Using the CS-Pinyin

Keyman 6 Input Method Extension for Simplified Chinese

Overview The Simplified Chinese input method extension (IMX) for Tavultesoft Keyman 6 provides an innovative input mapping solution entering Chinese characters into Windows applications. Principal features are: • Input mapping using Pinyin (with optional entry of tone digits), Radical/Rest Stroke Count (RAD- RSC) or the Four Corner Index lookup method (FCI). • Mapping for more than 100,000 single character and multi-character (binome/polynome) input sequences (approximately 65,000 Pinyin, 20,000 RAD-RSC and 20,000 FCI). • Entries for commonly used province and city abbreviations, Chinese family names, and for personal and place names transliterated from English. • Full-width and half-width forms for most punctuation characters. • Vertical or horizontal IMX window, tracking the cursor where supported by applications. • Wild-card matching of incompletely known input strings. • Fast character selection using keyboard or keypad numerals, or using the function keys, with alternative (accented pinyin or combined) output modes available when function key selection is used. Character selection using the mouse is also supported. • Easy selection of individual characters from familiar (pinyin) multi-character strings. • Direct entry of Plane 0 and supplementary plane Unicode values to select characters for which the pinyin transliteration is unknown or not included in the IMX tables. • User configurable window and selection options.

The standard Simplified Chinese IMX (CS-Pinyin) can only be used with registered copies of Tavultesoft Keyman 6, but the demonstration version (CS-Pinyin Demo) that can be used with any registered or unregistered version of Tavultesoft Keyman 6. The demonstration version has Pinyin and RAD-RSC input mapping for about 5,000 commonly used characters, multi-character words and place- name abbreviations.

Installation The minimum recommended configuration for using the Simplified Chinese IMX is Windows 2000 1 or Windows XP on a 500MHZ Pentium 2 (equivalent or faster) machine with at least 64 MB memory 3. The IMX has been configured to use the widely available font SimSun 4 for its character display, but documents may use any Simplified Chinese Unicode font. Tavultesoft Keyman 6 (available by download from http://www.tavultesoft.com/keyman/downloads/ ) must be installed first, after which clicking on the package file name will automatically install the Simplified Keyman keyboard layout and input method extension. Any older versions should be uninstalled before installing a new version.

1 Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows 98 are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. 2 Pentium is a trademark of Intel Corporation. 3 The IMX can be used with older versions of Windows (e.g. Windows 98) with some Unicode-aware applications such as Wordpad, but has been designed and tested for use with Windows XP, and support is not available for use with older versions. 4 The font SimSun is included with all recent versions of Microsoft Windows, but support for east Asian languages may need to be enabled for the font to be installed.

User instructions The keyboard is enabled from the Keyman popup menu, or by using the hot-key Ctrl-Alt-S. (The hotkey can be re-assigned and configured as "Enable Chinese Keyboard" or "Toggle Chinese Keyboard On/Off" as appropriate, using Keyman Configuration.) The following instructions describe use with default configuration options (for which tone digits are never typed, and selection uses the keyboard numerals). There are many other ways the IMX may be used, which will be discussed later. When any letter that starts a pinyin syllable or word is entered, the IMX window will be displayed, with the letter shown in the input area (the upper left blank grey area) of the IMX window:

As soon as the typed string matches the pinyin for one or more Han characters, a selection of up to 9 characters 5 will be displayed:

If more than 9 Han characters match the entered string, black arrowheads will be shown (as in the above example) indicating that there are more characters, and you can press PageDown (or PageUp ), or click on the arrowhead hot-spots , to scroll through the entire list of matching characters. Pressing the cursor movement keys (left/right or up/down) will scroll the display by one cell. To insert a displayed character, either click on the cell, or press the key for the index number shown at the top left of the cell. Pressing space will always insert the character from the first (left most, or top) cell. Pressing Backspace deletes entered characters in the usual way, and will also close the IMX window if the first character of the entered string is deleted. Pressing Esc whenever the IMX window is displayed cancels the IMX input method selection and closes the IMX window. Using the mouse or otherwise moving the input focus to any other window or application also cancels IMX input. The characters are ordered by frequency, ignoring tone, with the most commonly used characters being shown first. However, entering the (optional) tone digit can make it much faster to locate the wanted character, for example:

Entering strings for multi-character sequences Multi-character sequences are entered in exactly the same way. As soon as a complete syllable has been entered, if further characters are typed, the display will then show (all) words that start with the string so far entered, for example:

As for single characters, entering the optional tone character can be an effective way of limiting the displayed selection, making it faster to choose the required word.

5 Up to 12 characters may be shown if function keys are being used for selection. See Configuration Options.

Using Radical-Rest Stroke Count (RAD-RSC) Input Mapping The CS-Pinyin input method extension recognizes a much larger list of single characters for use with RAD-RSC input than those listed with pinyin equivalents, as in many cases readers will not necessarily know the pinyin for a given character. To display and select from the characters that match a given Radical/Rest Stroke Count sequence, enter $ followed by the RAD-RSC sequence, for example:

If a radical number is not known, the number of strokes of the radical in question can be entered instead, followed by a questionmark. For example, to show all radicals with 1 stroke, enter $1? :

or, to show the radicals with 7 strokes, enter $7? :

Radicals for which the stroke count may vary are listed under both counts. Radicals with more than 10 strokes can be shown are referred to by entering $10+? . The reference numbers used for radicals are those of the Unicode Standard, which lists simplified radicals, irrespective of the stroke count, under the same number as their traditional counterparts but with a single quote (apostrophe) added, for example:

Using Four-Corner Index (FCI) Input Mapping Similarly, to display and select from the characters that have a given Four-Corner Index value, enter # followed by the FCI number:

For a detailed explanation of how to use the Four Corner Index method, please read the separate document "The Four Corner Index Lookup Method" (installed to the Start menu with the full version of the CS-Pinyin input method extension).

Positioning and resizing the IMX window When cursor tracking is disabled, the IMX window may be dragged to any convenient part of the screen using the logo ㅔㅔㅔ character or any part of the outer (grey) window except the hot-spots . If a smaller IMX window is wanted, drag the right edge of the window (if a horizontal display) or bottom edge (if a vertical display), to reduce the number of cells shown:

The IMX window size may similarly be increased to show up to 9 cells (with numeral key selection) or 12 cells (function key selection). The IMX window size and position (unless tracking) will be remembered and used to position the window when it is next opened.

User settings Use of the IMX can be customized in many different ways, either with the configuration dialog, or, for some options, by clicking on hot-spots on the IMX window. Pressing the configuration hotkey combination Ctrl Shift Accent (the accent key is also called grave, or back quote), or clicking the circled star in the IMX window, closes the IMX window (if open) and causes the configuration dialog to be displayed:

Each option is described below. If more than one IMX keyboard has been installed, Display options are set globally and apply to all keyboards, while Active keyboard options only apply to the keyboard in use.

Display options Input matching By default, with Input matching set to First syllable , the IMX only displays those characters for which the entire first pinyin syllable has been fully entered, apart from a final (optionally entered) tone digit. Sometimes it is convenient to see all possible characters (or words) that start with the entered string. There are two ways to change the display mode to show all characters for which the typed pinyin matches the start of the full transliteration. Selecting Start of string in the Input matching section of the configuration dialog will make this the default display mode, while pressing the wild-card character * will change input matching to the "match start of string" display mode only until the next character is typed. Orientation The orientation of the IMX window may be changed from horizontal to vertical (or vice-versa) either using the Orientation buttons in the configuration dialog, or by clicking the circled bar shown in the IMX window (when it will change to ). With a vertical IMX window, the width of the IMX window will automatically adjust to the width required to fully display the input text and all displayed Han characters and (pinyin) tags. When using a vertical IMX window display, the bottom edge may be dragged to control the number of cells to be shown.

Cursor tracking For applications that support cursor tracking 6, checking the Cursor tracking check-box, or clicking the hot-spot, will cause the IMX window to move to, and follow, the input caret (insertion point). The hot-spot icon will then change to if tracking is possible. Cursor (insertion point) tracking is not supported for vertical display.

Active keyboard options The name of the currently active keyboard is shown above the various user settings that apply for that keyboard. Selection settings The user may choose to select the character (or word) for insertion from the currently displayed set by using the keyboard numerals, the keypad numerals, either keyboard or keypad numerals, or the function keys F1-F12. The reason for allowing alternate methods of selection is to accommodate the optional entry of tone digits, where appropriate. If no tone digits are ever entered by the user, then using the keyboard numerals (or either keyboard or keypad) may be most convenient. However, if a user wishes to either optionally or always enter the tone digits (using the keyboard numerals), then to avoid confusion, it is better to use either the keypad numerals or the function keys for character selection. Using the function keys has the further advantages of allowing up to 12 characters to be viewed for selection at any one time, and supporting a special output mode that allows either the (accented) pinyin, or both the Han character and the accented pinyin to be inserted. (See below.) Tone keys The numbers 1 to 4 used in pinyin to represent the lexical tones of Modern Standard Chinese may be entered or not, according to user preference. If they are never entered, then the keyboard numerals can be used unambiguously for selecting the character for insertion. If they are always entered, or optionally entered, then if there is any ambiguity, a typed keyboard numeral will be interpreted as a tone digit if possible, and only after the tone digit has been entered will a keyboard numeral be applied for selection. The ambiguity in selection does not arise if either the keypad numerals or the function keys are used for selecting the character to insert. In that case, it is usually best to select Optional tone key entry. Auto-select if unique In some cases, typing efficiency can be improved by selecting and inserting a character automatically as soon as the entered string has narrowed the choice down to a single possible match. Check the Auto-select if unique check-box to use this feature.

Extra features

Input wild-cards and special characters A number of special characters are recognized by the IMX window: * An asterisk that is typed while the IMX window is shown will not be added to the input string, but will temporarily cause the input matching to use the "match start of string" mode, if currently using the "match first syllable" mode. ? A question mark entered into the input string of the IMX window will be treated as a "wild-card" and allow all pinyin strings for which the remainder of the string matches to be displayed.

6 With applications such as Notepad, WordPad and Toolbox, the IMX window will track the cursor in the same way as Microsoft's IME. For other applications, including MS Word, that is not yet possible, so the IMX window will remain where it is, or where it is dragged to by the user.

' A single-quote (apostrophe) character can be used to match any tone character. This is allowed even if tone characters are not (normally) entered, and is most useful with ambiguous multiple- syllable pinyin words or names, as in the following example:

- One or more hyphens entered at the end of a (multi-character) word, immediately before selecting from the displayed list of characters, will be interpreted to mean "Insert one particular character from the word" according to the number of hyphens typed. Thus typing:

then pressing Space (or 1, etc.) would cause the single character ᣐ to be inserted, while typing:

and pressing Space would cause ䷇ to be inserted. The purpose of this feature is to make it easy to select a particular character when it normally occurs in an easily remembered binome, in the same way as this is done in the spoken language, for example.: 㸷᳡ⱘþ㸷‘: input = yifu- output = 㸷 ∝䇁ⱘþ䇁‘: input = hanyu-- output = 䇁 U+xxxx Entering the prefix U+ followed by any hexadecimal numeric string will cause the Unicode character at the given code point to be output as soon as space (or Enter) is pressed. For example, entering U+8BED (or U+8bed ) into the IMX input window results in the character 䇁 being inserted in the text. This feature also allows supplementary plane characters (characters with Unicode values above U+10000 ) to be inserted into the text if fonts containing such characters have been installed, and the application can support supplementary plane Unicode.

Special output mode When using the function keys for selecting a character or word for insertion, two special output modes are supported by using the Shift or Ctrl modifier keys when pressing the function key (or clicking with the mouse): No modifier key Insert the Han characters, e.g. ᣐ䷇ᣐ䷇ Shift Insert the (accented) pinyin, e.g. p,ny,n Control Insert the Han characters with the pinyin in parentheses, e.g. ᣐ䷇ (p,ny,n)

Place name abbreviations, proper names in English transcription, and Chinese family names When entering the Pinyin for Han text, no upper case letters are used. However, the Simplified Chinese IMX uses upper case for a number of special purposes. Two upper-case characters are recognized as abbreviations for commonly used place names, for example:

Many familiar names (place names and personal names) may also be input using their common English spellings, if preceded by a backslash, for example:

or and

Most common Chinese family names are also included, for example:

A list of the place name abbreviations, family names, and English transliterations recognized by the IMX is included in the appendix to this document.

Acknowledgements We would like to thank Peter Hauer of Linguasoft ( mailto:[email protected]) for providing specifications, word lists, and assistance in testing this IMX.

Further information The Tavultesoft Keyman input method extension is a highly configurable system that can be easily adapted to many different input conventions for Han Chinese or other large character set languages. Similar input method extensions are being developed for Traditional Chinese and other ideographic script use, including Viet-Han, Cantonese, Hakka, Korean and Japanese. For further information, please contact John Durdin at: [email protected] or Peter Hauer at [email protected]

Appendix 1: Recognized abbreviations for Chinese provinces, regions & towns ZH ЁढҎ⇥݅੠೑ PRC JX ∳㽓ⳕ Jiangxi ZH Ё೑ China JX ∳㽓 Jiangxi AH ᅝᖑⳕ Anhui LN 䖑ᅕⳕ Liaoning AH ᅝᖑ Anhui LN 䖑ᅕ Liaoning AM ▇䮼⡍߿㸠ᬓऎ Macau NM ݙ㩭স㞾⊏ऎ Inner Mongolia AM ▇䮼 Macau NM ݙ㩭স Inner Mongolia BJ ࣫ҀᏖ Beijing NX ᅕ໣ಲᮣ㞾⊏ऎ Ningxia BJ ࣫Ҁ Beijing NX ᅕ໣ Ningxia CQ 䞡ᑚᏖ Chongqing QH 䴦⍋ⳕ Qinghai CQ 䞡ᑚ Chongqing QH 䴦⍋ Qinghai FJ ⽣ᓎⳕ Fujian SC ಯᎱⳕ Sichuan FJ ⽣ᓎ Fujian SC ಯᎱ Sichuan GD ᑓϰⳕ Guangdong SD ቅϰⳕ Shandong GD ᑓϰ Guangdong SD ቅϰ Shandong GS ⫬㙗ⳕ Gansu SH Ϟ⍋Ꮦ Shanghai GS ⫬㙗 Gansu SH Ϟ⍋ Shanghai GX ᑓ㽓ໂᮣ㞾⊏ऎ Guangxi SX ቅ㽓ⳕ Shanxi GX ᑓ㽓 Guangxi SX ቅ㽓 Shanxi GZ 䌉Ꮂⳕ Guizhou SX 䰩㽓ⳕ Shaanxi GZ 䌉Ꮂ Guizhou SX 䰩㽓 Shaanxi HB ⊇࣫ⳕ Hebei SZ ⏅ഇ Shenzhen HB ⊇࣫ Hebei TJ ໽⋹Ꮦ Tianjin HB ␪࣫ⳕ Hubei TJ ໽⋹ Tianjin HB ␪࣫ Hubei TW ৄ⑒ⳕ Taiwan HL 咥啭∳ⳕ Heilongjiang TW ৄ⑒ Taiwan HL 咥啭∳ Heilongjiang XG 佭␃⡍߿㸠ᬓऎ Hong Kong HN ⊇फⳕ Henan XG 佭␃ Hong Kong HN ⊇फ Henan XJ ᮄ⭚㓈਒ᇨ㞾⊏ऎ Xinjiang HN ⍋फⳕ Hainan XJ ᮄ⭚ Xinjiang HN ⍋फ Hainan XZ 㽓㮣㞾⊏ऎ Tibet HN ␪फⳕ Hunan XZ 㽓㮣 Tibet HN ␪फ Hunan YN ѥफⳕ Yunnan JL ঢ়ᵫⳕ Jilin YN ѥफ Yunnan JL ঢ়ᵫ Jilin ZJ ⌭∳ⳕ Zhejiang JS ∳㢣ⳕ Jiangsu ZJ ⌭∳ Zhejiang JS ∳㢣 Jiangsu

Appendix 2: Recognized Chinese family names Ai4 㡒 i Da2 ヾ Dá Gu4 乒 Gù An1 ᅝ Nn Dai4 ᠈ Dài Guan1 ݇ GuQn Ao2 ᬪ Êo Dan4tai2 ▍ৄDàntái Guan1 ᅬ GuQn Bai2 ⱑ Bái Dao1 ߔ DQo Guan3 ㅵ GuRn Ban1 ⧁ BQn Deng4 䙧 Dèng Gui4 ♙ Guì Bao1 ࣙ BQo Di2 ⢘ Dí Gui4 Ḗ Guì `Bao3 ֱ BRo Diao1 ߕ DiQo Guo1 ਭ Gu Bao3 ᅱ BRo Ding1 ϕ DWng Guo1 䖛 Gu` Bao4 䉍 Bào Dong1guo1 ϰ䛁D`nggu` Guo1 䛁 Gu` Bao4 剡 Bào Dong3 㨷 Dang Ha3 જ HR Bei4 䋱 Bèi Dou3 䪁 Dau Han2 䶽 Hán Ben1 䌆 BUn Dou4 ぺ Dòu Han3 㔩 HRn Bi4 ↩ Bì Du1 䛑 D\ Han4 ᩪ Hàn Bian1 䖍 BiQn Du4 ᴰ Dù Hang2 ᵁ Háng Bian4 ल Biàn Duan1 ッ DuQn Hao3 䚱 HRo Bin1 ᆒ BWn Duan4 ↉ Duàn He2 ੠ Hé Bing3 䚈 BXng Duo2 䪢 Duó He2 ԩ Hé Bo4 ᶣ Bò E2 ࿹ É He2 ⾒ Hé Bu3 र BZ Fan2 ῞ Fán He4 䌎 Hè Cai4 㫵 Cài Fan4 㣗 Fàn He4 䌿 Hè Cao2 ᳍ Cáo Fang1 ᮍ FQng Heng2 㸵 Héng Cen2 ብ Cén Fang2 ᠓ Fáng Hong2 ⋾ Hóng Ceng2 ᳒ ZUng Fei3 ᭤ Fdi Hou2 փ Hóu Chai2 ᷈ Chái Fei4 䌍 Fèi Hu1 䕋 H\ Chan2yu1 ऩѢChány\ Feng1 Є FUng Hu2 ໊ Hú Chang1 ᯠ ChQng Feng1 ᇕ FUng Hu2 㚵 Hú Chang2 㢠 Cháng Feng2 ރ Féng Hu3 㰢 HZ Chang2 ᐌ Cháng Feng4 ޸ Fèng Hua1 㢅 HuQ Chao2 ᰕ Cháo Fu2 ӣ Fú Hua4 ढ Huà Che1 䔺 ChU Fu2 ⽣ Fú Huan2 ḧ Huán Chen1 䛈 ChUn Fu4 ٙ Fù Huan2 䚛 Huán Chen2 䇠 Chén Gan1 ⫬ GQn Huang2 咘 Huáng Chen2 䰜 Chén Gao1 催 GQo Huang2fu3 ⱛ⫿HuángfZ Cheng2 ⿟ Chéng Gao4 䚰 Gào Huo4 䳡 Huò Cheng4 ៤ Chéng Ge1 ៜ GU Ji1 ࿀ JW Chi2 ࣭ Chí Ge3 㨯 Gd Ji1 ጛ JW Chi2 ∴ Chí Ge3 Ⲫ Gd Ji1 】 JW Chi2 䖳 Chí Geng3 㘓 Gdng Ji1guan1 ϠᅬJWguQn Chong2 ⾡ Chóng Gong1 ᅿ G`ng Ji2 ঢ় Jí ChZ Gong1 啮 G`ng Ji4 ᄷ Jì ټ Chu3 Chu3 Ἦ ChZ Gong1sun1 ݀ᄭG`ngs\n Ji4 㑾 Jì Chu3 㻮 ChZ Gou3 㢳 Gau Ji4 㪳 Jì Chuai4 ର Chuài Gou4 ࣒ Gòu Jia3 䌒 JiR Chun2 ⏇ Chún Gu1 䕰 G\ Jian3 ㅔ JiRn Cui1 የ CuW Gu3 স GZ Jian3 㖺 JiRn

Jiang1 ྰ JiQng Lin2 䙈 Lín Nie4 㘖 Niè Jiang1 ∳ JiQng Ling2 ޠ Líng Ning4 ᅕ Nìng Jiang3 㩟 JiRng Liu2 ߬ Liú Niu2 ⠯ Niú Jiao1 ⛺ JiQo Liu2 䬣 Liú Niu3 䪂 NiZ Jiao3 ᬿ JiRo Liu3 ᷇ LiZ Nong2 ݰ Nóng Jie1 ᧁ JiU Long2 䱚 Lóng Ou1 ऎ gu Jin1 䞥 JWn Long2 啭 Lóng Ou1 ⃻ gu Jin4 ᰟ Jìn Lou2 ࿘ Lóu Ou1yang2 ⃻䰇guyáng Jin4 䵇 Jìn Lou2 ὐ Lóu Pan1 ┬ PQn Jing1 㤚 JWng Lu2 श Lú Pang2 ᑲ Páng Ju1 ሙ J\ Lu3 剕 LZ Pang2 䗘 Páng Ju1 偍 J\ Lu4 䏃 Lù Pei2 㻈 Péi Kan4 䯮 Kàn Lu4 䘃 Lù Peng2 ᕁ Péng Kang1 ᒋ KQng Lu4 䰚 Lù Pi2 Ⲃ Pí Ke1 ᷃ KU Lu4 呓 Lù Piao4 ᴈ Piáo Kong1 ぎ K`ng Lun2 Ӻ Lún Ping2 ᑇ Píng Kong3 ᄨ Kang Luo1 㔫 Luó Po2 㐕 Pó Kuang1 ࣵ KuQng Luo4 ⋯ Luò Pu2 㪆 Pú Kuang4 މ Kuàng Luo4 做 Luò Pu3 ⌺ PZ Kuang4 䌊 Kuàng Lv1 ُ Le Pu3 ⑹ PZ Kuang4 䙱 Kuàng Lv3 ৩ Lf Qi1 ៮ QW Kui2 䱫 Kuí Ma2 咏 Má Qi2 ѧ Qí Lai4 䌝 Lài Ma3 偀 MR Qi2 ⼕ Qí Lai4 䌪 Lài Mai4 呺 Mài Qi2 唤 Qí Lan2 㪱 Lán Man3 ⒵ MRn Qian2 䪅 Qián Lang2 䚢 Láng Mao2 ↯ Máo Qiang1 㕠 QiQng Lang3 ᳫ LRng Mao2 㣙 Máo Qiang2 ᔎ Qiáng Lao2 ࢇ Láo Mei2 ṙ Méi Qiao2 Ш Qiáo Le4 Ф Lè Meng4 ᄳ Mèng Qiao2 䈃 Qiáo Lei2 Ⴌ Léi Mi2 ⼶ Mí Qie4 䚘 Qiè Lei2 䳋 Léi Mi2 呟 Mí Qin2 ⾑ Qín Leng3 ދ Ldng Mi3 ㉇ MX Qin2 ⾺ Qín Li2 咢 Lí Mi3 㡜 MX Qin2 㽗 Qín Li3 ᴢ LX Miao2 㢫 Miáo Qiu1 Ϭ Qi\ Li3 ⧚ LX Miao4 㓾 Miào Qiu1 䚅 Qi\ Li4 ߽ Lì Min3 䯉 MXn Qiu2 қ Qiú Li4 ࢅ Lì Ming2 ᯢ Míng Qiu2 㺬 Qiú \Li4 ढ़ Lì Mo2qi2 ϛֳMòqí Qu1 ሜ Q Li4 ᷫ Lì Mo4 㥿 Mò Qu1 ᳆ Q\ Li4 䚺 Lì Mou2 ⠳ Móu Qu1 ⶓ Qú Lian2 ᒝ Lián Mu4 〚 Mù Qu1 咈 Q\ Lian2 䖲 Lián Mu4rong2 ᜩᆍMùróng Qu2 ⩽ Qú Lian4 㒗 Liàn Na1 䙷 NQ Qu2 㯻 Qú Liang2 ṕ Liáng Nai4 Ո Nài Quan2 ܼ Quán Liang2 㡃 Liáng Nan2 ⬋ Nán Quan2 ᴗ Quán Liao4 ᒪ Liào Ni2 ׾ Ní Ran3 ݝ RRn Lin2 ᵫ Lín Nie4 а Niè Rao2 佊 Ráo

Ren2 ӏ Rén Teng2 ⒩ Téng Xu2 ᕤ Xú Rong2 ᆍ Róng Tian2 ⬄ Tián Xu3 䆌 XZ Rong2 㤷 Róng Tong2 ұ Tóng Xuan1 ᅷ XuQn Ruan3 䰂 RuRn Tong2 Գ Tóng Xue1 㭯 XuU Rui4 ⨲ Ruì Tong2 ৠ Tóng Xun2 㤔 Xún Rui4 㢂 Ruì Tu2 ሴ Tú Yan1 ➩ YQn Sa4 㧼 Sà Tu2 ⍖ Tú Yan2 Ϲ Yán Sai4 䌯 Sài Tuo2 ԫ Tuó Yan2 㿔 Yán Sang1 ḥ SQng Wan4 ϛ Wàn Yan2 䮿 Yán Sha1 ≭ ShQ Wang1 ∾ WQng Yan2 䯢 Yán Shan4 ऩ Shàn Wang2 ⥟ Wáng Yan2 买 Yán Shang1 ଚ ShQng Wei1 ॅ WUi Yan4 ᔺ Yàn Shao4 ী Shào Wei2 䶺 Wéi Yan4 ᰣ Yàn Shao4 䚉 Shào Wei3 䱫 Wdi Yang2 ᡀ Yáng She2 Ԭ Shé Wei4 ि Wèi Yang2 ᴼ Yáng She2 ᡬ Shé Wei4 㫮 Wèi Yang2 䰇 Yáng She4 ॡ Shè Wei4 儣 Wèi Yao1 ᑎ YQo Shen1 ⬇ ShUn Wen1 ⏽ WUn Yao2 ྮ Yáo Shen3 ≜ Shdn Wen2 ᭛ Wén Yao2 㐛 Yáo Sheng3 ސ XiRn Wen2 䯏 Wén Yao2 䪿 Yáo Sheng4 ⲯ Shèng Weng1 㖕 WUng Ye4 ৊ Yè Shi2 ᯊ Shí Wu1 Ꮏ W\ Yi3 㱕 YX Shi2 ⷇ Shí Wu1 䚀 W\ Yi4 ᯧ Yì Shi3 ৆ ShX Wu2 ਈ Wú Yin1 ↋ YWn Shou4 ᇓ Shòu Wu2 ↟ Wú Yin2 䫊 Yín Shu1 㟦 Sh\ Wu3 Ѩ WZ Yin3 ል Yín Shui3 ∈ ShuX Wu3 Ӊ WZ Ying1 ᑨ YWng Si1 ᮃ SW Wu3 ӡ WZ Ying1 㣅 YWng Si1kong1 ৌぎSWk`ng Wu3 ℺ WZ Ying2 ᄈ Yíng XW You2 ᇶ Yóu ڪ Si1ma3 ৌ偀SWmR Xi1 Si1tu2 ৌᕦSWtú Xi1 ༮ XW You2 ᇸ Yóu Song4 ᅟ Sòng Xi1 㖆 XW You2 ␌ Yóu Su1 㢣 S\ Xi1 䚫 XW Yu1 Ѣ Y\ Sui1 ⴁ SuW Xi2 д Xí Yu1 ᮐ Y\ Sui2 䱟 Suí Xi2 ᐁ Xí Yu2 ԭ Yú Sun1 ᄭ S\n Xia4 ໣ Xià Yu2 ֲ Yú Tai2 䚄 Tái Xian1 剰 XiQn Yu2 ⏨ Yú Tan2 ⁔ Tán Xiang4 乍 Xiàng Yu2 㰲 Yú Tan2 ▍ Tán Xiao1 㧻 XiQo Yu2 剐 Yú Tan2 㽗 Tán Xie4 㾷 Xiè Yu3 ᒒ YZ Tan2 䇜 Tán Xie4 䇶 Xiè Yu3 ⾍ YZ Tan2 䈁 H\ Xin1 䕯 XWn Yu4 ஏ Yù Tan2 䬵 Tán Xin2 䬵 Xín Yu4 ᇝ Yù Tang1 ∸ TQng Xing2 㤹 Xíng Yu4 䚕 Yù Tang2 ૤ Táng Xing2 䙶 Xíng Yu4 䈋 GZ Tao2 ḗ Táo Xing4 ᑌ Xìng Yu4chi2 ᇝ䖳Yùchí Tao2 䱊 Táo Xiong2 ❞ Xióng Yuan2 ܗ Yuán

Yuan2 ⑤ Yuán Zhai2 㖳 Zhái Zhu1 䇌 Zh\ Yuan2 㹕 Yuán Zhan1 䁍 ZhQn Zhu1ge3 䇌㨯Zh\gd Yuan2 䕩 Yuán Zhan4 ␯ Zhàn Zhu2 ノ Zhú Yue4 Ф Yuè Zhang1 ᓴ ZhQng Zhu4 ⼱ Zhù Yue4 ኇ Yuè Zhang1 ゴ ZhQng Zhuang1 ᑘ ZhuQng Yun2 ѥ Yún Zhang3 ҝ ZhRng Zhuo1 ध Zhuó Yun4 ᙑ Yùn Zhao1 ᢯ ZhQo Zhuo2 ⽮ Zhuó Yun4 䚧 Yùn Zhao4 䍉 Zhào Zi1 䀒 ZW Zan3 ᯱ ZRn Zhen1 ⫘ ZhUn Zi3 ㋿ ZX Zang1 㞻 ZQng Zheng4 䚥 Zhèng Zong1 ᅫ Z`ng Zao3 ᵷ ZRo Zhi4 ᣮ Zhì Zou1 䚍 Zù Ze2 ㄂ Zé Zhong1 䩳 Zh`ng Zou1 䜍 Zù Ze2 䗂 Zé Zhong4 ӆ Zhòng Zu3 ⼪ ZZ Zeng1 㔃 ZUng Zhou1 ਼ Zhù Zuo3 Ꮊ Zua Zha1 ᶹ ZhQ Zhu1 ᴅ Zh\

Appendix 3: Recognized foreign names with English spelling \Aaron ѮӺ Yàlún \Aquino ઢ༢䇎 Nikuínuò \Abe Ѯԃ Yàbó \Arabia 䰓ᢝԃ NlQbó \Abel Ѯԃ Yàbó \Arabic 䰓ᢝԃ䇁 NlQbóyZ \Abraham Ѯԃᢝ㔩 YàbólQhRn \Aramaic Ѯᢝྚ䇁 YàlQmZyZ \Accra 䰓ܟᢝ NkèlQ \Archimedes 䰓෎㉇ᖋ NjWmXdé \Achaea 䰓߃Ѯ NkRiyà \Argentina 䰓ḍᓋ NgUntíng \Acheron 䰓ܟӺ⊇ Nkèlúnhé \Argos 䰓હᮃ NgUsW \Achilles 䰓༥䞠ᮃ NqìlXsW \Arkansas 䰓㚃㡆Ꮂ Nkdnsèzhù \Adam Ѯᔧ YàdQng \Armenia Ѯ㕢ሐѮ Yàmdiníyà \Aden Ѯϕ YàdWng \Arnold ᅝ㒇ᖋ Nnnàdé \Adonis 䰓໮ሐᮃ Ndu`nísW \Arthur Ѯ⨳ Yàsè \Aegean ⠅⨈⍋ iqínhRi \Ascham 䰓ᮃ෾ NsWkQn \Afghanistan 䰓ᆠ∫ Nfùhàn \Asia Ѯ⌆ Yàzhù \Africa 䴲⌆ FUizhù \Asoka 䰓㢣व Ns\kR \Agatha 㡒Ḑᗱ igésW \Assam 䰓㧼ྚ NsàmZ \Agnes ⠅Ḑྂᗱ igénWsW \Assyria Ѯ䗄 Yàshù \Ainu 㱒་䇁 XiQyíyZ \Athens 䲙݌ YRdiRn \Alan ⠅Ӻ ilún \Atlantic ໻㽓⋟ DàxWyáng \Albert 㡒ԃ⡍ ibótè \Auckland ༹ܟ݄ okèlán \Alexander Ѯग़ቅ໻ YàlìshQndà \Audrey ⃻㬞 guruX \Alfred 㡒ԯ⚜ ifúliè \Australasia ໻⋟⌆ Dàyángzhù \Algiers 䰓ᇨঞᇨ Ndrjídr \Australasia फ⋟⌆ Nányángzhù \Alice ⠅Бϱ ilìsW \Australia ▇⌆ ozhù \Allah 䰓ᢝ NlQ \Austria ༹ഄ߽ odìlì \Allan 㡒Ӻ ilún \Azov Ѯ䗳⍋ YàsùhRi \Allen 㡒Ӻ ilún \Babel Ꮘ߿ศ BQbiétR ᮃ NdrbXsW \Babylon Ꮘ↨Ӻ BQbXlúnגAlps 䰓ᇨ\ \Amazon Ѯ偀䗞⊇ YàmRxùnhé \Baghdad ᏈḐ䖒 BQgédá \America 㕢೑ Mdiguó \Bali Ꮘ䞠ቯ BQlXdRo \America 㕢⌆ Mdizhù \Baltimore Ꮘᇨⱘᨽ BQdrdìmó \Amman ᅝ᳐ Nnmàn \Bangkok ᳐䈋 MàngZ \Amos 䰓ᨽৌ NmósW \Bantu ⧁೒䇁 BQntúyZ \Amoy ॺ䮼 Xiàmén \Barbados Ꮘ䋱໮ BQbèidu` \Andersen ᅝᕦ⫳ NntúshUng \Barbara 㢁㢁ᢝ BQbQlQ \Andrew ᅝᖋ剕 NndélZ \Barcelona Ꮘ䌯䱚㒇 BQsàilóngnà \Angola ᅝહᢝ NngUlQ \Barclay Ꮘܟ㦅 BQkèlái \Ankara ᅝवᢝ NnkRlQ \Basel Ꮘาᇨ BQsèdr \Ann ᅝ Nn \Basque Ꮘᮃܟ䇁 BQsWkèyZ \Annam ᅝफ Nnnán \Batavia Ꮘ䖒㓈Ѯ BQdáwéiyà \Antarctica फᵕ⌆ Nánjízhù \Bavaria ᏈӤ߽Ѯ BQfálìyà \Anthony ᅝϰሐ Nnd`ngní \Beatrice ⹻ܓ㖴ϱ BìércuìsW \Antigone ᅝᦤ℠ሐ NntígUní \Beethoven 䋱໮㢀 Bèidu`fUn \Antioch ᅝᦤ䰓 NntíQ \Beijing ࣫Ҁ BdijWng \Antwerp ᅝ⡍ि᱂ NntèwèipZ \Beirut 䋱剕⡍ BèilZtè \Apollo 䰓⊶㔫 Nb`luó \Belgium ↨߽ᯊ BXlìshí

\Benelux ↨㥋श BXhélú \Canterbury ഢ⡍Ꮧ䞠 KRntèbùlX \Benjamin ⧁ᵄ⇥ BQnjiémín \Canton ᑓϰ GuRngd`ng \Bennett ⧁ሐ⡍ BQnnítè \Capitol ೑Ӯ໻ॺ Guóhuìdàshà \Berkshire ⊶ܟ໣ B`kèxià \Caribbean ࡴࢦ↨⍋ JiQlUibXhRi \Berlin ᶣᵫ Bólín \Carlyle व㦅ᇨ KRláidr \Bernard ԃᣓ Bóná \Caroline ߃㢹⨇ KRiruòlín \Berne ԃᘽ BóUn \Carthage 䖺໾෎ JiQtàijW \Bertha 䋱㥢 BèishQ \Cassandra व⦞ᖋᢝ KRshQndélQ \Bertillon 䋱䖾∌ Bèidíyang \Catherine ߃㧼⨇ KRisàlín \Bess 䋱ϱ BèisW \Cathy ߃㣰 KRixW \Bessie 䋱㣰 BèixW \Cecil า㽓 SèxW \Bessy 䋱㣰 BèixW \Cedel าഄᇨ Sèdìdr \Beth 䋱ϱ BèisW \Cervantes า޵ᦤᮃ SèfántísW \Bethlehem ԃ߽ᘦ Bólìhéng \Ceylon 䫵݄ XWlán \Bethlehem ԃ߽◮ Bólìhàn \Charles ᶹᇨᮃ ChádrsW \Betty 䋱㩖 Bèidì \Chernobyl 䔺䇎↨ ChUnuòbX \Bhutan ϡЍ BùdQn \Chicago 㡱ࡴહ ZhWjiQgU \Bihar ↨જᇨⳕ BXhQdrshdng \Chile ᱎ߽ Zhìlì \Birmingham ԃᯢ㗄 Bómínghàn \China Ё೑ Zh`ngguó \Bohemia ⊶Ꮰ㉇Ѯ B`xWmXyà \Christ ෎ⴷ JWd\ \Bolivia ⦏߽㓈Ѯ B`lìwéiyà \Chrysler ܟ㦅ᮃࢦ KèláisWlè \Bombay ᄳф MèngmRi \Chuang ໂᮣ Zhuàngzú \Bonn ⊶ᘽ BÙn \Churchill 䚅ঢ়ᇨ Qi\jídr \Borneo ⊶㔫⌆ B`luózhù \Cincinnati 䕯䕯㒇ᦤ XWnxWnnàtí \Boston ⊶຿乓 B`shìdùn \Circe ⨳㣰 SèxW \Botswana ⊶ᠢ䙷 B`zhQnQ \Collins ᷃ᵫᮃ KUlínsW \Brady Ꮧ㦅䖾 Bùláidí \Colombia હӺ↨Ѯ GUlúnbXyà \Brahman ⊶㔫䮼 B`luómén \Cooper ᑧᶣ Kùbó \Brazil Ꮘ㽓 BQxW \Copenhagen હᴀજḍ GUbdnhQgUn \Britain 㣅೑ YWngguó \Copernicus હⱑሐ GUbáiní \Broadway ⱒ㗕∛ BRilRohuì \Croydon ܟ䞠ⱏ KèlXdUng \Bruce Ꮧ剕ᮃ BùlZsW \Cuba সᏈ GZbQ \Brussels Ꮧ剕าᇨ BùlZsèdr \Cyprus 䌯⌺䏃ᮃ SàipZlùsW \Budapest Ꮧ䖒Խᮃ⡍BùdápèisWtè \Daedalus ⋄䖒䏃ᮃ TàidálùsW Bulgaria ֱࡴ߽Ѯ BRojiQlìyà \Dakotas 䖒⾥ศᎲ DákUtRzhù\ \Burma 㓙⬌ MiRndiàn \Dalton 䘧ᇨ乓 Dàodrdùn \Burundi Ꮧ䱚䖾 Bùlóngdí \Damascus ໻偀຿䴽 DàmRshìgé \Byzantium ᢰऴᒁ BàizhQntíng \Daniel Ѝሐᇨ DQnnídr \Cadillac व䖾ᢝܟ KRdílQkè \Danish Ѝ呺䇁 DQnmàiyZ \Cairo ᓔ㔫 KQiluó \Danube ໮⨭⊇ Du`nRohé \California ࡴᎲ JiQzhù \Daphne ᠈ᓫྂ DàifúnW \Calvin ࡴᇨ᭛ JiQdrwén \Darwin 䖒ᇨ᭛ Dádrwén \Cambodia 催ẝ GQomián \David ໻ि Dàwèi \Cambridge ࠥḹ Jiànqiáo \Davis ᠈㓈ᮃ DàiwéisW \Cambridgeshire ࠥḹ䚵 Jiànqiáojùn \Debbie 咯↨ DàibX \Canaan 䖺फ JiQnán \Deborah 咯मᢝ DàibólQ \Canada ࡴᣓ໻ JiQnádà \Decare ワवᇨ DíkRdr

\Delilah 咯߽ᢝ DàilìlQ \Fermi 䌍ᇨ㉇ FèidrmX \Denmark Ѝ呺 DQnmài \Figueras 䌍व⋯ᮃ FèikRluòsW \Denver Ѝԯ DQnfú \Finland 㢀݄ FUnlán \Derbyshire ᖋ䋱䚵 Débèijùn \Finnish 㢀݄䇁 FUnlányZ \Diana 咯ᅝ࿰ DàiQnnà \Florida ԯ㔫䞠䖒 FúluólXdá \Dido 咯ᴉ Dàidua \Floyd ԯ⋯ᛣᖋ Fúluòyìdé \Disney ⢘ᮃሐ DísWní \Formosa ৄ⑒ TáiwQn \Doris ḗ⨲ϱ TáoruìsW \France ⊩೑ FRguó \Dorothy ḗФ䌯 Táolèsài \Frankish ⊩݄ܟ䇁 FRlánkèyZ \Dorsetshire ໮า⡍䚵 Du`sètèjùn \Fred ԯ⨲ᖋ Fúruìdé \Douglas 䘧Ḑᢝᮃ DàogélQsW \Freon ⇳߽ᯖ Fúlìáng \Dravidian ᖋᢝ࿕䇁 DélQwUiyZ \Gaelic Ⲫᇨ䇁 GddryZ \Druse ᖋ剕຿ᮣ DélZshìzú \Galen एᏜ YWshW \Dunkirk ᬺܟᇨܟ D\nkèdrkè \Galileo ԑ߽⬹ JiQlìlje Dutch 㥋݄䇁 HélányZ \Gambia ݜ↨Ѯ GQngbXyà\ \East Africa ϰ䴲 D`ngfUi \Gandhi ⫬ഄ GQndì \Ecuador क़⪰໮ᇨ ËguQdu`dr \Gaulish 催श䇁 GQolúyZ \Edinburgh ⠅ϕ෵ idWngbRo \Georgia Ш⊏ѮᎲ Qiáozhìyàzh`u \Edison ⠅䖾⫳ idíshUng \Germanic ᮹㘇᳐䇁 RìdrmànyZ \Edward ⠅ᖋढ idéhuá \Germany ᖋ೑ Déguó \Egpyt ඗ঞ Nijí \Gettysburg Ⲫ㣼෵ GdcíbRo \Einstein ⠅಴ᮃഺ iyWnsWtRn \Ghana 䖺㒇 JiQnà \Eire ⠅ᇨ݄ idrlán \Ghent ḍ⡍ GUntè \Elbe ᯧ࣫⊇ Yìbdihé \Gibraltar ⳈᏗ㔫䰔 Zhíbùluótuó \Elijah ҹ߽Ѯ YXlìyà \Glenn Ḑ߫ Géliè \Elisha ҹ߽≭ YXlìshQ \Goethe ℠ᖋ GUdé \Elizabeth Ӟ㥝㥢ⱑ YWlìshQbái \Goldman 催᳐ GQomàn \Emerson ⠅咬⫳ imòshUng \Golgotha ๧ഄ Mùdì \Emily 㡒㉇Б imXlì \Greece Ꮰ㜞 XWlà \England 㣅೑ YWngguó \Greek Ꮰ㜞᭛ XWlàwén \English 㣅䇁 YWngyZ \Greenland Ḑ䱉݄ Gélínglán \Erie Ӟ߽␪ YWlìhú \Greenspan Ḑᵫᮃ⧁ GélínsWbQn \Erse क़ᇨᮃ䇁 ËdrsWyZ \Greenwich Ḑᵫ࿕⊏ GélínwUizhì \Esau ҹᠿ YXsRo \Guam ݇ቯ GuQndRo \Esperanto Ϫ⬠䇁 ShìjièyZ \Guatemala ⪰ഄ偀ᢝ GuQdìmRlQ \Essex 㡒าܟᮃ isèkèsW \Gurkha ᒧᇨ୔ᮣ KuòdrkQzú \Esther ҹᮃᏪ YXsWtiè \Guyana ⲪѮ䙷 GdyànQ \Estonia ⠅≭ሐѮ ishQníyà \Haiti ⍋ഄ HRidì \Eton Ӟ乓 YWdùn \Halley જ䳋 HQléi \EU ⃻ⲳ guméng \Hamburg ∝෵ HànbRo \Eurasia ⃻Ѯ໻䰚 guyàdàlù \Hausa 䈾ᩦᮣ HáosQzú \Europa ⃻㔫Ꮘ guluóbQ \Hausa 䈾ᩦ䇁 HáosQyZ \Europe ⃻⌆ guzh`u \Havana જ⪺䙷 HQwRnQ \Ezra ҹᮃᢝ YXsWlQ \Hawaii ໣࿕་ቯ XiàwUiyídRo \Fanny ሕ㙵 PìgZ \Hawaiian ໣࿕་䇁 XiàwUiyíyZ \Faraday ⊩ᢝ㄀ FRlQdì \Haydn ⍋乓 HRidùn \Faust ⍂຿ᖋ Fúshìdé \Hebrew Ꮰԃᴹ䇁 XWbóláiyZ

\Heisenberg ⍋Ể෵ HRisUnbRo \Jehovah 㘊੠ढ YUhéhuá \Helen ⍋Ӻ HRilún \Jeremiah 㘊߽㉇ YUlìmX \Henry Ѽ߽ HUnglì \Jerusalem 㘊䏃ᩦދ YUlùsQldng \Herefordshire 䌿䞠⽣䚵 HèlXfújùn \Jesse 㘊㽓 YUxW \Herero 䌿ࢦ࿘ᮣ HèlUilóuzú \Jesus 㘊⿷ YUs\ \Herero 䌿ࢦ࿘䇁 HèlUilóuyZ \Jew ⢍໾ Yóutài \Hertfordshire 䌿⡍⽣䚵 Hètèfújùn \Jiessie ᵄ㽓 JiéxW \Hindi ࣫ॄᑺ䇁 BdiyìndùyZ \Jim ঢ়ྚ JímZ \Hittite Ꮰ⋄䇁 XWtàiyZ \Joe Ш Qiáo \Hittite Ꮰ⋄ᮣ XWtàizú \John 㑺㗄 YQohàn \Holland 㥋݄ Hélán \Johnson 㑺㗄⫳ YQohànshUng \Honduras ⋾䛑ᢝᮃ Hóngd\lQsW \Johnson 䁍Ể ZhQnsUn \Hong Kong 佭␃ XiQnggRng \Jonah 㑺ᣓ YQoná \Honolulu ⁔佭ቅ TánxiQngshQn \Jones 䬎ᮃ Zh`ngsW \Honolulu ☿཈剕剕 HuanúlZlZ \Jordan 㑺ᮺ YQodàn \Hopi 䌿ᖙᮣ Hèbìzú \Jordan 㑺ᮺ⊇ YQodànhé \Horace 䌎⨲ᮃ HèruìsW \Joshua 㑺кѮ YQosh\yà \Houston ӥᮃ乓 Xi\sWdùn \Judy ᴅ㩖 Zh\dì \Hun ࣜ཈ Xi`ngnú \Juliet ᴅБ৊ Zh\lìyè \Hungary ࣜ⠭߽ Xi`ngyálì \Jute ᴅ⡍ᮣ Zh\tèzú \Huxley 䌎㚹咢 Hèx\lí \Kabul ୔Ꮧᇨ KQbùdr \Iceland ބቯ BWngdRo \Kansas ෾㧼ᮃᎲ KQnsàsWzhù \Idaho ⠅䖒㥋 idáhé \Kansas City ෾㧼ᮃᏖ KQnsàsWshì \Ike 㡒ܟ ikè \Karachi ୔ᢝ༛ KQlQqí \Illinois Ӟ߽䇎Ꮂ YWlìnuòzhù \Kazakstan જ㧼ܟ HQsàkè \India ॄᑺ Yìndù \Keelung ෎䱚 JWlóng \Indochina ॄᑺᬃ䙷 YìndùzhWnQ \Kennedy 㚃ሐ䖾 Kdnnídí \Indonesia ॄሐ Yìnní \Kentucky 㚃ศ෎Ꮂ KdntRjWzhù \Intel 㣅⡍ᇨ YWngtèdr \Kenya 㚃Ѯ Kdnyà \Iowa ⠅㥋ढᎲ ihéhuázhù \Kevin ߃᭛ KRiwén \Iran Ӟᳫ YWlRng \Khmer 䈋㕢ᇨ䇁 GZmdidryZ \Ireland ⠅ᇨ݄ idrlán \Kodak ᷃䖒 KUdá \Irish ⠅ᇨ݄䇁 idrlányZ \Korea ᳱ剰 CháoxiQn \Ishmael ҹ䌯⥯߽ YXsàimRlì \Korea 䶽೑ Hánguó \Israel ҹ㡆߫ YXsèliè \Kurdish ᑧᖋ䇁 KùdéyZ \Istanbul Ӟᮃഺ෵ YWsWtRnbRo \Kuwait ⾥࿕⡍ KUwUitè \Italy ᛣ໻߽ Yìdàlì \Kyoto Ҁ䛑 JWngd\ \Ivory Coast 䈵⠭⍋ኌ XiàngyáhRiàn \Laos 㗕ᣱ LRow` \Jackson ᵄܟỂ JiékèsUn \Laputa ⍂ቯ FúdRo \Jacob 䲙৘ YRgè \Latin ᢝϕ᭛ LQdWngwén \Jamaica ⠭фࡴ YámRijiQ \Latvia ᢝ㜅㓈Ѯ LQtu`wéiyà \James 䁍ྚ຿ ZhQnmZshì \Lebanon 咢ᏈႽ LíbQnèn \Jane ⦡ ZhUn \Leda 㥝䖒 Lìdá \Japan ᮹ᴀ Rìbdn \Leibnitz 㦅Ꮧሐݍ LáibùnízW \Japanese ᮹᭛ Rìwén \Leningrad ߫ᅕḐࢦ LiènínggélUi \Java ⟾છ ZhRowQ \Leo 䞠⃻ LXù \Jeff ᵄ໿ Jiéf\ \Leone 䞠ᯖ LXáng

\Lett ߫⡍䇁 LiètèyZ \McDonald's 呺ᔧࢇ MàidQngláo \Levi ߽᳾ Lìwèi \Mediterranean ഄЁ⍋ Dìzh`nghRi \Liberia ߽↨߽Ѯ LìbXlìyà \Mekong ␘݀⊇ Méig`nghé \Libya ߽↨Ѯ LìbXyà \Melbourne ๼ᇨ䪉 Mòdrb` \Lincoln ᵫ㚃 Línkdn \Memphis ᄳ᭤ᮃ MèngfdisW \Lincolnshire ᵫ㚃䚵 Línkdnjùn \Messiah ᓹ䌯Ѯ Mísàiyà \Liverpool ߽⠽⌺ LìwùpZ \Methuselah ⥯຿ᩦᢝ MRshìsQlQ \Liza 㥝㥢 LìshQ \Mexico ๼㽓હ MòxWgU \Lloyd's ࢇ⇣ Láoshì \Miami 䖜䰓ᆚ MàiQmì \London Ӻᬺ Lúnd\n \Michael 䖜ܟ Màikè \Lorelei 㔫㭒㦅 Luóldilái \Michelson 䖜ܟ⫳ MàikèshUng \Louis 䏃ᯧᮃ LùyìsW \Michigan ᆚ㽓ḍᎲ MìxWgUnzhù \Luxembourg शỂ෵ LúsUnbRo \Mideast Ёϰ Zh`ngd`ng \Luzon ৩ᅟቯ LfsòngdRo \Mieno ϝ䞡䞢 SQnchóngyd \Lyons 䞠ᯖ LXáng \Milan ㉇݄ MXlán \Macao ▇䮼 omén \Missouri ᆚ㢣䞠Ꮂ Mìs\lXzhù \Macbeth 偀ܟⱑ MRkèbái \Mitsubishi ϝ㧅 SQnlíng \Madrid 偀ᖋ䞠 MRdélX \Mohammed 〚㔩咬ᖋ MùhRnmòdé \Maecenas ㉇㽓༜ᮃ MXxWnàisW \Mohave ᨽજ㓈ᮣ MóhQwéizú \Maine 㓙಴Ꮂ MiRnyWnzhù \Mohawk ᨽ䳡ܟᮣ Móhuòkèzú \Malawi 偀ᢝ࿕ MRlQwUi \Mohawk ᨽ䳡ܟ䇁 MóhuòkèyZ \Malay 偀ᴹ MRlái \Monaco ᨽ㒇હ MónàgU \Malaya 偀ᴹѮ MRláiyà \Montana 㩭໻㒇 Méngdànà \Malaya 偀ᴹञቯ MRláibàndRo \Montevideo 㩭⡍㓈໮ Méngtèwéidu` \Malaysia 偀ᴹ㽓Ѯ MRláixWyà \Moore ᨽᇨ Módr \Malaysia 偀ᴹ㕸ቯ MRláiqúndRo \Moravia ᨽᢝ㓈Ѯ MólQwéiyà \Mali 偀߽ MRlì \Moro ᨽ⋯ᮣ Móluòzú \Malta 偀ᇨҪ MRdrtQ \Moro ᨽ⋯䇁 MóluòyZ \Maltese 偀ᇨҪ䇁 MRdrtQyZ \Morocco ᨽ⋯હ MóluògU \Man ᳐ቯ MàndRo \Morse ᨽᇨᮃ MódrsW \Manchester ᳐ᕏᮃ⡍ MànchèsWtè \Moscow 㥿ᮃ⾥ MòsWkU \Manchu ⒵ᮣ䇁 MRnzúyZ \Moses ᨽ㽓 MóxW \Manchukuo ⒵Ꮂ೑ MRnzhùguó \Mozambique 㥿ϝ唏ܟ MòsQnbíkè \Manchuria ϰ࣫бⳕ D`ngbdijiZshdng \Mozart 㥿ᴁ⡍ MòzhQtè \Manila 偀ሐᢝ MRnílQ \Munich ᜩሐ咥 MùníhUi \Manx ᳐ቯ䇁 MàndRoyZ \Naboth ᣓԃ Nábó \Maori ↯߽䇁 MáolìyZ \Nairobi ༜⋯↨ NàiluòbX \Marseilles 偀䌯 MRsài \Naples 䙷ϡࢦᮃ NQbùlUisW \Martha ⥯㥢 MRshQ \Napoleon ᣓ⸈ҥ Nápòlún \Martha 偀໻ MRdà \Nara ༜㡃 Nàiliáng \Martin 偀ϕ MRdWng \Nazareth ᣓᩦࢦ NásQlUi \Mary ⥯Б MRlì \Nepal ሐ⊞ᇨ Níbódr \Maryland 偀䞠݄ MRlXlán \Netherlands 㥋݄ Hélán Matthew 偀໾ MRtài \Nevada ݙढ䖒Ꮂ Nèihuádázhù\ \Maui 㣖Ӟቯ MàoyWdRo \New York 㒑㑺 NiZyQo \Mauritius ῵䞠㽓ᮃ MólXxWsW \New Zealand ᮄ㽓݄ XWnxWlán \Mayan 偀䲙䇁 MRyRyZ \Newton ⠯乓 Niúdùn

\Nicaragua ሐࡴᢝ⪰ NíjiQlQguQ \Plato ᶣᢝ೒ BólQtú \Niger ሐ᮹ᇨ Nírìdr \Po ⊶⊇ B`hé \Nigeria ሐ᮹߽Ѯ Nírìlìyà \Poland ⊶݄ B`lán \Nile ሐ㔫⊇ Níluóhé \Popeye ⊶≯ B`pèi \Noah 䇎Ѯ Nuòyà \Portia ⊶㽓Ѯ B`xWyà \Nobel 䇎䋱ᇨ Nuòbèidr \Portland ⊶⡍݄ B`tèlán \Norfolk 䇎⽣ܟ Nuòfúkè \Portugal 㨵㧘⠭ Pútáoyá \Normandy 䇎᳐ᑩ NuòmàndX \Prague ᏗᢝḐ BùlQgé \North America ࣫㕢 Bdimdi \Princeton ᱂ᵫᮃ乓 PZlínsWdùn \Norway ᣾࿕ NuówUi \Prussia ᱂剕຿ PZlZshì \Norwegian ᣾࿕䇁 NuówUiyZ \Psyche ᱂䌯ܟ PZsàikè \Nottingham 䆹Ꮂ佪䙥 GQizhùshauyì \Queensland ᯚ຿݄ K\nshìlán \Nubia ࡾ↨Ѯ NZbXyà \Reuters 䏃䗣⼒ Lùtòushè \Nuremberg 㒑Ӻ෵ NiZlúnbRo \Rhine 㦅㤉⊇ LáiyWnhé \Oceania ໻⋟⌆ Dàyángzhù \Richard ⧚ᶹ LXchá \Odyssey ༹ᖋ䌯 odésài \Robert 㔫ࢗ⡍ Luóbótè Ohio ֘ѹ֘Ꮂ Éhàiézhù \Rome 㔫偀 LuómR\ Oregon ༹ࢦݜᎲ olUigQngzhù \Rotterdam 呓⡍Ѝ LùtèdQn\ Orpheus ༹䌍ᮃ ofèisW \Russia ֘೑ Éguó\ Osaka ໻䯾 DàbRn \Russia ֘㔫ᮃ ÉluósW\ \Oscar ༹ᮃव osWkR \Salvador 㧼ᇨ⪺໮ SàdrwRdu` \Oslo ༹ᮃ䰚 osWlù \Salzburg 㧼ᇨݍ෵ SàdrzWbRo \Othello ༹䌯㔫 osàiluó \Sanskrit ẉ䇁 FànyZ \Ovid ༹㓈ᖋ owéidé \Sara 㥢ᢝ ShQlQ \Oxford ⠯⋹ NiújWn \Sarah 㥢ᢝ ShQlQ \Oxford ⠯⋹ජ NiújWnchéng \Scotland 㢣Ḑ݄ S\gélán \Oxfordshire ⠯⋹䚵 NiújWnjùn \Seoul ∝ජ Hànchéng \Pakistan Ꮘ෎ᮃഺ BQjWsWtRn \Shakespeare 㥢຿↨Ѯ ShQshìbXyà \Palestine Ꮘࢦᮃഺ BQlUisWtRn \Singapore ᮄࡴവ XWnjiQp` \Pali Ꮘ߽䇁 BQlìyZ \Solomon ᠔㔫䮼 Sualuómén \Panama Ꮘᣓ偀 BQnámR \South Africa फ䴲 NánfUi \Papua ᏈᏗѮቯ BQbùyàdRo \South America फ㕢 Nánmdi \Paraguay Ꮘᢝഁ BQlQguW \Spain 㽓⧁⠭ XWbQnyá \Paris Ꮘ咢 BQlí \Sudan 㢣Ѝ S\dQn Paul ֱ㔫 BRoluó \Susan 㢣⦞ S\shQn\ \Pearson ⲂᇨỂ PídrsUn \Sweden ⨲݌ RuìdiRn \Peking ࣫Ҁ BdijWng \Swedish ⨲݌䇁 RuìdiRnyZ \Persia ⊶ᮃ B`sW \Switzerland ⨲຿ Ruìshì \Peru ⾬剕 BìlZ \Syria ভ߽Ѯ Xùlìyà \Pescadores ╢␪㕸ቯ PénghúqúndRo \Taal ศᇨ䇁 TRdryZ \Pesewa ↨㽓⪺ BXxWwR \Tahiti ໻⑾ഄቯ DàxWdìdRo \Philadelphia 䌍ජ Fèichéng \Taipei ৄ࣫ Táibdi \Philip 㜧࡯ Féilì \Taiwan ৄ⑒ TáiwQn \Phoenicia 㜧ሐ෎ FéiníjW \Tamerlane Ꮺ᳼ܓ Tidmùér \Picasso ↩व㋶ BìkRsua \Tamil ഺ㉇ᇨ䇁 TRnmXdryZ \Pisa ↨㧼 BXsà \Tanzania ഺḥሐѮ TRnsQngníyà \Pittsburgh ऍݍ෵ PXzWbRo \Tartary 䵥䵐 Dádá

\Teheran ᖋ咥݄ DéhUilán \US 㕢೑ Mdiguó \Tennessee ⬄㒇㽓Ꮂ TiánnàxWzh`u \USA 㕢೑ Mdiguó \Thai ⋄೑䇁 TàiguóyZ \USSR 㢣㘨 S\lián \Thailand ⋄೑ Tàiguó \Vatican 㔫偀ᬭᓋ LuómRjiàotíng Thebes ᑩ↨ᮃ DXbXsW \Vatican ẉ䇯ݜ FàndìgQng\ \Thoreau ẁ㔫 Su`luó \Venice ࿕ሐᮃ WUinísW \Tiber ৄԃ⊇ Táibóhé \Venus 㓈䙷ᮃ WéinQsW \Tibet 㽓㮣 XWzàng \Victoria 㓈໮߽Ѯ Wéidu`lìyà \Titus ᦤ໮ Tídu` \Vienna 㓈г㒇 Wéiydnà \Tokyo ϰҀ D`ngjWng \Vietnam 䍞फ Yuènán \Tonkin ϰҀ D`ngjWng \Virginia 㓈ঢ়ሐѮ Wéijíníyà \Troy ⡍⋯Ӟ TèluòyW \Wales ࿕ᇨ຿ WUidrshì \Turanian 䛑݄ᮣ D\lánzú \Warsaw ढ≭ HuáshQ \Turanian 䛑݄䇁 D\lányZ \Washington ढⲯ乓 Huáshèngdùn \Turkish ೳ㘇݊䇁 TZdrqíyZ \West Africa 㽓䴲 XWfUi \Turkmen ೳᑧ᳐ TZkùmàn \Yale 㘊剕 YUlZ \Tyrol ᦤ⋯ᇨ Tíluòdr \Yugoslavia फᮃᢝ໿ NánsWlQf\ \UK 㘨ড়⥟೑ Liánhéwángguó \Zambia 䌲↨Ѯ ZànbXyà \UK 㣅೑ YWngguó \Zurich 㢣咢຿ S\líshì \UN 㘨ড়೑ Liánhéguó \Sarajevo 㧼ᢝ⛁ぱ SàlQrèw` \Uruguay Рᢝഁ W\lQguW