Dracaena in West Africa
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Flavonoids and Stilbenoids of the Genera Dracaena and Sansevieria: Structures and Bioactivities
molecules Review Flavonoids and Stilbenoids of the Genera Dracaena and Sansevieria: Structures and Bioactivities Zaw Min Thu 1,* , Ko Ko Myo 1, Hnin Thanda Aung 2, Chabaco Armijos 3,* and Giovanni Vidari 4,* 1 Department of Chemistry, Kalay University, Kalay 03044, Sagaing Region, Myanmar; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Mandalay, Mandalay 100103, Myanmar; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador 4 Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq * Correspondence: [email protected] (Z.M.T.); [email protected] (C.A.); [email protected] (G.V.) Received: 18 May 2020; Accepted: 2 June 2020; Published: 3 June 2020 Abstract: The genera Dracaena and Sansevieria (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae) are still poorly resolved phylogenetically. Plants of these genera are commonly distributed in Africa, China, Southeast Asia, and America. Most of them are cultivated for ornamental and medicinal purposes and are used in various traditional medicines due to the wide range of ethnopharmacological properties. Extensive in vivo and in vitro tests have been carried out to prove the ethnopharmacological claims and other bioactivities. These investigations have been accompanied by the isolation and identification of hundreds of phytochemical constituents. The most characteristic metabolites are steroids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and saponins; many of them exhibit potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities. This review highlights the structures and bioactivities of flavonoids and stilbenoids isolated from Dracaena and Sansevieria. Keywords: Dracaena; Sansevieria; biological/pharmacological activities; flavonoids; stilbenoids 1. Introduction The taxonomic boundaries of the dracaenoid genera Dracaena and Sansevieria have long been debated. -
The Central African Republic Diamond Database—A Geodatabase of Archival Diamond Occurrences and Areas of Recent Artisanal and Small-Scale Diamond Mining
Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development under the auspices of the U.S. Department of State The Central African Republic Diamond Database—A Geodatabase of Archival Diamond Occurrences and Areas of Recent Artisanal and Small-Scale Diamond Mining Open-File Report 2018–1088 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. The main road west of Bambari toward Bria and the Mouka-Ouadda plateau, Central African Republic, 2006. Photograph by Peter Chirico, U.S. Geological Survey. The Central African Republic Diamond Database—A Geodatabase of Archival Diamond Occurrences and Areas of Recent Artisanal and Small-Scale Diamond Mining By Jessica D. DeWitt, Peter G. Chirico, Sarah E. Bergstresser, and Inga E. Clark Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development under the auspices of the U.S. Department of State Open-File Report 2018–1088 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior RYAN K. ZINKE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey James F. Reilly II, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2018 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. -
Ecological Report on Magombera Forest
Ecological Report on Magombera Forest Andrew R. Marshall (COMMISSIONED BY WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE TANZANIA PROGRAMME OFFICE) Feb 2008 2 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms 3 Acknowledgements 4 Executive Summary 5 Background 5 Aim and Objectives 5 Findings 6 Recommendations 7 Introduction 9 Tropical Forests 9 Magombera Location and Habitat 9 Previous Ecological Surveys 10 Management and Conservation History 11 Importance of Monitoring 14 Aim and Objectives 15 Methods 15 Threats 17 Forest Structure 17 Key Species 18 Forest Restoration 20 Results and Discussion 21 Threats 21 Forest Structure 25 Key Species 26 Forest Restoration 36 Recommendations 37 Immediate Priorities 38 Short-Term Priorities 40 Long-Term Priorities 41 References 44 Appendices 49 Appendix 1. Ministry letter of support for the increased conservation of Magombera forest 49 Appendix 2. Datasheets 50 Appendix 3. List of large trees in Magombera Forest plots 55 Appendix 4. Slides used to present ecological findings to villages 58 Appendix 5. Photographs from village workshops 64 3 Abbreviations and Acronyms CEPF Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund CITES Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources TAZARA Tanzania-Zambia Railroad UFP Udzungwa Forest Project UMNP Udzungwa Mountains National Park WWF-TPO Worldwide Fund for Nature – Tanzania Programme Office 4 Acknowledgements Thanks to all of the following individuals and institutions: - CEPF for 2007 funds for fieldwork and report -
Central African Rep.: Sub-Prefectures 09 Jun 2015
Central African Rep.: Sub-Prefectures 09 Jun 2015 NIGERIA Maroua SUDAN Birao Birao Abyei REP. OF Garoua CHAD Ouanda-Djallé Ouanda-Djalle Ndélé Ndele Ouadda Ouadda Kabo Bamingui SOUTH Markounda Kabo Ngaounday Bamingui SUDAN Markounda CAMEROON Djakon Mbodo Dompta Batangafo Yalinga Goundjel Ndip Ngaoundaye Boguila Batangafo Belel Yamba Paoua Nangha Kaga-Bandoro Digou Bocaranga Nana-Bakassa Borgop Yarmbang Boguila Mbrès Nyambaka Adamou Djohong Ouro-Adde Koui Nana-Bakassa Kaga-Bandoro Dakere Babongo Ngaoui Koui Mboula Mbarang Fada Djohong Garga Pela Bocaranga MbrÞs Bria Djéma Ngam Bigoro Garga Bria Meiganga Alhamdou Bouca Bakala Ippy Yalinga Simi Libona Ngazi Meidougou Bagodo Bozoum Dekoa Goro Ippy Dir Kounde Gadi Lokoti Bozoum Bouca Gbatoua Gbatoua Bakala Foulbe Dékoa Godole Mala Mbale Bossangoa Djema Bindiba Dang Mbonga Bouar Gado Bossemtélé Rafai Patou Garoua-BoulaiBadzere Baboua Bouar Mborguene Baoro Sibut Grimari Bambari Bakouma Yokosire Baboua Bossemptele Sibut Grimari Betare Mombal Bogangolo Bambari Ndokayo Nandoungue Yaloké Bakouma Oya Zémio Sodenou Zembe Baoro Bogangolo Obo Bambouti Ndanga Abba Yaloke Obo Borongo Bossembele Ndjoukou Bambouti Woumbou Mingala Gandima Garga Abba Bossembélé Djoukou Guiwa Sarali Ouli Tocktoyo Mingala Kouango Alindao Yangamo Carnot Damara Kouango Bangassou Rafa´ Zemio Zémio Samba Kette Gadzi Boali Damara Alindao Roma Carnot Boulembe Mboumama Bedobo Amada-Gaza Gadzi Bangassou Adinkol Boubara Amada-Gaza Boganangone Boali Gambo Mandjou Boganangone Kembe Gbakim Gamboula Zangba Gambo Belebina Bombe Kembé Ouango -
MINUSCA T a Ou M L B U a a O L H R a R S H Birao E a L April 2016 R B Al Fifi 'A 10 H R 10 ° a a ° B B C H a VAKAGA R I CHAD
14° 16° 18° 20° 22° 24° 26° ZAMBIA Am Timan é Aoukal SUDAN MINUSCA t a ou m l B u a a O l h a r r S h Birao e a l April 2016 r B Al Fifi 'A 10 h r 10 ° a a ° B b C h a VAKAGA r i CHAD Sarh Garba The boundaries and names shown ouk ahr A Ouanda and the designations used on this B Djallé map do not imply official endorsement Doba HQ Sector Center or acceptance by the United Nations. CENTRAL AFRICAN Sam Ouandja Ndélé K REPUBLIC Maïkouma PAKISTAN o t t SOUTH BAMINGUI HQ Sector East o BANGORAN 8 BANGLADESH Kaouadja 8° ° SUDAN Goré i MOROCCO u a g n i n i Kabo n BANGLADESH i V i u HAUTE-KOTTO b b g BENIN i Markounda i Bamingui n r r i Sector G Batangafo G PAKISTAN m Paoua a CAMBODIA HQ Sector West B EAST CAMEROON Kaga Bandoro Yangalia RWANDA CENTRAL AFRICAN BANGLADESH m a NANA Mbrès h OUAKA REPUBLIC OUHAM u GRÉBIZI HAUT- O ka Bria Yalinga Bossangoa o NIGER -PENDÉ a k MBOMOU Bouca u n Dékoa MAURITANIA i O h Bozoum C FPU CAMEROON 1 OUHAM Ippy i 6 BURUNDI Sector r Djéma 6 ° a ° Bambari b ra Bouar CENTER M Ouar Baoro Sector Sibut Baboua Grimari Bakouma NANA-MAMBÉRÉ KÉMO- BASSE MBOMOU M WEST Obo a Yaloke KOTTO m Bossembélé GRIBINGUI M b angúi bo er ub FPU BURUNDI 1 mo e OMBELLA-MPOKOYaloke Zémio u O Rafaï Boali Kouango Carnot L Bangassou o FPU BURUNDI 2 MAMBÉRÉ b a y -KADEI CONGO e Bangui Boda FPU CAMEROON 2 Berberati Ouango JTB Joint Task Force Bangui LOBAYE i Gamboula FORCE HQ FPU CONGO Miltary Observer Position 4 Kade HQ EGYPT 4° ° Mbaïki Uele National Capital SANGHA Bondo Mongoumba JTB INDONESIA FPU MAURITANIA Préfecture Capital Yokadouma Tomori Nola Town, Village DEMOCRATICDEMOCRATIC Major Airport MBAÉRÉ UNPOL PAKISTAN PSU RWANDA REPUBLICREPUBLIC International Boundary Salo i Titule g Undetermined Boundary* CONGO n EGYPT PERU OFOF THE THE CONGO CONGO a FPU RWANDA 1 a Préfecture Boundary h b g CAMEROON U Buta n GABON SENEGAL a gala FPU RWANDA 2 S n o M * Final boundary between the Republic RWANDA SERBIA Bumba of the Sudan and the Republic of South 0 50 100 150 200 250 km FPU SENEGAL Sudan has not yet been determined. -
Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. -
Security Sector Reform in the Central African Republic
Security Sector Reform in the Central African Republic: Challenges and Priorities High-level dialogue on building support for key SSR priorities in the Central African Republic, 21-22 June 2016 Cover Photo: High-level dialogue on SSR in the CAR at the United Nations headquarters on 21 June 2016. Panellists in the center of the photograph from left to right: Adedeji Ebo, Chief, SSRU/OROLSI/DPKO; Jean Willybiro-Sako, Special Minister-Counsellor to the President of the Central African Republic for DDR/SSR and National Reconciliation; Miroslav Lajčák, Minister of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic; Joseph Yakété, Minister of Defence of Central African Republic; Mr. Parfait Onanga-Anyanga, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for the Central African Republic and Head of MINUSCA. Photo: Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic The report was produced by the Security Sector Reform Unit, Office of Rule of Law and Security Institutions, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, United Nations. © United Nations Security Sector Reform Unit, 2016 Map of the Central African Republic 14° 16° 18° 20° 22° 24° 26° AmAm Timan Timan The boundaries and names shown and the designations é oukal used on this map do not implay official endorsement or CENTRAL AFRICAN A acceptance by the United Nations. t a SUDAN lou REPUBLIC m u B a a l O h a r r S h Birao e a l r B Al Fifi 'A 10 10 h r ° a a ° B b C h a VAKAGA r i CHAD Sarh k Garba Sarh Bahr Aou CENTRAL Ouanda AFRICAN Djallé REPUBLIC Doba BAMINGUI-BANGORAN Sam -
Rapport De La Mission D'intervention a Yalinga Prefecture De La Haute-Kotto Fevrier 2020
« TOUCHING THE WORLD » Vision to Change the World International SICA 1, Rue Fodem, Bangui, République of Central Afrique [email protected] / [email protected] (+236) 72 42 33 60 / (+236) 72 86 02 96 RAPPORT DE LA MISSION D’INTERVENTION A YALINGA PREFECTURE DE LA HAUTE-KOTTO FEVRIER 2020 SOMMAIRE 1- Remerciements 2- Contexte et justification 3- Déroulement de la mission 4- Situation géographique de Yalinga 5- Les activités réalisées En santé En nutrition En WASH Situation des FOSA Situation des réfugiés soudanais à Yalinga 6- Difficultés rencontrées 7- Recommandations 8- Annexes- photos REMERCIEMENTS L’équipe du programme de l’organisation Vision To Change the World (VCW), remercie du fond du cœur tous les partenaires qui ont contribué à l’organisation et à l’exécution de cette mission d’intervention à Yalinga, en l’occurrence : la OCHA, Docteur Richard FOTSING, cluster santé, monsieur Armand KOUKA, cluster WASH, les autorités administratives de la Haute Kotto, tous les partenaires qui interviennent dans la Haute Kotto, sans oublier la population de la sous-préfecture de Yalinga pour leur accueil chaleureux. Nous remercions particulièrement monsieur Ali DAWOUD du sous bureau OCHA de Bria pour l’accueil, l’hébergement et les précieuses orientations qui nous ont permis de réussir la mission. Merci également au Dr Jean Mathias AMADOU le Médecin Chef du district sanitaire de la Haute Kotto et au Docteur Arsène KONZELO de l’OMS Bria. Merci aussi aux responsables des jeunes relais communautaires de Bria : Assane, Bashir et Francis pour leur disponibilité et leur soutien à l’équipe de la mission. Vos apports multiformes ont été précieux à la réussite de cette mission. -
Study on Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Methanol Extract of Dracaena Spicata
Study on Antimicrobial and Cytotoxicity Activity of Methanol Extract of Dracaena spicata A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY, EAST WEST UNIVERSITY IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF PHARMACY Submitted By Fatema Jannat ID: 2013-1-70-042 Department of Pharmacy East West University Department of Pharmacy East West University i Study on Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic activities of Methanol Extract of Dracaena spicata Declaration by the Research Candidate I, Fatema Jannat, hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “Study on Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic activity of Methanol Extract of Dracaena spicata” submitted by me to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree Bachelor of Pharmacy is a complete record of original research work carried out by me during 2016, under the supervision and guidance of Ms Nazia Hoque, Assistant professor, Department of Pharmacy, East West University and the thesis has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree/diploma/fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any university. ________________________ Fatema Jannat ID# 2013-1-70-042 Department of Pharmacy East West University ii Study on Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic activities of Methanol Extract of Dracaena spicata Certificate by the Supervisor This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Study on Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic activity of Methanol Extract of Dracaena spicata” submitted to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of pharmacy was carried out by Fatema Jannat, ID# 2013-1-70-042 in 2016, under the supervision and guidance of me. -
“Anti-Microbial and Thrombolytic Activities of Different Solvent Extracts of Dracaena Spicata”
“Anti-microbial and Thrombolytic activities of different solvent extracts of Dracaena spicata” A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY, EAST WEST UNIVERSITY IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF PHARMACY Submitted By Afruja Sultana ID: 2016-3-79-009 Department of Pharmacy East West University Declaration by the Research Candidate I, Afruja Sultana, hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “Anti-microbial amd Thrombolytic activities of different solvent extracts of Dracaena spicata” submitted by me to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree Masters of Pharmacy is a complete record of original research work carried out by me during 2016-2017, under the supervision and guidance of Nazia Hoque, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, East West University and the thesis has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree/diploma/fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any university. _____________________________ Afruja Sultana ID# 2016-3-79-009 Department of Pharmacy East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Certificate by the Supervisor This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Anti-microbial amd Thrombolytic activities of different solvent extracts of Dracaena spicata” submitted to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Pharmacy was carried out by Afruja Sultana, ID# 2016-3-79-009 in 2017, under the supervision and guidance of me. The thesis has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree/diploma/fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any university. -
Ethnobotany Survey and Uses of Plants in the Lewoh- Lebang Communities in the Lebialem Highlands, South West Region, Cameroon
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 6(5), pp. 855-865, 9 February, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.1494 ISSN 1996-0875 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Ethnobotany survey and uses of plants in the Lewoh- Lebang communities in the Lebialem highlands, South West Region, Cameroon Fonge B. A.1*, Egbe E. A.1, Fongod A. G. N.1, Focho D. A.2, Tchetcha D. J.1, Nkembi L.3 and Tacham W. N.2 1Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Buea, Cameroon. 2Department of Plant Biology, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon. 3Environment and Rural Development Foundation, (ERuDeF), Buea, Cameroon. Accepted 5 December, 2011 Ethnobotanical investigations were conducted in four Lewoh-Lebang villages (Attuleh, Leleng, Mbindia and Nyitebong) in Lebialem Division, Southwest Region of Cameroon to identify the different plants used in traditional pharmacopoeia for the treatment of human diseases and also to find out other uses of plants in this community. Ethnobotanical information was collected randomly using semi- structured questionnaires and open-ended discussion with male, female and traditional healers, using different age groups. A total of 108 respondents were interviewed and (56%) were male with age ≥55 years. Thirty (30) medicinal plants belonging to 21 families were identified and documented. Guarea thompsonii, Schefflera hierniana and Cyclomorpha solmsii are endemic/vulnerable species. 21 diseases were cured using 30 species with rheumatism being the most frequent ailment and the bark was the most frequently used plant part. 13 species were used as fuel wood, five for fencing, eleven as timber and fifteen for cultural activities. -
Central African Republic
World Health Organization Humanitarian Response Plans in 2015 Central African Republic The political crisis and ensuing violence that started in 2013 continue to have significant humanitarian consequences in the Central African Republic. There has been a slight improvement in the security situation in Bangui and western areas of the country, but it remains extremely volatile in both rural and urban areas. The number of internally displaced people (IDPs) has reduced since its peak in January 2014 but there are still some 438 538 IDPs (some in new sites) and an increasing number of refugees—424 707—in neighbouring countries. More than 30% of the population suffer from food insecurity and do not have Baseline indicators Estimate access to safe water and sanitation facilities. Nearly half of the country’s 4.6 Human development index1 2013 185/187 million inhabitants depend on humanitarian assistance for one or more of their Population in urban areas% 2012 39 basic needs. The crisis in the Central African Republic was declared a Grade 3 2012 emergency in December 2013. Population using improved 68 water source% Population using improved 2012 22 sanitation% Health Sector Situation Life expectancy at birth (years) 2012 51 Insecurity, funding gaps and the huge scale of humanitarian needs continues Infant mortality rate / 10002 2013 96 to hamper the work of WHO and all other health sector partners. In the Under 5 mortality rate / 10002 2013 139 first nine months of 2014, access to basic services improved, mainly in Bangui Maternal mortality ratio / and surrounding districts. But the provision of advanced health services for 2 2013 880 100 000 life threatening conditions is still weak due to the lack of health workers and Measles coverage among one 2013 25 year old’s% medical equipment and the looting of supplies.