelain. And like exceptional collector's plates I understand I need SEND NO MONEY NOW. I will be that command hundreds of dollars on the plate mar- billed $29.50* when my plate is shipped. ket, "Running with the it Wind" appears to have what Limit: one plate per order. takes to go up in value once the edition closes. Some exceptional plates appreciate in value; some Signature Telephone plates go down, and many remain at or near issue price. Mr. Mrs. Ms. But the edition of "Running with the Wind" is strictly Name (Please Print Clearly) limited to a maximum of 95 firing days, and demand is expected to be strong. So if you wish to obtain this plate at the $29.50 issue price, the time to act is now. To order your plate—fully backed by our unconditional City State Zip 365-day guarantee— send no money now, simply •Plus a total of $3.49 postage and handling, and sales tax where applicable Pending credit approval. The plate price in Canada is $39.50. 6831-E'' i complete and mail the coupon at right. ©1993 bge hnb 402s j J Fallout Over Gays 1990 to only $112 million under the The bruising battle over homosexu- Clinton plan by 1998, and that the cuts als in the military has produced some were ordered even before the adminis- tration had an attorney general in winners and losers. A big winner is place Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Merrill who could review the implications of McPeak, whose support for a compro- this policy shift. mise pleasing to the administration led The prospect of dwindling prison is apparently some to think he has his sights set on space driving another controversial the job of Joint Chiefs chairman after administration proposal: Army Gen. Colin Powell leaves the to review and revise mandatory mini- for post this fall. mum sentences drug offenders. Also, The Marines and the Army resisted the administration soon is expected to any compromise, while the Navy, dam- announce crime legislation aged by Tailhook, was said by one that includes the Brady bill require- of observer to be "running scared." The ment a six-day waiting period for Navy Chief of Chaplains, Rear Adm. handgun purchases. David E. White, caused concern by The administration budget propos- als not reflect sending a letter advising Navy chap- do Clinton's promise to for the hiring lains to raise the issue of gays in the pay of another 100,000 police officers military "above emotion to a higher nationwide. The admin- level" and suggesting one option for istration is expected to request funds for more police, but Congress would those opposed to a change in policy was r have to find the money. to resign. The letter was interpreted by some chaplains as a "religious gag ATCH order" designed to silence them into not Military Strength preaching against homosexuality. By CliffKincaid Massive defense cuts are hitting the A big loser is Navy Lt. David Army hard. And Army veterans, led Quint, an outspoken opponent of lift- are working on an elaborate campaign by retired Major General Henry Mohr, ing the gay ban who was "gagged" in to sell the Clinton plan as guaranteeing former Chief of the U.S. Army Re- the Navy public affairs office and family security through government- serve, are sounding the alarm. They transferred to the Bureau of Naval Per- funded insurance. say the latest figures show that U.S. sonnel. Quint told THE AMERICAN Opposing them is a coalition of active Army strength is now sixth LEGION magazine that the experience conservative groups called Citizens largest in the world and headed down left him sour and he will probably Against Rationing Health. It's hitting to seventh place. According to Mohr's leave the service. the mails with almost 20 million letters figures, the Army is now at 674,800, claiming the plan's emphasis on fixed will be reduced to 520,000 by 1995, Health-Care Battles health-care budgets to control costs and even lower after that. will force limits That puts the behind Don't expect Republicans on Capi- on services and patient rights. , Russia, , North , tol Hill to unite against the Clinton One sleeper issue in the debate is and just ahead of Pakistan. health-care plan like they did against the President's economic stimulus whether the administration's plan will cover nine million federal employees package. They are too divided. Out of Orbit and retirees, including White House For example, Sen. John Chafee, the Expect a new twist in the battle employees and all members of Con- Republican point man on health issues, over space station Freedom and the gress. Public employee unions are is working with senators such as John superconducting supercollider. Pro- resisting any changes in their lucrative Danforth and David Durenberger on a defense members of Congress, led by Federal Employees Health Benefits variation of the administration's man- Sen. John Warner, will argue Program. aged-care idea, which forces patients that the two projects should be can- The federal plan allows workers to to use Health Maintenance Organiza- celed so the money can be transferred choose among dozens of health-care tions (HMOs). to the defense budget. insurers and providers. But Sen. Phil Gramm, who is run- Some pro-defense advocates want ning for President in 1996, thinks the to cancel both projects outright and put Chafee approach is too liberal. He's Punishment and Crime the money back into strategic and working on a consumer-choice plan, The administration is taking heat space-based anti-missile defenses. whereby people continue to choose over its massive cuts in federal prison Defense Secretary Les Aspin in their own doctors and services. construction from a new group, the May announced "the end of the 'Star Meanwhile, the administration and First Freedom Coalition, led by former Wars' era" and the administration the Democratic National Committee Bush Attorney General William Barr dropped the word "strategic" from the and his deputy, Paul McNulty. title of the Strategic Defense Initiative Washington-based Cliff Kinc aid They note that federal spending on (SDI) program. The administration has writes for Human Events and other prisons is scheduled to decline from proposed eliminating the space-based publications. $1.3 billion under President Bush in aspects of SDI.

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION . .

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"We picked up over 150 on our little escort, the USS John C. But- ler. As they lay there in the water, their oil-soaked eyes shut and mouths open OF WORLD WAR II as if to say, T did my best,' we took their dog tags and said goodbye, buddy, and God bless." Phyllis T. (Santaglo) Galeaz of Lynn, Mass., a Army nurse who served in a evacuation hospital, vividly recalls a 1943 bombing raid. "The sky was filled with white air- craft bearing the Japanese insignia. Bombs began dropping like rain. "I immediately thought of the patients in the hospital tents on the hill.

I ran in that direction, intending to reas- sure them, only to discover that they, too, were watching the attack and wor- rying about the nursing staff." Voices has excerpts from Massachu- setts Legionnaire John W. Butler's diary of the air war in and poignant memories of that long-awaited day when the guys and gals in uniform finally came home. James R. Warnke of Boynton Beach,

Fla., remembers it well: "After days of being storm-tossed in the North Sea, the radios finally picked up American stations. As we heard

WWII I ES-Hundreds of tell in MEMOR Legionnaires their stories the new book, commercials — Ipana Toothpaste, Voices: Letters from World War II. Unforgettable tales of service and sacrifice Fleer's Gum, Lucky Strikes — the from those who were there, and their families, are published in the book's 400- plus pages. years overseas faded away as we real- ized that we were close to home-. "The next morning we went on deck OR HALF of the 3.1 mil- gotten memories of World War II. as we entered New York harbor. There lion members of The Many of Voices' photos have never She was, the Statue of Liberty. The men American Legion, World been published before. silently leaned on the ship's rail. All of War II was "their" war, All branches of the service and vir- us had lumps in our throats and there and THE AMERICAN tually every theater of war is covered, were a few tears. If we hadn't thought

LEGION magazine hon- from the horrible losses in the Hurtgen about it too much before, we all real- ored their service and Forest in Germany to the hilarious yarn ized while gazing on Her beauty how

sacrifice in our World of the exploding Pacific latrine, from much it means to be an American." War II Commemorative the shocking attack on to To all who served, to those who Issue (September 1991). the victorious return of GIs in 1945. waited at home, and to those who didn't Yet, as special as that issue was, some- For example, Leo C. Gavitt of Sheri- come home, this book is dedicated. thing even more grand came from it — dan, Mich., a sailor during the more than 1,800 letters by Legionnaires landing in the Pacific, tells a haunting Those who purchase Voices: Let- and other readers who provided their tale of combat at sea: ters From World War II directly unique memories of those war years. "Our was attacked in a from the publisher will have their The best of those letters — more battle off by a Japanese fleet of names imprinted on the leatherette cover in gold foil. Those whose let- than 1 ,000 of them — now have been four , nine and 14 ters are included in the book also will published in a full-length book, Voices: . receive a personalized certificate Letters From World War II. Its 400- "With two of our aircraft carriers, acknowledging their contributions. plus pages are filled with intimate and two destroyers and one To order your copy of Voices. send a check or money order for riveting accounts — never before told sunk, hundreds of 19-, 20- and 21 -year- $29.95 to Premium Press, P.O. Box — of ordinary people caught up in old American lads were in the water 159015, Nashville, TN 37215. Allow extraordinary times. gulping oil and dying. They hadn't yet six to eight weeks for delivery. Voices promises to unlock long-for- learned what life was all about. As we

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION God Bless America!

Where ©1993 Winston Roland Limited

Please Reply Promptly Eagles Soar The Danbury Mint ABP 14 47 Richards Avenue by Rudi Reichardt P.O. Box 4900 Limit: two plates Norwalk, CT 06857 per collector A numbered limited-edition Please accept my reservation for "Where Eagles Soar." Reserve or plate(s) at $26.95 each (plus collector plate trimmed in 23kt gold A Limited Edition (1 2) $2.95 shipping and handling — total $29.90*).

Painted in a rainbow of soft pastel The edition size of "Where Eagles Check My check or money order is enclosed. hues, the Grand Canyon's vast expanse is Soar" is limited to a maximum of 75 firing One: Charge my credit card upon shipment: an awesome display of nature's power and days, and each numbered plate will be VISA Discover glory. Against this heavenly backdrop of accompanied by a personalized Certificate MasterCard Am. Ex. towering purple sandstone cliffs and deep of Authenticity. As a finishing touch, each canyon gorges, a great bald eagle soars in plate will be trimmed with a band of 23kt Credit Card No. Exp.l the sky. fitting that one of our most gold, and the price is just $26.95! How Signature: precious national treasures is also home to Obligation-No the majestic bald eagle - our national symbol. No Risk Name:

Now, in a glorious tribute to America, You can acquire "Where Eagles Soar" Address:. award-winning artist Rudi Reichardt cap- with our Guarantee ofSatisfaction. If you tures the magnificence of the Grand Canyon are not delighted with your plate, simply City: on a fine porcelain collector plate. Renown- return it within 30 days of receipt for a replacement or refund. ed for his strikingly realistic portraits of State/Zip: nature, Reichardt's superb use of light and Reichardt's rich colors and vivid detail shadow recreates this beautiful scene with are truly inspirational. To avoid delay or dis- breathtaking drama and passion. appointment, mail your reservation today! Allow 4 to 8 weeks Un slnpmeni —

YOUR AMERICAN LEGION

America's Future Convenes

Learning how State programs are generally fash- ioned after each state's govern- government ment structure. Many Boys State works while programs include athletic compe- titions and other activities such as making friends is public speaking classes, newspa- per publishing, movies, singing, what the Legion's memorial ceremonies, talent Boys State shows and field trips to state capi- tals. program is In the Kentucky program, the top eight elected Boys State offi- all about. cers travel to Frankfort to meet their counterparts in the real state government. S THE most famous To qualify for Boys State, stu-

: graduate of The dents must have successfully American Legion's completed their junior year of Boys Nation pro- high school and have at least gram sat in the another semester of high school White House, 96 remaining. Only boys with out- high school juniors standing qualities of leadership, followed in his foot- character, scholarship and service steps in 1993 Boys to their schools are considered for Nation, July 23-31, in Washing- Boys State. ton, D.C. There are no repeat selections The youths, two from each to Boys State to ensure that as AMERICAN TRADITION For 58 years, young state (except Louisiana, which many young men as possible get men attending Boys State programs have has its own Boys Nation, and the opportunity to participate in the learned about patriotism and respect for the flag. , which does not partici- program. The selection process pate), are spending eight days varies from state to state, but gen- learning about the federal government ments by forming a mock state govern- erally it is conducted by high school by meeting government officials, tour- ment, making their own rules and hold- officials with the help of Legion Posts. ing federal agencies and studying the ing elections for positions such as gov- Costs for Boys State are paid by workings of the Presidency and Con- ernor and governor. Posts or by other civic and fraternal gress. "I always got A's in history and organizations. The boys earned the privilege of government, but in the few days I've Hayes Kennedy and Harold Card, visiting the nation's capital by being been here, I've learned a tremendous both educators and Legionnaires in selected from among 28,000 who amount," says Kentucky Boys Stater Illinois, created the first Boys State attended various Boys State programs Richard Alphin, 16, of Lexington. "I program 58 years ago to counter the throughout the country from May learned not only how government fascist-inspired Young Pioneer Camps through July. (The American Legion works, but how to run a meeting, and of the 1930s, where boys were taught Auxiliary runs similar programs called how to work with people who have that democracy was outmoded and Girls State and Girls Nation.) different opinions." should be replaced by fascism. American Legion Posts and their "I never knew government could be The Illinois Boys State was held at communities in the Department of this much fun," says another Boys the State Fairgrounds in Springfield in

Kentucky, for example, sponsored 260 Stater, Thomas Postlewait, 16, of June 1935, and it provided the youths boys to Boys State this year at More- Shepherdsville, Ky. with a better appreciation and under- head State University in the pic- Each Boys State program is run dif- standing of our form of government. turesque northeast Kentucky hills. ferently, but all promote patriotism and In 1946, Boys State was expanded During the seven-day session the teach how government works — from to include Boys Nation, offering stu- boys learn about local and state govern- the township to the state level. Boys Please turn to page 54

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION Are Your Feet AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL Killing You? ASSOCIATION

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©1992 Zapendar Labs, Inc. City State Zip. Sid American troops launch air raids, they soon learned that By Moody the weather was as much an enemy as fought the the Japanese. | »"U HE FRIGID, foggy were happy even to find jL. _J that weather, as much their targets in the constant fog, much H fishhook off like as the Japanese, less hit them. Groping homeward to Hj BH a refrigerated Florida Dutch Harbor or Kodiak, they some- |H HI Keys were about the to reclaim this times collided or had to circle while worst place on the planet bears were shooed off the runway. Sud- U.S. territory. to fight a war. den 90-mile-an-hour williwaws blew BHi H Nonetheless, in June down from -covered mountains wHI 1942 the Japanese, heady the Aleutians, so the Japanese could with a force that could flip a bomber. with victory after victory, landed on occupy Midway. The Americans The Aleutians were so remote, Attu at the end of the 1,000-mile didn't bite. The Battle of Midway was according to a popular gag at the time, island chain and on Kiska, 200 miles a disastrous defeat for the Japanese that "even Eleanor Roosevelt hasn't to the east. The Japanese plan was to fleet, but the Aleutian invasion was visited them." In the Aleutians, so attack Dutch Harbor, Alaska, in hopes unopposed. The only American force another tale goes, "there's a woman of luring the U.S. Pacific Fleet toward in the Aleutians was a team of 10 behind every tree" — which meant sailors manning a radio station on absolutely none — since there were no Sid Moody is a feature writer for Kiska. trees. the Associated Press in New York But the Americans hurriedly built Because the islands were at the end City. up their forces and as they began to Please turn to page 54

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION . CAPTURE THE SPIRIT Dynamic jewelry for today's man- in 24 kt gold and sterling silver.

He reaches for the top. Striving to be the best. Taking chances - and winning!

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Yes, send me The Golden Eagle Ring in 24 karat gold on Name. solid sterling silver. I need send no money now. Bill me PLEASE PRINT in five monthly installments of $25.* each, with the first payment due prior to shipment. A custom ring sizer will Address be sent before shipment to assure my correct fit. And my satisfaction is completely guaranteed. City State Zip *Plus $3.95 per ring for shipping and handling, and applicable sales tax. THE GOLDEN EAGLE RING The Coffee Conundrum

What do you t tons and plastic wrap leaking chemicals into our milk and do when the | | meat. Even the all-American experts say apple has been suspect. something In 1989, the Natural Re- sources Defense Council pre- you eat may dicted that 6,000 children not be sate? could someday get cancer from eating apples treated Don't empty with a ripening agent called your cupboards. Alar. For several weeks, Americans shunned apples the facts, Get until they got the truth — then sit back there was no danger. Apples and have are safe. Given the claims and another cup counter claims we read and of coffee. hear every day, what are health- and safety-conscious Americans to do? Experts offer several suggestions: • Be skeptical. Don't rush to any judgment. Get the facts. By Gary Turbak • Find out what most sci- entists think. The majority is usually (but not always) | T'S TOUGH being right. a responsible con- • Take action when you sumer. Just read believe it's justified. Don't today's newspaper purge the cupboards every or any magazine. time a new study comes out, They abound with but don't stick your head in such articles as super- the sand either. market chicken har- • Learn to separate the boring harmful bac- hazard from the outrage. teria. ..fruit and vegetables According to risk expert being sprayed with pesticides Peter Sandman, director of (broccoli alone may be treat- the environmental communi- ed with 50 different chemi- cation research program at cals). ..cattle growing up with Rutgers University, "Hazard pellets implanted under their is the technical part. Outrage skin to dispense hor- is the anger and frustration mones. ..hypodermic needles we feel when a risk is im- in cans of soda. ..paper car- posed on us by someone else—often unfairly." Gary Turbak, a Montana- For example, traces of based freelancer, writes on a chemicals in drinking water variety of topics for this mag- may constitute a small overall azine. His "Children of the health threat, but if those Nightmare" article appeared chemicals come from a large in our February 1992 issue. Please turn page

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION • 23K gold rim

• Limited to a total of 14 Shown smaller than actual firing days size of8 'A" diameter

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Now, master transportation artist, Ted Xaras, Ms./Mrs./Mr. captures the majestic beauty of this famous route in "Above the Canyon" from The Golden Age of Address American Railroads Plate Collection. City Presented on fine porcelain, each issue will be _ gilded with a rim of 23K gold, hand-numbered on State -Zip. its reverse and accompanied by a same-num- bered Certificate of Authenticity. an of As owner Telephone Each plate will feature ( ) a handsome "Above the Canyon," you will have the right, not backstamp that includes a special the obligation, to acquire subsequent issues. Our Signature illustration by Ted Xaras. 30 Day, 100% Satisfaction Guarantee assures you *Plus $2.96 shipping and handling. Shipments to Florida will order at no risk. be billed state sales tax. All orders must be signed and are subject to acceptance. So climb aboard for the ride of a lifetime. But don't delay, demand may be high for this impor- The Hamilton Collection tant limited-edition by Ted Xaras. Submit your 4810 Executive ParkCt., P.O.Box 44051, Jacksonville, FL 322314051

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maldehyde, sulfurous acid and other chemicals until someone became sick. The human guinea pigs were paid with a glass of whiskey and a cigar — if they survived. Today, without drinking a drop, scientists can identify 500 different compounds lurking in a glass of water. And they've discovered natural car- cinogens in everything from smoked fish to corn, to eggs. One of the newer dangers is the electromagnetic fields created by power lines, computers, clock radios and many other electrical appliances. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently reported a ''causal link" between these electrical fields and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer. One of the worst culprits is thought to be the electric blanket, which may bathe unsuspecting vic- SOUR GRAPES? FDA investigators show produce brokers how to detect tamper- tims in electromagnetism all night ing. A few years ago, someone put cyanide in two grapes. long.

Another newly discovered threat is and uncaring factory, water users may lesterol" didn't reside in most people's the metal in your mouth. The fillings become incensed. vocabularies, and not one person in plugging most folks' dental cavities "Reserve the right to get angry," he 500 had an inkling of the harm it are about half mercury, a substance says, "but keep separate the question could cause. Today, millions of Amer- long known for its toxicity. For some of how much you're actually being icans have altered their eating habits reason, no one considered dental mer- harmed." because of what they've learned. In cury harmful until recently. • Remain open to new information, fact, they are still learning about this Now, growing evidence indicates new data, new proof that a hazard waxy substance, its "good" versions that mercury vapors from fillings may truly exists. and its "bad." spawn a host of problems, including

A generation ago, the word "cho- But it isn't just our food we have to depression, anxiety, irregular heart- watch. Water from the tap sometimes beat, headaches and joint pain. The carries lead, gasoline or industrial American Dental Association denies chemicals. Insulation may contain that a problem exists, but plenty of asbestos. Airline passengers are bom- individual dentists and the Environ- barded with radiation. Cars get mental Dental Association are con- recalled because the brakes are bad. cerned about dental mercury. Radon gas spontaneously creeps from The list appears endless. Literally, the soil into our homes. almost nothing is totally safe. And that's a point worth pondering. "It's STUDY discovered that really rather unreasonable for people ONEmoney often carries infectious to expect life to be 100 percent safe," organisms, and another indicated says Robert Scheuplein of the FDA's that even showering might be danger- Center for Food Safety and Applied ous because of toxins in the water that Nutrition. "There is some risk in just become vaporized. about everything." "Our methods for detecting risk Consequently, people would be wise have become' infinitely more sensi- to weigh risks as objectively as possi- tive," says Frank Young, the former ble. Scheuplein says many consumers commissioner of the Food and Drug fret about traces of pesticides in their Administration (FDA). "We now can food while wolfing down a high-fat, measure, detect and describe problems low-fiber diet — a known killer. "Peo- we didn't recognize in the past." ple have a lot of trouble putting risk in Around 1900, the founder of the proper perspective," he says. FDA, Harvey Wiley, identified harm- When perspective gets lost, hyste- BAD APPLES? Although once sus- ful components in food by getting a ria may follow. pected of causing cancer in children, volunteer squad" to few years ago, someone put apples treated with Alar are safe. "poison consume A graduated amounts of borax, for- Please turn to page 61

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION . . J 1

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j Submarine engine I maker United Nuclear Corp. shut I down, leaving 1,200 I

workers jobless. S

the cold war will mean lost jobs, closed businesses, and economic hard- ship from Monterey, Calif., where Fort Ord's closing will eliminate 11 percent of the area's jobs, to Salis- bury, Md., where Grumman Corp. is shutting down an aircraft wiring plant and abolishing 500 of the best-paying jobs in eastern . Throughout Montville, there are THE PAIN Of PEACE homes for sale on every street, says Robert F. Bonito, United Nuclear's general manager for operations. Those Remember how America's steel and lucky enough to find a buyer often set- auto industries felt the crunch of the tle for a 30 percent loss on previous market gain. recession? Now it's defense's turn. The defense cuts hitting Montville and other communities across the country come just as the economy is With no Soviet navy to guard struggling to break out of a long reces- By William Matthews against, the U.S. Navy is retiring sion. Workers laid off from defense dozens of submarines. The submarine plants are finding few job opportuni- HE COLD War is over fleet that numbered 101 ballistic mis- ties elsewhere. and Montville, Conn., is sile and attack submarines this year will Through the 1980s, while the one of the losers. dwindle to 64 after the turn of the cen- defense industry was booming, the United Nuclear Corp. tury. Submarine production will drop rest of industrial America was restruc- shut down, throwing from three new ships a year to one. turing. The massive manufacturers of 1,200 skilled workers The engineers, machinists and the Rust Belt, which had filled the out of their jobs making welders at United Nuclear have nation with everything from autos to nuclear propulsion units become excess industrial capacity. TVs, were eliminating tens of thou- for submarines. What happened to Montville will sands of jobs. Now, in the 1990s, be happening to communities across giants such as Sears and IBM are mak- William Matthews covers national the nation as the defense industry ing similar cuts in size. security for the Army Times newspa- throttles back after the Cold War Into this uncertain world, go the pers. His article, "The Price of weapons-building binge that lasted for victors of the Cold War. United Peace, " appeared in the August 1992 four decades. Nuclear's workers have scattered

issue of this magazine. Call it the price of victory. Winning across the country — to the Midwest,

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION 1

SUDDEN IMPACT- Without notice, General Dynamics laid off 3,000

workers in Fort Worth, Texas.

the South, wherever they can find Connecticut and adjacent parts of Spending on military supplies — jobs. Most have gotten out of defense- Rhode Island and New York. These the kind of spending that creates civil- related work and most make less are subcontractors that build parts and ian jobs — dropped from $206 billion money than they did in the mid-1980s, components for the weapons the major in 1987 to $161 billion in 1992. And when the Cold War threat fueled the companies produce. cuts are expected to continue for at economy, Bonito says. In all, 40,000 of the region's jobs least five more years.

"Four years ago, I was paying sign- depend on defense spending, Glueck In 1987, 6.7 million Americans on bonuses" to attract engineers, he says. And defense spending is headed were employed in defense-related says. Today, there are several hundred steady downward. jobs. So far, defense budget cuts have unemployed engineers for every Nationwide, businesses are bracing eliminated more than 900,000 of their vacancy. To find jobs, some former for the crunch, from electronics com- jobs. As military spending continues United Nuclear workers have become panies and missile builders in Califor- to drop, another 1.8 million defense- nurses, truck drivers and chefs. He nia, Colorado and Utah to aircraft dependent jobs will disappear by says others are simply unemployed. manufacturers in Washington, Mis- 1997, according to the federal Bureau "Connecticut is not the place to souri and Kansas to shipbuilders in of Labor Statistics. be," says Bonito, who has worked for , Virginia and Mississippi. Please turn to page 62 United Nuclear Corp. for over a quar- ter of a century. "Did you know that Connecticut was the only state in the 1 country that lost population last year?" | * In his opinion, the cause was laid-off defense workers leaving the state in search of new jobs. Connecticut's economy is wrapped up in defense, from submarine builder Electric Boat, which employs 15,000 workers, to Textron-Lycoming, which makes gas turbine engines for M-l tanks, to Sikorsky, which makes helicopters, to Nor- ONE IN TEN- den, which builds . Closing 's

According to Ken Fort Ord will

Glueck, a legislative assis- eliminate about 1 tant to Sen. Joseph Lieber- percent of the man of Connecticut, the area's jobs. defense cutbacks also affect 1,150 smaller companies bunched into

AUGUST 1993 25 1

The services will all be lighter — there H ri will be fewer heavy tank units, fewer in )\ ft 1'iJ £ 0 i battle groups, fewer attack submarines, fewer bombers and fewer fighters. Troops will be more mobile, better able to pack up and move to a crisis in a hurry. Personnel from different ser- vices will be better trained to work with IS LEANER MEANER? each other. Army special operations helicopters, for example, will operate from Navy ships for some missions; the The new, smaller military should be quicker Marines will rely on the Army for heavy armor support; pilots for all of and more flexible. But experts wonder the services will be trained together. if it adds up to the best national defense. And all U.S. troops will be expected to work more often with foreign allies in international coalitions, as they did million before the war with Iraq to a in Iraq and Somalia. By William Matthews force of 1.4 million. The Army will There will be more high technology probably have nine active divisions weapons, fewer nuclear weapons, more Y 1999, after nine long compared to 14 today. The Air Force peacekeeping troops and better airlift years, the drawdown of will shed six of its 16 fighter wings. and sealift. More troops will be based the U.S. military should And the Navy will shrink from 440 in the United States, fewer overseas. be complete. ships with 14 aircraft carriers to 340 Increasingly, the military will be But what will the mili- ships with 12 carriers. expected to head off wars as well as 1 tary look like at the dawn Defense spending will drop from fight and win them. Part of the mili- p 1 of the next century? And $301.6 billion in 1990 to about $233 tary's job will be to help spread democ- what will its capabilities billion in 1997 under the Clinton plan. racy around the world, and to prevent be? Then, beginning in 1998, defense If the Clinton administration's cur- spending is projected to begin rising William Matthews covers national rent plan is followed, troop strength modestly again. security for the Army Times newspa- will be cut by at least a third, from 2. There will be other changes, too. pers.

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION the spread of weapons of mass destruc- likely to fight in the future, rather than tion. global war with the Soviet Union. LEGION URGES Some of these changes have been And it was Bush who began cutting underway for several years. It was the size of the military in 1991, elimi- STRONG DEFENSE President Bush in 1990 who identified nating Army divisions, retiring Air military strength regional conflicts like the Gulf War as Force wings, mothballing ships and AMERICA'S must not be weakened by the wars the United States was more cutting troop strength. massive and premature reductions His goal was to shrink the military while the world is still dangerous by 25 percent, leaving a 1.6 million- and unstable, The American member force that cost the nation about Legion has told the nation's lead- $270 billion a year. This was the "base ers repeatedly on Capitol Hill. force," a military Bush Cautioning against any quick planned to be strong reductions of U.S. forces, the enough to fight two wars Legion contends that America about the size of the Gulf would be better off to maintain War at the same time. larger forces than to repeat the Critics, including Les errors of previous cutbacks. In the Aspin who is now Secre- past century, the United States tary of Defense, said that has entered four wars unprepared the base force lacked strategic vision. It because of such drawdowns, ulti- was simply a smaller version of the mately paying a dear price in Cold War military, they said, not the blood and resources. reconfigured force needed for the post- The Legion also believes that Cold War era of regional conflict. those separated from the service As details of the Clinton plan and civilians who lose jobs be- unfold, other critics are weighing in. cause of defense cuts should be The most common complaint is that the given job training and placement. cutting is going too far. With a Clinton- To help such veterans, the sized military, they say, fighting two Legion has jointly sponsored a wars at the same time will be out of the job training program with the question. Please turn to page 48 "Nine active Army divisions would Please turn to page 48

AUGUST 1993 27 N T E R V I E W TED GAEBLER

BUREAUCRACY'S

Ifs time for a change. By making government more like business, money can be saved, jobs

kept and services still provided, says the author of Reinventing Government.

OVERNMENT is in trouble. From Wash- The trouble is, politicians don't know how to do it. Pub-

ington, D.C., to San Francisco, from Maine lic employees don't think they are empowered to do it. And to New Mexico, every level of government most citizens think government cannot be changed. My role HpJI is cutting staff, closing facilities and discon- is to tell people that we can change government, and nowa- tinuing programs because of money prob- days we are forced to do it — the public has cut off the I lems. spigot. In Los Angeles , officials are "'"^ drawing up doomsday scenarios that Q. Isn't this downturn temporary? involve 20,000 layoffs, closing most A Many people in government think it is "just the reces- libraries and hospitals, and even releasing 7,500 jail sion." The reality is that there has been a massive shift inmates early. Also short of funds in tiny Kalkasa, Mich., in terms of our appetite for and willingness to pay for gov- schools abruptly closed in March, 10 weeks before the ernment services.

scheduled last bell. In the United States , in 1932, at the beginning of the At the federal level, much the same is happening — with Roosevelt era, 20 percent of our Gross Domestic Product defense, entitlements and other onetime sacred cows facing went to governmental services. That marked the begin- big slashes. ning of the upward climb, and in 1976 we hit the high

Although there is legitimate cause for Americans to be water mark, 38 percent. Now it is down to 32 percent and concerned, there also are plenty of reasons for optimism, falling. according to Ted Gaebler, a former city manager who Today, people want to choose new roles for government. authored the book, Reinventing Government. I liken it to an erector set. We built government 60 years In this interview with THE AMERICAN LEGION maga- ago and now we don't like what we built. We could smash zine, Gaebler explains how governments can change to it with a hammer — or we can carefully dismantle it and meet the modern needs of the people. question, piece by piece, how we want to put it back together again. American Legion Magazine: Do we need govern- ment? Q. Don't systems resist change? A If you're holding four aces you don't ask for a new TED GAEBLER: Government is a universal condition for deal. But the realization is growing that there must be the last 10,000 years. No matter what period of history we change. Recently, the California fire chiefs invited me to look at, citizens have always formed themselves into some speak at a conference. The topic they assigned me? "Will form of governance to do collectively what they cannot do there be any public fire departments by the year 2000?" by themselves. They recognize their economic deficiencies — most are

In speeches, I ask audiences if they would like to have vastly over-priced — and cost-efficient private fire depart- no government. The answer is always negative. Then I ask ments are already performing superbly in cities such as if they want government to keep operating just the way it Scottsdale, Ariz. But the public fire departments are is. Always, the answer is "no, we want change." increasingly open to looking at ways to provide more cost-

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION " .

effective service. That message is getting heard throughout HIGHLIGHTS government.

Q. How do we reinvent government? A In the past, we've tried many ways. There are the Ted Gaebim Oto. . Grace Commissions, in which we bring business peo- ple in to take a look at government. These business guys Government workers: 'We want to bash will tell you there is no profit incentive to shape employee bureaucracies, not bureaucrats. behavior. are not the Then we've asked accounting firms to do studies. But Government employees they usually get put on shelves because studies often result problem. We have good people in reports that very logically recommend consolidating two trapped in bad systems. constableships in Upper Sandwich Township into one. However, the constables have held their jobs forever and Changing government: "There's one viable will fight this with a passion that logic will never match. way — empower the public employees. Thirdly, we've had politicians, like Ronald Reagan, who They know all the idiot ways they're now run as outsiders, promising to change government. They doing things." come and go and the bureaucracy remains little changed. But there is one viable way to change government — Government budgets: "There's a built-in empower the employees to do it. incentive to spend, never save, money." Public employees are masters of hiding in the system. Attack them frontally and you won't win, ever. Our idea is The public: "We need to retrain the public to entice them out of their bunkers by promising job securi- to do things for themselves. For 60 ty, then asking which systems they hate. Do that and, all of a sudden, they start laying on the table all the idiot ways years we've grown accustomed to they've been doing things and how to do their jobs better. government doing more for us. Now we I've seen it time and again. need to step up and do more for ourselves." Q. Are government employees the problem? Please turn to page 52

AUGUST 1993 29 TODAY'S NEW NUCLEAR MOI "ER

have already paid millions for sam- By Peter Schweizer ples. Customs officials have confiscat- Willing suppliers ed vials of the substance destined for ITH THE Cold countries as diverse as Ethiopia, North H War over, we can Korea and South Africa. I I i indeed breathe a feed nuclear-war In the fall of 1991, police in Bul- sigh of relief. An garia seized beer-bottle-sized flasks of f 1 I 1 I 1 all-out superpow- technolngies red mercury bearing Soviet military 1 flj er nuclear war is symbols. The shipment was bound for H mm no longer even a Syria. In April 1992, Ukrainian police Si M fll remote possibility. tn a dangerous announced they had arrested thieves But now we near the border trying to smuggle out face a different danger: a world with hydra of local 1 80 kilograms of red mercury — offi- more — not fewer — nuclear powers, cially described as "strategic material including nations run by tyrants and used to build nuclear weapons." regional aggressors. tyrants and In Poland late last year, 8 kilo- "The evil nuclear genie is out of the grams of red mercury were found in a bottle," warns Sven Kraemer, the for- regional Lada car belonging to four Russians. mer director of arms control at the They were purportedly going to sell it National Security Council. "No arms to the highest bidder in Switzerland. control regime or U.N. can provide aggressors. Some Western scientists see red any assurance whatsoever that nuclear mercury as snake oil, dreamed up by proliferation can be detected or clever smugglers out to make a quick stopped. And we have no protection buck. Frank Barnaby, a noted British whatsoever to prevent or defend There is great concern in many cir- nuclear weapons expert, once thought against possible blackmail or attack." cles about a mysterious new substance red mercury was a hoax, but is now a What worries experts like Kraemer called "red mercury" that was devel- firm believer. is the growing number of nuclear oped by the Soviet Army in the mid- "I now accept that it may be possi- weapons and technology available in 1980s and is now making its way into ble to construct a nuclear weapon with the world marketplace. Countries des- the world marketplace. this material," he says. "Statements by perate for a nuclear weapons capability officials that dismiss this possibility are willing to pay top dollar on the COMPOUND of mercury and either mean they are woefully ignorant black market to anyone willing to sell it. A antimony oxides, red mercury is a about red mercury or they are lying to Officials are worried not only about syrup-like substance that sells for cover up a grave threat to the world." technologies that can develop the $1.8 million a pint on the black mar- For their part, Russian security and bomb, but also are concerned about ket. It is supposed to dramatically sim- customs officials are eager to stop the countries that have the technologies to plify the refining process for plutoni- illegal export of red mercury. "The develop a nuclear force: ballistic-mis- um. Evgeny Korolev, a Russian black market in red mercury for sile components, detonation and tim- scientist from Ekterinburg where the nuclear weapons is a threat to all ing devices, and guidance systems. compound is manufactured, warns: countries, and Russia cannot stop it "With red mercury, Saddam Hussein alone," says Oleg Sadykov, president A media fellow at The Hoover Insti- can make a bomb the size of a of Promnecology, a Russian company tution on War, Revolution and Peace that could blow a ship out of the sea." that sells red mercury for non-military in California, Peter Schweizer wrote Whether Korolev is exaggerating or purposes. "The West needs to help," " "They're Stealing Our Secrets, in the not, there is no doubt that red mercury Sadykov says. January 1993 issue of this magazine. is a hot commodity among the world's Red mercury is but one of a cluster He is the author of the book, Friendly nuclear "wannabes." of high-tech products sought out by Spies. Hussein and Muammar Qaddafi countries who want to develop nuclear

THE AMERICAN LEGION NUCLEAR CLUB The Waiting List

HERE are the nuclear "wannabe" countries that worry the experts the most. ARGENTINA has long been seen as having a strong interest in devel- oping a nuclear weapons capability. The country has refused to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), saying that it is discriminatory. Buenos Aires is believed to have imported enriched urani- um from China in the early 1980s. BRAZIL appears even more anxious to acquire a nuclear weapons. Throughout the 1980s, the Brazilian military pursued an aggressive program to build nuclear weapons, as former Pres- ident Fernando Collor de Mello disclosed in 1990. Like Argentina, Brazil imported enriched urani- um from China in the early 1980s without International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards. In addition, Brazil has been pouring resources into the devel- Please turn to page 58

down, another seems to appear." And in January 1993, Pakistani Despite the Gulf War defeat and Over the past year, officials point to officials in Paris purchased plans for persistent U.N. inspections, a number of disturbing cases in devel- an advanced French breeder reactor Saddam Hussein and the Iraqi oping countries that concern them. from a former employee of the French military remain firmly committed In August 1992, tried Energy Agency. Breeder reactors are to obtaining nuclear weapons. to acquire several barrels of butyl com- designed to produce a maximum pound from German companies work- amount of plutonium, so necessary in ing through front companies. Butyl is any nuclear weapons program. weapons. High-technology machine used to bind explosive powders in If that weren't enough, there is also tools and turbines for nuclear breeder solid-rocket fuel. It would greatly sim- the problem posed by nuclear weapons reactors, for example, are popular with plify North Korea's efforts to develop experts from the former Soviet Union countries such as Iraq, North Korea a ballistic missile capability. who are offering their services to and which are interested in devel- In October 1992, Iran is believed to developing countries. oping a nuclear weapons program. have successfully purchased several Eight Russian nuclear weapons sci- CIA director James Woolsey noted dozen krytons off the black market. entists left Kiev for Libya in 1992, during a hearing last February before Krytons are nuclear timing devices according to The Times of London. the Senate Intelligence Committee, that precisely execute the detonation Several developing countries, includ- "We are facing a sophisticated hydra of an explosive on an atomic weapon ing Pakistan, Iraq, Iran, North Korea of suppliers. For everyone we shut so it will reach critical mass. Please turn to page 58

AUGUST 1993 31 taw Step

§1

Imaginative stunts like that keep the Queens, New York, private inves- Business is booming for private investigators. tigator busy, but he is by no means the They handle the cases the police don't have only PI whose job load is hectic. "A lot of the public think we went into time for, nor the manpower to pursue. extinction with the advent of no-fault divorce. Nothing could be further from the truth," says Ron Farmer, a vice president at West Coast Detec- The insurer had doubts and called tives in North Hollywood, Calif. By Robert McGarvey in Blye to investigate. After tailing the Nationwide, an estimated 40,000 man to a picnic in a park, Blye Pis are at work. California and New E SHOULD never have retrieved a football from his car trunk. York each have about 6,000 licensed caught the football," pri- Then he and an associate started toss- private investigators. Why so many?

vate investigator Irwin ing it around. Soon, the football land- "We handle the cases the police don't Blye says, with a tri- ed near the doctor and Blye exhorted have the time or manpower to pursue,"

umphant grin. Blye was him to toss it back. says Farmer. That's an ever-expanding referring to a doctor who "You should have seen his pass — volume, as police departments grapple claimed massive injuries a bullet," says Blye, who hurled the with soaring violent crime coupled

from a car accident and ball back. When the doctor caught it, with tightening budgets. "Police usual- wanted an equally mas- "he put on a great show, dodging ly welcome our assistance," adds sive settlement. imaginary ladders and running for a Farmer, himself a former cop from touchdown," Blye says. Glendale, Calif. "We take a load off Robert McGarvey is a frequent Bad news for the doc, though — them." contributor to this magazine. The one of Blye's crew caught his slick So just what does the new-breed PI , Calif., freelance writer moves on videotape. "Let's say he set- do? "There is no typical day — but authored "Downshifting Travel tled for a heckuva lot less than he what does' come up can definitely get Stress " in the June issue. originally demanded," Blye says. your adrenaline going," says Houston

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION PI Ed Pankau, president of Intertect, Inc. Pankau tells about the time U.S. troops invaded in 1990, while he was in the country pursuing an insurance investigation. In the confu- sion, the former Green Beret says he darted into a Panamanian government building and walked off with comput- er printouts showing some $800 mil- lion in assets tucked away in 18 coun- tries by Gen. Manuel Noriega. "Noriega claims to be a pauper," Pankau snorts. "We've fought that in court and, working with the Panaman- ian government, we've frozen over $40 million of his holdings. Pankau is also on the prowl for cash plundered from this nation's failed savings and loans. He acknowledges that a hefty slice of the S&L cash has been blown on high living, but he believes "an awful lot of that money still exists, hidden offshore, and we are going to find it."

PANKAU isn't the only PI busy tracking assets that vanished dur- ing the topsy-turvy '80s. Private investigator Gil Lewis says a bank recently hired him to find $11 million it had lent to a financier. The borrower told the bank, tough luck, he'd lost it all, "but the bank was skeptical," says Lewis. Lewis had the man followed wher- Are You Private Eye Material? ever he went. "Sooner or later they always make a mistake — our job is to patiently wait for it," Lewis says. The ARE YOU the type of person major cities typically command $50 hours of surveillance paid off. One of who could become a private an hour, with full-time operatives Lewis' operatives tailed the financier investigator? You probably are earning up to $50,000 annually. To across the state line to a Rhode Island because private eyes come in all win that income, the chief prerequi- bank and a safe deposit box stuffed shapes, sizes and walks of life. site is "knowing how to talk with with cash. "My client, the bank, stands "Two of our recent grads were people," says Ron Farmer, a Glen- to recover millions of its dollars," dentists who retired after making dale, Calif., cop turned vice presi- Lewis says. fortunes pulling teeth," says Milo dent of West Coast Detectives in Exciting as asset hunts are, they are Speriglio, a Los Angeles PI who North Hollywood. but a few of many specialties pursued doubles as head of the Nick Harris "Unlike a police officer, you by contemporary Pis. Among them Detective Academy, the nation's have to convince people to help are: oldest private investigator school. you," says Farmer. "You have to be Child finding. Divorces sometimes "We get lots of retirees. And about a bit of a psychologist. You may bitter battles over child cus- 40 percent of our Pis are women." talk to a ghetto resident and a bank tody, and the parent who loses some- Hard-boiled stereotypes aside, president in the same hour, and you times will ignore the law and snatch women Pis may even have an edge, need to be able to earn their respect the kids. Private eyes commonly are says Gara Gorgone, a Pinkerton — equally — or they won't cooper- called in to hunt for the children. investigator in Manhattan who's ate with you." Adam Campbell of Chicago's Her- logged eight years in the business. You'll also need ingenuity, says itage Investigations tells about one "Who do men talk to? Confide in? PI Irwin Blye of Queens, New case in which his client's ex-wife had Women, of course. Often, it just York. Established Pis don't break custody of their two preteen girls. seems easier for me than a man to laws to gain what they need to When her boy friend got arrested for get the facts," she says. know, but they often need to let sexually molesting the girls, she sold As for pay, established Pis in Please turn to page 57 Please turn to page 56

AUGUST 1993 33 Veterans update

NEW CUTS TO HIT VETERANS' BENEFITS

HOUSANDS of veterans one percentage point less than the for nonservice-connected conditions. and their survivors will actual inflation rate. • Increase the mortgage indemnity take hits to their pocket- The Senate's proposal would make fee charged GI home loan borrowers

books under a variety of permanent a law to have health insur- from 1 .75 percent to 2 percent. changes to the VA budget ers pay for service-connected veter- • Exclude step-children from Chap- currently being worked out by Con- ans' nonservice-connected treatment. ter 35 survivor education benefits. gress and the Department of Veterans It also raises the one-year contribution Only legally adopted or natural chil- Affairs (VA). GIs pay into the Montgomery GI Bill dren of the deceased veteran would be For FY 1994, the VA budget must from $1,200 to $1,644, an increase eligible for the benefits. However, be cut by $266 million. Through FY from $100 to $137 per month. children already enrolled under the 1998, VA must trim its budget a total Both House and Senate committees program would not be affected. of $2.6 billion by cutting costs and will meet to hammer out the differ- • Make it easier for VA to return increasing revenues. To do this, the ences. The provisions of both House defaulted home mortgages to lenders. House and Senate Veterans Affairs and Senate bills that are likely to • Continue to computer-match vet- committees have drawn up separate become law would: erans' financial statements with IRS plans. • Extend or make permanent the and Social Security records. The House wants health insurers to third-party reimbursement program for • Freeze the cost of living adjust- pay for veterans' service-connected VA treatment of nonservice-connected ment (COLA) for all veterans' sur- treatment at VA hospitals. The House veterans' conditions. vivors receiving Dependent Indemnity bill also reduces the cost of living • Extend the $2 copayment veterans Compensation (DIC) under the Old adjustment (COLA) for the GI Bill to pay for drugs received through the VA Law rules, prior to June 1, 1983.

Small Business Loans ning approval in the Veterans Affairs still must prove they were exposed to Committee and a "fair" chance of the gas and provide orders, dates, Veterans wishing to start their own receiving appropriations. times and unit names, often a nearly business may find the financial help impossible task because these tests they need through the proposed VA were secret and their records were Veterans Small Business Act of 1993, Mustard Gas Snag classified. currently working its way through World War II veterans who partici- Last year, when VA and the DoD Congress. pated in experimental tests of mustard declassified the tests, both agencies Under the bill, the Department of gas and Lewisite once again are find- launched a search for veterans who Affairs would guaran- Veterans (VA) ing new roadblocks in their long strug- might have been exposed. tee to percent of a loan with up 50 — gle to obtain VA disability compensa- Since then, two other groups of vet- a loan of for maximum $100,000 — tion. erans have been added to the list of land, equipment and other business The Department of Defense (DoD) those veterans who may have been expenses. concedes that thousands of World War exposed: GIs who were present when Vietnam-era and post-Vietnam vet- II veterans may have been exposed, a munitions ship loaded with mustard erans would be eligible for loans, and VA Secretary Jesse Brown has gas was bombed in Bari, , during which would be available for a five- told his staff to speed the claims of World War II; and merchant seamen year period beginning Oct. 1, 1993. these veterans. whose ships sank carrying mustard gas VA estimates the loan program will However, all claims must be munitions. create a million jobs and help cushion matched against military records, and According to American Legion the impact of the military downsizing. that is the current holdup. American Department Service Officers (DSOs), Money for the program would come Legion Department of Illinois Service few veterans have received disability from a 2-percent funding fee paid by Officer Tom Vasquez says the Army benefits for conditions linked to mus- the veteran and a 2-percent loan guar- has told him it is in the process of tard gas exposure. antee fee paid to VA by either the developing a computer data base to An Army spokesman said all the lender or the veteran at closing time. catalog all soldiers. services are researching military The veteran's fees may be added to The records search is currently archives to determine places and dates the loan amount. being done by hand and according to of mustard gas tests. Their findings According to congressional staff- an Army memo, is "a painstakingly were to be sent to the DoD no later ers, Congress is painfully aware that slow process." than July 15. the job market is soft for men and As a result, the brick wall mustard Veterans who think they may have women leaving the military and the gas victims have faced for years still been exposed should contact their bill has an "excellent" chance of win- stands in their way. These veterans Legion DSO.

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NONPROFIT POSTAL RATE RELIEF ORGED

THE NATIONAL Traveling to Washington Munson said. on Veterans' Affairs) LEGION Commander in May, a Legion delegation This past spring, the Selective Service. Strong- IN CONGRESS Roger A Mun- headed by Munson dis- Legion testified in Congress ly recommended the contin- son has urged key congres- cussed the impact of soaring on the following issues: uation of funding for the sional leaders to help The postal rates with: Senate Veterans' re-employ- Selective Service system. American Legion and other Majority Leader George ment rights. Supported (House Appropriations nonprofit groups cope with Mitchell of Maine; Senator clarification and expansion Subcommittee on VA, ever-increasing postal rates. Dennis DeConcini of Ari- of veterans' re-employment HUD and Independent zona, chairman of the Sen- rights. (Senate Committee Agencies) ate Appropriations Subcom- Senate Passes mittee on Treasury, Postal Service and General Gov- Lobbying Bill ernment; and Reps. Thomas ASENATE bill that J. Ridge of Pennsylvania would require lob- and Sanford Bishop of byists to register with Georgia, both members of the government and the House Post Office and disclose their activities Civil Service Committee. closely parallels Le- The National Comman- gion recommendations der told the lawmakers that to Congress. postal rates for THE AMERI- HIGH-LEVEL MEETING A Legion delegation to Washington The bill, S. 349, CAN LEGION magazine urges Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell, center, which places more alone have increased some to support an increase in nonprofit postal subsidies and controls on 2,300 percent since 1970 — congres- improve Gl Bill education benefits. From left, Daniel S. sional lobbyists, passed from $180,000 to $4.2 mil- Wheeler, Legion magazine publisher, National Commander the Senate in May. It lion in 1993. Roger A. Munson and National Adjutant Robert W. Spanogle. would require most To promote community professional lobbyists service, Congress annually to register with the subsidizes the postal costs FLAG RESOLUTION UPDATE U.S. government and for nonprofit organizations, file reports disclosing such as The American LASKA and states to ratify an amend- their activities every Legion. But the nation's Connecticut ment to the U.S. Constitu- six months. budget woes have prompted bring to 33 the tion. Although they are not For years, the Le- Congress to steadily reduce number of states binding on the federal gov- gion has pressed Con- the nonprofit postal subsi- that have adopt- ernment, memorializing gress for greater ac- dies in recent years. For ed memorializing resolutions resolutions traditionally countability of lobby- example, only $121 million to protect the U.S. Flag from have been effective in get- desecration. ists' activities. in nonprofit subsidies were ting Congress to act. In 1991, the Le- allocated for 1993, down The Legion is seeking If your state has not yet gion's National Foreign from $470 million in 1992. similar resolutions from all passed a resolution, write Relations Commission To make things worse, states to make it unani- or call your representa- completed a compre- the House Post Office and mous, but it takes only 38 tives. hensive study about the Civil Service Committee States that have memo- Idaho X Missouri X Pennsylvania X dangers posed by lob- voted during May's budget rializing resolutions are marked with an X. Illinois X Montana X Rhode Island X byists in reconciliation meetings to Washington, Alabama X Indiana X Nebraska South Carolina X particularly those repre- reduce nonprofit postal sub- Alaska X Iowa Nevada X South Dakota X senting foreign govern- sidies to $92 million for Arizona Kansas X New Hampshire X Tennessee X ments. The report, 1994. Arkansas X Kentucky New Jersey Texas X Assessing the Relative "The reduction in the California X Louisiana X New Mexico Utah X Influence of Foreign and postal subsidy means the Colorado X Maine X New York Vermont U.S. Lobbyists, called more money we spend on Connecticut X Maryland Virginia X for complete and accu- postage, the less money we Delaware X North Dakota X Washington rate disclosure of foreign have to support veterans, Florida X Michigan Ohio X West Virginia X agents' activities. their families and Ameri- Georgia X Minnesota Oklahoma Wisconsin X ca's children and youth," Hawaii Mississippi X Oregon Wyoming X

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION —

M-1 Costs Rise HE COST of TOP SCOUT ALSO IN LEGION FAMILY obtaining gov- SEVIN M. the award at the Spring ernment rifles lUde of Pul- Meeting in Indianapo- used by Legion jaski, Tenn., lis. Posts' color and has been a- Ude's father, George, honor guards has tripled in K I warded an is a member of Post 60 recent months to more than $8,000 scholarship for of Pulaski, Tenn., and $150 per rifle for shipping being selected as The Kevin's late paternal and handling. The ceremo- American Legion's 1993 grandfather was WWI nial rifles are loaned free to Scout of the Year. veteran George E. Ude, Posts by the government Ude, the son and grand- past commander of Post arsenal at Anniston, Ala. son of Legionnaires, was 28, Morenci, Ariz. Posts must pay shipping and among 36 nominees from The three runners-up handling fees. As recently Departments for the for the Legion's Scout as six months ago, a WWII- honor. Departments re- of the Year award were: era, .30-caliber M-1 Garand ceive hundreds of nomi- Harold R. Davis Jr. of rifle cost Posts about $50 nations for Scout of the West Columbia, S.C.; each in these fees. Year. The Departments Gregory E. Ruhl, Monk- Army officials blamed the forwarded their recom- ton, Md.; and Patrick J. increases on personnel and mendations to the Nation- Fischer, Eureka, S.D. KEVIN M. UDE budget cutbacks. They are al Americanism Commis- Each received a $2,000 Scout of the Year aware that many Posts can- sion, which announced scholarship. not afford the $150 price tag and are looking for ways to lower the price, if possible. As prescribed by the Legion's Manual of Cere- monies, Posts must send Invocation Before Pledge In New Meeting Order their requests for rifles and TO MORE precisely reflect the Legion's al Executive Committee passed Res. 24, blank ammunition to: Exec- creed, "For God and Country," the invo- which states meetings will begin in the fol- utive Director, The Ameri- cation has been moved ahead of the Pledge lowing order: Call to Order, Salute to Col- can Legion Washington of Allegiance in all Legion meetings. Dur- ors, Invocation, Pledge of Allegiance and Office, 1608 K St., Wash- ing the Spring Meeting in May, the Nation- the Preamble. ington, DC 20006.

VIDEO OPPOSES GAYS IN MILITARY

N A new video, Congress, not the President, DOOLITTLE DID \Our Military is responsible for making MUCH National Under Siege, the rules and regulations Commander Roger

I National Com- governing the military. A. Munson visits imander Roger "This video would be Gen. James H. A. Munson and other mili- appropriate for Legion Doolittle, the WWII tary experts speak out meetings or to give to local against lifting the ban on cable access channels," recipient, who led the 1942 bombing homosexuals in the U.S. Munson says. raid on . Armed Forces. Produced by For a copy of the video, Munson presented the Defense Readiness call (800) 360-3494 or Doolittle with a Foundation, the 35-minute write: The Defense Readi- personally inscribed video outlines the many ness Foundation, P.O. Box copy of The American Legion problems that will arise if 334, Wayzata, MN 55391. history book. the ban against homosexu- Single copies are $15, Doolittle is a Paid-Up als in the military is lifted. including shipping han- and For-Life member of In his video appearance, dling. Discounts are avail- Post 6, Kokomo, Ind. Munson explains that the able for quantity orders.

AUGUST 1993 37 Legion news

LEGIONNAIRES LEADERSHIP WORKSHOPS SCHEDULED FOR FALL INACTION ORE THAN 4,000 Legionnaires are expected to attend the 1993 National Leadership Workshops in September and October. Post 264 of Lake Forest,

This fall marks the 15th year the eight regional workshops have stimulated 111., donated gym equipment M membership growth and provided leadership training for Legionnaires, mem- to the kinesiotherapy depart- bers of the National Auxiliary and Sons of the American Legion. ment of the North Chicago Registration is in the morning of the first day of the workshop. This year's workshops VA Medical Center. will be at the following dates and locations: Legionnaire Harry H. Head from Post 7 of Huron,

I 1 SEPTEMBER 17-19 1 I OCTOBER 1-3 I I OCTOBER 8-10 1 OCTOBER 29-31 I S.D., received a 75-year

REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 4 REGION 5 membership cap pin and a Diamond Jubilee Member- Holiday Inn By The Bay Holiday Inn Camelot Hotel Holiday Inn North ship Card from South Dako- 88 Spring St. Hampton-Coliseum 424 W. Markham 3850 DePauw Blvd. ta Portland, ME 04101 1815W. Mercury Blvd. Little Rock, AR 72201 Indianapolis, IN 46268 Department Commander Hampton, VA 23666 Gordon Wahus. $89 Single or Double $54 Single or Double $62 Single or Double National Commander Reservation deadline: $60 Single or Double Reservation deadline: Reservation deadline: Aug. 16. Reservation deadline: Sept. 8 Oct. 8 Roger A. Munson presented

Sept. 1 Jack Copenhaver, a charter Call (800) 345-5050 Call (501)372-4371 Call (317) 872-9790 member of Post 49 of Tai- (out of state), or (800) Call (800) 842-9370 or wan, with a certifi- 345-5070 (in state). (804) 838-0200 REGION 8 REGION 7 ROC, cate honoring his 50 years Sheraton-Spokane Hotel Las Vegas Hilton Region 6 REGION 3 of continuous membership. N. 322 Spokane Falls 300 Paradise Road the Radisson Hotel Fargo Stouffer Riverview Plaza Court Las Vegas, NV 89109 During Memorial 201 Fifth St. N. Hotel Spokane, 99201 Day weekend, Post 65 of WA $72 Single or Double Fargo, ND 58102 64 Walter St. Whitewater, Kan., placed $70 Single or Double Reservation deadline: Mobile, AL 36602 than 300 flags in 17 $59 Single or Double Reservation deadline: Sept. 28 more Reservation deadline: $58 Single or Double Sept. 16 cemeteries in three counties. Call (800) 732-7117 Sept. 2 Reservation deadline: Post 1 of Seattle, Wash., Call (800) 848-9600 or Sept. 1 conducted a recognition ban- Call (701)232-7363 (509) 455-9600 Call (205) 438-4000 quet for 200 of the area's top grade-getting students. More than 600 students, parents and faculty attended. Dispatch To Publish Daily At Convention Albert Wohltmann, Post ELEGATES and news daily by reading The speakers and other events such 1682, New City, N.Y., was other members American Legion Dispatch. as the festival and parade. elected to his 29th term as of the Legion at The convention will mark The Dispatch is published the Post's sergeant-at-arms. the 1993 Nation- the third year the Dispatch has twice a month and has a circula- To ensure veterans re- HHHHHi al Convention in published a daily edition cover- tion of 22,000 that includes all ceive proper burials, Post Pittsburgh will get convention ing convention business, guest 58 Legion Departments. 147 of Madawaska, Maine, . — —, An annual sub- works with area Boy Scouts I Get the news and views of The American Legion in scription to the Dis- and other youths to form a THE DISPATCH patch is $15. 40-member firing squad. To receive the Post 271 of Batesville, The new biweekly publication of National Headquarters Dispatch regularly, Ind., celebrates the Legion's Legion Membership Card No.: fill out the subscrip- 75th anniversary by writing Annual subscription (22 issues) $15 tion form on this a series of articles about page. For more local veterans for the area's I want to pay for THE DISPA TCH by (check one): information, write: newspapers. check money order VISA MasterCard The Dispatch, The Post 2, Killarney, Coun- If charge, card no.: Expiration date: American Legion, ty Kerry and Post 3, Clare- P.O. Box 1055, morris, County May, Ire- Indianapolis, IN land, give members a taste 46206, or call Apt. No. of home at least two times a Robyn Black at year, with their Fourth of

City (317) 635-8411, July picnic, and Thanksgiv- ext. 349. ing Day dinner and dance.

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21 st Sig Serv Co WWI1 1 2679 22nd Ord. Serv. Bn. 10836 VETS Offers Finders/Seekers OUTFIT 22nd Serv Co./7797th Sig. Dpt., Secur. Police (Hanau, Ger.) 22592 REUNIONS 24th Inf. Div.: 21st Rgt., King Co. (1950/52) 20676 To Help Locate Old Buddies 24th Inf. Div., 34th Rgt., Co. D 12755 Reunion coordinators can enroll their 24th Inf. Div., 21st Rgt. (Korea, 1952/53) units in VETS by sending a self-addressed, 12795 stamped envelope to VETS, P.O. Box OOKING for and private registries. 25th Inf. Div.: 27th Rgt., G Co. "Wolfhounds 10088, Columbia, MO 65205-4000. Unit Assn." (WWII) 15321 • an old buddy Based on that one-time names may be published two times per 25th Inf. Div., 14th Rgt. (Korea 1950/53) year, upon request. or a long lost search, you will receive a 10601 25th Inf. Div. Assn. New Chptr. relative? Find- computer listing of the 23080 ers/Seekers names, addresses and phone Army 25th Inf. Div., 35 Rgt., Co. L (All Eras) 12469 26th AAA AW Bn, A Btry 1 1 1 1 may now be able to help numbers of people in the 27th AAA HQ Grp. (WWII) 12632 1st Arm'd Div., 6th Arm'd Inf. Bn. (WWII) you. Finders/Seekers is a United States who have the 27th Inf. Div. (WWII & Attach Units) 16534 12785 28th Inf. Div., 899th AAA AW Bn.(Sp) new locator service offered same name as the person 1st Battle Grp., 26th Rgt., B Co. (Ft. Riley (Korea) 16948 KS 1958/60) 12188 by VETS, the electronic you're seeking. 28th Inf. Div., 28th QM Co. 32871 IstEngr. (C) Bn. 20348 29th Inf. Div. Assn. 16230 • system that provides THE Finders/Seekers guar- 1st Signal Bn. 16109 29th Inf. Div. Assn. 15987 2nd A/B Ranger Inf. Co. 15481 AMERICAN LEGION maga- antees that you will get at 30th Inf. Div., 119th Rgt., G Co. 15610 Div. Assn. 15551 2nd Arm'd 31 st General Hospital (WWII) 1 1 1 31 zine with a monthly list of least one name that match- 2nd Arm'd Div., 195th AAA AW Bn. (WWII) 31st Inf. "Dixie" Div., 167th/124th Rgt. 16650 military reunions. es, or your money will be (WWII) 10606 2nd FAObsn. Bn. (WWII) 11536 31st Inf Div, 124/154th Inf Rgts. "Dixie Just send the person's fully refunded. 2nd Inf. Div., 38th Rgt., Co. B (WWII) 12467 Assn" Serv Co. WWII 15586 2nd Inf. Div., 15th FA Bn., Bty. A (WWII) name, former military unit Finders/Seekers, howev- 32nd Inf. Div., 32nd MP Pit. 16026 12704 32nd Inf. Div., 127th Rgt. Vets Assn. 16717 or any other information er, cannot guarantee that the 2nd Rgt. Officers Assn. 22327 32nd Inf. Div. Veterans Assn. 22197 3rd Arm'd FA Bn. (WWII) 15989 you have along with a $5.95 person you are seeking is on 33rd Inf. Div., Including All Support Grps. 3rd Arm'd Cav. Rgt. 21849 (WWI&WWII) 11150 check or money order to: the list. 3rd Arm'd Div., 29th AIB (Ft Knox 1955/56) 34th Inf. Div., 109th Engr. (C) Bn. (WWII) For common names such 12756 15685 3rd Div., 33rd 's Finders/Seekers Arm'd Tank Bn., Co A&B 35th Field Hospital 1 6324 as John Jones or Bill (Gelnhausen, Germany 1955/58) 12758 VETS Operating Center 35th Inf. Div. Assn. 15840 Brown, the home state or 3rd Cav. Grp., 3rd/43rd Recon. Sq.(3rd 36th Evac. Hospital (WWII/Vietnam) 16509 1809 Vandiver Dr. Army, 20th Corps WWII-Desert Storm) 36th FA Bn. Assn. 23061 other more specific infor- 20981 36th Inf. Div. National Assn. 16512 Columbia, MO 65202-1916 3rd Cav. Recon., Co. Y, Sq. M (1946) 12728 mation is required. There 37th Div., 147th Rgt., M Co. 15510 3rd Inf. Div (Hungnam Beachhead 37th Engr. Combat Bn 15874 Here's what you will get are so many Jones and Evacuation) 11059 37th Inf. Div., 148th Rgt., Anti-Tank Co. 3rd Inf. Div., 3rd Med. Bn., B (All others for your money: Browns nationwide that the Co. 15553 welcome) 20092 38th Field Hospital Assn. 15669 • A computer search to list would be just too long 3rd Inf. Div., 39th FA Bn. 22002 38th General Hospital (1943) 12043

3rd Inf. Div. Society 22974 - match the person you're to be useful. 40th Combat Engr. Assn. (WWII) 10402 4th Recon. Bn. (USFA) 10587 40th Engr. Co. (1955/57) 12635 seeking with more than 110 No requests by phone, 4th Replacement Dpt. (SWPTO WWII) 15622 40th Inf. Div., 160th Rgt., E Co. (WWII) million names from VETS please. Allow up to six 4th Trans. Co./152nd Maint. Det. - (Med. 10107 Helicopter) 16221 40th Inf. Div., 223rd Bn., M Co. (Korea) records, and various public weeks for a reply. 4th Trns. Cmd. Assn.: 1 1 th/71 st/1 25th/ 11191

159th Bns. (Saigon) 22052 40th Inf. Div.: 160th Rgt., A Co. 10427 5th Army Assn. (ETO-WWII) 1 1600 40th Inf. Div.: 160th Rgt., Mortar Co (H) 5th Field/Svc. Dpts. (, WWII) 12419 (Korea) 16411 5th Inf. Div., 46th FA Bn. 16020 40th Inf. Div.: 160th Rgt., C Co. (WWII) HOW TO USE VETS 6th Arm'd Div. Assn. 15414 14056 6th Inf. Div. Assn. 15343 40th Inf. Div., Veterans Assn 6th Inf. Div. 20565 14836 7th Base Post Office 1 1414 40th Inf. Div., 980th FA Bn., Co. C This month there are ators may still be able to 7th FA Assn. 10368 (1952/53) 12633

1 1,212 military reunions provide you with informa- 9th Arm'd Div , 2nd Tank Bn 1035 41st Aty. Rgt. Assn. 12773 9th Cav., 1st Air Cav.. 1st Sq., C Trp. Scouts 41st Inf. Div., 161st Inf. Rgt., G Co. 15642 listed on these pages. How- tion. Many units are (Phouc Vinh. Vietnam 1970) 14839 41st Inf. Div. Assn. 15766 ever, VETS has informa- enrolling daily in VETS. 9th Inf. Div., 9th Signal Co. 1 1248 42nd Inf. Div. "Rainbow", 242nd Comm.

9th Inf. Div , 39th Rgt., F Co. 10291 tion on more than 10,000 Operators are on call Rgt. 12782 10th Mountain Div., 605th FA Bn., Bty. A 43rd Inf. Div. Assn. 15700

other reunions. For infor- Monday through Friday (Pack) 12374 43rd Inf. Div., 172nd Rgt., E Co. 16398

10th Station Hospital (WWII) 15953 44th Engr. Bn. (Broken Heart, Korea) 1 1 171 mation on reunions for any from 1 p.m. to 9 p.m. 11th A/B Div. Assn. 50th Aniv. (1942/58) 44th Inf. Div.: 63rd Engr. (C) Bn., A Co. military unit or ship, call Eastern Daylight Saving 14244 11235

11th A/B Assn.: 11th Air Assault Div. 44th Inf. Div. Band (WWII) 15899 Time; from noon to 8 p.m. (Ft.Benning.GA 1 962/65) 1 1 770 44th Inf. Div., 114th Rgt. 16113 Arm'd Div., 55th Arm'd Inf. Bn., B Co. 737-VETS Central Daylight Saving 11th 44th Inf. Div. Band (WWII) 10750 (900) (ETO) 16310 44th Recon 20775 Time; from 11 a.m. to 7 Engrs. (WWII) 16436 (900) 737-8387 11th 45th Inf. Div. "Thunderbirds" 12753 p.m. Mountain Daylight 11th FA Bgd., HQ Bty. (Schofield Barracks, 46th Engr. Const. Bn. 10744 HI 1938/41) 16228 50th AAA AW Bn. (SP) 11902 If you know the VETS Saving Time; and from 10 11th Inf Rgt. Assn. 10331 50th Ord Ammun Co (Germany 1950/52) five-digit number as- a.m. to 6 p.m. Pacific 12th Arm'd Div. Assn. 16368 12678 13th Arm'd Div., 24th Tank Bn. (WWII) 51st General Hospital (PTO New Guinea, signed to the ship or unit, Daylight Saving Time. 15246 P.I. WWII) 16320 please give it to the opera- Phone calls cost $1.95 per 13th Arm'd Division Assn. (50th Aniv.) 10409 55th QM Rgt. (HM) Assn.: HQ,A,B,C,D, & F 13th FA Obsn. Bn. (WWII) 1 1020 Co s (WWII) 11997 tor. The number is printed minute, and the average 15th Major Port Transportation Corps 60TH General Hospital (WWII) 20062 immediately after the unit call takes two minutes or 16051 63rd AAA Bn., HQ Bty. 12742 15th/17th Cav. Recon. Grp. 10117 12511 in the magazine. If you less. Proceeds help sup- 63rd Rgt., Co. F 16th Arm'd FA Bn. 12744 65th Arm'd Field Arty. Bn. Assn. 28383 don't know the VETS port various veterans' and 16th Cav. Grp., 16th/19th Cav. Sqs. 10863 65th Field Hospital 21857 17th FA Assn. 13779 number or haven't seen children's programs and 66th Engr. Topo. Co. 1 1374 17th Sig. Oper. Bn. (WWII) 10395 66th MP Co (Ft Chaffee Ar 1963/65) 12706 the ship or unit listed in services sponsored by The 18thFABn./1stFABn. ASSN. 11158 66th Topo Engr. Co. (1951/54) 15724 19th Rgt. 12814 68th AAA Gun Bn. (Korea 1950/54) 16721 the magazine, VETS oper- American Legion. 20th Arm'd Div./412th/413th/414th FA Bns. Inf Bn., Btry. (WWII) 69th Div , 880th FA A 15371 Please turn page

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION ,

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Bty. Hvy 15332 197th AAA Bn , C 12378 556th Engr. Ponton Bn. 12741 ( to Japan) 14143 69th Inf. Div., 880th FA Bn., C Btry. 21881 203rd General Hospital -ETO 15705 558th AAA AW Bn. 50th Anniv. 16484 1884th Engr Avn Bn. WWII 22201 70th Inf. Div., 274th Rgt., G Co. 20129 204th FA Bn. (WWII) 10277 563rd SAW Bn. 20139 1903rd Eng. Avn. Bn. (1950/53 Korea)

70th Inf. Div. (TNG. Retired) 12784 204th Hospital Ship Nursing Staff (USS 564th AAA AW Bn, C Btry WWII 1 2685 11386 70th Tank Bn. Assn. (WWII) 15672 Arcadia) 12746 565th AAA AW Bn. (WWII) 10183 31 10th Signal Serv. Bn., B Co. 20885 70th Tnk. Bn. (H)/Armor Assn. 12702 205th Hospital Ship complement (USS 566th SAW Bn. 26004 3119th Signal Serv. Bn. (WWII) 10581 72nd Hvy. Tank (1951 Kapyong) 22343 Comfort) 10164 567th AAA AW Bn. 1 1000 3137th Sig. Motor Messenger Co. 12731 73rd AAA AW Bn (SP) 15368 206th Coastal Arty (AA) Rgt 20699 573rd SAW Bn. 26006 3187th Signal Serv. Bn. 10716 74th General Hospital (WWII) 16445 207th Engr. (C) Bn. 10762 574th/565th SAW Bns. 161 15 3255th Sig. Svc. Co. 12771 76th Cav. Recon. Trp. 15850 212th MP Co "Sentry Dogs" (Vietnam) 578th Amb. Co. (WWII) 22680 3361st TC Fueling Co. 12732 78th CA, C Btry. (WWII) 10250 12810 599th FA Bn. 22527 3405th Ord. MM Co. (formerly 67th Bn., A 78th Ord. Dpt. 16374 232nd Signal Ops. Co. 15946 601st F A. Bn. (Pk), A Btry. 15408 Co.) -(WWII) 15655

Inf. 79th Div , 312th FA Bn. 15969 233rd AAA S/L Bn., C Btry 15787 608th TD Bn. (WWII) 16681 3483rd Ord., MAM Co. (WWII) 16057 79th Inf. Div., 904th FA Bn. 16272 239th Engr.(C) Bn. 10986 609th Ord. Bn. 12107 3485th Ord. Co. 23005 79th/747th/777th MP Bns., LA MP SCU- 244TH FA Bn. (WWII) 20728 £12th & 613th FA Bns. (pk), "Mars Task 3486th Ord. MM 12740 1909 21875 246th Engr. Combat Bn. 15795 Force" (WWII) 16006 3621st QM Truck Co. (WWII) 10161 80th Inf. Div. Assn. (WWI, WWII) 12422 246th Engr. (C) Bn (WWII) 28397 615th Ord. Bn. 11182 3938TH Qm Gas Supply Co. 20253 81 ST FA Bn. 20664 249th Engr. (C) Bn (1943/45) 1 1242 617th OBAM Bn. 15822 4169th QM Dpt.. Supply Co. (WWII) 12750 81st Inf. Div., Arty. HQ & HQ 12470 252nd Engr. (C) Bn. 10639 623rd FABn., Bty B 12738 5307th Rgt., & Support Units (Merrill's 82nd A/B Div.: 508th Parachute Inf. Rgt. 255th FA Bn. (WWII) 16130 629th TD Bn., Co. A (WWII) 12764 Marauders Assn.) 15252 Assn(WWII) 16697 256th Signal Const. Co. 22557 635th TD Bn. 21873 7796th Sig Photo Co. (Germany, 1949/52) 82nd A/B Div., 325th Air Rgt., Co. K (Ft 257th FABn. (WWII) 15722 648th Topo. Engr. Grp. 20183 12707 Bragg 1949/53) 12794 257th Ord MM Co. 15970 654th Engr. TOPO Bn 16084 8204th American Graves Reg. Serv. Grp.

83rd Inf. Div. Assn. 16231 265th FA Bn , C Btry 11172 655th FA Bn., Bty. B (WWII) 12762 (S. Japan/Korea Post WWII) 12155 84th Inf. Div. "Railsplitter Soc" 15955 276th Engr. (C) Bn. (WWII) 10169 679th Engr. Topo. Co. 12730 All Coast Artillerymen (Overseas before

86th Engr. H P Bn. - (WWII) 10471 278th (C) Engr. Bn., Co. A 12801 690th FA Bn 28292 1946) 16415

86th Inf. Div , "Blackhawk Assn" 11019 278th Engr. (C) Bn., B Co. (WWII) 15945 692nd FA Bn., B Btry. & HQ 15303 ASA: 13th Field Sta Assn. 21852 86th Ord. Co. (1942/66) 16649 279th Ord./Maint. Co (AA, WWII) 14140 696th/697th Engr. P.D. Cos. 15933 ASA: 1st RRU, 509th HQ Grp. (Saigon)/

87th Arm'd FA Assn. 1 5684 281st Engr. (C) Bn. Assn. (WWII) 15218 707th Tank Bn. (WWII) 16702 104th Security Det. (Okinawa 1964/68)

87th Inf. Div. "Blackhawk", 311th Med Bn. 286th Engr.(C) Bn. (WWII) 10767 712th Tank Bn (WWII) 15590 11661 (ETOWWII) 12781 293rd Engr. (C) Bn., C Co. (WWII) 10234 713th Eng. Dep. Co. 28363 ASA: 8601st AAU Vint Hill Farms (1950's) 88th Engr. Hv. Pon. Bn. - (WWII) 15744 300th Arm'd FA Bn. (All Btry.) 15986 713th MP Bn. - (WWII) 10020 18160 88th Inf. Div. Assn. Inc. 15465 303rd Sig. Ops. Bn. (ETO, WWII) 12462 717th MP, Co D 12684 ASA: Field Station CHITOSE 10240 89th Chem. Mortar Bn 10691 304th Sig. Bn., Silk Mill Bldg. (Yokahama 722nd Railway Oper. Bn. 15837 CID Agents Assn. Inc. 10002 94th Med. Gas Treatment Bn. (WWII) 15292 (WWII -Nov 1946) 21870 724th Railroad Ops. Bn. (West) 12428 HHC, SACom (Munich, Germany 1960/63) 94th Signal Bn. Assn 10689 323rd Engineers Light Equipment 724th T.R.O.B. (Korea) 15568 12723

95th Inf. Div. Assn 16110 Co.(KOREA) 22971 726th Rail Ops. Bn. Assn. 20199 III Corps Sig. Bn. 15324 96th FA Bn. (Korea 1950/58) 16653 340th Engr. Rgt. (Alaska Military Highway) 729th Railway Oper. Bn. WWII 16242 LST-846 (Jenning Co.'s 64/67) 12763 97th Inf. Div., Arty., HQ Btry. 10725 WWII 10422 732nd Railway Oper Bn. Assn. - (WWII) NAF (1962/66) 12816 97th Inf. Div. Arty., 303rd, 365th, 389th, 340th Engr. Const. Bn. (Korea 1946/48) 15638 OCS Bty. G (Ft Sill 1966) 12694 922nd FA Bn (WWI & WWII) 16119 12815 735th Tank Bn 20202 OCS Class 2-65 (Ft Sill) 12698

, . 1 97th Inf Div , 387th Rgt 1st Bn., HQ Co 342nd Arm 'd FA Bn ( 1 942/46) 1 1 06 7361h. Medium Tank Bn (SP) WWII 10679 OCS Class 4-65 (Ft Sill) 12699 12710 351st Rgt., Tank Co. (TRUST Tankers 741st Tank Bn., Co. A (WWII) 16718 OCS Class 6-65 12700

99th Signal Bn 22603 Assn.) 20177 743rd Railway Oper. Bn , C Co 20840 OCS Class 8-65 (Ft Sill) 12701 100th General Hospital - (1943-45) 15875 358th AAA S/L Bn., A Btry. (WWII) 10259 745th Tank Bn. 10916 Outpost Harry Survivors Assn. (Korea

100th Inf Div., 397th Rgt , Service Co. 359th AAA S/L Bn. (WWII) 16287 746th FABn., Bty. B 12749 1953) 12791

15737 359th Engr. F Co. (WWII) 15925 747th MP Bn.Los Angles MP Org. 12804 QM R & D Field Evaluation Agency, 91 1 100th Inf. Div., 397th Rgt.. M Co. 14860 361st Inf. Assn. (WWII) 12290 749th Tank Bn. Assn. (California Chptr.) Tech Unit, Det 2. 1954/55 12672 104th Arm'd. Cav Rgt. Vets Assn 17259 390th Signal Avn. Co., SP (WWII) 15453 16161 US Medical Command Japan (All Units)

104th Engr. (C) Bn. 16576 397th AAA AW Bn. 1 5536 751 st Tank Bn. 10304 28416 104th Inf. Div.: "Timberwolves Natl Assn" 398th AAA Bn. (Korea) 15718 7561h FA Bn Assn. (WWII/Korea) 16132 USMA Prep. Sch. Cadre 1946-47(Stewart 14883 398th Eng. (ALL CO.) 22955 759th MP Bn. (Berlin 1945/53) 12396 Field) 12725

106th AAA AW Bn., D Btry (WWII) 30039 406th Engr Const Bn , A Co. 14137 759th Railway Operating Bn. 10784 V Corps, HQ Vets Assn. (WWII) 101 15

- 110th Inf. Regt , 28th Inf. Div , Co. A 435th AAA AW Bn. 17204 765th Trans Rlwy. S. Bn (Korea) 21880 WAC: Detachment, Base F, HQ Co. (APO

(Korea) 15533 441st Eng Depot Co (WWII) 28338 772nd FABn. 15847 322 New Guinea WWII) 1 01 86

1 1 1th AAA Gun Bn., D Btry. 16671 455th AAA AW Bn. (WWII) 15405 777th MP Bn Los Angles MP Org 12805 WAC: Detachment 1 (WWII) 18695

1 14th American Graves Reg. Serv. Grp. (N. 457th Amph. Truck Co. 16204 787th MP Bn. Assn. (WWII) 15618 Japan, Post WWII) 12156 463rd Ord Evac Co. 21307 793rd MP Bn. (1943-53)16118 115th FABn. 16562 464th Engr.Depot Co. 21051 795th AAA AW Bn. 10426

- Navy 1 1 6th AAA Gun Bn. (50th ANIV.) 1 221 465th AAA AW Bn. (SP) Assn 10616 800th MP Co. (Fort Jay, NY) 10819

1 19th Evac Hospital (ETO) WWII 22999 471st AAA AW Bn. 10071 802nd Engr. Assn. 15223

121st Inf. Rgt , L Co. 16614 472nd MP Co 15687 804th TD Bn. (WWII) 10701 1st Lt. Dept. (New London. CT 1948/50)

123rd Gen. Hospital 21861 473rd Inf Rgt . 435th Bn 10346 808th TD Bn. (WWII) 20264 17760

126th AAA Gun Bn., C Btry. (MOBILE) 475th Rgt , & Support Units "Merrill's 811th TD Bn. 10010 2nd & 4th Beach Bns. 18185 15923 Marauders Assn" 15239 814th Trns. Sq., Motor Pool Drivers 3rd NCB (WWII) 10711

1 29th AAA Gun Bn. (WWII) 1 5654 480th Engr. Maint. Co. (CBI) 20158 (Westover AFB, 1961/65) 12752 4-Stacker APD Veterans (Asiatic Fleet) 130th Station Hospital (ETO) 12667 482nd AAA AW Bn. (SP) Assn 10670 817th Eng. Avn. Bn. 22835 17756 132nd Gen. Hospital Assn 10460 491 st AAA AW Bn. 16248 819th TD Bn 15629 4th NCB (Spec) Assn. 12703 132nd Rgt. Assn. (WWII) 10296 494th AAA Bn (WWII) 15617 832nd Engr Avn Bn. 12291 5th (VAC) Amph. Corps Med. Bn 18054 134th AAA Gn Bn WWII 22910 495th AAA Bn., Bty. D 12439 845th Avn. Engr. Bn. (N Africa, Italy, 5th NCB (WWII) 18339

135th (C) Engr Bn 12643 500th AAA Bn. 12737 Corsica, S WWII) 1 1923 7th Beach Bn. 22351 7th Spec. 36th Spec. 22161 142nd General Hospital (WWII) 16684 501st Med. Collecting Corps, 62nd Bn , Co 864th Engr. Avn. Bn.fWWII) 15250 NCB & NCB

142nd Ord Base Auto Maint. Bn (WWII) B 10803 864th Ord.(H.A.M ) Co. (WWII) 10791 8 Ball 12501 16466 501st QM Car Co Camp Bowie Tx July- 873rd Engr Avn Bn. (WWII) 14042 8th NCB 18381 ( 145th FA Bn.(WWII) 16151 August 1942) 12770 878th Ord. HAM Co. (WWII) 16574 9th NCB Spec (WWII) 10853 148th Engr. Combat Bn. (WWII) 1551 501st Trans., Harbor Craft (Korea) 12808 893rd Signal Co., Depot Aviation 15965 9th NCB (WWII) 18568

148th FABn (WWII) 15361 503rd Port Bn., 275th Port Co. 15956 893rd Tank Destroyer Bn 16300 10th NCB Spec : 2nd Sec. "Stevedores" 150th FA 16021 503rd Trans Co. (Heidelburg, Germany 899th TD Bn. 11085 10140 158th RCT, "Bushmasters Assn" & Attchd. 1965/67) 12807 922nd Engr. Avn. Rgt. 16556 11th NCB Spec. 17555 Units 15623 504th MP Bn., Co A (1967/68) 12765 965th FA Bn. 23066 15th NCB 18016 159th Engr (C) Bn (WWII) 10330 506th AAA Gun Bn 16299 976th FA Bn. 28420 26th NCB 10443

160th Rgt Heavy Motor Co. 507th Parachute Inf. Rgt. Assn. 976th Ordnance, N Co. (WWII) 20502 27th NCB Spec. 14757 , 12780 10294 163rd Engr Combat Bn. WWII 15330 507th QM Car Co. 15456 981st MP Co. "Sentry Dogs" (Vietnam) 28th NCB (WWII) 17563

164th Inf. Rgt. 14419 510th Engr , Lt. Ponton Bridge Co. 1 1074 12811 36th NCB 17676

166th Engr. (C) Bn. (WWII) 10187 51 1th Parachute Inf. Assn. (1943/58) 12766 983rd MP Co. (, Eng. WWII) 37th NCB Spec. 17941

Inf. Div., 168th Engr. Combat Bn (WWII, Korea, 514th AAA Bn , A Btry (WWII) 15931 26000 41st 186th Rgt., Co. E 12452 Vietnam) 16694 516th Engr. Bn (WWII) 12793 993rd Engr. Treadway Bridge Co. 15881 58th NCB 12373 170th Engr. (C) Bn (WWII) 16515 522nd Engr. Utility Det 15995 995th FA Bn. (WWII) 10775 59th NCB 18497 177th Station Hospital 21 182 532nd EB & SR 16401 999th AFA Bn (Korea) 16409 66th NCB / 1022nd Dtc. 21070 179th General Hospital (WWII) 16145 535th QM Co. (New Guinea/Philipines 1056th Engrs., PC&R Grp. (WWII West 77th NCB (WWII) 18430 187th Ord. Co. (WWII) 14199 1944/46) 15514 Coast Chptr.) 10866 84th NCB 10384 191st Tank Bn.Assn. 15337 540th Trnsportation Det.(LARC/BARC) 1205th SCSU (Ft. Wadsworth. NY WWII) 85th NCB (WWII) 10665 193rd FABn. (108th FA Bn.) 11082 Vietnam 30116 12751 87th NCB 10196 194th FA Bn., 194th Grp. HQ, 185th/740th 549th AAA Bn. 15334 1268th Engr. (C) Bn. A Co (WWII) 10434 97th NCB & 108th NCB 21483

FA - (WWII) 15359 550TH AAA Bn 22281 1282nd Engr. (C) Bn. (WWII) 14600 125th NCB (WWII) 18655 196th FABn 20665 553rd Engr. Hvy. Ponton Bn. (WWII) 15650 1395th Engr. Const. Bn. (WWII) 16516 137th NCB Spec./ 139th NCB Spec./ 3rd 196th RCT 16346 555th SAW Bn. 26005 1874th Avn. Engr. Bn., WA State, SWP Please turn page

THE AMERICAN LEGION .

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NCB Spec 10248 LST-894 23157 USS Blackhawk AD-9 (BADRA) - (Including USS DeHaven DD-727 (1969/73) 28313 519th CBMU (Soloman Isl. & LST-917(WWII) 17407 assigned DDs) 11087 USS Density AM-218 21621

WWII) 16483 LST-950 22838 USS Blessman DE-69/APD-48 & UDT-15 USS Deuel APA-1 60 (1 943/Present) 12285 520th CBMU (Solomon Isl., Guadalcanal LST-994 21802 17541 USS Donaldson DE-44 28343 WWII) 20924 Manitowoc Submarine vets (Wl Chapter) USS Blue DD-387 10458 USS Donnell DE-56 14723 521st CBMU (Soloman Isl. & Guadalcanal 12306 USS Blue DD-744 14498 USS Dorothea L. Dix AP-67 (WWII) 18000

WWII) 14261 MCB-2 14671 USS Boggs DD-136/DMS-3/AG-9 18478 USS Dortch DD-670 (1943/45) 1 1754 ACORN-52 11488 MINRON-1, MINEDIUS-1, MINEDIUS-2 USS Boise CL-47 17885 USS Duncan DD-485 12305 Air Support Control Units, PHIBFORPAC 21828 USS Bordelon DDR-881 Assn USS Dupage APA-41 21950 (WWII) 11490 NAAS Edenton Assn. (Edenton, NC) 12713 (Esp.Plankowners) 17877 USS Eager AM-224 30072 AMMF's (La Guardia Fid. 1943) 17353 NAS (Cooks & Baker, WWII) USS Boxer Assn.CV/CVA/CVS-21; LPH-4 USS Earl V. Johnson DE-702 18159 APL-33 (1945) 12686 12457 18070 USS Edgar G. Chase DE-16 17590 ARGUS 18 10200 NAS SANFORD: HATU (1955/56) 12754 USS Brazos AO-1 4 17414 USS Edmonds DE-406 (Including USS Armed Guard: SS Henry Failing 23055 Naval Airship Assn. (All Civilian LTA USS Bremerton CA-1 30/SSN-698 18427 BismarkSea) 10315 Armed Guard: SS James B McPhearson Personnel Incl.) 18562 USS Bridge AF-1 10391 USS Edwards DD-619 18472 WWI1 12677 Naval Airship Assn. 301 17 USS Bristol DD-453 (DESRON GRP 8, USS Eichenberger DE-202 20346 AROU all Units (WWII) 17943 Warfare Assn. 101 19 WWII) 12270 USS Elden DE-264 12295

Assn. of FMF Combat Med. Pers. (WWII, NSB 3100 Mindoro PI (WWII) 12716 USS Brooks DD-232/APD-10 10678 USS Eldorado AGC-1 1 18100

Korea) 12446 NTS Sampson Navy Vets Inc. (WWII) 28430 USS Brush DD-745 18076 USS Elizabeth C. Stanton AP-69 1 1950 Aviation Repair & Overhaul (All Units-WWII) Ormoc Bay, Battle of: USS Moale, USS USS Buck DD-420 (DESRON GRP 8, WWII) USS Ellet DD-398 18632 11670 Cooper, USS Sumner 21529 18414 USS Elmore APA-42 17562 Base Hospital #15 - () 17605 PB4Y All Squadrons 21892 USS Bumper SS-333 21201 USS Emery DE-28 14391

Base Hospital 8, Staff (1942/46) 12717 PBY (Catalina) International Assn. 22815 USS Bunker Hill CV-1 7 Assn. 1 7502 USS Endicott DD-495/DMS-35 17971 Battle of Ormoc Bay (Leyte 1944) 18085 PBY Catalina Int'l. Assn. - (Including Army, USS Caldwell DD-605 13792 USS Endymion ARL-9 10956 CASU-11 (GUADALCANAL) 14902 Air Force) 17903 USS Cape Gloucester CVE-109 28310 USS Essex CV/CVA/CVS-9 18567

CASU-12 17816 PC-1 229 12671 USS Card CVE-1 1 & VC-1 /8/9/1 2/55 17496 USS Eugene A Greene DDR-71 1 1 2683 CASU-20 (WWII) 10492 PC-1235 10856 USS Carlisle APA-69 (Marines Incl.) 18164 USS Farragut DD-348 17955

CASU-31 : Hilo.Hawaii (WWII) 14517 PC-490 17861 USS Carmick DD-493/DMS-33 18600 USS Fessenden DE/DER-142 10988 CASU-38 (WWII) 12664 PC-59611652 USS Carroll DE-171 21209 USS Fidelity AM-96 17347 CASU-42, CASU-13, ACORN-28 22326 PCS-1 429 (WWII) 13788 USS Casablanca CVE-55 (WWII) 28268 USS Finch DE/DER-328 & WDE-428 (Incl. CBMU-520 12274 PT Boats Inc., Tenders & Bases (WWII) USS Centaurus AKA-17 301 24 CG) 17969

CBMU-536/537 18282 17904 USS Chandeleur AV-10 14543 USS Fletcher DD/DDE-445 1 0661 CBMU-539WWII 18556 Radio Station Port Blakley (Basinbridge USS Chanticleer ASR-7 (1939/73) 30152 USS Flint CL-97 Assn. 18603 CBMU-546 (WWII) 28375 Island, WA) 12790 USS Charles Carroll APA-28 17648 USS Flusser DD-368 Assn 23095

CBMU-569 17474 RTC Great Lakes: Co 831 (1945) 12482 USS Charles F. Hughes DD-428 18244 USS Foote DD-51 1 Assn. 17700 CBMU-592 (WWII Eniwetok) 23060 RTC Great Lakes: Co 213 (1946) 12666 USS Charrette DD-581 18061 USS Forrestal CVA/CV/AVT-59 (All CBMU-599 (WWII) 17871 Salvage Ship Sailors Nat'l Assn 14739 USS Chemung AO-30 18077 Personel) 18458 CBMU-624/617 (Okinawa 1945/46) 22083 Sampson WWII Navy Vets Inc. 14783 USS Chemung AO-30 (West Coast) 12817 USS Fowler DE-222 17532 Columbia Univ.: USNR Midshipmen's Sampson WWII Navy Vets Inc 14789 USS Chepachet AO-78 17703 USS Frankford DD^197 21408 School (1940/45)10336 Sampson: Navy Vets (WWII) 17538 USS Clarence L. Evans DE-113 (1944/45) USS Franklin D. Roosevelt CV-42 + Air COMUTWINGS Pacific Fleet Ford Island, SC-541 14731 12020 Wings & Marines 17996 HI. 1945/48 12673 Veterans of America 18683 USS Clark DD-361 (1936/45) 18062 USS Fremont APA^W 18378 Cruisers CL-1 To CL-13 301 15 SLCU-32 B P. 17 & 18 11311 USS Clay APA-39 18172 USS Frybarger DE/DEC-705 17690 DESRON-8: USS Wainwright/Trippe/Buck/ SNAG-56 (Spec. Naval Advanced Grp.) USS Clemson DD-186 & APD-31, UDT-6 USS Gallatin APA-1 69 14646

Rhind/Bristol (WWII) 18171 17426 18375 USS Gantner DE-60/APD-42 1 8455

Destroyer Escort Sailors Assn (DESA) Submarine Veterans of WWI1 1 1628 USS Clinton APA-144 11758 USS Gardiners Bay AVP-39 (1954) 14744 22869 Torpedoman's Mates Assn. 18634 USS Coghlan DD-606 Assn. 10282 USS Gayety AM-239 17556 Destroyer Escort Sailors Assn. (St Louis TUSLOG Det. 12 (, 1952/65) 21693 USS Cogswell DD-651 18283 USS General G.O.Squire AP-130 10752 Chptr) 12690 UDT-16 12720 USS Collingsworth APA-1 46 17825 USS George K. MacKenzie DD-836 18214 Fleet Tug Sailors Nat'l Assn. (Navy & CG) USS AbnakiATF-96 17667 USS Columbia CL-56 17543 USS George Clymer APA-27 12044 17684 USS ABSD-3 12022 USS Columbus CA-74/CG-12/SSN-762 USS Gherardi DD-637/DMS-30 17431 FPO Pearl Harbor, Navy Mail Clerks (Korea, USS ABSD-4 18032 (1944-76/lncluding Marines) 18362 USS Gillespie DD-609 2831 1951/55 14645 USS ABSD-5 (Phillipines WWII) 22325 USS Comfort AH-6 10189 USS Grasp ARS-24 21109 LCI(G) 726 18143 USS Aegir AS-23 (Cooks/Bakers WWII) USS Comfort AH-6, 205th Hospital Ship USS Griffin AS-13 17918 LCI (L) 336 12660 12669 Compliment 14310 USS Griswold DE-7 (WWII) 17836 LCI (L) 732 17377 USS Albany Assn. CL-23/CA-1 23/CG- USS Cone DD-866 10051 USS Guadalupe AO-32 (All Crews) 1 7729 LCI (L)-713 12792 10/SSN-753 & Marines 10176 USS Conway DD/DDE-507 10987 USS Guam CB-2 18351 LCS (L) 101 11134 USSAIcor AD-34 18502 USS Copahee CVE-12/VGS-12/VT/VF-21 USS Guavina SS-362 14436 LCT-323 12659 USS Allagash AO-97 & Atlantic Fleet Oil 17671 USS Gurnard SS-254 10892

LCT-855 12735 Assn 10646 USS Corbesier DE-438 1 1097 USS Gustafson DE-182 20374 Liberators & Priveteers Sqs.: VP, VB, VPW, USS Amesbury DE-66/APD-46 11420 USS Craven DD 382 17866 USS Hammann DD-412/ USS Gansevoort VPHL (50 Aniv.) 12068 USS Ammen DD-527 21 128 USS Cross DE-448 17455 DD-608 18207

Lion Four/Navy 3205 1 0007 USS Antietam CV/CVA/CVS-36/CG-54 (All USS Currituck AV-7 14598 USS Harding DD-625/DMS-28 18205 LSM-1 56 20428 Personel) 17568 USS CurtissAV-4 17956 USS Harris APA-2 11105 LSM-203 (PTO WWII) 20367 USS Anzio Assn. (USS ) VC-82 & USS Cushing DD-376/797/985 Assn. 17715 USS Harry E. Hubbard DD-748 18226 LSM-204WWII 12675 VC-1 3 Aboard CVE-57. 21 290 USS Custer APA-40 1 4433 USS Haverfield DE-393 (WWII) 17613 LSM-375 12806 USS Appalachian AGC-1 17461 USS Davis DD-395 10344 USS Helm DD-388 10348 LSM-41 23034 USS ARD Assn (All Personel) 12286 USS Dawson APA-79 Assn. 10188 USS Henry A. Wiley DM-29 1 1228 LST Assn. of the US (all Eras) 10756 USS ARD-14 17814 USS Heywood APA-6 (WWII) 18588 LST-1 179 (USS Newport) 22737 USS ARD-15 10651 USS HoganDMS-6 22317 LST-120 18123 USS Arenac APA-1 28 21148 USS Hoggatt Bay CVE-75 (Including VC-

LST-240 17418 USS Arided AK-73 1 7498 For free help in arranging travel 14/88/99) 10377 LST-290 18638 USSArkab AK- 130 20357 and lodging for reunions and USS Hollister DD-788 17944 Hospital LST-310 21624 USS Aspro SS-309/SSN-648 21 152 other occasions, call: USS Hope AH-7/215th Ship LST-313& 286 10974 USS Atlanta CL-1 04/51 (Atlanta/Juneau Compl. 17810 LST-325 (WWII) 17879 Survivors Assn.) 10847 USS Hopewell DD-681 22560 LST-347 & LST-72 18691 USS ATR-31 Ormoc Bay 12676 MilSTRAVEL USS Hopping DE-155/APD-51 17706 LST-386 18687 USS Aurelia AKA-23 23089 USS Houston CA-30/CL-81 Assn. 1031 LST-392 17986 USS Bagley DD-386 Assn. 17424 (800)4US-VETS USS Howard F. Clark DE-533 22303 LST-47 (1943/46) 18041 USS Bainbridge DD-246 18098 (800)487-8387 USS Hull DD-350 1 0878 LST-515 10886 USS Baldwin DD-624 12474 USS Hunt DD-674 18437 WEEKDAYS, 9 AM—5PM CST LST-537 18456 USS Ballard AVD-1 0 10385 USS Hunter Liggett AP-27/APA-14 12796 LST-575, USS Wythe APB-41 28346 USS Barataria AVP-33 21949 USS Independence CVL-22 (WWII) 10874 • Free, specialized LST-587 21960 USS Barnes CVE-20 11 520 USS Ingersoll DD-652 17572 service for veterans. LST-592 12304 USS Baron DE-I66 17551 USS Ira Jeffery DE-63/APD-44 17517 LST-659 23065 USS Basilan AG-68 (SRU) 1 1 1 77 •Lowest U.S. airfares USS Irwin DD-794 Assn. 10482 LST-687 17327 USS Belfast PF-35 23037 USS Jack C. Robinson APD-72 18072 •Discount lodging LST-694 17594 USS Bell DD-587 (WEST) 18092 USS Jack W. Wilke DE-800 18382 LST-695 Survivors 22961 USS Belleau Wood CVL-24 & Attend Air USS Jacob Jones DE-130 1 7637 service LST-719 20834 Grps 18503 MilSTRAVEL, a new USS James C. Owens DD-776 10694 LST-781 18217 USS Benner DD-807 17867 from VETS, negotiates the buy- USS James E. Kyes DD-787 22154 LST-799 21801 USS Bennington CV/CVA/CVS-20 (Air ing power of over 10,000 mili- USS Jamestown 22366

LST-81 1 23086 Photographers of OP Div) 1962 1 8492 tary reunion groups with airlines USS Jeffers DD-621/DMS-27 1 7721 LST-824 (1944/46) 12809 USS Benson DD-421 17808 and hotels directly to get veter- USS John A. Bohle DD-755 (1949-55) 22032 LST-835 1944/45 12680 USS Bergen APA-1 50 11569 ans and their families the lowest USS John J Powers DE-528 14769 LST-869 12661 USS Bermingham DE-530 10109 rates possible. USS John Land AP-167 (WWII) 21819 LST-875 12292 USS Blackfln SS-322 17915 Please turn page

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION New for AMERICAN LEGION Member Families Exclusive United States Veterans Commemorative Military Watches Personalized with your initials and year dates of service

Available only to Veterans, Service Men and Women of the United States Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines and Coast Guard

are extremely proud to honor those who have served our We to: Veterans Country by commissioning an exclusive commemorative Mail Commemoratives 731 Martha Avenue, Lancaster, PA 17601 watch only for Veterans, Service Men, Women and spouses of The

I to the Military Commemorative United States Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines and Coast Guard. YES. wish order following Exclusive Watch(es): (/ Choices) MAN'S or LADY'S This special timepiece, in both a man's and lady's model, is ARMYQ NAVYQ AIR FORCE MARINE COAST GUARD personalized with your Official Service Branch Crest, engraved (not shown) 8THAAFQ 9TH AAF USAAF with your initials and years of service and delivered in a hand-

some gift box. INITIALS DESIRED (3):

SERVICE YEARS: to Fine watch features, found in watches costing much more, YEAR YEAR

include a precision quartz movement, 24 hour military time dial, I wish to pay as follows: date window, water resistant silver-tone case and adjustable Enclosed is my check or money order for $ 85* per watch, made payable to "Veterans Commemoratives" as payment in full. bracelet both fully decorated with 1 micron of 23 Carat Gold. Charge my credit card in 4 monthly installments of $ 21.25* each per Plus a 3-year Service Warranty! watch.

Credit Card # VISA or MASTER CARD NEW! 50th Anniversary 8th,

I I I 9th & USAAF Crest Watches I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

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SIGNATURE This beautiful watch will serve as a permanent reminder of your 85*. special place in history. It is "THANK YOU" priced at just $ Daytime Phone # ( )

An affordable payment plan is available. And, your satisfaction is Shipping Address (We CANNOT ship to P.O. Boxes) guaranteed or your money back - no questions asked. Name Call Now Toll-Free to Reserve Your Watch Address _ 1 -800-255-3048 Ext. L City Zip_ Monday - Friday from 9am - 5pm EST Weekdays (Allow 4-6 weeks for delivery) Have your credit card ready when ordering by phone * Plus $ 4.95 per watch for Shipping and Handling. PA residents add $ 5.40 sales tax. S 1 1 1 6 **VETS**

USS John W. Weeks DD-701 (1944-69) Radarmen) 12802 USS Windham Bay CVE-92 18608 12353 17747 USS Randall APA-224 11144 USS Woodson DE-359 (WWII) 13780 648th AC & W Sq. (Benton PA, 1951/54) USS Johnnie Hutchins DE-360 28312 USS Reeves DE-156/APD-52 17478 USS Woolsey DD-437 17583 12697 USS Joseph E. Campbell DE-70/APD-49 USS Reynolds DE-42 17855 USS Worcester CL-1 44 Assn (Including 679th/703rd/1 022nd/1 536th/1 537th/1 539th 17795 USS Rhind DD-404 (DESRON GRP 8, Mar Die.) 18578 Ord. Cos. (WWII) 10274

USS Juneau CL-52 (Atlanta/Juneau WWII) 12269 USS Wright AZ-1 , AV-1 , CVL-49, CC-2 1 7890 769th AC &WSq. 20412 Survivors Assn) 21239 USS Richard B. Anderson DD-786 14400 USS Wyandot AKA-92 1 791 775th AC&W Sq. (1950/70) 28330 USS Karnes APA-175 17670 USS Richmond CL-9 11054 USS Yew YN-32 & AN-37 (WWII) 21708 "Target for Tonight" (New Guinea) 12772 USS Kenton APA-122 10684 USS Rinehart DE-196 18058 USSZeilin APA-3 10341 6147th Tact. Cont. Grp. "Mosquito

USS Kitkun Bay CVE-71 , VC-5/63/91 17842 USS Ringgold DD-500 18328 USS Zellars DD-777 17845 Assn."(Korea) 10337 USS Kitty Hawk CVA-63 Vietnam (Volunteer USS Robert L. Wilson DD/DDE-847 Assn. V-12 Prgm. (University of Ml) 12718 Air Weather Recon. Assn. 12385 Gunners) 12689 10168 VB-111 Vets Organization 14826 ATCO (RAF Mildenhall, England 1959/61) USS Kula Gulf CVE-108 17954 USS Robert A. Owens DD/DDK/DDE-827 VB-18 (USS Intrepid WWII) 10167 12709

USS LaGrange APA-124 17565 18137 VB-87 17981 Berlin Airlift Vets Assn. 15089

USS Lake Champlain CV-39/CG-57 USS Robinson DD-562 28335 VC-84 Squadron 28290 Celle RAF Station "Airlift" (1948/49) 12812 (Navy,Mar.Persl.1945/69) 17531 USS Roche DE-197 (WWII) 50th Aniv. VC-87 21377 NhaTrang Air Base (Vietnam) 12813 USS LaVallette DD-448 17872 Assn. 12119 VC/VF/VAW/VAQ-33 22824 Photo Mapping Assn. 20426 USS Leadstown AP-73 Survivors 22695 USS Rochester CA-124 Assn. 22741 VD-1 Through VD-5: Photo Squadrons Pilot Class 52-B 15187 USS Lenoir AKA-74 14025 USS Rockwall APA-130, H Div & 12070 Pilot Class 48-C 20552 USS Leonard F. Mason DD-852 18093 Plankowners 12682 VF-17(USS Hornet), VF-18(USS Bunker Pilot Class 54-F 12695 USSLesuth AK-1 25 17358 USS Rocky Mount AGC-3 - (Army/Marines/ Hill) 10125 Pleiku ABAssn. 15100

USS Lexington CV-16 "Blue Ghost" Assn. wounded personnel included) 18380 VJ-61 (1948/55) 11854 RAF, Station Croft, Dtc. 1 (7500 ABGP, 18688 USS Rodman DD-456/DMS-21 10649 VP-201 22986 England 1958/59) 12708 USS Uoyd Thomas DD-764 18419 USS RoiCVE-103 12355 VP-24A/B-104A/P-104/VAHM-13 17633 USS Ludlow DD-438 17614 USS Roper DD-147, APD-20 22189 VP-45 Assn. (VP-250/VPB-205/VP-MS-5) USS Lunga Point CVE-94 (Incl. VC-85.VC- USS Rotanin AK-1 08 22656 12797 98) 17388 USS Rowan DD^105 18215 VP-61 (1948/55) 11853 Army Air Force USS Lyman K. Swenson DD-729 18149 USS Ruddy AM-380 (1951 to Decomm.) VP-83, VBA/PB-1 07 10358 USS Lyon AP-71 17948 12136 VPA/PB-53 (WWII) 18501 2nd AARU(F) 50th Anniv 12006

USS Magoffin APA-199 18059 USS Rudyard Bay CVE-81 Assn. 1271 VPB-1 11/VP-21 10219 2nd Airdrome Sq. (WWII) 1 1289 USS Makin Island CVE-93 & Squadrons USS S-13SS-1 18 17772 VPB-128 23155 2nd Sta. Comp. Sq. (Chelveston, Eng. VC-41/84/91 10884 USS Safeguard ARS-25 12670 VPB-19 (WWII) 21315 WWII) 26001 USS Mansfield DD-728 17615 USS CVL-48 Assn. 17346 VPB-208/FASRON-105/Marine Det., NAS 3rd Emer Rescue Sq, (S.W. Pacific) 16981 USS Marsh DE-699 10364 USS Salamaua CVE-96 18471 Trinidad 17790 4th Air Depot Grp. 16975 USS Martin H. Ray DE-338 20456 USS Salvager ARS(D)-3 12736 VPB-26 (WWII) 10634 5th AF Ord. Assn. (679th, 703rd, 1022nd, USS Maryland BB-46 Assn. 17421 USS Sampson DD-394 17634 VR-24Assn. 10783 1536th, 1537th, & 1539th Ord. Co.s USS Matagorda AVP-22 17923 USS San Francisco CA-38 17805 VS-68 (WWII) 12721 WWII) 12383 USS McDougal DD-358 1861 USS Santee CVE-29 & Air Groups (50th VT-8 (1943/44) 12448 5th Air Drome Sq. 16971

USS McKeeDD-575 18191 Anniv.) 18693 VU-1 : NAS Barbers Pt. (Oahu.HI) 22504 5th Army Aircraft Repair Unit (Floating) 50th USS Memphis CL-13 30114 USS Saufley DD-465/DDE-465 (1946-66) WAVES: NAS Barber's Pt. 14376 Anniv 21715 USS Menard APA-201 18184 17417 Yard Tug Sailors Nat'l Assn. (CG & Navy) 5th Ferrying ATC: 914th QM Co. (Incl. Othr. USS ARG-3 17603 USS Saury SS-189 (WWII) 10044 14738 Love Fid. Units 1942/46) 16913 USS Minneapolis CA-36 Assn (Incl. Mar. USS Savannah CL-42 (Incl. Mar. Det. WWII) YDG-10 1943/44 28308 6th AAF Radio Sq. Mobile 10889 Det.) 17343 21294 YMS-1 18 17378 7th Airdrome Sq. (WWII) 22267 USS Mitchell DE-43 17755 USS Selfridge DD-357 18593 YMS-1 83 23053 8th AF: Svc. Cmd. HQ (Milton Ernest, USS Mizar AF-12 (WWII) 18253 USS Sibley APA-206 Assn 10420 YMS-391 12687 England WWII) 12745 USS Montague AKA-98 17694 USS Sigsbee DD-502 11001 YMS-407 17720 8th Air Dpt. (ATC Accra 1942/45) 12769 USS Muliphen AKA-61 28285 USS Silverstein DE-534 17636 YMS-52 10127 8th Ftr. Grp. (33rd ,35th ,36th ,80th Sq.) 12451 USS Naifeh DE-352 17819 USS Snewman DE-205/APD-59 13777 9th Bomb Grp. 20285 USS Natrona APA-214 22035 USS Soubarissen AO-93 1 0497 9th Photo Recon. Sq. (C.B.I. WWII) 16917 USS Nehenta Bay CVE-74 & VC-8, VC-11 USS Stack DD-406 17892 11th Airdrome Sq. 14574 10636 USS Strong DD-467/758 18005 Air Force 12th Bombardment Grp. (Egypt/Tunisia/ USS Neosho AO-48 1943/45 12662 USS Suwannee CVE-27 10931 Italy/India) 16862 USS Neunzer DE-150 17412 USS Swanson DD-443 18330 2nd Bomb Grp. Assn (1921/47) & 2nd 12th Bomb Grp., 82st Bomb Sq. (Egypt, USS Nevada BB-36 & SSBN-733 Assn. USS Swasey DE-248 10290 Bomb Wing (1947/91) 15135 Tunesia, Italy, India WWII) 20254 28362 USS Talladega APA-208 18357 4th Ftr. Wing, 334th Ftr. Intcpt. Sqd. (Kimpo 12th Bomb Grp., 81st Bomb Sq. (Egypt, USS New Mexico BB-40 Assn. 18662 USS Tatum DE-789/APD-81 22700 Air Base) 28412 Tunesia, Italy, India WWII) 12093 USS New York BB-34 (ALL HANDS USSTecumseh SSBN-628 12294 7th AFDS (Goose Bay 1951/52) 11521 12th Bomb Grp., 83rd Bomb Sq. (Egypt, 1914/48) 18294 USS Telfair APA-210 14649 9th AF Assn. Inc. (AAF/AF) 1942/Present Tunesia, Italy, India WWII) 12528 USS Newman DE-205/APD-59 17793 USS Terror CM-5 17396 10800 15/20th Weather Sqs. FEAF 21375 USS Newport LST-1179 Decomissioning USS Texas BB-35 18526 10th Serv. Sq. 15080 17th Bomb Grp. (WWII), 17th Bomb Wing 21706 USS Thatcher DD-514 (50th Aniv. of 12th Tac Ftr. Wing, 557th/558th/559th (Korea) 21005 USS Nicholson DD-442 (WWII) 22519 Commis DesRon-23) 17372 Sq.'s (Vietnam) 12779 19th Tac. Air Cmnd., 4th & 6th T.A.C. Sqs. USS O'Bannon DD/DDD-450 (Shipmates USS Thetis Bay CVE-90/LPH-6/CVHA-1 13th Bomb Sq. Assn (Korea) "Grim (WWII) 10604 Assn.) 11143 17725 Reapers" 10387 21st Weather Sq./40th Mobile Comm. Sq. USS O'Brien DD-725 (WWII, Korea, USS Thomaston LSD-28 Plank Owners 20th AF: HQ Sq. (Guam) 15114 (WWII) 10272 Vietnam) 21597 Assn. 12148 31st FMS (Tuy Hoa, RVN 1969/70) 20713 29th TCSq. (WWII) 11958 USS Oberon AKA-14 (WWII/Korea) 18343 USS Thomas Jefferson SSBN-618 12293 31 st/401 st Tac. Ftr. Wing, Weapons Spec. 31st Ftr. Grp., 309th Ftr. Sq. 12125 USS Obstructor ACM-7 23003 USS Tigrone SS/SSR-419 15928 (1963/67) 12693 36th Photo Recon. Sq. 16931 USS Oliver Mitchell DE-417 28381 USS Tortuga LSD-26 Assn. 10436 46th Svc. Grp. 21428 38th Bomb Grp., 71st Bomb Sq. (WWII) USS Ordronaux DD-617 17448 USS Towner AKA-77 14610 51st Ftr. Intrcpt. Wing (Korea, Japan, 16878

USS Orion AS-18 10760 USS Trenton CL-1 1 18664 Okinawa 1948/58) 15027 42nd Bomb Grp., 69th Bomb Sq. (WWII) USS Osage LSV-3 12421 USS Trepang SS-412 17349 68th TCSq. 12456 16859 USS Otter DE-21 0 10199 USS Triangulum AK-1 02 12688 71st Spec. Ops. Sq.: AC1 19 Shadow 21641 43rd Bomb Grp. (H) Assn. (WWII) 1 1003

USS Otus AS/ARG-20 (1943-45) 1 1467 USS Trinity AO-13 (1939/46) 18304 75th Air Dpt. Wing (1952/56) 15050 51st Ftr. Grp. Assn (WWII) 10947

USS Oyster Bay AGP-6 1 8370 USS Tripoli LPH-1 0 18190 75th Air Dpt. Wing 15053 52nd Air Serv. Grp., 86th/72nd Air Serv. USS Pasadena CL-65 (Includeing Marines) USS Trippe DD-403 (DESRON GRP 8, 79th Ftr. Bomber Sq. (Eng. 1952/55) 14004 Sqs. (CBI WWII 1943/46) 16809 10608 WWII) 21278 79th Ftr. Grp., 86th Ftr. Intcp. Sq. (Youngs- 52nd Ftr. Grp., 2nd Ftr. Sq. ("E-Men" WWII) USS Pavlic APD-70 18150 USS Tucker DD-374 Survivors 15276 town OH 1955/60) 23099 20922 USS CL-41 10705 USS Tuscaloosa CA-37 14617 82ND, 328TH FTR. CONTROL SQDNS., 55th Weather Recon Sq. (B-24's, WWII) USS Pocomoke AV-9 & PBY Squadrons USS Venus AK-1 35 10022 582ND AIR. WARN. 20008 12407 20891 USS Vincennes CL-64 Crew (Mar& AVN 94th Ftr. Sq. 12379 66th TCS (WWII) 14767 USS CVE-1 19 22101 Personel Inc) 18705 96th Bomber Wing (1946/59) 21480 68th Fighter Sq. (WWII) 20443 USS Point Defience LSD-31 12663 USS Vulcan AR-5 1948-52 12681 97th Bomb Wing (1946/59) 10077 70th Ftr. Sq. "White Knights" (1942) 12774 USS Pompon SSR-267 21234 USS Wainwright DD-419 (DESRON GRP 8, 98th Bomb Grp./Wing Assn. 10890 80th Ftr. Grp. (CBI WWII) 16845 USS Pondera APA-1 91 17822 WWII) 14542 303rd Bomb Wing Assn.(B-47) SAC 10776 82nd Ftr. Grp. Assn. 10275 USS Porter DD-800 (WWII/Korea) 18165 USS Waller DD/DDE-466 1751 386th Bomb Grp. Assn. 20389 86th Ftr. Grp., 525th/526/527 Ftr Sq (WWII) USS Portland CA-33 17884 USS Walter C. Wann DE-412 17331 485th Bomb Grp.(VH)/ 485th Bomb Grp.(H)/ 16795 USS Portunus AGP-4 (PT Boats Inc.) 30103 USS Wasp CV-7 "Stinger Club" 20622 485th Tac. Msl. Wing. (1943/89) 20036 87th Airdrome Sq. (WWII) 10706 USS Prichett DD-561 17324 USS West Virginia BB-48 21227 491st Bomb Grp. 18399 87th Dpt. Rpr. Sq. (WWII) 16897 USS Princeton CVL-23 (WWII) 10328 USS Wheatear AM-390 1 01 57 501st TAC Grp., 603rd AC&W Sq. 89th TC Grp., 308th AAFBU (Bergstom USS Princeton Assn. CV-37/LPH-5 (E USS Whiteside AKA-90 (WWII) 17630 (1948/65)21076 Field Austin, Tx, WWII) 16882 Coast Chptr) 12727 USS Whiteside AKA-90 12787 601st AC & WS(Germany 1948-60) 14052 95th Bomb (H) Grp. (WWII) Assn. B-52's USS Pringle DD-477 18684 USS Wichita CA-45 17838 602nd AC&W Sq. 10852 16819 USS Providence CL-82 Assn. 17609 USS Wickes DD-578 17708 615th AC & W Sq. (Birkenfield.Germany- 95th Bomb Grp (B-17's over Berlin) 28357 USS Quincy CA-39/CA71 18153 USS Wileman DE-22 17824 1962) 22246 96th Bomb Grp. Assn. 21476 USS Quincy CA-71, 10th Div (1944/45 USS Wilkes DD-441 17317 619th AC&W Sq (Birkenfield, Germany) Please turn to page 64

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"For hardwoods, PEEL-AWAY should only be used when surface is to be repainted. Do not use when you ADDRESS wish to reveal the natural color of the wood. PEEL-AWAY Hardwood #6, see coupon. Use CITY STATE ZIP ARMED FORCES LEGION URGES STRONG DEFENSE Continuedfrom page 27 Continuedfrom page 27 In addition, several defense- Laborers' International Union of related resolutions were approved North America. And the Legion at last year's Convention in Chica- not allow the U.S to conduct two suc- has pressed Congress to fully fund go. They support a strong military cessful operations of any size simulta- employment and retraining pro- (Res. 190); urge the government to neously," says Chris Robbins, defense grams for recently discharged vet- preserve the defense industrial base analyst at the Washington-based Amer- erans. In addition, many Depart- (Res. 191); oppose unreasonable ican Defense Institute. ments and Posts sponsor job fairs cuts in the U.S. Armed Forces He says the planned cuts to the Air that bring veterans and employers (Res. 193); call for funds to pro- Force and the Navy will yield similar together. duce additional airlift capabilities results. With only 10 fighter wings, the Legion positions supporting a (Res. 197); seek funds for develop- Air Force will be unable to fight two strong national defense stem from ing Global Protection Against Lim- wars at the same time, and the Clinton- decades of resolutions passed at ited Strikes technology (Res. 237); sized Navy with 12 aircraft carriers will National Conventions. The most urge that both active and Reserve be unable to maintain "a meaningful recent of these resolutions, passed at forces be adequately maintained to forward presence" around the world, the 1993 Spring Meeting were Res. meet any national emergencies says Robbins, who advocates sticking 29, which outlines The American threatening the United States (Res. with President Bush's base force. Legion policy on military prepared- 242); and support a defense-indus- "The Clinton administration is rec- ness, and Res. 30, which details The trial base that includes commercial ommending cuts based on the assump- American Legion policy on National and government resources (Res. tion that the United States will only Guard and Reserve strength. 371). need a military capable of conducting Desert Storm and Somalia-type opera- tions," he says. another Army division, and Air Force Reserve Affairs, vows to "make every To Robbins, the world is still full of wing, and retiring four more aircraft effort to ensure that the men and serious military threats. What would carriers, he says. women of the Guard and Reserve are happen if democratic reforms in Russia By the time the drawdown goes that full partners with the active compo- fail, if the war in Bosnia spreads to deep, the U.S. military may be unable nents" of the military. other countries, or if confrontation aris- to keep an effective presence in Asia or But some aspects of the drawdown es over North Korea's nuclear weapons provide security for Israel, the Persian hurt the Reserves. Base closings, for program? he asks. Gulf region or Europe, McCain says. example, will make it impossible for But according to defense analyst He says President Clinton is not some Reservists to continue to serve, Bernard Rostker of RAND, a Califor- alone to blame for such deep reduc- says retired Maj. Gen. Evan Hultman, nia-based think tank, even the larger tions. "Undercosting and exaggerated executive director of the Reserve Offi- Bush base force could not handle two management savings during President cers Association. "There is a limit to wars at once. Bush's term" led to about a third of the how fare Reservists can afford to com- There might be enough troops and damaging budget cuts, McCain says. mute to meet training and other service they might be ready to fight, but "we requirements," he says. couldn't deliver them," Rostker says. THE active-duty military braces Hultman also notes that while there The nation's limited airlift and sealift ASfor deeper cuts, Reserve compo- is general agreement that Reserve capabilities could not meet the nents have been promised a larger forces should play a greater role in demands of two wars at once, he told force under the Clinton administration defense in the future, there is less Congress last spring. Thus, keeping than they would have had under Bush. agreement on what that role should be. enough combat troops on active duty to Bush wanted to shrink the Reserves to While politicians and analysts in respond to two contingencies "is a 920,000 by 1997, a 20 percent cut from Washington debate force needs of the waste of money because they can't get the peak year of 1991, when the future, some top military there from here," he says. National Guard and Reserves had a have begun to complain that smaller Lack of "lift" is a serious problem, total of 1.15 million troops. budgets already are cutting into their admits Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., one Clinton has promised not to cut ability to maintain effective forces. of the Senate's most influential voices Reserve forces that deeply. For 1994, Rear Adm. Harold Gehman, opera- on defense. But there is a more funda- the Clinton defense budget calls for a tions director for the Atlantic Com- mental problem with the Clinton Reserve force of 1.02 million, com- mand, warned Congress that the mili- administration's defense plan, he says. pared to Bush's 930,000. tary is still operating at a Cold War The proposed defense budgets will The active-duty drawdown has been tempo despite smaller post-Cold War lead to a 42 percent decrease in defense a windfall for the Reserves in a number budgets. spending by 1998 (compared to 1985 of ways. As active units are eliminated, He told a Senate subcommittee that and adjusted for inflation), McCain modern equipment ranging from M-l commanders have had to spend money says. Rather than a 33 percent troop tanks, rockets and bombers are trans- intended for training and equipment cut, lower spending is likely to force a ferred to Reserve units. maintenance to pay for missions such 40 percent cut in troop strength, reduc- A smaller active-duty force also as disarming Somali warlords, rescuing ing the force to 1 .2 million or even 1 means the nation will have to depend Haitian boat people and delivering million troops, he says. more on the Reserves. Deborah Lee, emergency food and medicine to Rus- Such cuts could result in losing the assistant Secretary of Defense for Please turn page

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More than 70 bases across the — even for treatment in military While the immediate impact of such United States are closing, meaning hospitals. cost-shifting is subtle, military leaders retirees will lose access to dozens Retirees are being set up for fear that in the long term it will cause a of hospitals where tens of thou- another punch in the pocketbook. return of conditions that characterized sands of them receive free medical As military spending is cut, Con- the infamous "hollow force" of the late care. gress has proposed a variety of 1970s, when planes lacked spare parts Base pharmacies, commissaries cuts to cost-of-living or COLA and could not fly, ships lacked trained and exchanges where retirees shop increases in military retirement crews and could not sail and troops at discount rates, are also closing, a pensions. Proposals so far include were not ready for battle. dismaying prospect for many who a "COLA cap," a "half COLA," a Ominous as that seems to some, the retired to areas near military bases "diet COLA" and a "rolling Clinton defense cuts do not appear to so they would be near hospitals, COLA." Each term describes a alarm the chief architect of President commissaries, golf courses and different variety of pension cut, Bush's base force, Army Gen. Colin other base amenities. but the result is the same — less Powell, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Cutbacks are likely to include money. With the military taking a Staff. elimination of the military's pay freeze, a smaller annual Powell has publicly endorsed Clin- CHAMPUS insurance coverage increase for retirees is virtually ton's plan for 1.4 million troops. "With that many retirees use to cover the certain. — W.M. U.S. strategy no longer aimed at fight- ing a global war," it is safe to reduce the active-duty military to 1.4 million, Powell told the House Armed Services million to help Russia and the other Committee. former Soviet states dismantle their IN SEARCH OF... The world has changed dramatically nuclear weapons. He has earmarked This column is for readers searching for groups of vet- since the base force was conceived, $40 million to improve export controls erans for purposes other than forming a reunion (use Powell said. The Berlin wall has fallen, and security to block the spread of VETS column) or to find witnesses to verify VA health claims (use COMRADES IN DISTRESS column). No Germany has reunified, the Soviet weapons, $50 million for disaster notices seeking information about relatives or friends will Union has dissolved, the United States relief missions, $300 million for be published. Notices are published free, on a space- available basis. has signed a major nuclear arms agree- peacekeeping missions and $48 mil- ment with Russia and the other nuclear lion for humanitarian assistance. A book on the history of the 795th MP Bn. Contact: Alfred J. Stankus, RR1, Box 1164, Poestenkill, NY 12140. powers of the former Soviet Union, Aspin wants the military to "forge Information about a WWII Army Air Corps air field most nations of the world have signed security partnerships with Russia, called the Lomita Landing Strip and located near Tor- rance, Calif., for historical research. Contact: Gus Mor- on to a new international chemical Ukraine and other nations, and improve tis, 4709 Green Meadows Ave., Torrance, CA 90505- weapons treaty and democracies and our defense ties in the emerging 5507. Members of HQ, 88th QM Bn. Mobile, APO 689, during market economies have begun to democracies in Eastern Europe." 1944-45, for a book. Contact: H.N. Wood, 435 High- emerge in former communist states. In budgetary terms, these items are lands Place.Harrisonburg, VA 22801-8348. The threat of global war that shaped "relatively minor," says Steven Kosiak, Members of the 287th Combat Engr. Bn. who served in WWII Europe during 1944-45, for a book. Contact: Basil U.S. defense strategy and military an analyst for the Defense Budget Pro- F. Giaimo, 185-13 Loudon Rd., Concord, NH 03301. structure for almost five decades has ject. But in terms of policy, they repre- Navy Nurses who served on Guam at the beginning of WWII, for a book. Contact: D.M. Fessler, 5738 N. Cen- said. potentially changes, he says. gone, Powell The military must sent major tral, Phoenix, AZ 85012, or call (602) 234-1574. adjust to a new world, he said. So far, the Clinton administration Navy WWII flight corpsman wings. Contact: Vince Caudy, 601 Seaway Dr., Lot F6, Ft. Pierce, FL 34949. While that means fewer troops, has offered only glimpses of the mili- Saipan Marines who guarded 's plane at fewer weapons and smaller budgets, it tary it envisions. The first comprehen- Aslito Field, or those aware of Navy Secretary James Forrestal's presence there. Contact: Robert T. Stocker, also means new ways of looking at sive look at the force of the future was 70 Lambert St., West Haven, CT 06516. threats and defenses against them. expected to come in late summer, Ship's patch of the USS , CVE-, CVS-107. The Defense Department is broad- when Aspin completes a "bottom-up Contact: George J. Lohman, 1922 Steven Dr., Edge- wood, MD 21040. ening its definition of threats to include review" that compares defense pro- Survivors of a B-24E (serial #42-7011) who parachuted the danger that democratic reforms grams with defense needs in the post- before the aircraft crashed near Santa Barbara, Calif., July 4, 1943. Contact: Robert A. Burtness, The Air Her- fail, particular- world. around the world might Cold War itage Museum, 601 Firestone Rd., Goleta, CA 93117. ly in Russia, and the danger that the The review "will yield detailed U.S. military in Wales during WWII, for thesis. Contact: Paul Wilson, University of Wales, Department of History, U.S. economy will falter. guidance for reshaping defense," P.O. Box 909, Cardiff CF13XU, Wales. In response to those threats, Secre- Aspin promised. Then the tough work U.S. military who served on Swan Island, , tary of Defense Aspin wants $50 mil- of actually restructuring the force during 1984-88, for historical research. Contact: Gale J. Raymond, Quintana Institute for Advanced Studies, lion of the 1994 defense budget to be begins. The services and the Penta- P.O. Box 35695, Houston, TX 77235. spent expanding "military-to-military gon's political leaders will have five Veterans of the 347th Rgt., 87th Div. Want to buy a pair of the regiment's metal lapel insignias (Dare Your Best). budget contacts" so that the U.S. military can months to hammer out a 1995 Contact: William G. Miller, 21 Charles Ave., Selinsgrove, teach their foreign counterparts the role to send to Congress next February. PA 17870. Women who served in WWII, for a book. Contact: Olga of the military in a democratic society. That budget will lay the foundation for Gruhzit-Hoyt, 17 Franklin St., Delhi, NY 13753, or call Aspin also wants to spend $400 a new U.S. military. (607)746-7082.

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statewide basis. The director The amazing walk-behind "brush hog". new 8 BUREAUCRACY began publishing it on a district-by- The FIELD anal district basis, meaning fingers were DR Continuedfrom page 29 pointed at local managers with high BRUSH MOWER rates. Within only 12 months, the rate CLEARS & MAINTAINS meadows, pas- fell to 12 percent — all because of a tures, woodlots, wooded and rough non-lawn small change in the system. areas with ease. CUTS tall grass, weeds, bram- Our intention is to bash bureau- bles, tough brush and saplings up to 1" thick. A cracies, not bureaucrats. Govern- Q. How does this wasteful spend- CHOPS/MULCHES most everything it cuts. Leaves NO TANGLE of brush to pick up like ment employees are too big a percent- ing happen? handheld brushcutters and age of the U.S. work force to be Public budget systems have a sicklebar mowers. Perfect for A anything other than a mirror of us. built-in incentive for employees low-maintenance wildflower meadows, European-style Some 18.6 million of us work for gov- to spend money. There's a triple woodlots, walking paths, or ernment. In government we have good whammy: 1) Save money and you any area you only people trapped in bad systems — the cannot accrue it to your department's want to mow once a budgeting system, the civil service future needs. If it, month or once a 2) you don't spend season! system, the management system. you lose it next year, too. 3) You get The systems were designed a cen- yelled at for asking for too much. tury ago to control an uneducated Bureaucrats respond to the same work force and they were further incentives that all humans respond to. designed to end the corrupt abuses of When we are incentivized to spend

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I A A Secretary of Defense Bob Stone how Government cannot be run like a l |C«y_ much of DoD's budget is spent on business. We don't want public deci- |To: COUNTRY HOME PRODUCTS', Dept 49308Fi archaic systems, he said 30 percent. sions made behind closed doors and Box 89, Ferry Road^Charlptte VT05445_ I _ j The minimum we've heard anywhere solely on the basis of profit. But gov- in government is 15 percent. Whether ernment can be more entrepreneurial.

15 or 30 percent, we're talking a It can promote competition among ser- We plan to lose chunk of change. vice providers, focus on outputs and results, and it can empower citizens to money on this offer. Q. Can you give us any examples do more for themselves. of systemic waste? The key is getting public employ- Get a Here's a tiny example. When city ees to act as if they were owners. And 10-Coin A Set of councils meet, a public worker owners pay as much attention to rev- Original records the meeting and drafts min- enues as they do costs. Why can't Indian Head utes. Then it's presented to the coun- government generate revenues, maybe Pennies for just cil, which spends public time making make a profit in some areas? $29.00 picayune amendments.. The minutes A second difference is that entre- Our choice of 1859-1909 dates get redone and, eventually, codified. preneurs have pride. They're willing Why are we running this expensive ad We've done it this way for 100 to work long hours, and, above all, offering ten different dates of historic Indian years and it's a total waste. Today they are customer-oriented. They care Head pennies at such an irresistible price? there are better ways. Los Angeles, for their results. That is very differ- Because we're in business for the long term about — we figure that even if our introductory instance, videotapes meetings. Later, ent from rule-driven government. offers lose money, we'll acquire satisfied if somebody wants to know what hap- new customers. And once you're acquainted pened, they're handed a tape. Period. Q. How can government be prof- with the way we do business — our strict another example: In Chica- grading, prompt delivery and personalized Here's itable? the city spent towing away are examples: When service — we hope you'll want to continue go $24 A Here some with us. abandoned cars until somebody real- the New York Mets decided to Here's the offer: While supplies last, ized that made no sense. Now a pri- drop their Visalia, Calif, farm team, we'll sell new customers a 10-coin set of vate company does the towing and the city stepped in and took over the Indian Head pennies, (we'll select all -differ- ent dates) for just $29.00. And we'll include pays the city $25 per car for the privi- franchise. After making money for six a FREE DISPLAY ALBUM. Thecoins come lege. years, Visalia sold the team to private in Good to Fine quality. 1 set, $29.00. 3 sets, In 1979, Massachusetts' welfare investors and made a profit. $85. 5 sets, $135. 10 sets, $265. 20 sets, system had the nation's highest "error In Milwaukee, the Metropolitan $495. Order #10953. To order by credit card, call toll-free 1 -800-451-4463. Or send rate" — 23 percent of the cases lacked Sewerage District turned a waste prob- your check or money order to: International proper documentation for the grants lem into a profit center. It now sells its Coins Currency, Inc., 1 1 E. State St., Box & awarded. Everybody knew the rate 60,000 tons of sludge for use as fertil- 218, Dept. 2805, Montpelier, VT 05601. was high, but nothing happened until izer, earning $7.5 million annually. Add $2 for postage. Satisfaction guaran- the new director changed the system. In Phoenix, a wastewater treatment teed: 30-day home examination. r^gos Before, the rate was published on a plant generates large volumes of

52 THE AMERICAN LEGION unwanted methane. Unwanted, that is, How? reinventing government? to Phoenix. The city now earns A Almost everybody in government A We need to retrain the public to $750,000 yearly by selling it to Mesa is paid to create or to enforce do things for themselves. For 60 for its heating and cooking needs. rules, laws and regulations. The U.S. years, most of us have gro\yn accus- There are other examples of this Postal Service's rule book is as thick tomed to government doing more for kind of governmental thinking but as a collegiate dictionary. The New us. there could be a lot more. Unfortu- York City school system's rule book Sixty years ago, a bunch of Legion nately, government often leaves is thicker than two dictionaries. members, for example, would hear the money on the table. A case in point: But rules are written in the belief kids' basketball hoop had blown Ace Federal Reporters offered to pay that today's problems will be tomor- down. They'd get together in some- the Federal Energy Regulatory Com- row's and today things change so body's living room and figure out how mission (FERC) $1.25 million for the rapidly that we cannot keep the rule to put up a new one. right to transcribe its hearings so they book up to date. Segue to today and the meeting has could sell the transcripts to law firms Trying to follow so many rules dra- to be in a tiny condo apartment. and corporations. FERC turned down matically slows government. When There's no guest parking. It has that bid and awarded the contract to the Massachusetts Department of Rev- become difficult for citizens to get another bidder who didn't offer to pay enue decided it could generate $100 together to do things for themselves. a red cent. Why? FERC didn't know million in new revenues if it had more But government can offer use of its what to do with income — it only auditors, it took over a year just to cre- resources, its buildings at night. If understands outgo. ate the positions, following all the government just did that, citizens pret- That's typical of a systemic attitude rules. ty quickly would find they could get in government and a chief reason for it There's a better alternative: Spend together and solve a helluva lot of is that the private sector has a mindset time with public employees reviewing problems on their own. about what government should and their missions. Ask the question, shouldn't do — "government agency by agency, what are we here Q. What's the prognosis? Will we shouldn't make a profit; it can't com- for? Why do we do what we do? reinvent government? pete with the private sector; it's best When employees are mission-dri- Alt can't occur overnight. Any sys- when it governs least." All those pre- ven, they will make decisions that tern that has taken 50 years to go conceptions are outmoded, without rel- enhance the organization rather than bad isn't going to be turned around in evance to modern America. following a damn rule book which less than 5 to 7 years. But I'm opti- only frustrates them and the citizens. mistic about changing government —

Q. You say our governments are and I am very pessimistic about the "rule-driven" and that's wasteful. Q. What's the role of the public in future of America if we don't.

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AUGUST 1993 53 Maj. Gen. Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr., son of a Civil War general and THE ALEUTIANS head of the Alaskan Defense Com- BOYS STATE Continued from page 18 mand, told his men, "You'll have to Continuedfrom page 16 go in there with a corkscrew to dig out the Japanese," and he was right. A fleet of three battleships, six of the Army supply line, the U.S. cruisers and 19 destroyers under Vice dents attending the state program a troops stationed there didn't always Adm. Francis "Skinny" Rockwell, chance to travel to Washington, D.C., get what they really needed. Many a over-all commander of the invasion, form a mock senate, vote on leaders, quartermaster scratched his head in sailed through the gales, uncharted pass legislation and tour Washington. disbelief when he opened supply rocks and fog to shell Japanese posi- "Boys State and Boys Nation pro- crates and found obstetric forceps and tions ashore. mote civic leadership and pride in anti-snake serum were sent to these When the 7th Division troops land- American citizenship," says Gary W. all-male, serpentless islands. ed — 90 of their 93 landing craft Sammons, chairman of the National Gradually, however, the Americans either foundered eventually on reefs or Americanism Commission. "These moved closer to the Japanese, occupy- capsized in the surf. Tracked vehicles programs have inspired many young ing first Adak and then Amchitka. The immediately bogged down in the men to become leaders in all walks of Japanese made a last try to supply muskeg, so the GIs had to haul their life." their garrisons cannons hand. but were fought off by To date, more than 1 million boys March 26, 1943, in the Battle of the The island was scheduled to be have participated in the Boys State Komandorski Islands, the last sea taken in three days, but three weeks program. Some graduates cite Boys encounter of World War II that did not later the battle still raged. The fighting State as the catalyst that launched involve planes. The USS Salt was ferocious, as the dug-in Japanese them on careers in law and politics. Lake City was so battered "she could preferred to die for their emperor President Bill Clinton participated in have been sunk by a baseball," but the rather than surrender in the mud, snow the Arkansas Boys State and the Boys Japanese were permanently cut off and fog on foreign soil. Nation program in 1963. Clinton cred- from their supply lines. On May 28, the Japanese killed its the programs with providing him By May 1943, the Army's 7th their wounded with shots of morphine. with the incentive to seek a career in Division was picked to invade Attu. The next day the surviving 800 sol- public service. Originally, the 7th was a mechanized diers made a final banzai charge. They Other Boys State graduates include unit trained to fight Rommel in the poured through the surprised Ameri- Sens. Tom Daschle and Larry Pressler North African desert. cans, killed the wounded in a field of South Dakota, Sam Nunn of Geor- hospital and made for the supply cen- gia and Richard Lugar of Indiana. ter. Among other prominent graduates are How To Locate Anyone . Gen. Archibald Arnold, sec- NBC broadcaster Tom Brokaw; James ond in command of the 7th Division, Jones, former president of the New Who Is Or Has Been rallied a motley force of cooks, engi- York Stock Exchange; and astronaut In Military: The neers and staff aides to stop the charge Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk Armed Forces Locator Pi recto ry| by hurling from atop a hill on the moon. crest. The remaining 500 Foreword by Gen. Wm. Westmoreland Japanese TV news anchorman Brokaw was then killed themselves with their own elected governor of South Dakota 1993 edition grenades. Attu had fallen. Boys State in 1957. He speaks for • Written by Lt. Col. Richard S. Dubbed "Operation Cottage," the many other graduates when he calls it Johnson, the Nation's foremost invasion of Kiska, Aug. 15, 1943, "one of the most memorable experi- expert on locating people with a involved 34,500 U.S. and Canadian ences of my young life. I made friends military connection. ground troops who were supported by that week who are friends to this day." • Contains 264 pages describing a pounding naval barrage and intense For information on sponsoring a every possible method to locate bombing. student to Boys State, contact your current, retired and former As they landed, the U.S. and Cana- Department's Boys State director. members of the Armed Forces. dian troops were met by "Explosion," By T. Douglas Donaldson • Shows how to locate any of the a dog who started licking the face of 27 million living veterans. Ens. William Jones. Jones had given

the pet to the 1 radio • Explains how to obtain copies of 0-man Navy team military personnel records, ship before the Japanese invasion. "Explo- and unit rosters and histories. sion" had the island to himself after the entire 5,183-man Japanese garri- Receive a free Surname Search son was evacuated in the fog by sub- from National Telephone Directory marines, right under the noses of the with purchase ($30.00 value). Americans. $23.00 postage paid Somewhat embarrassed, the Ameri- mieJ MIE Publishing cans were not all certain the Japanese " rt PO Box 5143 L had gone. Some thought they had just Burlington, NC 27216 burrowed underground. Nevertheless, 1-800-937-2133 the only land battle of World War II Money back guarantee. fought on continental United States soil was over.

54 THE AMERICAN LEGION submarine machine-gunnings. miles away. If we are to close bases, William J. Atkinson fine, but we must leave the support VETVOICE Baltimore facilities for our retirees. Continuedfrom page 6 William A. Suskevich Cooper's letter spouts the same Toms River, N.J. kind of garbage that says there was no

Holocaust. Editor's note: For more about the Everett Johnson machine guns on our life boats. Five of impact of the U.S. military's draw- Mountain Home, Ark. the men aboard one boat were killed. down on retirees, see "Retirees:

Thank I was close to the sub, and Pinched, Punched," Page 50. God Samuel Eliot Morison's 15-volume the tracers went over my head. History of United States Naval Opera- The Germans did machine-gun life tion in World War II documents such Keeping The Peace boats and any other living thing in the machine-gunning of survivors. Specif- "'s Last Chance" (May) water. ically Volume I, The Battle of the was an informative article about a lit- Robert H. Lewis Atlantic. While the machine-gunning tle-reported problem area in our frag- Salisbury, N.C. of survivors was an exception, it clear- ile world. But I bit my lip when, near

ly took place. the end of the article, I read the fol- Cooper should read the book, The Kenneth J. Morgan lowing, "Clinton must insist that Atlantic Star 1939-45, by David A. Williston Park, NY. UNTAC do its job and deploy its city- Thomas, which details the losses of bound soldiers to the countryside, Allied WWII shipping. Survivors from Base Closing Fallout where they can protect local political the torpedoed merchant ship Neriss The commitment to maintain med- organizers." were machine-gunned in the water. ical support, post exchanges and com- My son, Marine Maj. Kevin Fos- John W. Koning missaries for military retirees after sett, is serving there as a U.N. observ- Salt Lake City many years of faithful service has er based in a small hamlet in Northern gone by the boards. Cambodia. I'm sure that Kevin and A Careless Word...A Needless Sink- Many military retirees have even many other grunts, from many nations, ing by Capt. Arthur R. Moore also purchased homes and settled in certain serving as U.N. observers, can hardly provides accountings of such German areas because of the availability of be described as "city-bound soldiers." such services. No one told them these Harry W. Fossett facilities would be moved hundreds of Austin, Texas COMRADES IN DISTRESS IDM, Dept.WWB-237 Delivery Guaranteed to the first 10,000 208 Carter Drive, Bldg 5, West Chester, PA 19382 Readers who can help these veterans are urged to who order bySEPTEMBER 30, 1993. Please send one World War II Commemorative write a witness letter, including the CID number. Send the Card# Knife only $1 0 plus $2.95 shipping and handling letters to CID, The American Legion Magazine, Box 1055, Free Special Bonusl Plus Expiration Date _/_ Indianapolis IN 46206. Notices are published only at the requests of American Legion Service Officers representing claimants using Limit 5 knives only $45 plus $4.95 s&h Search for Witness Forms available from Department Plus Bonusl Enclosed is .PA res. add sales t Legion Service Officers. $ Charge My: VISA MC Amex

24th Medical Bn., 24th Inf. Russell C. Earhart needs witnesses to verify that while stationed in Augsburg, Germany, May 1958 through September 1959, he suffered a neck injury. Contact CID 1203. A Co., 405th Engr. Bn. Ludwig H needs WAR Hengen WORLD witnesses to verify that while stationed in Italy GOLDENANNIVERSARY during 1944 he suffered hearing loss from artillery barrages and malaria and yellow jaundice while Commemorative attached to the Free French and to the 10th Engrs., 3rdDiv. Contact CID 1205. KNIFE Co. A, 5th Engr. Combat Bn. Basil F. Giaimo needs witnesses to verify that while stationed at Fort Lewis, Wash., in the summer of 1948, he was recommended for the Soldier's Medal by his company commander for saving a drowning soldier iofthetwo(2) during a flood at Twin Falls, Idaho. Contact CID Instruments of Surrender* (the 1202. originals are in the National Archives in Co. A, 701st MP Bn. John F. Smerud needs witnesses Washington, DC) one signed by the

to verify that while stationed in , China, Germans on May 7, 1945 the other by

May 1946, he suffered a hearing loss and was the Japanese on September 2, 1 345. hospitalized in Shankhai General Hospital. Contact CID 1206. yours FREE just for trying our WW II Receiving Station, Bremerton, Wash. Charles C. Fitch needs witnesses to verify that while awaiting transfer to USS Breton on Feb. 23, 1943, he was in Pure 24Kt among 10 who were selected to undergo mustard Leered GOLD gas tests. Contact CID 1201. Celebrate the 50th Anniversary with this Service Btry., 1st Bn., 39th Arty. Larry Ray Benge Individually Registered needs witnesses to verify that while stationed in Numbered Edition

Vietnam at LZ Nancy during August 1970, he was Now to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of Americans will ever own this important present when a powder bunker exploded. Contact this historic event, this golden knife has been commemorative. Once the edition is sold out, the CID 1200. issued as a lasting tribute to the courage and dies will be destroyed and the edition closed USS Thomas Jefferson SSB-618 Blue Crew Keith sacrifice of our soldiers, sailors and airmen, a forever. memento to display and honor with pride. Russell Barrie needs witnesses to verify that while Satisfaction Guaranteed Each knife is serially numbered... and is layered stationed at New London, Conn., between 1970 and If at any time within 1 full year after the edition is with pure 24 Kt GOLD. A Certificate of closed, you feel that this commemorative knife is 1973, he suffered a head injury while on patrol in the Authenticity attests to the Gold status content and not worth more than you paid, we will buy it back North Sea and overdosed on valium while in port as a true Registered Edition. Only one in 1,000 from you at the full purchase price. after seeing a pychiatrist. Contact CID 1199.

AUGUST 1993 55 GUMSHOES Hiring A Detective Continuedfrom page 33 THINKING of hiring a PI? "Ask an Army buddy, for example — an attorney for recommenda- can run $300 or more. tions," counsels private investigator You should always ask about the Irwin Blye of Queens, New York. estimated cost and the likelihood of her home, bailed him out, and left the Blye warns that the business has its success, says Los Angeles private area with the two children. judge A share of flakes but attorneys usual- eye John Lynch, a onetime FBI man. immediately awarded custody of the ly know of a PI they can trust and Lynch says some jobs are virtu- kids to the father, who called Camp- who specializes in what. Blye rec- ally sure things. The probability bell for help. ommends you always get a PI that you'll locate that Army buddy is It took seven months for Campbell specializes in the area you need. "A over 90 percent, but other assign- to track the mother down. The break guy who's tops at premarital inves- ments can be more iffy. "A profes- came when her cash ran low and she tigations isn't necessarily the one sional ought to be able to give you began using a credit card billed to her you want to find a runaway teenag- a rough idea of the probability of ex-husband. Court records in hand, er," he says. getting results," he says. Campbell convinced the creditor to You should also be aware of Lynch's last piece of advice: notify him immediately when the what it's going to cost. Established "There are crooks out there, but statements of charges came in. When Pis earn $50 an hour and frequently there are also good investigators. the began paying for lodgings woman log long days. Even a bare-bones Keep looking until you find with the credit card, Campbell tracked missing-person search — a hunt for one."—R. McG. her down, motel by motel. "Believe me, that was one happy dad when he saw his kids," Campbell says. American adults with a scan of com- property owners. Missing persons. Whether the hunt puter and microfilm records," says All of these are public records is for a long-lost Army buddy or a Milo Speriglio of Nick Harris Detec- available to anybody, but Pis like financial deadbeat, Pis usually solve tives in Los Angeles. If there's a Speriglio know how to use them. Plus, most cases within hours, or a day or phone listing, the name and address when electronic hunting is inconclu- two at most. show up on a list. Ditto for holders of sive, Pis turn to old-fashioned tele- "We can find 70 percent of the driver's licenses, registered voters and phone canvassing and door-to-door inquiries of the person's last known haunts. In virtually all cases, the missing person will be found. "Even people Why it takes legwork who consciously set out to vanish usu- ally leave clues behind," says New York PI Jerry McAward. "When to flatten your stomaeh. we're given our head and when money is no object, we have a 100 percent You can't reduce stomach Use a NordicTrack* total- success rate." fat by exercising abdominal -jOM? body exerciser to Background screening. Fearing muscles alone. jTy flatten your stomach. possible legal action against them for Research shows that A NordicTrack workout providing meaningful references on exercises that work only employers offer lit- gives you a smooth, vigorous employees, many abdominal muscles are tle more than dates of employment. As not effective. You need a motion that's easy on your joints. a result, corporations are turning to Pis total-body workout — you The patented flywheel and to ferret out facts about prospective need a NordicTrack. The one-way clutch employees. NordicTrack total-body motion mechanism gives you The higher the job, the higher the involves all major muscle a jarless, realistic likelihood a PI will be involved, says groups which means you burn cross-country skiing New York private investigator Mc- more fat in less time. Award. Pis frequently go beyond workout. So you feel as In fact, you can standard reference checking, with i good as you look. burn up to 1,100 probes of job applicants' driving his- 30-day calories per hour tories, credit and even criminal con- in-home trial Free information. victions. Call or write us today. We'll Are the extra efforts warranted? send you a free brochure and McAward recently checked on a can- video that show how NordicTrack1 workouts didate for a corporation's board of can help you look andfeel your best. directors and, of course, the man had all the right polish, except for one thing. "We discovered he had been CML Company convicted of indecent exposure and The World's Best Aerobic Exerciser was serving weekends in jail," says 61993 NordicTrack, Inc.. A CML Company • All rights reserved. McAward. "That's why it pays to do

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION thorough background checks." Premaritals. Years ago, when mar- Are You Private Eye Material? riages typically grew out of long-term relationships in tight-knit communi- Continuedfrom page 33 impose no regulations on Pis. ties, brides and grooms likely knew all their imaginations run wild. Farmer says some Pis even avoid they needed before tying the knot. Not How do you serve legal process getting licenses all together by call- so in today's fast-paced, mobile world. on a man who won't open his door? ing themselves "security consul- When questions arise about prospec- "Show up wearing a clown suit and tants" or give themselves other tive partners, Pis are hired to provide carrying balloons and there are few vague titles. answers. doors that won't open for you," As for dangers, forget them. says Blye. "A lot of private investi- "The dangers are vastly overesti- Angeles' Speriglio handles gating still means knowing the old mated," says Gorgone, who claims LOSplenty of these cases. For instance, tricks of the trade." she has never been shot at. Boston he tells about a wealthy woman What about licensing require- PI Gil Lewis agrees. "In general, who was set to wed. The groom had ments? They vary widely from the dangers I face are nothing com- told her he was well-off, a millionaire, state to state. Standards are tough- pared with those faced by a taxi except he kept hitting cash-flow snags. est in New York and California, driver. Those guys get their heads She hadn't minded making small cash which require about three years of blown off for a few dollars," Lewis gifts but her suspicions soared when apprentice training. But some states says. —R. McG. he asked for $80,000, just to tide him over until an electronic cash transfer went through. She asked Speriglio to investigate. work. "At the end of the day, a private inves- "The man had four different IDs," "The camera also told us that, again tigator also can feel good about him- Speriglio says. "In fact he's married to and again, it was the same employees self." a woman in the midwest — there's no loading those trucks," says Lynch. "If you want interesting work, pri- record of a divorce. He's a con artist." "Management's estimate was that the vate investigating is what you're look- Employee theft. Shoplifters may thefts had been going on for six ing for," says New York PI Irwin win the publicity, but often the more months. We ended it inside of a Blye. "But remember, it's a demand- devastating thefts are inside jobs per- week." ing career, not a 9 to 5 job. If the assignment calls for you to be out on petrated by employees. * * * FBI agent turned Los Angeles PI the street at 3 a.m. on Sunday, you're John Lynch is an expert in cracking "You can do a lot of good for peo- there — or you're not a private inves- these cases. He remembers one case ple in this business," says Ron Farmer. tigator." in which a company kept suffering huge inventory losses. It had to be employee theft but there were no hard leads. Lynch installed a concealed video camera at the loading dock. Within days he had visual evidence of some drivers taking a load of goods without signing or receiving paper-

TAPS

notices are limited to only those Legionnaires r Taps hat really happened to the USS Liberty? This video tells the American side of the attack and who have held high national or department offices. We may be the only video brave enough to tell the truth about the fateful day in June 1967, when Israeli regret that we cannot extend the honor to all members. jet aircraft and motor boats brutally assaulted the Liberty in international waters for no Miles S. Ansbaugh.MI Department Commander (1967- apparent reason. The attack lasted more than two hours - killing 34 Americans and wounding 171 68), Alternate National Executive Committeeman (1971-73), National Executive Committeeman (1973- others - and it inflicted 821 rocket and holes in the ship. When the Liberty refused to

75) . sink, Israeli forces machine-gunned her life rafts and sent troop-carrying helicopters in to finish the Chester F. Boratenski.DC Department Vice Co- mmander (1974-75), Department Commander (1975- job. Details of the attack were hushed up in both countries. Israel claimed that her forces

76) . mistook the Liberty for an Egyptian ship, our government quietly accepted Edward Cohn.MN Department Vice Commander (1960- that excuse despite contrary evidence. Now, you can learn the truth, from the 61), Department Commander (1977-78), Alternate National Executive Committeeman (1978-81). survivors of this attack and through rare slides and film footage collected from Albert Roy Cousins, GA Department Vice Commander the U.S. Navy and private sources. Not many people knew about the attack (1955-56), Department Commander (1957-58). A.C. "Al" Friesen.OR Department Vice Commander on the Liberty, but once you watch you will (1961-62), Department Commander (1962-63), never forget! 'Ci. _0|||y Alternate National Committeeman (1965-71). Leo L. Harris, KS Department Commander (1959-60). #5846 Approx. 60 min. $19.98 s Firman Eiler Henricks.IL Department Vice Commander ia.98 Discover orders, call toll-free 24 hour (1965-66), Alternate National Executive Committee- For VISA, MC, man (1983-85), National Executive Committeeman (1985-87). 1-800-959-00B1 Ernest H. Nash,GA Department Vice Commander Or send your name & address with check or money order for $19.98 plus $3.95 shipping and handling to: (1957-59), Department Commander (1959-60). Fusion Video, 100 Fusion Way, Dept. USS 3, Country Club Hills, IL 60478. George H. Tribble Sr .GA Department Historian (1957- t ..n:, iii, in mi-Hits inusi ;i<]<] -s5.lK) s & H and pay > hinds, il'k'iisf m.U': Illinois rt'siili'iils i 58), Department Vice Commander (1964-66), Department Commander (1966-67).

AUGUST 1993 57 .

to some Russian scientists. Richard Smyth smuggled two hundred Another ominous development, krytons to Israel, at least a dozen of NUCLEAR MONSTER says former U.S. Secretary of Defense those devices found their way to Pre- Continued page 31 from Caspar Weinberger, is the growing toria, according to U.S. officials. cooperation between developing coun- Together, the countries developed tries in search of nuclear weapons. Israel's Jericho missile, which has April, intelligence and Syria are said to have actively Last Western nuclear capability. In March, South worked to recruit scientists in sources reported that Iran had signed a African President F.W. De Klerk dis- Leningrad, Stavrapol and Kazakhstan. series of secret deals with Stalinist closed how successful the collabora- Iran and Pakistan have made spe- North Korea to co-develop a ballistic tive effort had been when he admitted missile that deliver that his cific appeals to Central Asian Muslims system could country owned six nuclear nuclear warheads. Tehran agreed to weapons in the late claims who worked at nuclear weapons facili- 1980s. He give Pyongyang $500 million to cover to have disarmed them. ties in Kazakhstan to go to work for their "Muslim brothers" overseas, the entire cost of research and devel- The United States and her allies In according to Vadim Bakatin, the for- opment. exchange, North Korea have worked aggressively to get give Iran unspecified countries mer Russian Interior Minister. would an num- developing to sign the Non- designs The great appeal for many ex-Sovi- ber of nuclear bombs and the Proliferation Treaty (NPT), but the for nuclear weapons reprocessing treaty has been only marginally suc- et scientists is financial. With a broken according reports. down economy, and the development plants, to cessfully. Earlier this year, North officials also believe that the first to for- of nuclear weapons a low priority, U.S. Korea became country Israel have cooperat- leave treaty after it. hundreds of officials in this once South Africa and mally the signing proud and pampered industry have ed on several joint nuclear projects. But U.S. officials warn that even In early 1983, when American those countries that are current signa- been laid off. Western efforts to insti- tute a peaceful, civilian research pro- gram to keep these scientists busy has had mixed results at best. NUCLEAR CLUB: The Waiting List According to Vladimir Shapilov, a nuclear scientist based in inflation-rid- Continuedfrom page 31 LIBYA is far behind in the race to of his colleagues den Moscow, many opment of a number of rocket sys- develop a bomb — but not for lack earn the equivalent of to U.S $15 $20 tems, including the SLV VLS, a of trying. Qaddafi has successfully per month. Iran North Korea have and four-stage solid rocket launched spent enormous sums of money try- of per year offered upwards $60,000 first in 1989. ing to attract scientific talent and IRAN hopes in the next five to 10 the materials needed to build a years to develop an Islamic Bomb, nuclear bomb. However, most

according to several news experts believe it will be a decade accounts. The Times of London has or more before the madman of the PROSTATE reported that Tehran may have desert gets the bomb. bought nuclear systems from THE SOVIET successor states unscrupulous Russian military offi- pose a nuclear proliferation prob- SUFFERERS! cers. In April, Western intelligence lem. According to former Secretary Suffer no more! Natural herb sources reported that Iran had of Defense Caspar Weinberger, signed a series of secret deals with formula guaranteed to help in 10 "One of our top priorities should be Stalinist North Korea to co-devel- containing the spread of nuclear days. Skillfully blended herb tea op a ballistic missile system that weapons and technologies to the with Saw Palmetto Berries, Dami- could deliver nuclear warheads. new states of the former Soviet ana, Bark, Juniper Sandalwood Iran agreed to give Pyongyang Union." Berries, Cornsilk, and other herbs $500 million for research and Belarus, Kazakhstan and the respected by many famed herbal- development, in exchange for an Ukraine have nuclear weapons on ists. Apure herbal food combina- unspecified number of nuclear their soil, under the command of bombs and the designs for nuclear tion. Send $ 1.00 for a 10 day trial the Russian military, but have weapons reprocessing plants, supply and FREE Big Herb agreed to join the Non-Proliferation according to reports. Treaty. Yet Western concerns Catalog. IRAQ has not given up on its remain, as all three could build 100% Satisfactjo nGuaranteed nuclear ambitions. Despite the nuclear weapons of their own fairly Indiana Botanic Gardens, Inc. heavy damage caused by the Gulf easily. * P.O. Box 5 Dept. AMHG War, the Iraqi nuclear weapons Both Kazakh president Nursul- Hammond, IN 46325 | program has suffered a setback tan Nazarbayev and Ukrainian Mr. , Mrs. only, not a knock-out. Warns David president Leonid Kravchuk have Ms. I Kay, the former U.N. chief weapons shown considerable reluctance to inspector who headed up inspection completely renounce a nuclear

Address . teams in Iraq: "There is still plenty weapons program. Both have hun- of activity. There is still the very dreds of nuclear scientists and Cicy | real possibility that Saddam may at weapons experts at their disposal, some point acquire a nuclear remnants of the once proud Soviet State Zip weapon." military establishment.-P.S. 1| "Keeping America Healthy Since 1910" j

THE AMERICAN LEGION '

tories are difficult to watch. soil. U.S. military aircraft using advanced, Part of the problem is intelligence. One possible option would be the precision-guided munitions. According to former CIA director threat or use of a pre-emptive military If the United States were to pub-

Colby, "It's very difficult determining strike against forces that pose a licly declare that it was U.S. policy to how advanced a nuclear weapons pro- nuclear threat. carry out such strikes, that alone might

gram is, using technical intelligence. This would not be as difficult as it deter some countries from deploying a We can have suspicions, but no might seem. In most cases, the Third nuclear force. proof." Colby says the United States World countries most likely to devel- The nuclear genie escaped from the believed that before the Gulf War Iraq op and deploy a nuclear force would bottle in 1945 when the first atomic

had five to seven years to go before it be incapable of protecting and defend- bomb was built. Unfortunately, the could build a bomb. Only after we got ing their systems the way most ad- end of the Cold War doesn't mean that a clean look at Iraqi nuclear facilities vanced nuclear powers can. Strikes the nuclear threats have gone away. did we realize that they were only two could be made by cruise missiles or They have only changed. years off. In a recent report, Leonard Spector, director of the Nuclear Non-Prolifera- tion Project at the Carnegie Endow- Sleep Better On Air ment for International Peace, wrote: "In most cases, the network of interna- • Research shows 94% of back pain ' Adjust Firmness tional treaties institutions, export con- sufferers report Select Comfort gives to Fit Your them the back support they need trols and nuclear trade agreements Exact Needs. to get a better night's sleep. simply will not be able to guarantee that proliferants have abandoned their nuclear ambitions." The Congressional Research Ser- vice in a 1991 report noted that even with a 1987 international agreement to restrict the sale of ballistic missile technologies to the developing world, Unique i. "the pace of ballistic missile prolifera- air-cushion design contours to your tion has quickened considerably." body, providing superior back The United States needs to take support and comfort. firm action, independently of the world community, to guarantee its security. Warns Sven Kraemer, the Customized Comfort -You Control The Firmness. former director of arms control at the National Security Council: Revolutionary Air Support System. Try Risk-Free for 90 Nights. "The American people face un- Select Comforfs unique air support Sleep on a Select Comfort for 90 nights. precedented dangers — small Pearl sleep system lets you control the feel and If you are not completely satisfied, return Harbors — from the clearly unstop- firmness of your bed— simply by pushing it for a full refund. pable proliferation of weapons to mili- a button. Your mattress can be firmer than 15 Year Warranty. tant forces around the globe." the firmest innerspring or softer than the softest feather bed.. .helping you sleep Discover of Select Comfort One of the most direct approaches why 96% more comfortably, reducing back pain and users recommend it to their family to the problem is for the United States muscle aches, and providing true support. and friends. to develop, build and deploy a Ballis- Change the firmness whenever you like "I am a doctor and often come home exhausted. tic Missile Defense (BMD) system. to meet your exact preference. This mattress is the most comfortable I've tried" The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), Dr. Connie Horn, M.D., Clarksville, OH conceived during the height of the Adjust Your Side Separately. "For the first time in years, we wake up without Inside the mattress are two air chambers. Cold War, is still relevant in the post- aches and pains and have more energy .1 You can adjust your own side indepen- Cold War era with some minor con- Mr. &Mrs. Dennis Clevenger, Lawrmceville, GA dently. With Select Comfort, you satisfy ceptual modifications. An American your own needs without compromise. Call now BMD system would offer us a line of for your FREE VIDEO defense against a nuclear Iraq, Iran or and FREE Brochure Libya that might be tempted to test U.S. resolve. 1-800-831-1211 But a BMD system will not solve Select Comfort provides proper back support and the problem entirely by any means. As contours to your body, distributing weight evenly. Please send me a FREE Video & Information Packet. former CIA director Colby points out, YES! "A missile is the least likely means of delivery. These are relatively poor Address states we're talking about. They are City State Innerspring mattresses create pressure points _ much more likely to use aircraft or and uneven support Evening Phone ( )_ other means." Therefore the United States will Select Comfort Corp. have to consider other military options 9301 75th Ave. N. Dept. 1524 for dealing with nuclear enemies who Waterbeds rely on and can cause a Minneapolis, MN 55428-1003 "hammock effect," bending your spine unnaturally. © Select Comfort Corp. 1993 Dept 1 524 may be tempted to target American

AUGUST 1993 59 • The Child Welfare Foundation, to tem of national health care. This plan which you donated more than $1 mil- ("An American Legion Proposal To COMMANDER lion, awarded $243,000 in 1992 to 10 Improve Veterans Health Care" — Continuedfrom page 9 nonprofit organizations dedicated to see June 1993 issue of THE AMERI- promoting the wholesome develop- CAN LEGION magazine) was presented ment of America's youth; to Mrs. Clinton's Health Care Task • American Legion Baseball fields Force in April. founded, and more than fulfills that 718 more teams today than it did a • Supported the passage of the pledge of "continued excellence." decade ago, giving 15,000 more Montgomery GI Bill, subsequent Though it would be tedious and youngsters an opportunity to learn increases in benefits, and is now impractical to list every new program about sportsmanship and team work. actively lobbying for the adoption of a and every one of our accomplishments While some of these programs GI Bill; since 1981, it is imperative that a few were financed largely by contributions • Played a key role in documenting be mentioned: you earmarked for that purpose, many the need for medical assistance for • The American Legion Family of the direct and indirect costs of those suffering from illnesses unique Support Network, a network of Legion administering them were paid for with to the Gulf War; volunteers connected by sophisticated dues dollars. • Conducted the Columbia Univer- communications technology, was cre- The list could continue with details sityYAmerican Legion study of Viet- ated during Desert Storm and, so far, about the Junior Shooting Sports Pro- nam veterans which paved the way for has helped more than 30,000 families gram, our support for national memo- allowing many service-connected ben- of active duty service people during rials, job fairs for active duty person- efits related to Agent Orange exposure times of crisis; nel, college loan programs, and and PTSD; • The National Emergency Fund scholarships for numerous athletic and • Has been vocal and insistent in its raised nearly $1 million and donated academic endeavors. But much of the support for transition benefits for more than $330,000 to help Legion- Legion's work takes place on Capitol active and reserve components sepa- naire victims of natural disaster, such Hill, where veterans find a strong rated due to military downsizing; as Hurricane Hugo; voice in support of their interests. • Stood firmly in its opposition to • The Temporary Financial Assis- For instance, during the past dec- allowing openly homosexual men and tance program is currently making ade, the Legion: women to serve in the Armed Forces; grants totaling more than $300,000 a • Was the only veterans' organiza- • Continues to lobby for the pas- year to the children of needy veterans tion to present a comprehensive plan sage of a constitutional amendment to who need food, clothing, shelter and to preserve the VA medical system protect the U.S. Flag from desecration, medical care; and integrate it into any approved sys- and has played a key role in the enact- ment of 33 state resolutions calling for -For a chuckwagon full of genuine Western music-, congressional action; • and yodel ing, just listen to Provided strong and vocal support for the resolution of the POW/MIA issue, and staunch opposition to the" relations with Viet- itmcLufk Sim Si 1U SaMU Pali normalization of nam until every POW is accounted for Their lively and & BOWS. All in all and repatriated; delightful old-time 20 of the most • Supported the Contras and the music includes beloved tunes from development of democracy in the cowboy classics a bygone era; Basin; like BOOTS & performed by people • Developed documentation about SADDLE and THE whohave spent years the aging veteran health-care crisis LAST ROUND UP perfecting and...yes... and provided strong legislative sup- ....famous yodeling enjoy sharing this port on their behalf; songs such as T FOR great music with you. TEXAS andlAMA SOURDOUGH • Helped create the Job Training YODELING Partnership Act and the Disabled Vet- SLIM sings, yodels COWBOY a erans Outreach Program; and accompanies himself on his accordion spirited version of GOLDEN SLIPPERS • create Vet Centers and whUeTHE SADDLE PALS vocalize.play Helped andoteexceUentfiddtag ^gfoesrng- acquire treatment for PTSD and ^ fiddl harmonica, banjo, mandolin VA certain ailments associated with expo- IN and TWILIGHT ON THE of ±Q ^ ttasiitional ^wboy bands sure to Agent Orange; selections TRAIL...famous western swing „f tu„ ->nv q^h •vy* ottJie2Us 311(1 30 s - • Was instrumental in creating the include TEXAS GALS and WESTERN SKIES....there are traditional folk songs like If you thought they don't make this kind of Veterans Readjustment Appointment BIG ROCKCANDYMOUNTAIN....and good, old-fashioned music any more, just Authority and the U.S Court of Veter- all-time favorites such as THE WALTZ listen to this collection. 20 Country & ans Appeals; YOU SAVED FOR ME and BUTTONS Western tunes you will thoroughly enjoy! • Lead the way for the creation of MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE COUPON the Department of Veterans Affairs; THE MUSIC BARN Box 1164 My check or money order for $14.98 is enclosed. • Helped create the position of LEWISTON, NY 14092 - 1 164 or charge to my VISA MASTER CARD !

I Please rush the double-length cassette of No Exp Date 1 Assistant Secretary of Veterans Em- I SOURDOUGH SLIM & THE SADDLE 1 ployment and Training in the Depart- I PALS. If I don't think it's as good as you Name I

' ' promise, I will return it for a full and ... of Labor; Address ment, ""nediate refund. I I • Established a job training and aarem^MIIUlMa.MfcWMirMHHIKf City State Zip placement program for veterans in

60 THE AMERICAN LEGION .

cooperation with the Laborers' Inter- agency reported. national Union of North America; The EPA based its warnings on • Led the fight against the Means COFFEE lung cancer rates among uranium Continuedfrom page 22 Test, and the Rural Health Care Initia- miners, whose exposure to radon is tive which would have opened the VA vastly different from average Ameri- to civilians while denying access to cans. Some scientists now believe the veterans; radon threat to be vastly overstated. • Sued the federal government to cyanide in just two of the billions of Or, consider the coffee conundrum. conduct a valid Agent Orange study; grapes imported into the United States Over the past 20 years: • Secured successive COLAs for from . All grapes became sus- • Boston scientists discovered a recipients of compensation and pen- pect, and tons were trashed. link between caffeine and heart dis- sions; One Oregon mother, after sending ease. • Successfully fought for improved her fifth-grade daughter to a choir fes- • A second study said the first care for ex-POWs at VA hospitals; tival with a lunch that included a few study was wrong. • Was successful in the fight to stop grapes, panicked and called out the • Research in California linked the taxation of veterans benefits; state police to chase down the bus and regular coffee to high cholesterol, but • And the list could go on and on. apprehend the lunch. The grapes in the said that caffeine wasn't the culprit. Your American Legion has been lunch were found to be perfectly safe. • Dutch researchers determined busy in the trenches, fighting for vet- During the Alar apple scare, several that boiled coffee raised cholesterol erans and their families. We have been consumers called the EPA to learn if it levels, but filtered coffee did not. doing what we were founded to do was safe to pour apple juice down the • Harvard scientists found no con- nearly 75 years ago, and we have been drain. Presumably, they were worried nection between heart problems and doing it effectively and economically. about contaminating the ground water. regular coffee, but they did link The $3.50 dues increase — the Another reason to keep cool is that decaffeinated coffee to coronary only one in 12 years, and most likely some dangers turn out less risky than artery disease. the last of this century — will allow first thought. What's the answer? Remember the the Legion to administer and improve The EPA has warned Americans rules: Be skeptical; listen to the scien- current programs, innovate as innova- that radon gas seeping into their tists; act when most of them agree tion is needed, and continue to be our homes could cause 20,000 lung can- that there's a real risk, not just nation's foremost veterans advocate cers annually. Even in a relatively because you're angry; and keep an on Capitol Hill. radon-free house, breathing the air open mind. And when the convention delegates could be as unhealthy as smoking half Then, have another cup of coffee, assemble in Pittsburgh to vote on this a pack of cigarettes per day, the but this time skip the decaffeinated. very important issue, they will be doing far more than considering the dollars involved. WIN A FREE RASCAL They will be weighing a long-term SCOOTER! investment opportunity that will reap can shop, gar- dividends for Legionnaires, needy ATTENTION VETERANS: You veterans and their families, and our den, fish or visit independently on one amazing communities — a return far out of scooter! A transportable take-apart frame and proportion to the number of dollars built-in battery charger for convenient refueling involved. make it the ideal travel companion. Go wher- And your personal support for this ever you'd like- this rugged 3-wheeler conquers nominal increase in dues will be in hills, grass and gravel. keeping with the vision of our founders, as so said eloquently by The Rascal's great for getting around at home, PNC Hanford MacNider in the early too. Enjoy meals in the kitchen, or read on the years of the Legion: patio- the swivel seat lets you get up close to "We must build this Legion of ours tables or appliances and its thick padding is com- so big and fine and strong, and keep it so clean and straight, that when we fortable even after hours of sitting. ask for certain things for the ex-ser- Ask about requirements for viceman — for the disabled man who The New Heavy Duty Veterans Administration purchases. must live through the war forever in with Big 10 Inch Wheels the homes and hospitals of this coun- !" try, and for those men who are finan- Rush my free catalog and sweepstakes entry, cially disabled — our communities i Contact me to arrange a free test ride. Rascals >n 199 f- t a will say, 'If the Legion is for it, we to get Name coupon | this and will be for it.'" catalog Address free | That, my fellow Legionnaires, is Svvee^oRe^ntrytorrn. 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AUGUST 1993 61 medical manufacturing and pharma- beginning of this," he says. ceuticals" as one alternative. And in the midst of cutbacks, the PAIN OF PEACE St. Louis, Mo., has experienced area was bailed out once again by a Continuedfrom page 25 some success with that strategy. major military contract. McDonnell At the height of the Cold War, Douglas won a contract to build 72 F- there were over 700 defense contrac- 15s for Saudi Arabia in 1992, keeping tors in the St. Louis area providing 7,500 aircraft builders at work. There are 31 metropolitan areas about 15 percent of the area's jobs, Coleman concedes that the Saudi and 41 counties across the country that according to Denny Coleman, execu- contract is a temporary reprieve. "We depend on defense spending for 20 tive director of the St. Louis County see the inevitable. We know the build- percent or more of their jobs, accord- Economic Council. down is going to come and we're try- ing to David Berteau, a deputy assis- Defense-related employment began ing to help companies go commer- tant defense secretary and chairman of to dive when airplane maker McDon- cial" so they don't go out of business, the Defense Conversion Commission. nell Douglas began a series of major he says. "Those areas are vulnerable," he says. layoffs in 1990. But not all will be hit. By mid- 1993, McDonnell Douglas EFFORTS to shift defense contrac- "If I'm Fayetteville, N.C., and Fort had eliminated 16,000 jobs in St. tors into commercial production Bragg stays open, I'm fine. But if I'm Louis and 53,000 from plants around are occurring all over the country. Charleston, S.C., and the shipyard and the country. Hughes Aircraft, for example, hopes to

the naval base close, I'm not so fine," The cutbacks began after the Navy produce electric cars. The fact that it is Berteau adds. canceled the A- 12 bomber and the Air owned by General Motors will help. Charlestonians know that. An esti- Force chose a different builder for its But for many defense contractors, mated 58,000 of them depend directly F-23. After other major contracts — making the shift will prove difficult, if on the military for their incomes, including the C-17 transport — hit not impossible. Of the big three air- according to Claire Fund, of the Tri- snags, aircraft design engineers, plane makers, for example, only one dent Economic Development Authori- machinists, managers, clerks, data — Boeing — is still making money ty. The prospect of massive defense processors and accountants lost their producing commercial aircraft, installation closures has sent local jobs, Coleman says. according to Ann Markusen, director officials scrambling in search of ways And the shock wave of McDonnell of the Project on Regional and Indus- to salvage the local economy. Douglas layoffs vibrated through trial Economics at Rutgers University. "The goal is to replace defense jobs allied industries. Subcontractors that She says Lockheed has failed and with equivalent salary jobs," Fund made parts for warplanes no longer McDonnell Douglas is faltering. says. "We're looking at high tech needed so many workers. Nor did Electric Boat recently took on a businesses that sold office supplies or project building steel holding tanks for provided lunches to defense contrac- sewage treatment, according to tors. Glueck, aide to Sen. Lieberman of m a n Coleman says a number of compa- Connecticut. The project brought in "a nies in St. Louis have been able to couple of hundred million dollars," shift from building military hardware but compared to building a submarine, RELIVE to producing products for civilian pur- "it was a drop in the bucket," he says. THE health-care equip- selling poses, including After decades of weapons to ment, pharmaceuticals and chemicals. the Defense Department, many major For example, Laser Diode Co. defense contractors are ill-prepared to GLORY shifted from manufacturing military compete in the cost-conscious world lasers to building medical lasers. And of commercial industry, say Rutgers One of the great battleships of World War II, Essex Industries used its expertise in University's Markusen. the USS NORTH CAROLINA earned 15 battle making oxygen masks for fighter air- In commercial production, compa- stars and participated in every major naval craft built by McDonnell Douglas to nies usually build a large number of offensive in the Pacific. making oxygen equipment for home items at the lowest possible cost per Visit nine decks of this highly decorated vete- health care. item. ran and see the crew's quarters, galley, sick Survival Technologies is also Nearly the opposite is true for

bay, engine room, pilot house, guns, turrets and attempting the shift. The company many defense contractors. They are

a Kingfisher float plane. became famous during the Gulf War organized to build a small number of items See our Sound and Light Spectacular, "The for manufacturing hundreds of thou- very costly, technically complex sands of "auto-injectors" for troops to for a single customer. "Cost consider- Immortal Showboat," nightly during the inject themselves with antidotes in ations are less important than perfor- summer. case of a chemical weapons attack. mance," Markusen says. The NORTH CAROLINA is open With defense dollars drying up, She says big defense contractors daily from 8:00 a.m. to sunset and we hope to Survival Technologies hopes to make have grown dependent on guaranteed see you aboard soon! auto-injection devices for heart dis- government markets, government- ease patients. funded research and development, Coleman says the ability of these limited competition and government's ORTH CAROLIN companies to move away from depen- acquiescence to cost overruns. N A dence on defense spending has helped In fact, some defense contractors cushion the impact of defense cuts for have decided not to try to shift from P.O. Box 417, Wilmington, NC 28402 St, Louis. "So far, we have done much making weapons to civilian produc- 919-251-5797 better than people anticipated at the tion. General Dynamics, which owns

62 THE AMERICAN LEGION Electric Boat and other companies that restructuring was masked by the mas- tion, she says. build weapons ranging from tanks to sive Reagan-era defense buildup. But how much the government warplanes, "has a well-publicized pol- During the 1980s, the auto indus- should do remains a subject for icy of hunkering down and waiting for try, steel, electronics and other major debate. Last year, Congress approved the military budget to rise again," manufacturing segments went though over $1 billion worth of defense con- Markusen says. General Dynamics' profound changes. Plants were closed version programs. Among the pro- strategy is to "lobby for restoration of and jobs evaporated throughout the grams are "dual-use technology" ini- weapons funding rather than taking industrial Midwest, setting off mass tiatives that encourage defense the riskier road of new, commercial migrations from the "Rustbelt." companies to build both military and production development," she says. But, while basic manufacturing suf- commercially useful products, and Given the prevailing instability in fered, defense-related industries such teacher training intended to turn mili- the national economy, reluctance to as aerospace, communications and tary personnel into civilian educators. venture into unfamiliar territory is per- electronics flourished. California pros- The practical impact of these pro- haps understandable. pered, basked in the grams, however, "is marginal," As economist Gregory Bischak Massachussets Miracle, shipbuilders Glueck says. "The real impact of explains, "Conventional wisdom has thrived, aerospace soared and the '80s defense cuts has not yet hit." long held that if federal spending on were boom years for the nation. Nevertheless, some military indus- defense was reduced, the money that "Military outlays in the 1980s were trial plants must be kept in business to went into defense would be spent in potent economic stimulus," Markusen ensure the United States can build other sectors of the economy and dis- says. Rising defense budgets poured weapons if it needs them in a war. placed defense workers would be able money into research and development, Congress continues debating which to find non-defense jobs." testing and procurement of weapons. plants are essential and how to keep But so far, conventional wisdom them in business. Lawmakers also has been wrong, Bischak says. The EVEN though a million non-defense must decide whether some essential U.S. economy is going through major manufacturing jobs were lost dur- defense capabilities might be kept restructuring and many non-defense ing the early 1980s, defense manu- alive in laboratories by researchers for businesses are making the same kind facturing added 600,000 jobs. And the less money than in plants with produc- of cuts the defense contractors are new jobs offered high pay and good tion workers. forced to make, he says. benefits, countering the erosion in The defense drawdown presents the Sears & Roebuck, the nation's middle-income jobs elsewhere in the economy with "an enormous structural largest retailer, for example, laid off economy, she says. problem that we will have to deal with 6,900 workers last year in an effort to But that era is over now. for a long time," Glueck predicts. streamline and reorganize for global Without the threat of war with the competition. Soviet Union to justify continued IBM, once renowned for never lay- weapons building, the U.S. economy ing employees off, cut its work force is left with "massive excess capacity" by 40,000 in 1992, mainly though a thoughout defense-related industries, massive early retirement program. It according to Bischak. There is 70 per- plans to cut another 25,000 this year, cent surplus capacity to build missiles, and some can expect to be laid off. for example. Aircraft production and Boeing, the world's largest com- shipbuilding are overbuilt by 30 to 40 mercial aircraft builder and the percent. nation's largest exporter, is eliminat- The same upheaval that wracked ing up to 20,000 jobs amid turbulence heavy industries and then service in aircraft sales. industries awaits the defense industry. Stamps Issued Specially In an effort to cutback on employ- Some defense companies will try to ees, many companies are trying to find a new niche there. Unfortunately, For World War II automate. Even in service industries many will fail, Glueck predicts. Soldier's Mail such as accounting, computer pro- is "It very, very difficult" for com- Now is your chance to get this historic grams enable one worker to do the panies used to building products for complete mint set of 13 flag stamps and save 52% off the regular price! Stamp collector work of two or more, consequently the Defense Department to transfer President Franklin Roosevelt's idea, the reducing the number of workers need- successfully into commercial manu- series was issued 50 years ago for letters to ed, Bischak says. facturing, he says. our soldiers overseas. The stamps honor countries invaded When automation is not the For defense workers, that is not and occupied by the enemy during World War II answer, cheaper labor may be. Ameri- good news. He says many are likely to - Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and 10 can companies have found that for- be chronically unemployed or under- more. Regular retail $6.25, yours for a spe- eign workers cost far less than Ameri- employed. cial introductory price of just $3.00 in mint fresh condition! Limit one set. You'll also cans. Thus, some companies have Markusen agrees. tolerably "No receive special collectors information and moved operations overseas. Bischak short transition is likely," she says. pricelists along with other offers on approval. says these are "deep structural It took trillions of dollars of mili- [World II Flag "j changes" that are likely to continue tary spending over nearly a half centu- War Stamps I Send $3.00 and coupon to: Mystic Stamp Co. I for several years. ry to create the current U.S. economy, Dept. B134, Camden, New York 13316 ! The U.S. economy actually has and it will take years to shift it toward I I been undergoing structural change for more commercial production, accord- I Name I I I more than a decade, according to ing to Markusen. "Strenuous and inno- 'Address | Markusen of Rutgers University. But, vative shepherding by government" |Ciry/State/Zip- she says much of the impact of will be necessary to ease the transi- 450th Bomb Gp. (H) (WWII) 22308 LST-886 17034 455th Bomb Grp. Assn. 22791 Rescue Tug Sailors Nat'l Assn (Includes Navy) 14736

459th Bomb Grp. Assn. (WWII) 15186 USCGC 83325 1 944 / FS-224 1 945 1 2674 VETS 483rd Bomb. Grp. (H) Assn. (Italy WWII) 14871 USCGC 83437 (1945) 12775 Continuedfrom page 46 485th Bomb Grp. (Venosa Italy WWII) 15052 USCGC Cyane 12473 491st Bomb. Grp. (H) (WWII) 12412 USCGC Tampa 10804 494th Bomb Grp. 10148 USS Belfast PF-35 10495 573rd Sig. Air Warning Bn. (WWII) 12404 USS Calcaterra DE-390 20971 595th (574th) SAW Bn 21464 USS Casper PF-12 10056 601 st Tac! Control Sq. (1946-50) 16826 USS Durant DE/DER-389/WDE^89 (WWII) 10824 679th Ord. Co. (WWII) 12433 USS Gen. Hugh L Scott AP-136 (WWII) 10099 98th Airdrone Sq. (WWII) 14453 703rd Ord. Co. (WWII) 12434 USS Machias PF-53, Escort Div. 33 10122

1 1 1th Tac. Recon. Sq. (WWII) 16752 813th TC Cmd. (Sedalia MO) 12748 USS Orange PF-43 1 2803

140th Army Airways Comm. Sq., Det. 45(770TH [ ;Unit) 851st Avn. Engr. Bn. 16993 USS San Pedro PF-37 14312 12729 861st Avn. Engr. Bn., A Co. (WWII) 28353 USS Van Buren PF-42 10529 301st Bomb Grp., 419th Bomb Sq. 21648 901st Engr., HQ Co. 10858 305th Bomb Grp.: 364th/365th/366th/ 442nd Sq. 904th Signal Co. Dpt. Avn. Assn. 16830 (Chelveston.Eng. WWII) 16881 931st Signal Bn. 16764 306th Bomb Grp. Assn, (1942/45) 20442 1022nd Ord. Co. (WWII) 12435 Miscellaneous

313th TC Grp., 48th TC Sq. 20695 1 107th AAFBU (Caribean Div., ATC) 12789

313th TC Grp., 47th Trp. Carrier Sq. (WWII) 28354 1117th Avn. MP Co. (CBI) 16910 100th Reunion: Army,Navy,Marines,AAF/AF (All Yrs.) 12828 316th TCSq. 14286 1508th AAFBU ATC Pacific Div. (Mills Field CA) 12715 132nd Joint Task Force (1952/53) 12783 319th Bomb Grp. 16939 1536th Ord. Co. (WWII) 12436 594th JASCO 12386

320th Bomb Grp. 10939 1537th Ord. S&M Avn Co. 1 1039 AACS Alumni Assn. 12465 323rd Air Serv. Grp., 1057th QM Co. 21889 1537th Ord. Co. (WWII) 12437 Adsvy. Team 51 , 42nd Ranger Advsr. (Bac Liew Vietnam 323rd Bomb Grp., 453rd Bomb Sq. (WWII) 10308 1539th Ord. Co. (WWII) 12438 1964) 12778 323rd Bomb Grp., 454th Bomb Sq. 20448 1 571 st AAFBU, ATC SWP (Manilla, New Guinea WWII) 1 2705 AF Space Operations Assn. (All Branches & Civilians) 323rd Bomb Grp., 455th Bomb Sq. "White Tailed Alliance AAB (NE, WWII) 12692 12197 Marauders"(WWII) 12464 ATC Accra: 8th Air Dpt. (1942/45) 12768 American Airpower Heritage Museum Symposium "A Ftr. 325th Grp."Checkertails" Assn. (WWII) 22757 ATC: Caribean (Morison Field, Fl 1945/46) 12767 Sleeping Giant Awakens" 1 2800 331st Serv. Sq. (Syria/Libya/Egypt/ltaly WWII) 10666 ATC: Eur. Div., 1400th AAFBU, Hq. Sq. (1943/46) 11762 Assn. of Gunners Mates USN/USCG 22689

345th Bomb (M) Grp., 500th Bomb Sq. (B-25's 1942/45) Cadet Class 44-F (Freeman Field, IN, 1944) 12747 Vets 1 2798

20946 Cadet Class 6, Met. Sq. A, Fit. 2 (University of CA, LA) 12757 CBI Hump Pilots Assn. 17277 347th AAFBU, HQ & HQ Sq.A (Birmingham AB, Key Field) Pilot Classes 44-H-l-J 10068 CBI Vets Assn. Of Iowa 21 736 12724 Pilot Class 45-B (Enid, OK) 12714 Christmas Island Task Force, APO 915 (Cent. PTO) 17290

348th Ftr. Grp., 340th Ftr. Sq. (WWII) 15032 Pilot Class 44-B (Columbus MS) 12726 Gitmo Bay, (1 950-Present) 22914 348th Ftr. Grp.: 341st Ftr. Sq. (WWII) 10900 Roswell A. A. Field/Walker A.F. Base-Vtrns. Assn. (All Guadalcanal Campaign Vets 17295 355th Ftr. Grp. (Steeple Morden, Eng. WWII) 16785 Persnl.1941-67) 11570 Korean Veterans(Subsidized Revisit) 21996 364th Ftr. Grp. & Spt. Units (Honington, Eng. WWII) 15153 Korean War Veterans Assn. - Eddie Lyons Chapter of Fl. 366th Ftr. Grp. 16988 17246 367th Ftr. Grp. (WWII) 15044 Korean War Vets Assn.: Dutch Nelson Chpter. 12759 376th Serv. Sq. 12158 Marines National Order of Battlefield Commissions 17284 385th Bombardment Grp. Memorial Assn. 16893

387th Bomb Grp., 557th Bomb Sq. (M) 12760 1st Mar. Div., 5th Rgt., 2nd Bn., E Co. (Korea 1950/54) 10361 390th Bomb Grp., 878th Chem. Warfare Co. (WWII) 16924 1st Mar. Div., 1st Rgt., 3rd Bn., G Co. (Korea) 20102 413th Air Serv. Grp. (Chelveston, Eng. WWII) 26002 1st Mar. Div., 5th Rgt., 1st Bn., C Co. (Hsin Ho, China 435th TC Grp., HQ (WWII) 16996 1946/47) 14814 435th TC Grp., 78th TC Sq. (WWII) 20336 1st Mar. Div., Hq Bn, Service Co 13855 439th TC Grp., 93rd TC Sq. (WWII) 15030 2nd Arm'd Amphib. Bn. (WWII) 17197 LIFE MEMBERSHIPS 442nd TC Grp (WWII) 16933 2nd Mar. Div. Assn. 10839 3rd Amphib. Corps Signal Bn., B Co. (WWII) 17106 Life Membership notices are published for legion- 3rd Barrage Balloon Sq. (WWII) 12466 naires who have been awarded Life Memberships by their 3rd Rgt., 2nd Bn, G Co. (1966/69) 11022 posts. 3rd Rgt., 3rd Bn. "Stormy Sextons" Assn. (1961/62) 10550 Life membership notices must be submitted on official 4th Amph. Tractor Bn. (WWII) 17218 forms which may be obtained by sending a self- 4th Mar. Div. Assn. (WWII) "The Fighting Fourth" 17223 addressed, stamped envelope to: Life Memberships, The 5th Field/Service Depot (Guam WWII) 17186 American Legion Magazine, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis 5th/14th Defense Bns. & 14th AAA & 3rd BBS - (WWII) 10230 IN 46206. 7th AAA Bn. 22352 I I 'A Norris Post Atmore, J 7th Defense AAA Bn 22926 Raymond E. (1991) 90, AL M 7th Mar. Div, 1st Bn. 21247 William C. Clement (1991), Douglas T. Jacobson

9th Rgt, 3rd Bn, I Co. (WWII) 10439 (1993) Post 11, Arcadia, FL 9th Rgt, 1st Bn, C CO. (WWII) 23047 Sal Farrari, Ralph Stockton, Melvin O. Warriner (1988), 22nd Rgt. Assn. 12475 James Kesman, Jasper C. Tromp (1990), Jack L. itler's trail to glory Boot Camp Pit. 3074, San Diego 1968 12761 Moore (1991), Lother Perignon (1992) Post 13, China Marines Assn. 17183 Plainfield. IL John Chadderdon, Douglas S. Gotcher was blazed by MAG-15(WWII) 17158 (1 993) Post 47, Chicago, IL Panzers. In Polana, H Mar. Det.: USS Huntington CL-107 10796 Kenneth Kurowski (1993) Post 62, Bridgeport, IL Western Europe, North Marine 8th Def. Bn./AAA Bn (WWII) 22846 Duane R. Millheam (1992) Post 332, Rockton, IL Air Traffic Control Assn. 22388 Milford P. Hubbard, Robert E. Napier Post 122, Africa and Russia, they Marine (1992) Marine Barracks, Klamath Falls (Including Navy Med. Unit) Liberty, IN repeatedly overcame enor- 12722 John Stute (1983), Stanley "Stump" Carlson, Joe mous odds by combining Marine Corps Tankers Assn. 17156 LeGrande (1988) Post 235, Milan, IN radio communications, Marine Corps Mustang Assn. (Active Duty, Reserve & Frederick A. Page (1993) Post 224, Easthampton, MA Veterans) 17209 Robert A. Fairbairn III (1993) Post 259, Tewksbury, tanks and Stuka dive- Marine Raider Assn. 10671 MA William A. Siepierski (1966), Raph M. Bakes, bombers to wage Blitzkrieg. Marines (1941/45) 10342 Herbert F. Ewing, Richard M. Sladeski (1985), Now you can take an inside SATS Launch & Recovery 12712 Richard T. Cavanaugh (1991) Post 351, Holyoke, MA US Marine Raider Assn. 17105 John C. Mikelis, John R. Strycharz (1993) Post 454, look at the tank battles of VMF (N) 541 (Bateye Sq) 17165 Westfield, MA WWII. To avenge the humili- VMF-124(WWII) 17111 James Cloney, Hollis Haskins (1983), Joseph Tokarz ation of Stalingrad Hitler set up the greatest tank VMF-312 (WWII, 50th Annvsy.) 12450 (1986), Norman Bohanon (1987), Donald E. Cole Jr. VMR-353 20277 (1991) Post 3, Calais, ME battle in history-Operation Citadel. But he never VMSB-333 14471 Austin M. Deane, Linwood G. Flanders (1993) Post knew about the Soviet T-34, built in half the time of VMTB-242 (WWII) 17193 119, Guilford, ME

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THE AMERICAN LEGION Classified

SEND ADVERTISING COPY All classified advertising is payable in advance by AND REMITTANCE TO: check or money order. Please make remittance payable to 'The American Legion Magazine." RATES: Eileen Hennessy $15 per word. Count street addresses and box The American Legion Magazine numbers as two words; all city, state and zip codes as c/o Fox Associates, Inc. three words. GUARANTEED CIRCULATION: 116W. Kinzie Street 2,900,000 per month. DEADLINE: Advertising copy SAVE Up To 40% Chicago, IL 60601 must be received 60 days before cover date of issue desired. All advertisements are accepted at the Build It Yourself (312)644-3888 discretion of the publisher. y^Sv 16x32 25x40 FAX (312) 644-8718 30x48 60x140 f \ a-EELnias-Ea 800-888-4606

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AUGUST 1993 67 Parting shots

Mommy Dearest Three elderly women were sitting together on a bench in the park, each boasting of their sons' devotion. The first woman said, "For my birthday last year, my son threw a huge party for me. Catered by the fan- ciest restaurant in town. He even paid to fly in my friends from around the country." The second woman said, "Nice, but for my 75th birthday, my son gave me an all-expenses paid cruise around the world. First class." The third woman said, "Very nice, but for five years now my son has been going to a psychiatrist. Four times a week he sees the guy. Pays him $150 an hour. And the whole time he talks about nothing but me."

Roundabout Humor Billy Bob: "How often do you rotate your tires?" Bang-Up Birthday Car Talk Ray Bob: "Heck, every time I Iraq had a giant parade for Saddam These new talking cars are amaz- drive, I guess." Hussein to celebrate his 56th birthday. ing. A voice out of nowhere says Apparently it got a little embarrassing, things such as, "Your door is ajar." Dry Wit though. When somebody set off some But why don't they say something Customer: "Can you clean these firecrackers, the entire Iraqi army tried really useful like, "There's a state pants?" to surrender. trooper hiding behind that bush." Dry cleaner: "Well, Ma'am, these pants are satin." Escaping Education Black Thumb Customer: "I know that! I want you it I in!" Every year it's the same. The Said a frustrated home gardener, to remove whatever was sat school term ends, and everyone runs "I've killed so many plants, the flower out of the building screaming with joy. pots are forming support groups." You'd think teachers would behave a little better. Mad Ads Here's some newspaper ads that Disunion needed a little editing: • Lost: One small apricot poodle. Two women overheard at a class the family. reunion. Neutered. Like one of • superb inexpensive restau- Karen: "Do any of these guys make A and served you wish you were single again?" rant. Fine foods expertly by in appetizing forms. Cindy: "Definitely." waitresses • Karen: "Which one?" Dinner Special — $2.35: Children Cindy: "My husband." Chicken or Beef $2.25; $2. • For sale: antique desk suitable for lady with thick legs and large drawers. Funny Fungi • For sale: a quilted high chair that According to an article in Science can be made into a table, pottie chair, magazine, humans and mushrooms rocking horse, refrigerator, spring may have evolved from the same coat, size 8 and fur collar. species of fungus — which would • We do not tear your clothing with explain a lot of things, from athlete's machinery. We do it carefully by foot to Pete Rose's haircut. hand. "Any other training besides potty?

68 AUGUST 1993 America's ^ Southwest Watch

Direct from America's Southwest with Handcrafted Solid Sterling Silver, by American Silversmiths

Ladies Watch enlarged to show detail USA

The handcrafting of Sterling Silver jewelry is Five Year Limited Warranty a tradition spanning a hundred and fifty years 1 in the American Southwest. It has a style and ORDER FORM !r MailT-,7To: romance completely unique unto itself. Native USA Please Mail by of jewelry is individually hand- P.O. Box 80690, Dept. W-TC Each piece August 31, 1993 Albuquerque, N.M. 87198 crafted, making the American Southwest Free 1-800-821-9226, Watch truly a Limited Offer. ^ Or Call Toll For Credit Card Orders Only The Southwest watchband tips are (Visa, MC, Discover) (24 hours a day, 7 days a week) handcrafted in SOLID STERLING SILVER and PLEASE CHECK BOX A OR B.

set with exquisite genuine Sleeping Beauty A- 1 I I NEED SEND NO MONEY NOW! Please bill me in, three

1 1 Turquoise and rare Oxblood Coral. The equal installments of just: (Ladies' $23.), (Men's $33.) with the first installment amount plus $3.95 shipping watchband tips are then meticulously matched and handling per watch, due prior to shipment. to a silver and gold tone casing, with an O.l 1 SAVE $3.95 PER WATCH NOW! Enclosed is my payment

enhanced turquoise color face, precision I I in full (Ladies' $69. each), (Men's $99. each). I wish to quartz movement, sweep second hand, and SAVE $3.95 shipping and handling charge per watch by paying for my order in full now. an adjustable expandable band. Just $69.00 Please check the watch or watches you wish to order: Ladies', $99.00 Men's, payable in monthly Ladies': Quantity Men's: Quantity installments. | |

Enclosed is my Check or Money Order You now have the American Southwest I |

Watch. Enjoy! CHARGE IT: Visa MasterCard Discover

NA TIVE USA 30 DA Y RETURN GUARANTEE ACCOUNT I EXP DATE If you're not completely satisfied with your purchase, Signature you may return it within 30 days of your receipt of i SUBJECT TO ACCEPTANCE purchase for replacement, or a prompt and full refund.

Phone i All orders will be processed promptly and notification

will be sent in case of delay. ill Name . Men's Watch PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY NATIVE USA 3010 Central Ave. S.E. shown actual size )t.# Albuquerque, N.M. 87106

FIRST TIME DIRECT FROM AMERICA'S SOUTHWEST AL-080193 HABAND 100 Fairview Ave., Prospect Park, N.J. O7530 comfort Send me WHAT WHAT HOW 7A2 -0C9 WA1ST? INSEAM? pairs. I enclose B KHAKI C ROYAL price purchase J JADE oe plus «3.95 for P PLUM postage/hdling. T BLACK Slacks Check Discover Card DVisa DMC

CITY & STATE 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed or Full Refund of Purchase Price Any Tin

Full S-t-r-e-t-c-h Waist! Wear them with a belt or without; either way, you'll love the comfort!

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*Big Men's: Add S 2 . 50 per pair for 46-48-50-52-54. Inseams: S(2^-28); M(29-30); L(31-32); XL(33-34).

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