Trends in Prescription Medication Use Among Children and Adolescents— United States, 1999-2014

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Supplementary Online Content

Hales CM, Kit BK, Gu Q, Ogden CL. Trends in prescription medication use among children and adolescents— United States, 1999-2014. JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5690

eTable. Classification of Prescription Medications Reported by NHANES Participants Aged 0-19 Years From 1999- 2000 to 2013-2014 by Therapeutic Class

This supplementary material was provided by the authors to give readers additional informtion about their work.

Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/27/2021 eTable. Classification of Prescription Medications Reported by NHANES Participants Aged 0-19 Years From 1999- 2000 to 2013-2014 by Therapeutic Class

Therapeutic classes are based on the Lexicon Plus prescription medication database and only those classes reported in the manuscript are listed.

ADHD Medications Antiadrenergic Agents, Centrally Acting Clonidine Guanfacine CNS Stimulants Amphetamines Amphetamine Amphetamine; Dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine Lisdexamfetamine Methylphenidate or Dexmethylphenidate Dexmethylphenidate Methylphenidate Other CNS Stimulant Pemoline Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Atomoxetine Antibiotics Cephalosporins Cefadroxil Cephalexin Cefaclor Cefprozil Cefuroxime Loracarbef Cefdinir Cefditoren Cefixime Cefpodoxime Ceftibuten Ceftriaxone Glycopeptide Antibiotics Vancomycin H. Pylori Eradication Agents Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Lansoprazole Lincomycin Derivatives Clindamycin Macrolide Derivatives Telithromycin Azithromycin Clarithromycin Erythromycin Miscellaneous Antibiotics - Oral Chloramphenicol

Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/27/2021 Erythromycin; Sulfisoxazole Metronidazole Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim Penicillins Ambroxol; Amoxicillin Amoxicillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin; Clavulanate Penicillin Penicillin V Potassium Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin Oxacillin Quinolones Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin Ofloxacin Sulfonamides - Oral Sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim Sulfisoxazole Tetracyclines Doxycycline Minocycline Tetracycline Urinary Anti-Infectives Methenamine Nitrofurantoin Trimethoprim Anticonvulsants Phenobarbital Primidone Clobazam Clonazepam Diazepam Lorazepam Felbamate Acetazolamide Topiramate Zonisamide Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine Divalproex Sodium Valproic Acid Gabapentin Tiagabine Phenytoin Lacosamide Levetiracetam

Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/27/2021 Ethosuximide Lamotrigine Antidepressants Antidepressants - Unspecified Miscellaneous Antidepressants Bupropion Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors - Unspecified Phenylpiperazine Antidepressants Nefazodone Trazodone SSRI Antidepressants Desvenlafaxine Duloxetine Venlafaxine Citalopram Escitalopram Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Paroxetine Sertraline Tetracyclic Antidepressants Mirtazapine Tricyclic Antidepressants Amitriptyline Clomipramine Desipramine Imipramine Nortriptyline Antidiabetic Agents Antidiabetic Agents - Unspecified Acarbose Metformin Insulin Insulin Aspart Insulin Aspart; Insulin Aspart Protamine Insulin Glargine Insulin Isophane (NPH) Insulin Lispro Insulin Lispro; Insulin Lispro Protamine Insulin Regular Repaglinide Glimepiride Pioglitazone Troglitazone Antihistamines Antihistamines - Unspecified Brompheniramine Carbinoxamine Cetirizine

Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/27/2021 Clemastine Cyproheptadine Desloratadine Dexchlorpheniramine Diphenhydramine Fexofenadine Hydroxyzine Levocetirizine Loratadine Promethazine Triprolidine Antihypertensive Agents Antihypertensive Agents - Unspecified Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Captopril Enalapril Fosinopril Lisinopril Quinapril Angiotensin II Inhibitors Losartan Antihypertensive Combinations Amlodipine; Benazepril Hydrochlorothiazide; Lisinopril Hydrochlorothiazide; Spironolactone Hydrochlorothiazide; Triamterene Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents Atenolol Bisoprolol Metoprolol Carvedilol Nadolol Propranolol Sotalol Calcium Channel Blocking Agents Amlodipine Nifedipine Verapamil Diuretics Acetazolamide Furosemide Torsemide Spironolactone Chlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide Metolazone Antipsychotics Antipsychotics - Unspecified Aripiprazole Clozapine

Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/27/2021 Olanzapine Paliperidone Quetiapine Risperidone Ziprasidone Haloperidol Lithium Prochlorperazine Thioridazine Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics - Unspecified Butabarbital Butalbital Phenobarbital Alprazolam Clobazam Clonazepam Clorazepate Diazepam Lorazepam Triazolam Buspirone Chloral Hydrate Diphenhydramine Eszopiclone Hydroxyzine Zolpidem Asthma Medications Antiasthmatic Combinations - Unspecified Bronchodilators Albuterol Formoterol Levalbuterol Metaproterenol Pirbuterol Salmeterol Terbutaline Ipratropium Tiotropium Albuterol; Ipratropium Budesonide; Formoterol Fluticasone; Salmeterol Formoterol; Mometasone Aminophylline Theophylline Leukotriene Modifiers Montelukast Zafirlukast Inhaled Corticosteroids Beclomethasone

Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/27/2021 Budesonide Ciclesonide Flunisolide Fluticasone Mometasone Mast Cell Stabilizers Cromolyn Contraceptives Contraceptives - Unspecified Desogestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol Dienogest; Estradiol Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Levomefolate Estradiol; Medroxyprogesterone Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethynodiol Ethinyl Estradiol; Etonogestrel Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel Ethinyl Estradiol; Norelgestromin Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestimate Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestrel Etonogestrel Medroxyprogesterone Norethindrone Glucocorticoids Betamethasone Budesonide Dexamethasone Hydrocortisone Methylprednisolone Prednisolone Prednisone Triamcinolone H2 Antagonists Cimetidine Famotidine Nizatidine Ranitidine Narcotic-Containing Analgesics Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine Acetaminophen; Codeine Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone Acetaminophen; Oxycodone Acetaminophen; Propoxyphene Codeine Fentanyl Hydrocodone Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen Meperidine

Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/27/2021 Morphine Oxycodone Tramadol Proton Pump Inhibitors Dexlansoprazole Esomeprazole Lansoprazole Omeprazole Pantoprazole Rabeprazole Topical Agents Topical Agents - Unspecified Anorectal Preparations Hydrocortisone; Pramoxine Topical Phenylephrine Topical Antiseptic And Germicides Chlorhexidine Topical Dermatological Agents Dermatological Agents - Unspecified Miscellaneous Topical Agents Aluminum Chloride Hexahydrate Topical Lactic Acid Topical Pimecrolimus Topical Selenium Sulfide Topical Tacrolimus Topical Topical Acne Agents Adapalene Topical Adapalene; Benzoyl Peroxide Topical Azelaic Acid Topical Benzoyl Peroxide Topical Benzoyl Peroxide; Clindamycin Topical Benzoyl Peroxide; Erythromycin Topical Clindamycin Topical Dapsone Topical Erythromycin Topical Salicylic Acid Topical Tretinoin Topical Topical Anesthetics Benzocaine Topical Lidocaine Topical Lidocaine; Prilocaine Topical Topical Anti-Infectives Imiquimod Topical Lindane Topical Malathion Topical Permethrin Topical Topical Anti-Rosacea Agents Azelaic Acid Topical Metronidazole Topical Topical Antibiotics

Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/27/2021 Bacitracin Topical Erythromycin Topical Mupirocin Topical Neomycin; Polymyxin B Sulfate Topical Silver Sulfadiazine Topical Sulfacetamide Sodium Topical Sulfacetamide Sodium; Sulfur Topical Topical Antifungals Butenafine Topical Ciclopirox Topical Clotrimazole Topical Econazole Topical Ketoconazole Topical Miconazole Topical Miconazole; Zinc Oxide Topical Naftifine Topical Nystatin Topical Terbinafine Topical Topical Antineoplastics Imiquimod Topical Topical Antipsoriatics Tazarotene Topical Topical Antivirals Acyclovir Topical Penciclovir Topical Topical Depigmenting Agents Hydroquinone Topical Topical Emollients Ammonium Lactate Topical Emollients Topical Topical Keratolytics Salicylic Acid Topical Topical Steroids Alclometasone Topical Betamethasone Topical Clobetasol Topical Desonide Topical Desoximetasone Topical Diflorasone Topical Fluocinolone Topical Fluocinonide Topical Fluticasone Topical Hydrocortisone Topical Mometasone Topical Prednicarbate Topical Triamcinolone Topical Topical Steroids With Anti-Infectives Bacitracin; Hydrocortisone; Neomycin; Polymyxin B Topical Betamethasone; Clotrimazole Topical Nystatin; Triamcinolone Topical

Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/27/2021 Mouth And Throat Products Cetylpyridinium Topical Chlorhexidine Topical Mouth And Throat Products - Unspecified Nystatin Nasal Preparations Nasal Antihistamines And Decongestants Azelastine Nasal Cromolyn Nasal Ipratropium Nasal Naphazoline Nasal Olopatadine Nasal Nasal Steroids Beclomethasone Nasal Budesonide Nasal Ciclesonide Nasal Flunisolide Nasal Fluticasone Nasal Mometasone Nasal Triamcinolone Nasal Ophthalmic Preparations Ophthalmic Preparations - Unspecified Mydriatics Atropine Ophthalmic Ophthalmic Anesthetics Tetracaine Ophthalmic Ophthalmic Anti-Infectives Azithromycin Ophthalmic Ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic Erythromycin Ophthalmic Gentamicin Ophthalmic Gramicidin; Neomycin; Polymyxin B Ophthalmic Levofloxacin Ophthalmic Moxifloxacin Ophthalmic Ofloxacin Ophthalmic Polymyxin B; Trimethoprim Ophthalmic Povidone Iodine Ophthalmic Sulfacetamide Sodium Ophthalmic Tobramycin Ophthalmic Ophthalmic Anti-Inflammatory Agents Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Ketorolac Ophthalmic Ophthalmic Anti-Inflammatory Agents - Unspecified Ophthalmic Antihistamines And Decongestants Azelastine Ophthalmic Cromolyn Ophthalmic Epinastine Ophthalmic Lodoxamide Ophthalmic Olopatadine Ophthalmic Ophthalmic Antihistamines And Decongestants - Unspecified

Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/27/2021 Tetrahydrozoline Ophthalmic Ophthalmic Glaucoma Agents Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Brimonidine Ophthalmic Brimonidine; Timolol Ophthalmic Dorzolamide Ophthalmic Dorzolamide; Timolol Ophthalmic Latanoprost Ophthalmic Timolol Ophthalmic Ophthalmic Steroids Fluorometholone Ophthalmic Loteprednol Ophthalmic Prednisolone Ophthalmic Ophthalmic Steroids With Anti-Infectives Dexamethasone; Neomycin; Polymyxin B Ophthalmic Dexamethasone; Tobramycin Ophthalmic Hydrocortisone; Neomycin; Polymyxin B Ophthalmic Otic Preparations Otic Preparations - Unspecified Cerumenolytics Carbamide Peroxide Otic Otic Anesthetics Antipyrine; Benzocaine Otic Antipyrine; Benzocaine; Phenylephrine Otic Chloroxylenol; Pramoxine Otic Otic Anti-Infectives Ofloxacin Otic Otic Steroids With Anti-Infectives Acetic Acid; Hydrocortisone Otic Chloroxylenol; Hydrocortisone; Pramoxine Otic Ciprofloxacin; Dexamethasone Otic Ciprofloxacin; Hydrocortisone Otic Colistin; Hydrocortisone; Neomycin; Thonzonium Otic Hydrocortisone; Neomycin; Polymyxin B Otic Vaginal Preparations Miscellaneous Vaginal Agents Conjugated Estrogens Topical Vaginal Anti-Infectives Clindamycin Topical Clotrimazole Topical Metronidazole Topical Miconazole Topical Upper Respiratory Combinations Acetaminophen; Amantadine; Chlorpheniramine Acetaminophen; Amantadine; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine Ambroxol; Dextromethorphan Brompheniramine; Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine Brompheniramine; Codeine; Phenylpropanolamine Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine

Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/27/2021 Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylpropanolamine Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine Brompheniramine; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine Brompheniramine; Phenylephrine Brompheniramine; Phenylpropanolamine Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine Carbetapentane Citrate; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine; Phenylpropanolamine Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine; Ephedrine; Phenylephrine Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine Carbetapentane; Pseudoephedrine Carbetapentane; Pseudoephedrine; Pyrilamine Carbinoxamine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine Carbinoxamine; Pseudoephedrine Cetirizine; Pseudoephedrine Chlophedianol; Dexchlorpheniramine; Pse Chlorpheniramine; Codeine; Pseudoephedrine Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine Chlorpheniramine; Methscopolamine; Phenylephrine Chlorpheniramine; Methscopolamine; Pseudoephedrine Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenylpropanolamine; Phenyltoloxamine Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine Codeine; Guaifenesin Codeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine Codeine; Promethazine Dexchlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylpropanolamine Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine Dextromethorphan; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate

Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/27/2021 Dextromethorphan; Promethazine Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine Dihydrocodeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine Diphenhydramine; Pseudoephedrine Fexofenadine; Pseudoephedrine Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine Guaifenesin; Phenylpropanolamine Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine Homatropine; Hydrocodone Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine Loratadine; Pseudoephedrine Methscopolamine; Pseudoephedrine Pheniramine; Phenylpropanolamine; Phenyltoloxamine; Pyrilamine Pheniramine; Phenylpropanolamine; Pyrilamine Phenylephrine; Promethazine Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine Pseudoephedrine; Triprolidine

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