Supporting the Chinese Language in Oracle Text
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Unicode Ate My Brain
UNICODE ATE MY BRAIN John Cowan Reuters Health Information Copyright 2001-04 John Cowan under GNU GPL 1 Copyright • Copyright © 2001 John Cowan • Licensed under the GNU General Public License • ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTIES; USE AT YOUR OWN RISK • Portions written by Tim Bray; used by permission • Title devised by Smarasderagd; used by permission • Black and white for readability Copyright 2001-04 John Cowan under GNU GPL 2 Abstract Unicode, the universal character set, is one of the foundation technologies of XML. However, it is not as widely understood as it should be, because of the unavoidable complexity of handling all of the world's writing systems, even in a fairly uniform way. This tutorial will provide the basics about using Unicode and XML to save lots of money and achieve world domination at the same time. Copyright 2001-04 John Cowan under GNU GPL 3 Roadmap • Brief introduction (4 slides) • Before Unicode (16 slides) • The Unicode Standard (25 slides) • Encodings (11 slides) • XML (10 slides) • The Programmer's View (27 slides) • Points to Remember (1 slide) Copyright 2001-04 John Cowan under GNU GPL 4 How Many Different Characters? a A à á â ã ä å ā ă ą a a a a a a a a a a a Copyright 2001-04 John Cowan under GNU GPL 5 How Computers Do Text • Characters in computer storage are represented by “small” numbers • The numbers use a small number of bits: from 6 (BCD) to 21 (Unicode) to 32 (wchar_t on some Unix boxes) • Design choices: – Which numbers encode which characters – How to pack the numbers into bytes Copyright 2001-04 John Cowan under GNU GPL 6 Where Does XML Come In? • XML is a textual data format • XML software is required to handle all commercially important characters in the world; a promise to “handle XML” implies a promise to be international • Applications can do what they want; monolingual applications can mostly ignore internationalization Copyright 2001-04 John Cowan under GNU GPL 7 $$$ £££ ¥¥¥ • Extra cost of building-in internationalization to a new computer application: about 20% (assuming XML and Unicode). -
Character Set Migration Best Practices For
Character Set Migration Best Practices $Q2UDFOH:KLWH3DSHU October 2002 Server Globalization Technology Oracle Corporation Introduction - Database Character Set Migration Migrating from one database character set to another requires proper strategy and tools. This paper outlines the best practices for database character set migration that has been utilized on behalf of hundreds of customers successfully. Following these methods will help determine what strategies are best suited for your environment and will help minimize risk and downtime. This paper also highlights migration to Unicode. Many customers today are finding Unicode to be essential to supporting their global businesses. Oracle provides consulting services for very large or complex environments to help minimize the downtime while maximizing the safe migration of business critical data. Why migrate? Database character set migration often occurs from a requirement to support new languages. As companies internationalize their operations and expand services to customers all around the world, they find the need to support data storage of more World languages than are available within their existing database character set. Historically, many legacy systems required support for only one or possibly a few languages; therefore, the original character set chosen had a limited repertoire of characters that could be supported. For example, in America a 7-bit character set called ASCII is satisfactory for supporting English data exclusively. While in Europe a variety of 8 bit European character sets can support specific subsets of European languages together with English. In Asia, multi byte character sets that could support a given Asian language and English were chosen. These were reasonable choices that fulfilled the initial requirements and provided the best combination of economy and performance. -
Chinese Pinyin Aided IME, Input What You Have Not Keystroked Yet
Chinese Pinyin Aided IME, Input What You Have Not Keystroked Yet Yafang Huang1;2, Hai Zhao1;2;∗, 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China 2Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China [email protected], [email protected] ∗ Abstract between pinyin syllables and Chinese characters. (Huang et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2012; Jia and Chinese pinyin input method engine (IME) Zhao, 2014; Chen et al., 2015) regarded the P2C as converts pinyin into character so that Chinese a translation between two languages and solved it characters can be conveniently inputted into computer through common keyboard. IMEs in statistical or neural machine translation frame- work relying on its core component, pinyin- work. The fundamental difference between (Chen to-character conversion (P2C). Usually Chi- et al., 2015) work and ours is that our work is a nese IMEs simply predict a list of character fully end-to-end neural IME model with extra at- sequences for user choice only according to tention enhancement, while the former still works user pinyin input at each turn. However, Chi- on traditional IME only with converted neural net- nese inputting is a multi-turn online procedure, work language model enhancement. (Zhang et al., which can be supposed to be exploited for fur- 2017) introduced an online algorithm to construct ther user experience promoting. This paper thus for the first time introduces a sequence- appropriate dictionary for P2C. All the above men- to-sequence model with gated-attention mech- tioned work, however, still rely on a complete in- anism for the core task in IMEs. -
AIX Globalization
AIX Version 7.1 AIX globalization IBM Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 233 . This edition applies to AIX Version 7.1 and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2010, 2018. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents About this document............................................................................................vii Highlighting.................................................................................................................................................vii Case-sensitivity in AIX................................................................................................................................vii ISO 9000.....................................................................................................................................................vii AIX globalization...................................................................................................1 What's new...................................................................................................................................................1 Separation of messages from programs..................................................................................................... 1 Conversion between code sets............................................................................................................. -
China's Shanzhai Entrepreneurs Hooligans Or
China’s Shanzhai Entrepreneurs Hooligans or Heroes? 《中國⼭寨企業家:流氓抑或是英雄》 Callum Smith ⾼林著 Submitted for Bachelor of Asia Pacific Studies (Honours) The Australian National University October 2015 2 Declaration of originality This thesis is my own work. All sources used have been acknowledGed. Callum Smith 30 October 2015 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to the many people whose acquaintance I have had the fortune of makinG. In particular, I would like to express my thanks to my hiGh-school Chinese teacher Shabai Li 李莎白 for her years of guidance and cherished friendship. I am also grateful for the support of my friends in Beijing, particularly Li HuifanG 李慧芳. I am thankful for the companionship of my family and friends in Canberra, and in particular Sandy 翟思纯, who have all been there for me. I would like to thank Neil Thomas for his comments and suggestions on previous drafts. I am also Grateful to Geremie Barmé. Callum Smith 30 October 2015 4 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................ 3 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 6 THE EMERGENCE OF A SOCIOCULTURAL PHENOMENON ................................................................................................... -
Windows NLS Considerations Version 2.1
Windows NLS Considerations version 2.1 Radoslav Rusinov [email protected] Windows NLS Considerations Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Windows and Code Pages .................................................................................................................... 3 1.2. CharacterSet ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3. Encoding Scheme ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.4. Fonts ................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.5. So Why Are There Different Charactersets? ........................................................................................ 4 1.6. What are the Difference Between 7 bit, 8 bit and Unicode Charactersets? ........................................... 4 2. NLS_LANG .............................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1. Setting the Character Set in NLS_LANG ............................................................................................ 4 2.2. Where is the Character Conversion Done? ......................................................................................... -
The Challenge of Chinese Character Acquisition
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Teaching, Department of Teaching, Learning and Teacher Learning and Teacher Education Education 2017 The hC allenge of Chinese Character Acquisition: Leveraging Multimodality in Overcoming a Centuries-Old Problem Justin Olmanson University of Nebraska at Lincoln, [email protected] Xianquan Chrystal Liu University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/teachlearnfacpub Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Chinese Studies Commons, Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Instructional Media Design Commons, Language and Literacy Education Commons, Online and Distance Education Commons, and the Teacher Education and Professional Development Commons Olmanson, Justin and Liu, Xianquan Chrystal, "The hC allenge of Chinese Character Acquisition: Leveraging Multimodality in Overcoming a Centuries-Old Problem" (2017). Faculty Publications: Department of Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education. 239. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/teachlearnfacpub/239 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications: Department of Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Volume 4 (2017) -
[MS-VUVP-Diff]: VT-UTF8 and VT100+ Protocols
[MS-VUVP-Diff]: VT-UTF8 and VT100+ Protocols Intellectual Property Rights Notice for Open Specifications Documentation . Technical Documentation. Microsoft publishes Open Specifications documentation (“this documentation”) for protocols, file formats, data portability, computer languages, and standards as well as overviews of the interaction among each of these technologiessupport. Additionally, overview documents cover inter-protocol relationships and interactions. Copyrights. This documentation is covered by Microsoft copyrights. Regardless of any other terms that are contained in the terms of use for the Microsoft website that hosts this documentation, you maycan make copies of it in order to develop implementations of the technologies that are described in the Open Specifications this documentation and maycan distribute portions of it in your implementations usingthat use these technologies or in your documentation as necessary to properly document the implementation. You maycan also distribute in your implementation, with or without modification, any schema, IDL'sschemas, IDLs, or code samples that are included in the documentation. This permission also applies to any documents that are referenced in the Open Specifications. documentation. No Trade Secrets. Microsoft does not claim any trade secret rights in this documentation. Patents. Microsoft has patents that maymight cover your implementations of the technologies described in the Open Specifications. documentation. Neither this notice nor Microsoft's delivery of thethis documentation grants any licenses under those patents or any other Microsoft patents. However, a given Open Specification maySpecifications document might be covered by the Microsoft Open Specifications Promise or the Microsoft Community Promise. If you would prefer a written license, or if the technologies described in the Open Specificationsthis documentation are not covered by the Open Specifications Promise or Community Promise, as applicable, patent licenses are available by contacting [email protected]. -
Electronic Document Preparation Pocket Primer
Electronic Document Preparation Pocket Primer Vít Novotný December 4, 2018 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (cc by 3.0) Contents Introduction 1 1 Writing 3 1.1 Text Processing 4 1.1.1 Character Encoding 4 1.1.2 Text Input 12 1.1.3 Text Editors 13 1.1.4 Interactive Document Preparation Systems 13 1.1.5 Regular Expressions 14 1.2 Version Control 17 2 Markup 21 2.1 Meta Markup Languages 22 2.1.1 The General Markup Language 22 2.1.2 The Extensible Markup Language 23 2.2 Markup on the World Wide Web 28 2.2.1 The Hypertext Markup Language 28 2.2.2 The Extensible Hypertext Markup Language 29 2.2.3 The Semantic Web and Linked Data 31 2.3 Document Preparation Systems 32 2.3.1 Batch-oriented Systems 35 2.3.2 Interactive Systems 36 2.4 Lightweight Markup Languages 39 3 Design 41 3.1 Fonts 41 3.2 Structural Elements 42 3.2.1 Paragraphs and Stanzas 42 iv CONTENTS 3.2.2 Headings 45 3.2.3 Tables and Lists 46 3.2.4 Notes 46 3.2.5 Quotations 47 3.3 Page Layout 48 3.4 Color 48 3.4.1 Theory 48 3.4.2 Schemes 51 Bibliography 53 Acronyms 61 Index 65 Introduction With the advent of the digital age, typesetting has become available to virtually anyone equipped with a personal computer. Beautiful text documents can now be crafted using free and consumer-grade software, which often obviates the need for the involvement of a professional designer and typesetter. -
Electronic Discovery Workbook
Computer Metadata File Electronic Discovery Workbook 2016 University of Texas School of Law LAW335E: E-Discovery and Digital Evidence Fall 2016 Ver. 16.0818 © Craig Ball, All Rights Reserved Name: Course Workbook Reading Assignments NOTE: This table is for your convenience; but, the timing and scope of your responsibilities in this course are established by the latest Syllabus, not this table. Always go by the Syllabus!! The following Workbook exercises and readings should be completed prior to the start of class on the dates set out for same below. There will always be additional readings on Canvas. Monday, August 29 Read pp. 4-84; Complete Exercise 1 Monday, September 12 Read pp. 85-101; Complete Exercise 2 Monday, September 19 (No class meeting this date) Read pp. 102-175; Complete Exercises 3-8 Monday, September 26 Read pp. 176-234; Complete Exercises 9-12 Monday, October 3 Read pp. 235-283, Complete Exercise 13 Monday, October 10 Read pp. 284-327; Complete Exercise 14, Part 1, pp. 282 Monday, October 17 No Workbook selections Monday, October 24 Read pp. 328-351; Complete Exercise 15 Monday, October 31 Read pp. 352-385; Complete Exercises 16-17 Monday, November 7 Read pp. 386-402; Begin Exercise 18 1 Contents Goals for this Workbook ...................................................................................................... 4 Introduction to Electronic Discovery and Digital Evidence .................................................... 6 Introduction to Discovery in U.S. Civil Litigation ................................................................... 9 The “E-Discovery Rules” (1,16,26,34 & 45) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure With Committee Notes accompanying 2006 and 2015 Amendments .......................................... 14 TRCP Rule 196.4 Electronic or Magnetic Data (enacted 1999) ........................................... -
The Challenge of Chinese Character Acquisition: Leveraging Multimodality in Overcoming a Centuries-Old Problem
The Emerging Learning Design Journal Volume 4 Issue 1 Article 1 February 2018 The Challenge of Chinese Character Acquisition: Leveraging Multimodality in Overcoming a Centuries-Old Problem Justin Olmanson University of Nebraska Lincoln Xianquan Liu University of Nebraska Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/eldj Part of the Instructional Media Design Commons Recommended Citation Olmanson, Justin and Liu, Xianquan (2018) "The Challenge of Chinese Character Acquisition: Leveraging Multimodality in Overcoming a Centuries-Old Problem," The Emerging Learning Design Journal: Vol. 4 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/eldj/vol4/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Montclair State University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Emerging Learning Design Journal by an authorized editor of Montclair State University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Volume 4 (2017) pgs. 1-9 Emerging Learning http://eldj.montclair.edu eld.j ISSN 2474-8218 Design Journal The Challenge of Chinese Character Acquisition: Leveraging Multimodality in Overcoming a Centuries-Old Problem Justin Olmanson and Xianquan Liu University of Nebraska Lincoln 1400 R St, Lincoln, NE 68588 [email protected] May 23, 2017 ABSTRACT For learners unfamiliar with character-based or logosyllabic writing systems, the process of developing literacy in written Chinese poses significantly more obstacles than learning -
Windows Mbox Viewer User Manual 1.0.2.6 Table of Contents 1 Modification History
Windows MBox Viewer User Manual 1.0.2.6 Table of Contents 1 Modification History.......................................................................................................................3 2 Feedback..........................................................................................................................................3 3 Overview.........................................................................................................................................4 4 Installation.......................................................................................................................................4 5 Running the MBox viewer..............................................................................................................4 5.1 Argument List Summary..............................................................................................................4 5.2 Setting Options from GUI............................................................................................................5 5.3 Basic Use Case.............................................................................................................................6 5.4 Mail Context Menu.......................................................................................................................7 5.5 Mail Archive Context menu.........................................................................................................8 5.6 Mail Attachments..........................................................................................................................9